A river bend section revetment structure based on water flow-sediment coupling

Abstract

This invention discloses a river bend revetment structure based on flow-sediment coupling, relating to the field of hydraulic engineering. It includes: several fins located at the inlet end of the bend and distributed on both sides of the river channel; and a guide plate erected in the middle of the river channel within the bend, the guide plate being arranged along the length of the river channel. The fins are rotatably connected to the river channel sidewall and rotated by a first driving component, allowing the end of the fin facing the bend to rotate into the river channel. The guide plate is rotatably connected to the middle of the river channel and rotated by a second driving component, allowing the end of the guide plate away from the inlet end to rotate towards both sides of the river channel. Using this design, the fins can guide the near-shore flow at the inlet end to change its initial direction, reducing direct impact on the bend end bank slope. The guide plate optimizes the centrifugal flow state of the bend, guiding the sediment carried by the flow to naturally accumulate at the bank foot, forming a natural sediment protection layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering, specifically to a riverbank protection structure based on water flow-sediment coupling in a river bend. Background Technology

[0002] River bends are subject to centrifugal force, resulting in typical water and sediment transport characteristics of concave bank erosion and convex bank siltation. The riverbank slope and riverbed in the top scour zone of the concave bank are subjected to shear stress from high-speed water flow for a long time, making them prone to problems such as bank slope collapse, riverbed erosion, and dike destruction. These problems seriously threaten the safety of flood control in the river channel, the stability of water conservancy projects, and the safety of the ecology and production and life along the river. Therefore, bank protection in bends is a core component of river management and flood control projects.

[0003] Existing riverbank protection projects in river bends mostly employ traditional protective structures such as rigid revetments, riprap revetments, gabion baskets, and concrete retaining walls. These structures are all passive erosion-resistant designs, relying solely on reinforcing the bank slope to resist water erosion without actively regulating the natural laws of water flow-sediment coupling. They cannot guide the sediment carried by the water flow to naturally accumulate at the concave bank foot to form a protective layer. This not only results in high protection costs and poor long-term effectiveness but also makes the protection prone to failure due to changes in water flow dynamics. Furthermore, traditional revetment structures are mostly fixed designs, and the angles and layouts of their flow-guiding and erosion-prevention structures cannot be adjusted according to dynamic changes in hydrological parameters such as river level, flow velocity, and sediment content. This leads to poor adaptability to different hydrological conditions such as flood season, dry season, and wet season, making it difficult to achieve effective protection under all conditions. Some adjustable revetment structures lack precise sensing monitoring and automated control systems, requiring manual on-site adjustments. This operation is cumbersome, has a slow response time, and low control precision, making it impossible to achieve precise optimization of water flow patterns. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a river bend revetment structure based on water flow-sediment coupling. This solution guides the near-shore water flow at the inlet end to change its initial direction through fins, reducing direct impact on the bend end bank slope. Furthermore, by optimizing the centrifugal flow state of the bend through guide plates, the sediment carried by the water flow is guided to naturally accumulate at the bank foot, forming a natural sediment protection layer. This transforms passive erosion protection into active erosion protection combined with sedimentation protection, significantly improving the long-term effectiveness and stability of the river bend revetment.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A riverbank protection structure based on flow-sediment coupling, comprising:

[0007] Several fins are located at the water inlet of the bend section and distributed on both sides of the river channel; at least one fin is provided on the side wall of the river channel, and several fins located on one side of the river channel are arranged sequentially along the length of the river channel.

[0008] A guide vane is erected in the middle of the river channel and located in a bend section, and the guide vane is set along the length of the river channel;

[0009] The fin is rotatably connected to the sidewall of the river channel and is driven to rotate by the first drive assembly so that the end of the fin facing the bend can be screwed into the river channel.

[0010] The guide plate is rotatably connected to the middle of the river channel and is driven to rotate by the second drive assembly so that the end of the guide plate away from the water inlet can rotate towards both sides of the river channel.

[0011] Compared to existing technologies where protective structures are typically passive erosion-resistant designs, which are not only costly and have poor long-term effectiveness, but are also prone to failure due to changes in hydrodynamics, this invention provides a river bend revetment structure based on water flow-sediment coupling. This solution guides the near-shore water flow at the inlet end to change its initial direction through fins, reducing direct impact on the bend end bank slope. Furthermore, by optimizing the centrifugal flow state at the bend through guide plates, the sediment carried by the water flow is guided to naturally accumulate at the bank foot, forming a natural sediment protection layer. This transforms passive erosion protection into active erosion protection plus sedimentation protection, significantly improving the long-term effectiveness and stability of the bend revetment. The specific design includes several fins and guide plates, all installed at the bends in the river. The fins are located at the inlet of the bend and distributed on both sides of the inlet. At least one fin is installed on one side of the inlet, and the fins on the same side are evenly distributed along the length of the river. Since the end of the fin facing the bend can rotate into or out of the river, the fin can serve as the core movable component for guiding the water flow at the inlet. The first drive component drives the fin to rotate and adjust the rotation angle, which can accurately guide the direction and velocity of the near-shore water flow, change the initial flow state of the water entering the bend, and reduce the direct impact of the water flow on the bank slope of the bend. In addition, regarding the guide plate, it is installed within the bend section, along the length of the bend section, and rotatably connected to the middle of the bend section. Therefore, the guide plate is rotated by the second drive component to adjust the left and right deflection angles, which can further buffer the water flow and optimize the centrifugal flow state of the bend, making the water flow state at the rear of the bend section gentle. Furthermore, by adjusting the angle and the gap between the water flow and the gap, it can guide the sediment carried by the water flow to accumulate at the foot of the bank, forming a natural sediment protection layer. This transforms passive erosion prevention into active erosion prevention + sedimentation protection, greatly improving the long-term effectiveness and stability of the bank protection of the bend section.

[0012] Further optimization, in order to form a combined flow guiding structure for multiple flow guiding and buffering at different angles, especially under the condition of large water flow impact at large bends, is configured as follows: including at least two flow guiding plates, several of the flow guiding plates are arranged sequentially along the length of the river channel, and adjacent flow guiding plates are hinged to each other, the hinge rotation direction is the same as the rotation direction of the flow guiding plate itself, and each flow guiding plate can rotate under the drive of the second drive component.

[0013] In a further optimization, as one implementation structure of the deflector, there are two deflectors, namely a front deflector and a tail deflector. A first column is provided at the end of the front deflector away from the tail deflector; a second column is provided at the hinge position between the front deflector and the tail deflector.

[0014] The first column is rotatably connected to the river channel and can rotate around its own axis. The front guide plate is fixedly connected to the first column, and the second drive component can drive the first column to rotate.

[0015] The second column is fixedly mounted on the tail end guide plate, and the end of the front end guide plate is rotatably sleeved on the second column; the second drive assembly can drive the second column to rotate around its own axis. In this scheme, the first column can serve as the rotation center point. Under the drive of the second drive assembly, the rotation of the first column can drive the front end guide plate to rotate, thereby adjusting its own deflection angle, so as a primary flow guiding component to guide the water flow in front of the bend section and initially optimize the centrifugal flow state of the bend; after the front end guide plate rotates to its position, since the front end guide plate is rotatably sleeved on the second column, the rotation of the second column will not affect the front end guide plate, but will only drive the tail end guide plate to rotate. When the front guide plate has a poor buffering effect under the impact of large water flow, it drives the tail guide plate to deflect at a larger deflection angle. As a secondary guide component for water flow regulation in the bend section, it is hinged with the front guide plate to form an adjustable angle combined guide structure. By adjusting the relative angle between the two, the flow pattern of the water in the back of the bend section is precisely optimized, and the sediment carried by the water flow is guided to accumulate at the foot of the bank. Of course, this solution is not limited to secondary guide, and can also be tertiary, quaternary guide, etc.

[0016] Further optimization, as a specific driving method of the second driving component, a support platform is provided across the upper end of the curved section, the support platform is open in the middle, and a fixing plate is provided at the open.

[0017] The second drive assembly includes two motors, which are respectively disposed on the upper ends of the first column and the second column, and are used to drive the first column and the second column to rotate respectively;

[0018] The motor connected to the first column is fixed to the support platform, and the motor connected to the second column is slidably connected to the support platform, with the sliding direction being the same as the movement direction of the second column. In this scheme, the second drive assembly includes two motors. One motor is fixed to the support platform to drive the first column to rotate at a fixed point. Secondly, since the second column will move with the deflection of the front guide plate, the other motor needs to be slidably connected to the support platform to adapt to the deflection position. Due to the limitation of the sliding connection, the other motor can drive the second column to rotate. The first column serves as a vertical support for the front guide plate, and its upper end can be rotatably connected to the fixed plate via a bearing, and / or its lower end can be rotatably connected to the bottom of the river channel.

[0019] For further optimization, to facilitate installation and achieve deflection limiting, the fixing plate is provided with a through hole, a first arc-shaped hole and a third arc-shaped hole;

[0020] The upper end of the first column can pass through the through hole and connect to the fixed motor output end; the upper end of the second column can pass through the first arc-shaped hole and connect to the sliding motor output end; the arc of the first arc-shaped hole is adapted to the moving path of the second column.

[0021] The second column is connected to a motor with a slider on one side. The slider is slidably connected to a third arc-shaped hole, and the centers of the third arc-shaped hole and the first arc-shaped hole are coaxial. In this design, a bearing can be installed at the through hole on the fixed plate to facilitate rotatable connection with the first column. The upper end of the bearing passes through the bearing to connect with the fixed motor output end. The first arc-shaped hole corresponds to the position of the second column, and its width is slightly larger than the diameter of the second column, allowing the upper end of the second column to pass through and connect with the sliding motor output end. The first arc-shaped hole can limit the movement of the second column. The third arc-shaped hole corresponds to the position of the slider on the motor. The slider on the motor is L-shaped and can be slidably connected to the third arc-shaped hole. In this way, the motor can move synchronously with the second column, and under the sliding limit action, it can drive the second column to rotate.

[0022] Further optimization involves providing guide slides on both sides of the fixed plate to limit the deflection of the tail end guide plate, since the deflection center of the tail end guide plate is not fixed. A sliding plate is provided above the end of the fixed plate away from its through hole. The sliding plate and the guide slide are slidably connected, and the sliding direction is the length direction of the fixed plate. The sliding plate is partially or completely located outside the fixed plate.

[0023] The sliding plate, located outside the fixed plate, has a second arc-shaped hole. A third column is positioned at the end of the tail-end guide plate furthest from the front-end guide plate. The upper end of the third column can extend upwards through the second arc-shaped hole, which is parallel to the first arc-shaped hole. In this design, the second column serves as the power transmission carrier for driving the tail-end guide plate's deflection. Since the deflection center of the tail-end guide plate is not fixed, a sliding plate is also provided. Guide rails are provided on both sides of the sliding plate, and these rails are slidably connected to guide plates on both sides of the fixed plate to reduce frictional resistance between the sliding plate and the guide plates, ensuring smooth and stable sliding. Thus, when the second column moves along an arc, the tail-end guide plate, due to its length limitation, can drive the sliding plate to slide freely, adapting to positional changes during guide plate angle adjustments.

[0024] Further optimization involves locking the second and third columns after they are moved into place to ensure the stability of the guide plate angle after adjustment. The upper protruding part of the third column is fixedly fitted with a first gear, and the upper protruding part of the second column is fixedly fitted with a second gear. A first electric push rod and a locking rack are provided on the upper side of both the fixed plate and the sliding plate. The locking rack is arc-shaped and has the same curvature as the first arc-shaped hole.

[0025] The first electric push rod on the fixed plate is used to drive the locking rack to move toward or away from the first arc-shaped hole, so that the locking rack on the fixed plate can engage or disengage with the second gear;

[0026] The first electric actuator on the sliding plate drives the locking rack to move closer to or away from the second arc-shaped hole, so that the locking rack on the sliding plate can engage or disengage with the first gear. In this design, two first electric actuators are fixed to the fixed plate and the sliding plate respectively, and each has a locking rack at its output end. The locking rack is arc-shaped to fit the arc-shaped hole at its respective position, and the tooth surface is on the side facing the gear. The first electric actuator provides the power source for the horizontal sliding of the locking rack. When the column needs to move along the arc-shaped hole, the locking rack is controlled to retract to disengage; when the column moves into position, the locking rack is controlled to extend to achieve engagement. Therefore, this design, by using the first electric actuator to drive the locking rack closer to or away from the gear, can achieve automatic locking and unlocking of the gear, improve the automation level of operation, and ensure the stability after the guide plate angle is adjusted.

[0027] Further optimizations, to shorten the construction period and provide a foundation for fin installation, also include prefabricated embankments and side plates, with prefabricated embankments pre-embedded on both sides of the river channel; side plates are fixedly installed on the opposite side walls of the prefabricated embankments at the water inlet end.

[0028] The side plate has several grooves evenly distributed along its length, each groove accommodating a fin. In this design, the prefabricated embankment serves as the foundational load-bearing structure of the revetment. It is prefabricated in a factory, significantly shortening the on-site construction period, reducing disturbance to the river channel, and ensuring structural strength and construction precision. Two prefabricated embankments are used, embedded symmetrically on both sides of the river channel, forming an integrated revetment framework for the bend section. This allows for simultaneous protection of both the concave and convex banks, preventing flow imbalance caused by unilateral protection. The front end of the prefabricated embankment is the inlet end, which is the entrance to the bend section of the river. It is a key position for regulating the initial flow pattern of the near-shore water flow and provides a foundation for the installation of fins and the guidance of water flow. The rear end of the prefabricated embankment is the bend section, which is the core area where the water flow completes centrifugal turning and is a high-risk area for bank erosion. It provides a carrier for the installation of guide plates and the optimization of the flow pattern in the bend. Side plates are set on opposite sides of the inlet ends of the two prefabricated embankments. The side plates provide a hinged installation foundation for the fins and at the same time provide initial constraint on the near-shore water flow at the inlet end to prevent disorderly diffusion of water flow and ensure the guiding effect of the fins on the water flow. Several fins are hingedly installed at the opposite ends of the two side plates. The fins are the core movable components for guiding the water flow at the inlet end. By deflecting around the hinge axis to adjust the angle, they can accurately guide the direction and velocity of the near-shore water flow, change the initial flow pattern of the water flow entering the bend section, and reduce the direct impact of the water flow on the bank slope of the bend section.

[0029] Further optimization, as a specific drive structure of the first drive component, a support platform is provided across the upper end of the curved section, and a fourth column is fixedly provided at one end of the fin near the water inlet. The upper end of the fourth column extends out of the support platform, and a third gear is fixedly sleeved on the protruding part.

[0030] The first drive assembly includes a drive rack and a second electric push rod. The drive rack and the second electric push rod are provided on both sides of the support platform. The drive rack is arranged along the length of the river channel, and the drive rack on one side can mesh with each third gear on that side. The second electric push rod is used to drive the drive rack to move along the length of the river channel. In this design, a fourth column is installed on the top of several fins. The fourth column provides a vertical power transmission carrier for the fins, passes through a support platform, and is rotatably connected to the support platform via bearings. The column extends out of the support platform to achieve precise docking with the upper drive component of the support platform, ensuring the effectiveness of power transmission. A drive rack is installed on the support platform, which can mesh with a third gear to convert the linear motion of the drive rack into the rotational motion of the fourth column, thereby driving the fins to deflect. One side of several third gears meshes with the drive rack, which provides synchronous drive power to all third gears. The linear sliding of the drive rack drives all meshing third gears to rotate synchronously, realizing the synchronous angle adjustment of several fins and ensuring the consistency of water flow guidance at the inlet end. A second electric push rod is installed at one end of the drive rack, which provides the power source for the linear sliding of the drive rack. The extension and retraction of the electric push rod drives the drive rack to slide back and forth, thereby precisely controlling the deflection angle of the fins and realizing the automated control of water flow guidance at the inlet end.

[0031] In a further optimization, a support platform is installed across the upper end of the curved section, and a sensor assembly is installed on the support platform. The sensor assembly includes a Doppler current profiler for monitoring the velocity and direction of the river flow, an ultrasonic sedimentation thickness sensor for monitoring changes in sediment deposition thickness, a water level sensor for monitoring the river water level, and an tilt sensor or angle encoder for monitoring the rotation angle of the fins and guide vanes. The sensor assembly is used to feed the monitoring signals back to the control terminal, and the control terminal controls the operation of the first drive component and the second drive component respectively.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. This invention provides a river bend revetment structure based on water flow-sediment coupling. By coordinating the inlet fins and the combined guide plates at the bend end, and combining the principle of water flow-sediment coupling, it achieves active and precise control of the water flow pattern in the river bend. The fins guide the near-shore water flow at the inlet end to change its initial direction, reducing the direct impact on the bank slope at the bend end. The guide plates at the front and rear ends optimize the centrifugal flow pattern of the bend through adjustable angles, guiding the sediment carried by the water flow to naturally accumulate at the bank foot, forming a natural sediment protection layer. This transforms passive erosion prevention into active erosion prevention + sedimentation protection, significantly improving the long-term effectiveness and stability of the river bend revetment.

[0034] 2. This invention provides a river bend revetment structure based on water flow-sediment coupling. Through electric drive components such as motors, gears, racks, and electric push rods, combined with auxiliary structures such as locking racks and guide rails, it achieves precise electric control and stable locking of the angles of fins and guide plates. Several fins achieve synchronous deflection through rack-gear meshing, and the guide plate achieves stepless angle adjustment through the cooperation of the column and motor. Furthermore, the sliding plate adapts to the positional changes of the guide plate angle adjustment, ensuring the accuracy of drive control and the stability of the structure. At the same time, the mechanical locking structure effectively prevents the components from shifting due to water flow impact, improving the working reliability of the revetment structure.

[0035] 3. The present invention provides a river bend revetment structure based on water flow-sediment coupling. Through a sensor assembly consisting of a Doppler current profiler, an ultrasonic sediment thickness sensor, and a water level sensor, combined with a closed-loop control system and an adaptive control algorithm, the revetment structure achieves an automated adaptive cycle of perception, decision-making, and adjustment. The sensors capture data such as water flow, water level, sediment thickness, and component angles in real time. The control system dynamically adjusts the angle of the water flow control components according to hydrological parameters, adapting to changes in different hydrological conditions such as flood season and dry season, without the need for manual intervention, thus greatly improving the intelligence level and hydrological adaptability of the revetment structure. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the revetment provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure above the support platform provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the revetment provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the guide plate structure provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the side plate structure provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 Provided by the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0043] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0044] 1. Precast embankment; 101. Inlet end; 102. Curve section; 2. Support platform; 3. Protective cover; 4. Sensor assembly; 5. Tail end guide plate; 6. Guide rail; 7. Guide slide plate; 8. Sliding plate; 9. First gear; 10. Locking rack; 11. First electric push rod; 12. Second gear; 13. Fixing plate; 14. Motor; 15. Side plate; 16. Front end guide plate; 17. First column; 18. Second column; 19. Third column; 20. Fin; 21. Drive rack; 22. Third gear; 23. Fourth column; 24. Second electric push rod. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] Example 1: This Example 1 provides a riverbank protection structure based on flow-sediment coupling, such as... Figures 1-6 As shown. Includes:

[0047] A plurality of fins 20 are located at the water inlet 101 of the bend section 102 and are distributed on both sides of the river channel; at least one fin 20 is provided on the side wall of the river channel, and a plurality of fins 20 located on one side of the river channel are arranged sequentially along the length of the river channel.

[0048] A guide vane is erected in the middle of the river channel and located within the bend section 102, and the guide vane is arranged along the length of the river channel;

[0049] The fin 20 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the river channel and is driven to rotate by the first drive assembly so that the end of the fin 20 facing the bend section 102 can be screwed into the river channel.

[0050] The guide plate is rotatably connected to the middle of the river channel and is driven to rotate by the second drive assembly so that the end of the guide plate away from the water inlet 101 can rotate in the direction of both sides of the river channel.

[0051] Compared to existing technologies, where protective structures are typically passive erosion-resistant designs, which are not only costly and have poor long-term effectiveness, but are also prone to failure due to changes in hydrodynamics, this invention provides a river bend section 102 revetment structure based on water flow-sediment coupling. Using this solution, the fins 20 can guide the near-shore water flow at the inlet end 101 to change its initial direction, reducing the direct impact on the bend end bank slope. Furthermore, by optimizing the centrifugal flow state of the bend through the guide plate, the sediment carried by the water flow is guided to naturally accumulate at the bank foot, forming a natural sediment protection layer. This transforms passive erosion protection into active erosion protection plus sedimentation protection, significantly improving the long-term effectiveness and stability of the bend section 102 revetment. The specific design includes several fins 20 and guide plates, all located at the bend section 102 of the river channel. The fins 20 are located at the inlet end of the bend section 102 and are distributed on both sides of the inlet end. At least one fin 20 is provided on one side of the inlet end, and the fins 20 on the same side are evenly distributed along the length of the river channel. Since the end of the fin facing the bend section 102 can rotate into or out of the river channel, the fin 20 can serve as the core movable component for guiding the water flow at the inlet end 101. By driving the fin 20 to rotate and adjust the rotation angle through the first drive component, the direction and velocity of the near-shore water flow can be accurately guided, changing the initial flow state of the water entering the bend section 102 and reducing the direct impact of the water flow on the bank slope of the bend section 102. In addition, regarding the guide plate, it is installed inside the bend section 102, along the length of the bend section 102, and rotatably connected to the middle of the bend section 102. Therefore, the guide plate is rotated by the second drive component to adjust the left and right deflection angles, which can further buffer the water flow and optimize the centrifugal flow state of the bend, making the water flow state at the rear of the bend section 102 gentle. By adjusting the angle and the gap of water flow, the sediment carried by the water flow can be guided to accumulate at the foot of the bank, forming a natural sediment protection layer. This transforms passive erosion protection into active erosion protection + sedimentation protection, greatly improving the long-term effectiveness and stability of the bank protection of the bend section 102.

[0052] Example 2: This Example 2 is a further optimization of Example 1, to provide a combined flow guiding structure. For example... Figures 2-4 As shown.

[0053] To form a combined flow guiding structure for multiple flow guiding and buffering at different angles, especially under the impact of large water flow at sharp bends, the structure is configured to include at least two flow guiding plates, with several flow guiding plates arranged sequentially along the length of the river channel, and adjacent flow guiding plates are hinged to each other, with the hinge rotation direction being the same as the rotation direction of the flow guiding plate itself, and each flow guiding plate being able to rotate under the drive of the second drive assembly.

[0054] In this embodiment, as one implementation structure of the guide plate, there are two guide plates, namely a front guide plate 16 and a tail guide plate 5. A first column 17 is provided at the end of the front guide plate 16 away from the tail guide plate 5; a second column 18 is provided at the hinge position between the front guide plate 16 and the tail guide plate 5.

[0055] The first column 17 is rotatably connected to the river channel and can rotate around its own axis. The front guide plate 16 is fixedly connected to the first column 17. The second drive component can drive the first column 17 to rotate.

[0056] The second column 18 is fixedly mounted on the tail end guide plate 5, and the end of the front end guide plate 16 is rotatably sleeved on the second column 18; the second drive assembly can drive the second column 18 to rotate around its own axis. In this scheme, the first column 17 can serve as the rotation center point. Under the drive of the second drive assembly, the rotation of the first column 17 can drive the front end guide plate 16 to rotate, thereby adjusting its own deflection angle, so as a primary flow guiding component to guide the water flow in front of the bend section 102 and initially optimize the centrifugal flow state of the bend; after the front end guide plate 16 rotates into position, since the front end guide plate 16 is rotatably sleeved on the second column 18, the rotation of the second column 18 will not affect the front end guide plate 16, but will only drive the tail end guide plate 5 to rotate. When the front guide plate 16 has a poor buffering effect under the impact of large water flow, it drives the tail guide plate 5 to deflect at a larger deflection angle. As a secondary guide component for water flow regulation in the bend section 102, it is hinged with the front guide plate 16 to form an adjustable angle combined guide structure. By adjusting the relative angle between the two, the flow state of the water behind the bend section 102 is precisely optimized, and the sediment carried by the water flow is guided to accumulate at the foot of the bank. Of course, this solution is not limited to secondary guide, but can also be tertiary or quaternary guide, etc.

[0057] In this embodiment, as a specific driving method of the second driving component, a support platform 2 is provided across the upper end of the curved section 102, the support platform 2 is open in the middle, and a fixing plate 13 is provided at the open.

[0058] The second drive assembly includes two motors 14, which are respectively disposed on the upper ends of the first column 17 and the second column 18, and are used to drive the first column 17 and the second column 18 to rotate.

[0059] The motor 14 connected to the first column 17 is fixed to the support platform 2, and the motor 14 connected to the second column 18 is slidably connected to the support platform 2, with the sliding direction being the same as the movement direction of the second column 18. In this scheme, the second drive assembly includes two motors 14. One motor 14 is fixed to the support platform 2 to drive the first column 17 to rotate at a fixed point. Secondly, since the second column 18 will move with the deflection of the front guide plate 16, the other motor 14 needs to be slidably connected to the support platform 2 to adapt to the deflection position. Due to the limitation of the sliding connection, the other motor 14 can drive the second column 18 to rotate. The first column 17 serves as a vertical support for the front guide plate 16, and its upper end can be rotatably connected to the fixed plate 13 through a bearing, and / or its lower end can be rotatably connected to the bottom of the river channel.

[0060] In this embodiment, to facilitate installation and achieve deflection limiting, the fixing plate 13 is provided with a through hole, a first arc-shaped hole and a third arc-shaped hole;

[0061] The upper end of the first column 17 can pass through the through hole and connect to the output end of the fixed motor 14; the upper end of the second column 18 can pass through the first arc-shaped hole and connect to the output end of the sliding motor 14; the arc of the first arc-shaped hole is adapted to the moving path of the second column 18.

[0062] The second column 18 is connected to a motor 14 with a slider on one side. The slider is slidably connected to a third arc-shaped hole, and the centers of the third arc-shaped hole and the first arc-shaped hole are coaxial. In this design, a bearing can be installed at the through hole on the fixing plate 13 to facilitate rotatable connection with the first column 17. Its upper end passes through the bearing to connect with the output end of the fixed motor 14. The first arc-shaped hole corresponds to the position of the second column 18, and its width is slightly larger than the diameter of the second column 18, so that the upper end of the second column 18 can pass through and connect with the output end of the sliding motor 14. The first arc-shaped hole can limit the movement position of the second column 18. The third arc-shaped hole corresponds to the position of the slider on the motor 14. The slider on the motor 14 is L-shaped and can be slidably connected to the third arc-shaped hole. In this way, the motor 14 can move synchronously with the second column 18, and under the sliding limit action, it can drive the second column 18 to rotate.

[0063] In this embodiment, since the deflection center of the tail end guide plate 5 is not fixed, in order to limit the deflection of the tail end guide plate 5, the support platform 2 is provided with guide slide plates 7 on both sides of the fixed plate 13, and a sliding plate 8 is provided above the end of the fixed plate 13 away from its own through hole. The sliding plate 8 and the guide slide plate 7 are slidably connected, and the sliding direction is the length direction of the fixed plate 13; the sliding plate 8 is partially or entirely located outside the fixed plate 13.

[0064] The sliding plate 8, located outside the fixed plate 13, has a second arc-shaped hole. A third column 19 is located at the end of the tail-end guide plate 5 furthest from the front-end guide plate 16. The upper end of the third column 19 can extend upwards through the second arc-shaped hole, which is parallel to the first arc-shaped hole. In this design, the second column 18 serves as the power transmission carrier for driving the tail-end guide plate 5 to deflect. Since the deflection center of the tail-end guide plate 5 is not fixed, a sliding plate 8 is also provided. Guide rails 6 are provided on both sides of the sliding plate 8, and are slidably connected to the guide slide plates 7 on both sides of the fixed plate 13 via the guide rails 6 to reduce frictional resistance between the sliding plate 8 and the guide slide plates 7, ensuring smooth and stable sliding of the sliding plate 8. Thus, when the second column 18 moves along an arc, the tail-end guide plate 5, due to its length limitation, can drive the sliding plate 8 to slide freely, adapting to positional changes during guide plate angle adjustments.

[0065] In this embodiment, to lock the second column 18 and the third column 19 after they have moved into place and to ensure the stability of the guide plate angle after adjustment, the protruding part at the upper end of the third column 19 is fixedly fitted with a first gear 9, and the protruding part at the upper end of the second column 18 is fixedly fitted with a second gear 12; a first electric push rod 11 and a locking rack 10 are provided on the upper side of the fixed plate 13 and the sliding plate 8, and the locking rack 10 is arc-shaped and has the same curvature as the first arc-shaped hole;

[0066] The first electric push rod 11 on the fixed plate 13 is used to drive the locking rack 10 to move toward or away from the first arc-shaped hole, so that the locking rack 10 on the fixed plate 13 can engage or disengage with the second gear 12.

[0067] The first electric push rod 11 on the sliding plate 8 is used to drive the locking rack 10 to move closer to or away from the second arc-shaped hole, so that the locking rack 10 on the sliding plate 8 can engage or disengage with the first gear 9. In this scheme, the two first electric push rods 11 are fixed on the fixed plate 13 and the sliding plate 8 respectively, and each has a locking rack 10 at its output end. The locking rack 10 is arc-shaped to fit the arc-shaped hole at its respective position, and the side facing the gear is the tooth surface. The first electric push rod 11 can provide a power source for the horizontal sliding of the locking rack 10. When the column needs to move along the arc-shaped hole, the locking rack 10 is controlled to retract to disengage; when the column moves to the position, the locking rack 10 is controlled to extend to achieve engagement. Therefore, this scheme can realize the automatic locking and unlocking of the gear by driving the locking rack 10 closer to or away from the gear through the first electric push rod 11, improving the automation level of operation and ensuring the stability after the guide plate angle is adjusted.

[0068] Example 3: This Example 3 is a further optimization based on Example 1 or Example 2, and also provides a specific installation and driving method for the fin 20, such as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown.

[0069] In this embodiment, in order to shorten the construction period and provide a foundation for the installation of fins 20, a prefabricated embankment 1 and a side plate 15 are also included. The prefabricated embankment 1 is pre-embedded on both sides of the river channel. The prefabricated embankment 1 has a side plate 15 fixedly installed on the opposite side wall at the water inlet 101.

[0070] The side plate 15 has several grooves evenly distributed along its length, each groove accommodating a fin 20. In this design, the precast embankment 1 serves as the foundational load-bearing structure of the revetment. It is prefabricated in a factory, significantly shortening the on-site construction period and reducing disturbance to the river channel while ensuring structural strength and construction accuracy. Two precast embankments 1 are pre-embedded on both sides of the river channel, forming a symmetrical revetment frame for the bend section 102. This allows for simultaneous protection of both the concave and convex banks of the river, preventing flow imbalance caused by unilateral protection. The front end of the prefabricated embankment 1 is the inlet end 101, which is the entrance end for the river water to enter the bend section 102. It is a key position for regulating the initial flow pattern of the near-shore water flow and provides a basis for the installation of fins 20 and water flow guidance. The rear end of the prefabricated embankment 1 is the bend section 102, which is the core area where the water flow completes centrifugal turning and is a high-incidence area for bank slope erosion. It provides a carrier for the installation of guide plates and the optimization of the bend flow pattern. Side plates 15 are provided on opposite sides of the inlet ends 101 of the two prefabricated embankments 1. 5 provides a hinged mounting base for the fins 20, and at the same time, it provides initial constraint on the near-shore water flow at the inlet end 101 to prevent the water flow from spreading disorderly and to ensure the guiding effect of the fins 20 on the water flow. Several fins 20 are hingedly installed at the opposite ends of the two side plates 15. The fins 20 are the core movable components for guiding the water flow at the inlet end 101. By deflecting around the hinge axis to adjust the angle, they can accurately guide the direction and velocity of the near-shore water flow, change the initial flow state of the water flow entering the bend section 102, and reduce the direct impact of the water flow on the bank slope of the bend section 102.

[0071] In this embodiment, as a specific driving structure of a first driving component, a support platform 2 is provided across the upper end of the curved section 102, and a fourth column 23 is fixedly provided at one end of the fin 20 near the water inlet 101. The upper end of the fourth column 23 extends out of the support platform 2, and a third gear 22 is fixedly sleeved on the extended part.

[0072] The first drive assembly includes a drive rack 21 and a second electric push rod 24. Both sides of the support platform 2 are provided with drive racks 21 and electric push rods 24. The drive racks 21 are arranged along the length of the river channel, and the drive rack 21 on one side can mesh with each of the third gears 22 on that side. The second electric push rod 24 is used to drive the drive rack 21 to move along the length of the river channel. In this design, a fourth column 23 is provided on the top of each of the fins 20. The fourth column 23 provides a vertical power transmission carrier for the fins 20, passes through the support platform 2, and is rotatably connected to the support platform 2 via bearings. Its extension out of the support platform 2 achieves precise docking with the upper drive component of the support platform 2, ensuring the effectiveness of power transmission. A drive rack 21 is provided on the support platform 2, which can mesh with the third gears 22, converting the linear motion of the drive rack 21 into the rotational motion of the fourth column 23, thereby driving the fins 20 to deflect. One side of each of the third gears 22 meshes with the drive rack. The drive rack 21 provides synchronous driving power to all the third gears 22. The linear sliding of the drive rack 21 drives all the meshing third gears 22 to rotate synchronously, thereby achieving synchronous angle adjustment of several fins 20 and ensuring the consistency of water flow guidance at the inlet end 101. A second electric push rod 24 is provided at one end of the drive rack 21. The second electric push rod 24 provides the power source for the linear sliding of the drive rack 21. The extension and retraction of the electric push rod drives the drive rack 21 to slide back and forth, thereby precisely controlling the deflection angle of the fins 20 and realizing the automatic control of water flow guidance at the inlet end 101.

[0073] In this embodiment, a protective cover 3 is detachably installed on the top of the support platform 2 on the outer surface of the fixed plate 13. The protective cover 3 provides protection for mechanical components such as drives, gears, and locks on the support platform 2, isolating them from the erosion of rainwater, dust, and river water vapor, preventing the components from rusting and being damaged, and extending the service life of the equipment. The detachable design facilitates later maintenance and component repair. A sensor assembly 4 is set on the top of the support platform 2 on one side of the protective cover 3. The sensor assembly 4 provides real-time hydrological and structural status data for the automatic control of the bank protection structure. It is the core of realizing the adaptive cycle of "perception-decision-adjustment". Through the collaborative monitoring of multiple types of sensors, it provides accurate data support for water flow control.

[0074] In this embodiment, the sensor assembly 4 includes a Doppler current profiler for monitoring the velocity and direction of the river flow, an ultrasonic sedimentation thickness sensor for monitoring changes in sediment deposition thickness, a water level sensor for monitoring the river water level, and an angle sensor or angle encoder for monitoring the rotation angle of the fins 20 and the guide vanes. The sensor assembly 4 is used to feed the monitoring signals back to the control terminal, and the control terminal controls the operation of the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly respectively.

[0075] Example 4: Based on Example 1, Example 4 further provides a specific construction and monitoring control method for the revetment structure of river bend section 102 based on water flow-sediment coupling, including the following steps:

[0076] S1: Survey and Foundation Construction: Conduct hydrogeological surveys of the target river bend section 102. Through professional hydrogeological surveys, accurately obtain basic data such as the hydrodynamic characteristics, sediment content, bank slope geological conditions, and location of the concave bank scour point of bend section 102. This provides a scientific basis for the design, installation, and subsequent control of the revetment structure. It determines the concave bank scour point, the hydrodynamic axis, and the expected scour depth, and clarifies the core location with the highest scour risk and the main trajectory of water flow in bend section 102. This lays the foundation for the prefabrication of the embankment 1 and fins. 20. The precise positioning and installation of the guide plate provides a basis for the riverbed foundation treatment at the planned location. The riverbed foundation is treated by dredging, compaction, and reinforcement to improve the bearing capacity of the foundation and prevent the precast embankment 1 from being displaced or damaged due to foundation settlement. Two precast embankments 1 are pre-embedded on both sides of the river channel to ensure the accurate positioning of its inlet end 101 and bend section 102. The precise pre-embedding of the precast embankments 1 ensures the overall stability of the bank protection structure and the accuracy of component docking, laying the foundation for the subsequent installation and normal operation of the water flow control components.

[0077] S2: Installation of the main structure of the revetment: Install the side plates 15 and hinged fins 20 on the prefabricated revetment 1 to complete the installation of the water flow guiding foundation components at the inlet end 101, ensuring the flexibility of the hinged fins 20 and providing conditions for the initial guidance of the water flow. Install the front guide plate 16 and its hinged tail guide plate 5 inside the bend section 102 to complete the installation of the core components for water flow control in the bend section 102, ensuring the flexibility of the hinged guide plates and realizing the construction of the combined guide structure. Fix the first column 17, the second column 18, and the third column 19 to the two guide plates respectively, and jointly erect a support platform 2 on their tops. The vertical connection between the guide plate and the support platform 2 is realized through the columns, building a power transmission and support frame of "guide plate-column-support platform 2" to ensure the installation stability of the support platform 2.

[0078] S3: Installation of Drive and Control Mechanism: Install a sliding mechanism consisting of a fixed plate 13, a sliding plate 8, a guide rail 6, and a guide slide plate 7 on the support platform 2 to complete the installation of the basic sliding frame on the upper part of the support platform 2, ensuring the smoothness and accuracy of the sliding plate 8's sliding, and adapting to the positional changes of the guide plate angle adjustment. Install a drive motor 14, a first gear 9, a second gear 12, a locking rack 10, and a first electric push rod 11 to drive and lock the guide plate column, completing the installation of the electric drive and mechanical locking mechanism for the guide plate, realizing the electric precise control and stable locking of the guide plate angle after adjustment, preventing angle deviation. Install a drive rack 21, a third gear 22, a fourth column 23, and a second electric push rod 24 to control the synchronous deflection of the fins 20 on the side plate 15, completing the installation of the synchronous electric drive mechanism for the fins 20, realizing the synchronous angle adjustment of several fins 20, and ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the water flow guidance at the inlet end 101.

[0079] S4: Sensor Assembly 4 Installation and Debugging: Install sensor assembly 4 at the designated position on the support platform 2. Precisely install sensor assembly 4 in the preset position to ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the monitoring data. The sensor configuration and position are as follows: The Doppler current profiler is installed on the riverbed or side plate 15 in front of the inlet end 101 of the precast embankment 1 to monitor the velocity and direction of the incoming flow in real time, providing core input for the adjustment of fins 20 and guide plates. The Doppler current profiler accurately captures the dynamic parameters of the water flow at the inlet end 101, providing the most crucial hydrological data for the angle adjustment of the water flow guiding components. The ultrasonic sedimentation thickness sensor is installed on the backwater side of the tail end guide plate 5 facing the bank slope and at the bank foot foundation of the bend section 102 of the precast embankment 1, pointing vertically to the riverbed, to monitor the changes in sedimentation thickness behind the bank protection structure. The ultrasonic sedimentation thickness sensor monitors the sedimentation situation at the bank foot in real time, judges the sedimentation and erosion prevention effect, and provides a basis for adjusting the water flow control strategy. The water level sensor is installed on the support column or independent of the support platform 2. The observation piles are used to monitor the river water level, serving as the basis for determining the system's start-up, shutdown, and different operating modes. The water level sensor automatically switches between different operating modes, such as flood season and dry season, based on changes in the river water level, or realizes the automatic start-up and shutdown of the system, improving the intelligent adaptability of the bank protection structure. The tilt sensor / angle encoder is integrated at the hinge shaft of the front guide plate 16 and the tail guide plate 5, as well as at the hinge shaft of the fin 20, to provide real-time feedback on the actual angle position of each movable component, realizing closed-loop control. The tilt sensor / angle encoder captures the actual deflection angle of the fin 20 and the guide plate in real time, compares it with the preset angle to form closed-loop control, and ensures the accuracy of angle adjustment. After installation, all sensors, drive motors 14, and electric push rods are linked and debugged, the zero position is calibrated, and initial parameters and safety thresholds are set. The linkage debugging ensures the coordination and working stability of each sensor and drive component. The zero position calibration and parameter setting provide the basis for the automatic operation of the system, and the safety threshold prevents the components from being damaged due to over-range operation.

[0080] S5: System Integration and Trial Operation: Integrate the data from sensor assembly 4 into the control system to achieve real-time transmission of monitoring data and control commands, establishing an automated control system of "sensing-control-drive". Write or inject control algorithms. The core logic of the algorithm is: based on real-time monitoring of water flow direction by a Doppler current profiler and detection of sediment thickness by an ultrasonic sediment thickness sensor, dynamically adjust the angle of fin 20 to guide near-shore water flow, and coordinately adjust the relative angle of the front and rear guide plates 5 to optimize the flow pattern in bends, promote sedimentation at the bank's foot, and suppress scouring. The control algorithm provides the core logic for the system's automatic regulation, achieving precise regulation of the coupling between water flow and sediment. By actively guiding water flow, natural sediment deposition is achieved, forming an active bank protection system of "scour prevention + sedimentation". Trial operation is conducted during non-flood seasons or at low water levels to verify the coordination and effectiveness of the actions of each mechanism. Trial operation is conducted during periods of stable hydrological conditions to reduce debugging risks, while simultaneously verifying the working coordination and control effect of each component of the system, providing an optimization basis for formal operation.

[0081] S6: Monitoring, Operation, Maintenance, and Adjustment: Once the system is officially operational, it enters an adaptive cycle of "perception-decision-adjustment." Based on real-time monitoring data from sensors, the system automatically decides on control strategies, drives components to complete angle adjustments, and achieves adaptive bank protection without human intervention. Regular checks are performed on the accuracy of sensor data, the wear and tear of mechanical structures, and the energy supply status. Seasonal optimization adjustments are made to the control algorithm parameters. Regular maintenance ensures long-term stable operation of the system. Seasonally optimized algorithm parameters adapt to changes in hydrological characteristics across different seasons, improving the bank protection effect. Simultaneously, the system observes vegetation growth and siltation around the bank protection, assesses ecological effects, and balances engineering protection with ecological conservation. Siltation provides soil conditions for slope vegetation growth, achieving synergistic development between the bank protection structure and the river ecosystem.

[0082] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A riverbank protection structure based on flow-sediment coupling in a river bend, characterized in that, include: A number of fins (20) are located at the water inlet (101) of the bend section (102) and distributed on both sides of the river channel; at least one fin (20) is provided on the side wall of the river channel, and a number of fins (20) located on one side of the river channel are arranged sequentially along the length of the river channel. A guide plate is erected in the middle of the river channel and located in the bend section (102), the guide plate being arranged along the length of the river channel; The fin (20) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the river channel and is driven to rotate by the first drive assembly so that the end of the fin (20) facing the bend section (102) can be screwed into the river channel; The guide plate is rotatably connected to the middle of the river channel and is driven to rotate by the second drive assembly so that the end of the guide plate away from the water inlet (101) can rotate towards both sides of the river channel; It includes at least two guide plates, and several of the guide plates are arranged sequentially along the length of the river channel. Adjacent guide plates are hinged to each other, and the hinge rotation direction is the same as the rotation direction of the guide plate itself. Each guide plate can rotate under the drive of the second drive assembly. There are two guide plates, namely a front guide plate (16) and a tail guide plate (5). A first column (17) is provided at the end of the front guide plate (16) away from the tail guide plate (5). A second column (18) is provided at the hinge position between the front guide plate (16) and the tail guide plate (5). The first column (17) is rotatably connected to the river channel and can rotate around its own axis. The front guide plate (16) and the first column (17) are fixedly connected. The second drive component can drive the first column (17) to rotate. The second column (18) is fixedly mounted on the tail end guide plate (5), and the end of the front end guide plate (16) is rotatably sleeved on the second column (18); the second drive assembly can drive the second column (18) to rotate around its own axis.

2. The riverbank protection structure based on flow-sediment coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the curved section (102) is provided with a support platform (2), the support platform (2) is open in the middle, and a fixing plate (13) is provided at the open. The second drive assembly includes two motors (14), which are respectively disposed on the upper ends of the first column (17) and the second column (18) and are used to drive the first column (17) and the second column (18) to rotate. The motor connected to the first column (17) is fixed on the support platform (2), and the motor connected to the second column (18) is slidably connected to the support platform (2), and the sliding direction is the same as the moving direction of the second column (18).

3. A river bend revetment structure based on flow-sediment coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixing plate (13) has a through hole, a first arc-shaped hole and a third arc-shaped hole respectively; The upper end of the first column (17) can pass through the through hole and connect to the fixed motor output end; the upper end of the second column (18) can pass through the first arc hole and connect to the sliding motor output end; the arc of the first arc hole and the moving path of the second column (18) are adapted to each other. The second column (18) is connected to a motor side with a slider, which is slidably connected to the third arc hole, and the center of the third arc hole is coaxial with the center of the first arc hole.

4. A river bend revetment structure based on flow-sediment coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support platform (2) is provided with guide slides (7) on both sides of the fixed plate (13). A sliding plate (8) is provided above the end of the fixed plate (13) away from its through hole. The sliding plate (8) and the guide slides (7) are slidably connected, and the sliding direction is the length direction of the fixed plate (13). The sliding plate (8) is partially or entirely located outside the fixed plate (13). The sliding plate (8) outside the fixed plate (13) has a second arc-shaped hole. The tail end guide plate (5) away from the front end guide plate (16) has a third column (19). The upper end of the third column (19) can pass through the second arc-shaped hole upwards. The second arc-shaped hole and the first arc-shaped hole are parallel.

5. A river bend revetment structure based on flow-sediment coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper part of the third column (19) is fixedly fitted with a first gear (9), and the upper part of the second column (18) is fixedly fitted with a second gear (12); a first electric push rod (11) and a locking rack (10) are provided on the upper side of the fixed plate (13) and the sliding plate (8), and the locking rack (10) is arc-shaped and has the same curvature as the first arc-shaped hole; The first electric push rod (11) on the fixed plate (13) is used to drive the locking rack (10) to move toward or away from the first arc-shaped hole, so that the locking rack (10) on the fixed plate (13) can engage or disengage with the second gear (12); The first electric push rod (11) on the sliding plate (8) is used to drive the locking rack (10) to move toward or away from the second arc-shaped hole so that the locking rack (10) on the sliding plate (8) can engage or disengage with the first gear (9).

6. A river bend revetment structure based on flow-sediment coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes prefabricated embankments (1) and side panels (15), with prefabricated embankments (1) pre-embedded on both sides of the river channel; the prefabricated embankments (1) are fixedly provided with side panels (15) on the opposite side walls at the water inlet end (101). The side plate (15) has several grooves evenly distributed along its length, and each groove is used to accommodate a fin (20).

7. A river bend revetment structure based on flow-sediment coupling according to claim 6, characterized in that, The upper end of the curved section (102) is provided with a support platform (2), and the fin (20) is fixedly provided with a fourth column (23) at one end near the water inlet (101). The upper end of the fourth column (23) extends out of the support platform (2), and a third gear (22) is fixedly sleeved on the extending part. The first drive assembly includes a drive rack (21) and a second electric push rod (24). The drive rack (21) and the second electric push rod (24) are provided on both sides of the support platform (2). The drive rack (21) is arranged along the length of the river channel, and the drive rack (21) on one side can mesh with each third gear (22) on that side. The second electric push rod (24) is used to drive the drive rack (21) to move along the length of the river channel.

8. A river bend revetment structure based on flow-sediment coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, A support platform (2) is provided across the upper end of the curved section (102). A sensor assembly (4) is provided on the support platform (2). The sensor assembly (4) includes a Doppler current profiler for monitoring the velocity and direction of the river flow, an ultrasonic sedimentation thickness sensor for monitoring changes in sediment deposition thickness, a water level sensor for monitoring the river water level, and an inclination sensor or angle encoder for monitoring the rotation angle of the fins (20) and the guide vanes. The sensor assembly (4) is used to feed the monitoring signals back to the control terminal, and the control terminal controls the operation of the first drive component and the second drive component respectively.

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