Organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of organic solid waste resource processing, and more specifically, the present application provides a kind of organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device and method.The present application lifts the conveying belt by the cooperation of the vertical section and the inclined section of the bottom baffle, combines the scraping and shielding of residual material by the cleaning part, and the two-stage buffering of the buffer part, effectively avoids material cross-contamination and rebound splashing, significantly improves the purity of plastic and biomass after sorting;Multi-point array spectrum detection mechanism real-time acquisition infrared and Raman spectrum, and the proportioning controller automatically solves the best material proportioning based on error matrix model, realizes online, real-time, accurate closed-loop proportioning control.Mixed material composition is strictly controlled within the optimal proportioning boundary condition, combined with directional pyrolysis parameter regulation, so that the added value of product is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic solid waste resource utilization technology, and more specifically, to an organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Municipal solid waste contains a mixed and highly variable organic composition. Existing sorting technologies can only achieve rough separation of dry and wet or light and heavy components, failing to effectively separate biomass from plastics. This results in complex and unstable feedstock composition for subsequent pyrolysis, hindering the efficiency of resource recovery. On the other hand, traditional incineration-based treatment methods only reduce volume and weight, failing to fully exploit the resource value of organic solid waste. The large-scale mixing of biomass and plastics not only causes environmental pollution but also wastes potential energy and chemical raw materials.

[0003] The combined infrared and Raman spectroscopy identification technology offers the advantages of online, rapid, and accurate acquisition of material composition information. Applying this technology to the composition analysis of organic solid waste enables real-time identification and precise proportioning of biomass and plastics. However, existing technologies still have the following shortcomings: Most existing sorting equipment uses a single air-classification or sieving method, which is insufficient to completely separate lightweight plastics from heavy biomass. Furthermore, material residues and cross-contamination are prone to occur during the sorting process, affecting the accuracy of subsequent spectral detection. While some technologies incorporate spectral detection, the results are only used for offline analysis or manual judgment, failing to form a closed-loop control with the proportioning system and thus unable to achieve real-time, dynamic, and precise proportioning. Due to the unknown or fluctuating composition of the feed material, the pyrolysis temperature and residence time cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the material characteristics, resulting in pyrolysis oil with low calorific value, high water content, and high acid value; and pyrolysis coke with high ash content and low fixed carbon, making it difficult to meet industrial application standards.

[0004] To address the interconnected technological gaps in existing technologies, such as coarse sorting, unknown feed, inaccurate detection, and inefficient pyrolysis, there is an urgent need to develop a precise proportioning and directional pyrolysis system for organic solid waste based on dual-spectrum online identification. This system would classify and process biomass and plastics for resource utilization, producing coke and fuel oil respectively, and efficiently generating high-quality steelmaking coal. This would enhance product value and system energy efficiency, and could be applied to the steel industry and energy chemical industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide an organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device and method to solve the technical problems in the prior art, such as incomplete separation of biomass and plastics due to coarse sorting, failure of test results to form a closed loop control with proportioning, and low calorific value of oil and high ash content of coke due to unknown fluctuations in the composition of pyrolysis feed.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device, comprising a pyrolysis box and a pyrolysis furnace placed inside the pyrolysis box, further comprising: a first conveyor belt and a second conveyor belt disposed at the upper end of the pyrolysis box, wherein a sorting mechanism is also mounted above the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt, the sorting mechanism being used to sort the organic solid waste into light plastic-dominant materials and heavy biomass-dominant materials, wherein the lower end of the sorting mechanism has a light outlet and a heavy outlet;

[0007] The light outlet of the first conveyor belt docking with the sorting mechanism is used to convey plastic-dominant materials; the heavy outlet of the second conveyor belt docking with the sorting mechanism is used to convey biomass-dominant materials.

[0008] The spectral detection mechanism is set above the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt respectively, and is used to collect infrared spectral and Raman spectral data online;

[0009] The weighing and mixing mechanism is located below the ends of the first and second conveyor belts. It is used to receive the two materials, weigh them separately, and mix them according to the set ratio to form a homogeneous mixture.

[0010] The discharge port of the weighing and mixing mechanism is also connected to a third conveyor belt, the end of which is connected to the feed port of the pyrolysis furnace, which is used to pyrolyze the homogeneous mixture.

[0011] A further technical solution of this application: the sorting mechanism includes a sorting box, a feed cylinder provided at the feed inlet of the sorting box, and a crusher placed inside the feed cylinder.

[0012] The bottom of the sorting box is provided with a bottom partition plate, which includes a vertical section and an inclined section. The top of the inclined section is connected to the top of the vertical section, and a lifting conveyor belt is installed on the inclined section. A cleaning part is installed at the top of the vertical section of the bottom partition plate to clean the heavy materials remaining on the outside of the lifting conveyor belt.

[0013] The bottom partition divides the interior of the sorting box into a light-weight outlet channel and a heavy-weight outlet channel.

[0014] A blower is installed on the side wall of the sorting box away from the light outlet channel, and an exhaust fan is installed on the side wall of the sorting box near the light outlet channel.

[0015] The sorting box is equipped with a buffer section at the position corresponding to the heavy material outlet channel to buffer the falling heavy material.

[0016] A further technical solution of this application: the cleaning part includes a first rotating shaft, a scraping block, a baffle plate, a spring groove, and a spring spring;

[0017] The spring groove is located at the top of the vertical section and is equipped with a spring spring inside. One end of the scraping block is slidably installed inside the spring groove and connected to the spring spring. The other end of the scraping block abuts against the outside of the lifting conveyor belt to scrape off the remaining heavy material.

[0018] The first rotating shaft is installed on the side of the scraper block near the heavy outlet channel. One end of the baffle plate is connected to the first rotating shaft, and the other end of the baffle plate overlaps the outside of the vertical section.

[0019] A further technical solution of this application: the buffer part includes a first buffer plate, a second rotating shaft, a buffer groove, a buffer spring, and a second buffer plate;

[0020] The second rotating shaft is installed on the side of the bottom partition plate near the heavy outlet channel, and one end of the first buffer plate is rotatably installed in the heavy outlet channel through the second rotating shaft. A buffer groove is provided on the inner side of the sorting box corresponding to the end position of the first buffer plate. The end of the first buffer plate slides in the buffer groove. A buffer spring is also installed in the buffer groove, and the buffer spring is connected to the end of the first buffer plate.

[0021] One end of the second buffer plate is installed in the heavy outlet channel, and the second buffer plate is located below the first buffer plate and opposite to the first buffer plate;

[0022] Both the second and first buffer plates are tilted downwards.

[0023] A method for a directional proportioning pyrolysis device for organic solid waste includes the following steps:

[0024] Step S1: The organic solid waste is fed into the sorting mechanism, where it is crushed and separated into a light plastic-dominated material stream and a heavy biomass-dominated material stream by air separation. The materials are then spread evenly on the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt, and weighed.

[0025] Step S2: Two material streams continuously pass through the spectral detection mechanism, and infrared and Raman spectra are collected in real time. The mass fractions of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, aromatic plastics, and chain hydrocarbon plastics are analyzed by combining the pre-built database. According to the preset five-component optimal ratio boundary conditions, the error matrix of each component content and minimum and maximum values ​​is calculated. The error matrix equation is constructed and the combination of material piles that satisfy the equation is solved. The optimal ratio is determined with the goal of minimizing the weighted sum. Then, the mixture is fully stirred in the weighing and mixing mechanism to form a homogeneous mixture.

[0026] Step S3: The homogeneous mixture is fed into the pyrolysis furnace via the third conveyor belt for pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke, which are then recovered by cascade condensation to recover heavy oil, light oil and coke.

[0027] A further technical solution of this application: a blower uses density difference to blow lightweight plastic toward the lightweight outlet and heavy biomass into the heavy outlet, and an exhaust fan guides the lightweight plastic blown toward the lightweight outlet.

[0028] A further technical solution of this application: The error matrix in step S2 is calculated as follows:

[0029] Error matrix of each component and the minimum value for:

[0030] ;

[0031] Error matrix of each component and its maximum value for:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, ω ij1 m represents the actual mass fraction of component j in the i-th biomass pile. i Let ω be the mass of the i-th biomass pile. ij2 Let n be the actual mass fraction of component j in the i-th pile of plastics. i Let ω be the mass of the i-th pile of plastics. jmin and ω jmax These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the content of component j, respectively, and N1 and N2 are the number of piles of biomass and plastic materials, respectively.

[0034] Constructing equation μ j + λ j = ω jmax - ω jmin Given j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, solve for (N1, N2) when all 5 equations are true.

[0035] Let the weights of N1 and N2 be x1 and x2 respectively. Calculate f = x1N1 + x2N2. When f is the minimum, output N1 and N2 as the optimal ratio. Control the two materials to be fully mixed at room temperature according to the calculated pile number to form a stable homogeneous mixture.

[0036] A further technical solution of this application: the stepped condensation in step S3 is divided into: the first stage of condensation collects heavy oil, the second stage of condensation collects light oil; the remaining non-condensable pyrolysis gas is used for combustion to provide energy.

[0037] A further technical solution of this application: In step S3, nitrogen is used for cooling the pyrolysis coke, and the high-temperature nitrogen gas after heat absorption is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace as a protective gas and to maintain a low-oxygen environment.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages:

[0039] This invention utilizes the synergistic action of a crusher, lifting conveyor belt, blower, and exhaust fan in the sorting mechanism to effectively separate lightweight plastics from heavy biomass based on density differences. Simultaneously, a cleaning section is installed at the top of the vertical section of the bottom partition. A scraper block abuts against the outside of the lifting conveyor belt, scraping off any remaining heavy material, which is then blocked by a baffle plate to prevent it from falling into the cascading chamber and causing cross-contamination. A buffer section is installed in the heavy material outlet channel. Through two-stage buffering with a first and second buffer plate, heavy material is prevented from directly impacting the second conveyor belt and causing rebound splashing. This significantly improves the purity of the sorted plastic-dominant and biomass-dominant materials, laying the foundation for subsequent spectral detection and precise proportioning.

[0040] This invention employs a multi-point array-type spectral detection mechanism above both conveyor belts to acquire infrared and Raman spectra in real time. Combined with a pre-built database, the mass fractions of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, aromatic plastics, and chain hydrocarbon plastics are quickly analyzed. Based on the analysis results, the proportioning controller calculates the error matrix between each component and its minimum and maximum values ​​according to preset optimal proportioning boundary conditions for the five components. It then constructs the error matrix equation and solves for the optimal material proportions. This closed-loop control method allows the detection data to directly guide the proportioning action, avoiding the time lag and human error of offline analysis, and achieving truly accurate online real-time proportioning. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the sorting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the sorting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram at point B in the middle.

[0042] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Pyrolysis chamber; 2. First conveyor belt; 3. Second conveyor belt; 4. Sorting mechanism; 41. Sorting box; 42. Cleaning section; 421. First rotating shaft; 422. Scraper block; 423. Baffle plate; 424. Rebound groove; 425. Rebound spring; 43. Exhaust fan; 44. Bottom partition plate; 45. Crusher; 46. Feed cylinder; 47. Lifting conveyor belt; 48. Blowing fan; 49. Buffer section; 491. First buffer plate; 492. Second rotating shaft; 493. Buffer groove; 494. Buffer spring; 495. Second buffer plate; 5. Spectroscopic detection mechanism; 6. Shielding cover; 7. Weighing and mixing mechanism; 8. Third conveyor belt; 9. Pyrolysis furnace. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Please see Figures 1 to 6 In one embodiment of this application, an organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device includes a pyrolysis box 1 and a pyrolysis furnace 9 placed inside the pyrolysis box 1. It also includes a first conveyor belt 2 and a second conveyor belt 3, which are disposed on the upper end of the pyrolysis box 1. A sorting mechanism 4 is also mounted above the first conveyor belt 2 and the second conveyor belt 3. The sorting mechanism 4 is used to sort the organic solid waste into light plastic-dominated materials and heavy biomass-dominated materials. The lower end of the sorting mechanism 4 has a light outlet and a heavy outlet.

[0046] The first conveyor belt 2 connects to the light outlet of the sorting mechanism 4 and is used to convey plastic-dominated materials; the second conveyor belt 3 connects to the heavy outlet of the sorting mechanism 4 and is used to convey biomass-dominated materials.

[0047] The spectral detection mechanism 5 is respectively set above the first conveyor belt 2 and the second conveyor belt 3, and is used to collect infrared spectral and Raman spectral data online;

[0048] The weighing and mixing mechanism 7 is located below the ends of the first conveyor belt 2 and the second conveyor belt 3. It is used to receive the two materials, weigh them separately, and mix them according to the set ratio to form a homogeneous mixture.

[0049] The discharge port of the weighing and mixing mechanism 7 is also connected to a third conveyor belt 8. The end of the third conveyor belt 8 is connected to the feed port of the pyrolysis furnace 9, which is used to pyrolyze the homogeneous mixture.

[0050] Furthermore, the sorting mechanism 4 includes a sorting box 41, a feed cylinder 46 located at the feed inlet of the sorting box 41, and a crusher 45 placed inside the feed cylinder 46.

[0051] The bottom of the sorting box 41 is provided with a bottom partition 44, which includes a vertical section and an inclined section. The top of the inclined section is connected to the top of the vertical section, and a lifting conveyor belt 47 is installed on the inclined section. A cleaning part 42 is installed at the top of the vertical section of the bottom partition 44 for cleaning the heavy materials remaining on the outside of the lifting conveyor belt 47.

[0052] The bottom partition 44 divides the interior of the sorting box 41 into a light-weight outlet channel and a heavy-weight outlet channel.

[0053] A blower 48 is installed on the side wall of the sorting box 41 away from the light outlet channel, and an exhaust fan 43 is installed on the side wall of the sorting box 41 near the light outlet channel.

[0054] The sorting box 41 is equipped with a buffer section 49 at the position corresponding to the heavy material outlet channel to buffer the falling heavy material.

[0055] Furthermore, the cleaning unit 42 includes a first rotating shaft 421, a scraping block 422, a baffle plate 423, a spring groove 424, and a spring spring 425;

[0056] The spring groove 424 is located at the top of the vertical section and is equipped with a spring spring 425 inside. One end of the scraping block 422 is slidably installed inside the spring groove 424 and connected to the spring spring 425. The other end of the scraping block 422 abuts against the outside of the lifting conveyor belt 47 to scrape off the remaining heavy material.

[0057] The first rotating shaft 421 is installed on the side of the scraping block 422 near the heavy outlet channel. One end of the baffle plate 423 is connected to the first rotating shaft 421, and the other end of the baffle plate 423 overlaps the outside of the vertical section.

[0058] Furthermore, the buffer section 49 includes a first buffer plate 491, a second rotating shaft 492, a buffer groove 493, a buffer spring 494, and a second buffer plate 495;

[0059] The second rotating shaft 492 is installed on the side of the bottom partition 44 near the heavy outlet channel, and one end of the first buffer plate 491 is rotatably installed in the heavy outlet channel through the second rotating shaft 492. A buffer groove 493 is provided on the inner side of the sorting box 41 corresponding to the end position of the first buffer plate 491. The end of the first buffer plate 491 slides in the buffer groove 493. A buffer spring 494 is also installed in the buffer groove 493, and the buffer spring 494 is connected to the end of the first buffer plate 491.

[0060] One end of the second buffer plate 495 is installed in the heavy outlet channel, and the second buffer plate 495 is located below the first buffer plate 491 and opposite to the first buffer plate 491.

[0061] Both the second buffer plate 495 and the first buffer plate 491 are inclined downwards.

[0062] Furthermore, the lower end of the sorting box 41 is equipped with a shield 6 on the outside of both the light and heavy outlet channels.

[0063] In this embodiment, during operation, organic solid waste is fed into the feed cylinder 46 and crushed into particles with a diameter ≤10 cm by the crusher 45. The crushed material falls into the sorting box 41. Under the lateral airflow generated by the blower 48 and the suction of the exhaust fan 43, the lighter plastic with lower density is blown towards the light outlet channel of the sorting box 41 and falls onto the first conveyor belt 2 through the light outlet channel, forming a plastic-dominated material flow; the heavier biomass with higher density falls downward due to gravity, first landing on the lifting conveyor belt 47, and then being sent into the heavy outlet channel by the conveyor belt 47.

[0064] The lifting conveyor belt 47 runs upward along the inclined section of the bottom partition 44, lifting the heavy biomass to a certain height before dropping it. The dropped heavy material impacts the first buffer plate 491 and the second buffer plate 495 in sequence. Under the impact, the first buffer plate 491 swings around the second rotating shaft 492, compressing the buffer spring 494, thereby absorbing the kinetic energy of the falling material, slowing it down and allowing it to slide smoothly onto the second buffer plate 495. At the same time, it falls onto the second conveyor belt 3 via the second buffer plate 495, avoiding rebound and splashing caused by direct impact.

[0065] During the cyclic operation of the lifting conveyor belt 47, a small amount of heavy material may adhere to its outer surface. When the lifting conveyor belt 47 passes the top of the vertical section of the bottom partition plate 44, the scraping block 422 of the cleaning section 42, under the thrust of the rebound spring 425, remains in contact with the outer side of the lifting conveyor belt 47, scraping away the residual material. The scraped-off material is blocked by the baffle plate 423 and cannot fall into the light material outlet channel or the falling chamber. Instead, it is guided along the baffle plate 423 into the heavy material outlet channel, ensuring the purity of the sorting.

[0066] The first conveyor belt 2 and the second conveyor belt 3 respectively transport the plastic-dominant material and the biomass-dominant material forward. When they pass through the spectral detection mechanism 5, infrared and Raman probes collect the spectral information of the materials and transmit it to the spectral data processor for component analysis. After the two materials reach the end of the conveyor belts, they fall into the weighing and mixing mechanism 7. This mechanism calculates the optimal mixing ratio based on the analyzed component data and preset mixing boundary conditions, and dynamically adjusts the feed rate of the two materials according to this ratio, while simultaneously performing forced mixing to form a homogeneous mixture with uniform composition.

[0067] The homogeneous mixture is fed into the pyrolysis furnace 9 via the third conveyor belt 8, where it undergoes a pyrolysis reaction at 500 to 600°C to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke. The pyrolysis gas is condensed in stages to recover heavy oil and light oil respectively, and the remaining gas is used for combustion heating; the pyrolysis coke is collected after being cooled by nitrogen, and the nitrogen after absorbing heat is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 9 as a protective gas.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] like Figures 1-6 As shown, a method of the present invention applied to an organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device includes the following steps:

[0070] Step S1: The organic solid waste is fed into the sorting mechanism 4, where it is crushed and separated into a light plastic-dominated material stream and a heavy biomass-dominated material stream by air separation. The materials are then spread evenly on the first conveyor belt 2 and the second conveyor belt 3, and weighed.

[0071] Step S2: Two material streams continuously pass through the spectral detection mechanism 5, and infrared and Raman spectra are collected in real time. The mass fractions of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, aromatic plastics, and chain hydrocarbon plastics are analyzed by combining the pre-built database. According to the preset five-component optimal ratio boundary conditions, the error matrix of each component content and the minimum and maximum values ​​is calculated. The error matrix equation is constructed and the combination of material piles that satisfy the equation is solved. The optimal ratio is determined with the goal of minimizing the weighted sum. Then, the mixture is fully stirred in the weighing and mixing mechanism 7 to form a homogeneous mixture.

[0072] Step S3: The homogeneous mixture is fed into the pyrolysis furnace 9 via the third conveyor belt 8 for pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke, and then the heavy oil, light oil and coke are recovered by cascade condensation.

[0073] The specific workflow steps of this embodiment are as follows: Collected domestic waste is fed into the feed cylinder 46 and crushed by the crusher 45 to a diameter ≤10 cm; the crushed material falls into the sorting box 41, and under the action of the lateral airflow generated by the blower 48 and the exhaust fan 43, the lightweight plastic is blown to the lightweight outlet channel and falls into the first conveyor belt 2, while the heavy biomass falls into the heavy outlet channel; the heavy biomass first falls onto the lifting conveyor belt 47, is lifted to a certain height and then thrown down, and after being buffered by the first buffer plate 491 and the second buffer plate 495 of the buffer section 49, it falls smoothly into the second conveyor belt 3; the material remaining on the outside of the lifting conveyor belt 47 is scraped off by the scraper block 422 of the cleaning section 42, and the baffle plate 423 prevents the scraped material from falling into the falling chamber; the weighing and mixing mechanism 7 weighs the two materials respectively and records the quality data in real time. The materials on the first conveyor belt 2 and the second conveyor belt 3 continuously pass through the spectral detection mechanism 5, and the multi-point array probe simultaneously collects infrared and Raman spectral data. The spectral data processor compares the measured spectra with the pre-built database and analyzes the mass fractions of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, aromatic plastics, and chain hydrocarbon plastics. According to the five-component optimal ratio boundary conditions preset in Table 1, the error matrix of each component content and the minimum and maximum values ​​is calculated, the error matrix equation is constructed, the optimal ratio is solved, and then the mixture is fully stirred in the weighing and mixing mechanism 7 to form a homogeneous mixture.

[0074] Table 1 Boundary conditions for homogeneous raw material composition

[0075] The error matrix in step S2 is calculated as follows:

[0076] Error matrix of each component and the minimum value for:

[0077] ;

[0078] Error matrix of each component and its maximum value for:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, ω ij1 m represents the actual mass fraction of component j in the i-th biomass pile. i Let ω be the mass of the i-th biomass pile. ij2 Let n be the actual mass fraction of component j in the i-th pile of plastics. i Let ω be the mass of the i-th pile of plastics. jmin and ω jmax These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the content of component j, respectively, and N1 and N2 are the number of piles of biomass and plastic materials, respectively.

[0081] Constructing equation μ j + λ j = ω jmax - ω jmin Given j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, solve for N1 and N2 when all 5 equations are true;

[0082] Let the weights of N1 and N2 be x1 and x2 respectively. Calculate f = x1N1 + x2N2. When f is the minimum, output N1 and N2 as the optimal ratio. Control the two materials to be fully mixed at room temperature according to the calculated pile number to form a stable homogeneous mixture.

[0083] The homogeneous mixture is fed into the pyrolysis furnace 9 via the third conveyor belt 8, where it is pyrolyzed at 500 to 600°C for 0.5 hours to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke. After dust removal by a high-temperature cyclone separator, the pyrolysis gas enters the first-stage condenser to collect heavy oil, and then enters the second-stage condenser to collect light oil. The remaining non-condensable gases are sent to the pyrolysis furnace burner for energy supply. The pyrolysis coke falls into the cooler, where it is cooled by nitrogen gas. The high-temperature nitrogen gas, after absorbing heat, is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 9 as a protective gas and to maintain a low-oxygen environment.

[0084] Comparative Example

[0085] Using the same municipal solid waste as in Example 2 as the raw material, but without undergoing the sorting, spectral detection, and proportioning treatment of this invention, the waste was directly fed into a pyrolysis furnace and pyrolyzed under the same conditions (500 to 600°C, 0.5 h). The performance of the resulting products is compared as follows:

[0086] Table 2 Comparison of pyrolysis product yields

[0087] Table 3 Fuel Quality Comparison

[0088]

[0089] Table 4 Comparison of Coke Quality

[0090]

[0091] As shown in Tables 2 to 4, after adopting the system and method of this invention, the fuel oil yield increased by 59%, the calorific value reached 33 MJ / kg, the flash point was >60℃, and the water content was significantly reduced; all indicators of coke met the first-grade metallurgical coke standard, with fixed carbon ≥85%, ash content ≤5%, and sulfur content ≤0.40%; and the profit per ton of raw materials increased by about 80.5%.

[0092] In summary, this invention effectively avoids cross-contamination and splashing by using the vertical and inclined sections of the bottom partition to lift the conveyor belt, combined with the scraping and shielding of residual materials by the cleaning section, and the two-stage buffering of the buffer section, significantly improving the purity of the sorted plastics and biomass. The multi-point array spectral detection mechanism collects infrared and Raman spectra in real time, and the proportioning controller automatically solves the optimal material ratio based on the error matrix model, achieving online, real-time, and precise closed-loop proportioning control. By strictly controlling the composition of the mixture within the optimal proportioning boundary conditions, combined with directional pyrolysis parameter adjustment, the added value of the product is significantly increased. The pyrolysis gas is staged and condensed to recover heavy and light oils, and the remaining gas is self-powered; the sensible heat of the pyrolysis coke nitrogen is recovered and used for preheating the protective gas, resulting in high system energy efficiency. From sorting, detection, proportioning, mixing to pyrolysis, the entire process is integrated into one continuous flow, requiring no manual intervention, making it suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

[0093] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0094] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device, comprising a pyrolysis box (1) and a pyrolysis furnace (9) placed inside the pyrolysis box (1), characterized in that, Also includes: The first conveyor belt (2) and the second conveyor belt (3) are set at the upper end of the pyrolysis box (1). A sorting mechanism (4) is also set above the first conveyor belt (2) and the second conveyor belt (3). The sorting mechanism (4) is used to sort organic solid waste into light plastic-dominated materials and heavy biomass-dominated materials. The lower end of the sorting mechanism (4) has a light outlet and a heavy outlet. The first conveyor belt (2) is connected to the light outlet of the sorting mechanism (4) for conveying plastic-dominant materials; the second conveyor belt (3) is connected to the heavy outlet of the sorting mechanism (4) for conveying biomass-dominant materials. The spectral detection mechanism (5) is set above the first conveyor belt (2) and the second conveyor belt (3) respectively, and is used to collect infrared and Raman spectral data online; The weighing and mixing mechanism (7) is located below the ends of the first conveyor belt (2) and the second conveyor belt (3) to receive the two materials, weigh them separately, and mix them according to the set ratio to form a homogeneous mixture. The outlet of the weighing and mixing mechanism (7) is also connected to a third conveyor belt (8), the end of which is connected to the inlet of the pyrolysis furnace (9), which is used to pyrolyze the homogeneous mixture.

2. The organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sorting mechanism (4) includes a sorting box (41), a feed cylinder (46) provided at the feed inlet of the sorting box (41), and a crusher (45) placed inside the feed cylinder (46). The bottom of the sorting box (41) is provided with a bottom partition (44), which includes a vertical section and an inclined section. The top of the inclined section is connected to the top of the vertical section, and a lifting conveyor belt (47) is installed on the inclined section. A cleaning part (42) is installed at the top of the vertical section of the bottom partition (44) for cleaning the heavy materials remaining on the outside of the lifting conveyor belt (47). The bottom partition (44) divides the interior of the sorting box (41) into a light outlet channel and a heavy outlet channel. A blower (48) is installed on the side wall of the sorting box (41) away from the light outlet channel, and an exhaust fan (43) is installed on the side wall of the sorting box (41) near the light outlet channel. The sorting box (41) is equipped with a buffer section (49) at the position corresponding to the heavy material outlet channel to buffer the falling heavy material.

3. The organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cleaning section (42) includes a first rotating shaft (421), a scraping block (422), a baffle plate (423), a spring groove (424), and a spring spring (425). The spring groove (424) is located at the top of the vertical section and is equipped with a spring spring (425). One end of the scraping block (422) is slidably installed inside the spring groove (424) and connected to the spring spring (425). The other end of the scraping block (422) abuts against the outside of the lifting conveyor belt (47) to scrape off the remaining heavy material. The first rotating shaft (421) is installed on the side of the scraping block (422) near the heavy outlet channel. One end of the baffle plate (423) is connected to the first rotating shaft (421), and the other end of the baffle plate (423) overlaps the outside of the vertical section.

4. The organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The buffer section (49) includes a first buffer plate (491), a second rotating shaft (492), a buffer groove (493), a buffer spring (494), and a second buffer plate (495). The second rotating shaft (492) is installed on the side of the bottom partition (44) near the heavy outlet channel, and one end of the first buffer plate (491) is rotatably installed in the heavy outlet channel through the second rotating shaft (492). A buffer groove (493) is provided on the inner side of the sorting box (41) corresponding to the end position of the first buffer plate (491). The end of the first buffer plate (491) slides in the buffer groove (493). A buffer spring 494 is also installed in the buffer groove (493), and the buffer spring 494 is connected to the end of the first buffer plate (491). One end of the second buffer plate (495) is installed in the heavy outlet channel, and the second buffer plate (495) is located below the first buffer plate (491) and opposite to the first buffer plate (491); Both the second buffer plate (495) and the first buffer plate (491) are set to tilt downwards.

5. The organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower end of the sorting box (41) is equipped with a shield (6) on the outside of both the light and heavy outlet channels.

6. A method applied to an organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: The organic solid waste is fed into the sorting mechanism (4), and after crushing and air separation, it is separated into a light plastic-dominated material flow and a heavy biomass-dominated material flow, which are spread on the first conveyor belt (2) and the second conveyor belt (3) respectively, and weighed. Step S2: Two material streams continuously pass through the spectral detection mechanism (5), and infrared and Raman spectra are collected in real time. The mass fractions of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, aromatic plastics, and chain hydrocarbon plastics are analyzed by combining the pre-built database. According to the preset five-component optimal ratio boundary conditions, the error matrix of each component content and the minimum and maximum values ​​is calculated. The error matrix equation is constructed and the combination of material piles that satisfy the equation is solved. The optimal ratio is determined with the goal of minimizing the weighted sum. Then, the mixture is fully stirred in the weighing and mixing mechanism (7) to form a homogeneous mixture. Step S3: The homogeneous mixture is fed into the pyrolysis furnace (9) via the third conveyor belt (8) for pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis coke, and then the heavy oil, light oil and coke are recovered by cascade condensation.

7. The method of an organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The blower (48) uses density difference to blow lightweight plastic toward the lightweight outlet and heavy biomass into the heavy outlet, and the exhaust fan (43) guides the lightweight plastic blown toward the lightweight outlet.

8. The method for a directional proportioning pyrolysis device for organic solid waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The error matrix in step S2 is calculated as follows: Error matrix of each component and the minimum value for: ； Error matrix of each component and its maximum value for: ； In the formula, ω ij1 m represents the actual mass fraction of component j in the i-th biomass pile. i Let ω be the mass of the i-th biomass pile. ij2 Let n be the actual mass fraction of component j in the i-th pile of plastics. i Let ω be the mass of the i-th pile of plastics. jmin and ω jmax These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the content of component j, respectively, and N1 and N2 are the number of piles of biomass and plastic materials, respectively. Constructing equation μ j + λ j = ω jmax - ω jmin Given j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, solve for (N1, N2) when all 5 equations are true. Let the weights of N1 and N2 be x1 and x2 respectively. Calculate f = x1N1 + x2N2. When f is the minimum, output N1 and N2 as the optimal ratio. Control the two materials to be fully mixed at room temperature according to the calculated pile number to form a stable homogeneous mixture.

9. The method of an organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The stepped condensation in step S3 is divided into: the first stage of condensation collects heavy oil, the second stage of condensation collects light oil; the remaining non-condensable pyrolysis gas is used for combustion to provide energy.

10. The method of an organic solid waste directional proportioning pyrolysis device according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, nitrogen is used to cool the pyrolysis coke, and the high-temperature nitrogen gas after heat absorption is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace (9) as a protective gas and to maintain a low-oxygen environment.

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