A crankshaft unit, an aeroengine and an aircraft

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of crankshaft units, aero-engine and aircraft, belong to aerospace technology field, when flexible disc is directly connected with starter, the problem that the rotation moment of flexible disc is big, the gear of starter is easy to impact with starting gear ring at initial meshing moment, bring strong vibration and damage starting gear ring is solved.The present application includes crankshaft and flexible disc;Flexible disc is set to one end of crankshaft;Flexible disc includes disc body and starting gear ring being set to the edge of disc body along circumference;Starting gear ring is used to mesh with the gear of starter;Wherein, starting gear ring includes multiple sections being distributed along circumference, adjacent section can relatively move.The present application reduces the impact and vibration generated when the gear of starter is meshed with starting gear ring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerospace technology, and more particularly to a crankshaft unit, an aero-engine, and an aircraft. Background Technology

[0002] As the core power component of aviation equipment, aero engines have long development cycles, high technological barriers, and expensive manufacturing costs. Compared to dedicated aero engines, automotive engines have a significant cost advantage; however, automotive engines are too heavy and vibrate excessively, making them unsuitable for direct use in aero engines. By not using a flywheel and directly connecting the flexible disc to the starter motor, the high torque of the flexible disc can cause the starter gear to impact the starting gear ring at the initial engagement, leading to strong vibrations and the risk of damage to the gear ring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a crankshaft unit, an aero-engine, and an aircraft to solve the problem that when the flexible disk is directly connected to the starter, the large rotational torque of the flexible disk makes it easy for the starter gear to impact the starting gear ring at the moment of initial engagement, which will bring strong vibration and damage to the gear ring.

[0004] In one aspect, the present invention provides a crankshaft unit, including a crankshaft and a flexible disk; the flexible disk is disposed at one end of the crankshaft; The flexible disc includes a disc body and a starting gear ring disposed circumferentially on the edge of the disc body; the starting gear ring is used to mesh with the gear of the starter motor; The starting gear ring includes multiple segments distributed circumferentially, and adjacent segments can move relative to each other.

[0005] Furthermore, the starting gear ring slides in conjunction with the disc body.

[0006] Furthermore, an arc-shaped groove is provided on the side of the starting gear ring that is connected to the disc body, and a corresponding protrusion is provided on the circumference of the disc body. The protrusion can extend into the arc-shaped groove, and the arc-shaped groove can slide on the protrusion.

[0007] Furthermore, the side of the starting gear ring connected to the disc body is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion, and the disc body is provided with a corresponding groove in the circumference. The arc-shaped protrusion can extend into the groove and slide along the groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the length of the arc-shaped groove is greater than the length of the protrusion.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a first damping structure; The first shock-absorbing structure is disposed between the disc body and the starting gear ring.

[0010] Furthermore, the number of the segments is an integer multiple of the number of piston impact phases of the engine.

[0011] Furthermore, the number of segments is four.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides an aircraft engine including the aforementioned crankshaft unit.

[0013] A third aspect of the invention provides an aircraft including the aforementioned aircraft engine.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared with existing technologies, this invention omits the heavy flywheel and replaces it with a flexible disc that directly connects to the engine's starter, simplifying the crankshaft unit and engine structure, and reducing the overall weight and manufacturing cost of the crankshaft unit and engine. To address the problem of impact, strong vibration, and damage to the starter gear ring caused by the meshing of the starter gear and starter ring gear, this invention sets the starter ring gear into multiple circumferentially distributed segments. These segments can move relative to each other. When the starter ring gear in one segment experiences a meshing impact, this segment moves to an adjacent segment, and the adjacent segments subsequently move to their neighboring segments, thereby dispersing the impact from the starter gear.

[0015] 2. In this invention, the starting gear ring has a groove, and the disc body has a protrusion, forming a sliding fit. The protrusion includes a first protrusion and a second protrusion, with the first protrusion being higher than the second protrusion. The first and second protrusions are alternately arranged. The first shock-absorbing structure is a rubber block, which is disposed in the grooves at both ends of the first protrusion. When the starting gear ring slides to the point where the first protrusion contacts or approaches the end of the arc-shaped groove, the rubber block is first compressed, thereby absorbing impact energy and preventing rigid collision between the first protrusion and the arc-shaped groove. Since the rubber block is disposed at the end of the first protrusion, it can provide buffering at the end of the sliding stroke, reducing end impact noise and impact damage.

[0016] 3. In order to avoid collisions between two adjacent sections when they slide against each other, causing additional impact and vibration, the length of the rubber block after compression is greater than the length of the first groove in this embodiment. So when the section corresponding to the second protrusion slides to the section corresponding to the adjacent first protrusion, the rubber block is compressed and a gap can be formed between the adjacent sections.

[0017] 4. In this invention, the flexible disc is mounted on the crankshaft. After the starter motor starts the engine, the teeth on the flexible disc gear ring disengage from the starter motor gear. When the crankshaft experiences torsional vibration after the engine rotates, the second damping structure achieves dual-sided damping for both acceleration and deceleration. When the crankshaft accelerates, it drives the disc to accelerate. At this time, the speed of the disc is greater than the speed of the starter gear ring. The first and second damping structures form a damping buffer to cushion the vibration and impact caused by the crankshaft acceleration, reducing the impact and vibration transmitted to the starter gear ring. When the crankshaft decelerates, the speed of the disc decreases. At this time, the speed of the starter gear ring is greater than the speed of the disc. The first and second damping structures form a damping buffer to cushion the vibration of the starter gear ring, thus forming a bidirectional buffer.

[0018] 5. In this invention, the number of sections corresponds to the number of piston impact phases in the engine and can be an integer multiple of the number of piston impact phases. Furthermore, during engine piston impact, the impact is located in the middle of the corresponding section, achieving optimal matching of the impact load and the damping structure in both phase and position. The impact being located in the middle of the section ensures that energy is evenly transferred to the second damping structures at both ends, resulting in symmetrical force on both sides and synchronous compression of the damping structures. This maximizes the absorption efficiency of impact energy, avoids unilateral overload and section skew, and further improves the damping effect and operational stability of the flexible damping disc.

[0019] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the starter and crankshaft unit. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shock-absorbing flexible disc; Figure 3 A partial structural diagram of the starting gear ring; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second damping structure and the disc (partial). Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the first and second damping structures. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second groove and the T-shaped head; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second damping structure; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the T-shaped head. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first and second damping structures.

[0021] Figure label: 1-Flexible disc; 11-Disc body; 111-First protrusion; 1111-First groove; 112-Second protrusion; 12-Starting gear ring; 121-Arc-shaped groove; 122-Second groove; 13-First shock-absorbing structure; 14-Second shock-absorbing structure; 141-T-shaped head; 142-Spring; 2-Crankshaft; 3-Starter motor; 31-Gear. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1 This invention discloses a crankshaft unit, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a crankshaft 2 and a flexible disk 1. The flexible disk 1 includes a disk body 11 and a starting gear ring 12 arranged circumferentially on the edge of the disk body 11. The starting gear ring 12 is used to mesh with the gear 31 of the starter 3. The flexible disk 1 is sleeved on one end of the crankshaft 2.

[0024] The starting gear ring 12 includes multiple segments distributed circumferentially, and adjacent segments can move relative to each other.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, this embodiment omits the heavy flywheel and replaces it with a flexible disk 1 that is directly connected to the starter 3 of the engine, which simplifies the crankshaft unit and engine structure and reduces the overall weight and manufacturing cost of the crankshaft unit and engine.

[0026] In existing technology, the crankshaft unit uses a heavy flywheel connected to the starter motor, which serves both inertial and starting purposes. In this embodiment, to adapt a vehicle engine for use in an aircraft engine, the flywheel is removed, allowing the flexible disk 1 to be directly connected to the starter motor 3. The gear 31 of the starter motor 3 directly meshes with the starting gear ring 12 of the flexible disk 1 to start the engine. Due to the large rotational torque of the flexible disk 1, the gear 31 of the starter motor 3 is prone to impact with the starting gear ring 12 at the initial engagement moment, which can lead to strong vibrations and the risk of damaging the gear ring.

[0027] To address the issue of impact, strong vibration, and risk of damage to the gear ring 12 when the gear 31 of the starter 3 meshes with it, this embodiment sets the starter gear ring 12 into multiple segments distributed circumferentially. These segments can move relative to each other. When the starter gear ring 12 in one segment is subjected to meshing impact, this segment moves to the adjacent segment, and the adjacent segment moves to its neighboring segment in turn, thereby dispersing the impact from the gear 31 of the starter 3.

[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the starting gear ring 12 includes multiple segments distributed circumferentially. These segments can move relative to each other. Compared to the entire starting gear ring 12, it can disperse the circumferential impact energy generated by the meshing of the gear 31 of the starter 3 to the segments, thereby reducing the peak stress of the gear ring.

[0029] For example, the starting gear ring 12 is slidably connected to the disc body 11.

[0030] As one possible embodiment, the side of the starting gear ring 12 connected to the disc body 11 is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion, and the disc body 11 is provided with an arc-shaped groove in the circumference. The arc-shaped protrusion can extend into the arc-shaped groove and slide along the arc-shaped groove.

[0031] As another possible implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, an arc-shaped groove 121 is provided on the side where the starting gear ring 12 connects to the disc body 11, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the disc body 11 is provided with a protrusion in the circumferential direction. The protrusion can extend into the arc-shaped groove 121, and the arc-shaped groove 121 slides on the protrusion.

[0032] In this embodiment, the starting gear ring 12 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 121, and the disc body 11 is provided with a protrusion, and the length of the arc-shaped groove 121 is greater than the length of the protrusion.

[0033] To further reduce the vibration of the starting gear ring, a first damping structure 13 is provided between the starting gear ring 12 and the disc body 11, and a second damping structure 14 is provided between adjacent sections.

[0034] Furthermore, in order to solve the problems of impact vibration transmitted from the starter gear ring 12 to the disc body 11 during the start-up process and vibration transmitted from the disc body 11 to the starter gear ring 12 when the crankshaft 2 vibrates, this embodiment provides a first damping structure 13 at both ends of the arc-shaped groove 121 to buffer the vibration transmission between the starter gear ring 12 and the disc body 11, reduce the impact caused by the meshing of the starter gear 31 on the disc body 11 during the start-up process and the impact transmitted from the disc body 11 to the starter gear ring 12 when the crankshaft 2 vibrates.

[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 4As shown, the protrusions include a first protrusion 111 and a second protrusion 112. The height of the first protrusion 111 is greater than that of the second protrusion 112, and the first protrusion 111 and the second protrusion 112 are alternately arranged. Correspondingly, in the starting gear ring 12, the groove depth corresponding to the first protrusion 111 is greater than the groove depth corresponding to the second protrusion 112.

[0036] The two ends of the first protrusion 111 are respectively provided with a first groove 1111, and a first damping structure 13 is provided in each of the first grooves 1111. Preferably, the bottom height of the first groove 1111 is the same as the height of the second protrusion 112, so as to avoid impact or jamming caused by sudden height change, thereby ensuring that the sliding process of the starting gear ring 12 relative to the disc body 11 is continuous and smooth, and further improving the motion stability of the damping flexible disc 1 during operation.

[0037] For example, the first damping structure 13 is a rubber block, which acts as a buffer at the extreme position of the relative movement between the protrusion and the arc-shaped groove 121. When the starting gear ring 12 slides to the point where the first protrusion 111 contacts or approaches the end of the arc-shaped groove 121, the rubber block is first compressed, thereby absorbing the impact energy and preventing a rigid collision between the first protrusion 111 and the arc-shaped groove 121. Since the rubber block is located at the end of the first protrusion 111, it can provide buffering at the end of the sliding stroke, reducing end impact noise and impact damage.

[0038] Furthermore, in order to address the problem of additional impact and vibration caused by collisions when two adjacent sections slide against each other, such as... Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the length of the compressed rubber block is greater than the length of the first groove 1111. Therefore, when the segment corresponding to the second protrusion 112 slides towards the adjacent segment corresponding to the first protrusion 111, a gap can be formed between the adjacent segments after the rubber block is compressed. For example, the gap is 0.1-0.2 mm.

[0039] Furthermore, in order to solve the problem of circumferential vibration generated by the starting gear ring 12 itself and relative torsional vibration between adjacent sections, this embodiment provides a second damping structure 14 in the adjacent sections of the starting gear ring 12, so that the starting gear ring 12 is not a rigid whole in the circumferential direction, but is composed of multiple sections flexibly connected by the damping structure, thereby absorbing and attenuating the circumferential vibration generated by the starting gear ring 12 itself and the relative torsional vibration between adjacent sections.

[0040] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, each segment has a second groove 122 at its end. The second grooves 122 of adjacent segments are interconnected to form a space for accommodating the second damping structure 14, reducing the risk of the second damping structure 14 shifting or falling off during operation. Exemplarily, the second damping structure 14 is a spring 142. When adjacent segments are relatively close, the spring 142 is compressed and stores elastic potential energy; when they are relatively far apart, it releases energy to push the segments back to their original position.

[0041] The flexible disc 1 is mounted on the crankshaft 2. After the starter 3 starts the engine, the teeth on the starting gear ring 12 of the flexible disc 1 disengage from the gear 31 of the starter 3. When the crankshaft 2 experiences torsional vibration after the engine starts rotating, the second damping structure 14 provides dual-sided damping for both acceleration and deceleration. When the crankshaft 2 accelerates, it drives the disc body 11 to accelerate. At this time, the speed of the disc body 11 is greater than the speed of the starting gear ring 12. The first damping structure 13 and the second damping structure 14 dampen and buffer the vibration and impact caused by the acceleration of the crankshaft 2, reducing the impact and vibration transmitted to the starting gear ring 12. When the crankshaft 2 decelerates, the speed of the disc body 11 decreases. At this time, the speed of the starting gear ring 12 is greater than the speed of the disc body 11. The first damping structure 13 and the second damping structure 14 dampen and buffer the vibration of the starting gear ring 12, thus forming a two-way buffer.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, a T-shaped head 141 is provided in the second groove 122, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the T-head 141 has a small end and a large end, with the small end facing the adjacent section. (As...) Figure 8 As shown, the spring 142 is sleeved on the small ends of the two T-heads 141, and the small ends of the two T-heads 141 support the spring 142.

[0043] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 As shown, the second groove 122 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the starting gear ring 12, providing independent damping and reset functions on each side of the starting gear ring 12, reducing the risk of section skewing or jamming due to unilateral force. At the same time, the symmetrical structure ensures that adjacent sections are balanced in force during relative sliding, reducing the additional bending moment and torsional tendency of the sections in the circumferential direction, thereby improving the overall smoothness of movement and structural stability of the starting gear ring 12.

[0044] Preferably, to achieve better vibration damping, the number of sections corresponds to the number of piston impact phases of the engine and can be an integer multiple of the number of piston impact phases. In this embodiment, the number of piston impact phases refers to the number of phases in which the piston of each cylinder impacts the crankshaft within one working cycle. Furthermore, during engine piston impact, the impact is located in the middle of the corresponding section, achieving optimal matching of the impact load and the damping structure in both phase and position. The impact being located in the middle of the section allows energy to be evenly transferred to the second damping structures 14 at both ends, resulting in symmetrical force on both sides and synchronous compression of the damping structures. This maximizes the absorption efficiency of impact energy, avoids unilateral overload and section skew, and further improves the vibration damping effect and operational stability of the damping flexible disc 1.

[0045] For example, in a four-stroke piston engine, the number of sections of the starting gear ring 12 is preferably four.

[0046] In this embodiment, the starting gear ring 12 of the flexible disk 1 is arranged in circumferential segments and can move relative to each other to disperse the impact between the gear 31 of the starter 3 and the starting gear ring 12. A second damping structure 14 is arranged between adjacent segments of the starting gear ring 12, and multiple segments are flexibly connected by the second damping structure 14. The circumferential impact generated by the gear 31 of the starter 3 at the moment of meshing is buffered by the second damping structure 14. A first damping structure 13 is arranged between the starting gear ring 12 and the disk body 11 to buffer the vibration transmission between the starting gear ring 12 and the disk body 11. Thus, through the segmentation of the starting gear ring 12 and the synergistic effect of the first damping structure 13 and the second damping structure 14, the impact load generated by the starter 3 at the moment of starting is reduced on the flexible disk 1 and the transmission system, the service life of the starting gear ring 12 is improved, and the transmission smoothness is improved.

[0047] Example 2 This embodiment discloses an aero-engine, including the crankshaft unit of Embodiment 1.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the aero-engine in this embodiment are the same as those of the crankshaft unit in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0049] Example 3 This embodiment discloses an aircraft, including the aircraft engine of Embodiment 2.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the aircraft in this embodiment are the same as those of the crankshaft unit in Embodiment 1 and the aero-engine in Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crankshaft unit, characterized in that, It includes a crankshaft (2) and a flexible disk (1); the flexible disk (1) is disposed at one end of the crankshaft (2); The flexible disc (1) includes a disc body (11) and a starting gear ring (12) arranged circumferentially on the edge of the disc body (11); the starting gear ring (12) is used to mesh with the gear (31) of the starter (3); The starting gear ring (12) includes multiple segments distributed circumferentially, and adjacent segments can move relative to each other.

2. The shock-absorbing flexible disc according to claim 1, characterized in that, The starting gear ring (12) slides in conjunction with the disc body (11).

3. The shock-absorbing flexible disc according to claim 2, characterized in that, The starting gear ring (12) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (121) on the side connected to the disc body (11), and the disc body (11) is provided with a corresponding protrusion in the circumferential direction. The protrusion can extend into the arc-shaped groove (121), and the arc-shaped groove (121) can slide on the protrusion.

4. The shock-absorbing flexible disc according to claim 3, characterized in that, The starting gear ring (12) is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion on the side connected to the disc body (11), and the disc body (11) is provided with a groove in the circumference. The arc-shaped protrusion can extend into the groove and slide along the groove.

5. The shock-absorbing flexible disc according to claim 3, characterized in that, The length of the arc-shaped groove (121) is greater than the length of the protrusion.

6. The shock-absorbing flexible disc according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the first damping structure (13); The first shock-absorbing structure (13) is disposed between the disc body (12) and the starting gear ring (11).

7. The shock-absorbing flexible disc according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the segments is an integer multiple of the number of piston impact phases of the engine.

8. The shock-absorbing flexible disc according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of segments is four.

9. An aircraft engine, characterized in that, Includes the crankshaft unit as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. An aircraft, characterized in that, Including the aircraft engine as described in claim 9.

Images