Drive and positioning circuits and vehicles

Abstract

This application discloses a driving and positioning circuit and a vehicle, relating to the field of vehicle radar technology. The circuit includes: an input terminal of a positioning module connected to the output terminal of a position module; the position module transmitting a position signal to the positioning module when the vehicle is powered on; the positioning module transmitting a radar positioning signal to a control module so that the control module can confirm the position information of each radar on the vehicle; the output terminal of a driving module connected to the input terminal of an alarm module, wherein the output terminal of the position module and the input terminal of the alarm module share a common interface; a detection module transmitting an abnormal signal to the control module when it detects a foreign object approaching the vehicle; and the control module, upon receiving both the radar positioning signal and the abnormal signal, transmitting an alarm signal to the alarm module through the driving module so that the alarm module can sound an alarm. Compared to existing technologies, this application achieves the reuse of positioning and alarm functions through a shared interface, thereby reducing the number of external radar interfaces and lowering wiring harness costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power system technology, and in particular to a drive and positioning circuit, a relay protection method, and a relay protection device. Background Technology

[0002] Millimeter-wave radar is widely used in automotive driver assistance systems, commonly for blind spot detection, lane change assist, and other warning functions. When the radar detects a hazard, it needs to activate external warning lights to provide a visual alert. Simultaneously, to meet the differentiated functional requirements of different installation locations, the vehicle needs to transmit position information to the radar via wiring harness status. Current technology typically incorporates separate warning light drive circuits and position detection circuits within the radar, using different external interfaces. However, this approach necessitates multiple external interfaces for the radar, increasing connector pin count and wiring harness costs. Furthermore, the hardware circuits corresponding to different functions are independent and cannot be flexibly reused.

[0003] Furthermore, the alarm function of existing radars typically relies on a separate detection module, which triggers an alarm when it detects an approaching foreign object. However, in existing technologies, the location recognition and alarm driving functions lack an effective coordination mechanism. The control module cannot selectively drive the alarm module based on the foreign object detection result while acquiring radar location information, resulting in low system integration and low response efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve the coordinated operation of radar location identification and alarm driving functions is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this application is to provide a drive and positioning circuit and a vehicle, which aims to solve the technical problem of how to achieve the coordinated operation of radar position recognition and alarm drive functions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a driving and positioning circuit, which includes a control module, a driving module, and a positioning module. The input terminal of the positioning module is connected to the output terminal of the position module, and the output terminal of the positioning module is connected to the first input terminal of the control module. The location module is used to transmit a location signal to the positioning module when the vehicle is powered on; The positioning module is used to transmit radar positioning signals to the control module so that the control module can confirm the position information of each radar on the vehicle. The output terminal of the drive module is connected to the input terminal of the alarm module, the input terminal of the drive module is connected to the output terminal of the control module, and the second input terminal of the control module is connected to the detection module. The output terminal of the position module and the input terminal of the alarm module share a common interface. The detection module is used to transmit an abnormal signal to the control module when it detects a foreign object approaching the vehicle. The control module is used to transmit an alarm signal to the alarm module through the drive module when it receives the radar positioning signal and the abnormal signal, so that the alarm module can sound an alarm.

[0007] In one embodiment, the positioning module includes: a first transistor; The base of the first transistor is connected to the position module, the collector of the first transistor is grounded, and the emitter of the first transistor is connected to the pull-up power supply and the first input terminal of the control module.

[0008] In one embodiment, the driving module includes: a second transistor and a MOSFET; The base of the second transistor is connected to the output terminal of the control module, the emitter of the second transistor is grounded, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor, the source of the MOS transistor is connected to the driving power supply, and the drain of the MOS transistor is connected to the alarm module.

[0009] In one embodiment, the circuit further includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, and a first capacitor; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the output end of the control module. The second end of the first resistor is connected to the base of the second transistor, the first end of the second resistor, and the first end of the first capacitor. The second end of the second resistor is connected to the second end of the first capacitor and the emitter of the second transistor.

[0010] In one embodiment, the circuit further includes a third resistor and a fourth resistor; The second end of the third resistor is connected to the collector of the second transistor, the first end of the third resistor is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor and the second end of the fourth resistor, and the first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the driving power supply and the source of the MOS transistor.

[0011] In one embodiment, the circuit further includes a fifth resistor and a second capacitor; The first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the first end of the second capacitor and the drain of the MOS transistor, respectively, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the input end of the alarm module.

[0012] In one embodiment, the circuit further includes: a sixth resistor; The first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the output end of the position module, and the second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the base of the first transistor.

[0013] In one embodiment, the circuit further includes: a seventh resistor; The first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the pull-up power supply, and the second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the control module and the emitter of the first transistor.

[0014] In one embodiment, the circuit further includes: an ESD transistor; The first end of the ESD tube is connected to the output end of the drive module, the input end of the positioning module, the output end of the location module, and the input end of the alarm module, respectively.

[0015] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a vehicle that includes the drive and positioning circuits as described above.

[0016] One or more technical solutions proposed in this application have at least the following technical effects: This application includes a drive and positioning circuit in a vehicle, comprising a control module, a drive module, and a positioning module. The input terminal of the positioning module is connected to the output terminal of the position module, and the output terminal of the positioning module is connected to the first input terminal of the control module. The position module transmits a position signal to the positioning module when the vehicle is powered on. The positioning module transmits radar positioning signals to the control module, enabling the control module to confirm the position information of each radar on the vehicle. The output terminal of the drive module is connected to the input terminal of an alarm module, and the input terminal of the drive module is connected to the output terminal of the control module. The second input terminal of the control module is connected to a detection module. The output terminal of the position module and the input terminal of the alarm module share a common interface. The detection module transmits an abnormal signal to the control module when it detects a foreign object approaching the vehicle. The control module, upon receiving the radar positioning signal and the abnormal signal, transmits an alarm signal to the alarm module through the drive module, causing the alarm module to sound an alarm. Compared to existing technologies, this application reuses positioning and alarm functions through a shared interface, thereby reducing the number of external radar interfaces and lowering wiring harness costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the driving and positioning circuit of this application; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the driving and positioning circuit of this application.

[0020] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0021] The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0023] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0026] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0027] It should be noted that millimeter-wave radar is widely used in automotive driver assistance systems, commonly for blind spot detection, lane change assist, and other warning functions. When the radar detects a hazard, it needs to activate an external warning light to provide a visual alert. Simultaneously, to meet the differentiated functional requirements of different installation locations, the vehicle needs to transmit position information to the radar via wiring harness status. Current technology typically sets up independent warning light drive circuits and position detection circuits within the radar to meet these two requirements, using different external interfaces. However, this approach requires the radar to have multiple external interfaces, increasing the number of connector pins and wiring harness costs; furthermore, the hardware circuits corresponding to different functions are independent and cannot be flexibly reused.

[0028] Furthermore, the alarm function of existing radars typically relies on a separate detection module, which triggers an alarm when it detects an approaching foreign object. However, in existing technologies, the location recognition and alarm driving functions lack an effective coordination mechanism. The control module cannot selectively drive the alarm module based on the foreign object detection result while acquiring radar location information, resulting in low system integration and low response efficiency.

[0029] To solve the aforementioned technical problems, this embodiment incorporates a drive and positioning circuit in the vehicle. This circuit includes a control module 1, a drive module 2, and a positioning module 3. The input terminal of the positioning module 3 is connected to the output terminal of the position module 4, and the output terminal of the positioning module 3 is connected to the first input terminal of the control module 1. The position module 4 transmits a position signal to the positioning module 3 when the vehicle is powered on. The positioning module 3 transmits radar positioning signals to the control module 1, enabling the control module 1 to confirm the position information of each radar on the vehicle. The output terminal of the drive module 2 is connected to the input terminal of the alarm module 5, and the input terminal of the drive module 2 is connected to the output terminal of the control module 1. The second input terminal of the control module 1 is connected to the detection module 6. The output terminal of the position module 4 and the input terminal of the alarm module 5 share a common interface. The detection module 6 transmits an abnormal signal to the control module 1 when a foreign object is detected approaching the vehicle. The control module 1, upon receiving the radar positioning signal and the abnormal signal, transmits an alarm signal to the alarm module 5 via the drive module 2, causing the alarm module 5 to sound an alarm. Compared to existing methods, this application reuses positioning and alarm functions through a shared interface, thereby reducing the number of external radar interfaces and lowering wiring harness costs.

[0030] For ease of understanding, the following is combined with Figures 1 to 2 The driving and positioning circuits provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the driving and positioning circuit of this application.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit includes: a control module 1, a drive module 2, and a positioning module 3; The input terminal of the positioning module 3 is connected to the output terminal of the position module 4, and the output terminal of the positioning module 3 is connected to the first input terminal of the control module 1. The position module 4 is used to transmit a position signal to the positioning module 3 when the vehicle is powered on; The positioning module 3 is used to transmit radar positioning signals to the control module 1 so that the control module 1 can confirm the position information of each radar on the vehicle. The output terminal of the drive module 2 is connected to the input terminal of the alarm module 5, the input terminal of the drive module 2 is connected to the output terminal of the control module 1, and the second input terminal of the control module 1 is connected to the detection module 6. The output terminal of the position module 4 and the input terminal of the alarm module 5 share a common interface. The detection module 6 is used to transmit an abnormal signal to the control module 1 when a foreign object is detected approaching the vehicle; The control module 1 is used to transmit an alarm signal to the alarm module 5 through the drive module 2 when it receives the radar positioning signal and the abnormal signal, so that the alarm module 5 can sound an alarm.

[0033] It should be noted that the aforementioned control module 1 may refer to the main control unit inside the millimeter-wave radar responsible for logic judgment and input / output configuration, such as a microcontroller or digital signal processor.

[0034] The aforementioned drive module 2 may refer to a power conversion unit that responds to the signal output by the control module 1 and drives the alarm load to work, such as a drive circuit composed of switching transistors.

[0035] The aforementioned positioning module 3 can refer to a signal processing unit used to sense external position encoding signals and feed back radar installation position information to the control module 1.

[0036] The aforementioned position module 4 can refer to the physical interface or connection point in the vehicle wiring harness that provides position encoding signals to the radar, such as a grounding harness or a suspended harness. The aforementioned alarm module 5 can refer to a device that receives the power signal output by the drive module 2 and issues an audible and visual alarm, such as a 12V alarm light.

[0037] The aforementioned detection module 6 may refer to a sensor and its processing unit used to detect whether there are foreign objects approaching the vehicle, such as the radio frequency front end and signal processing part of a millimeter-wave radar.

[0038] The aforementioned shared interface may refer to the same physical pin or connection node, which respectively undertakes the functions of position signal input and alarm signal output in different working modes. That is, the output end of the position module 4 and the input end of the alarm module 5 are physically the same connection point.

[0039] The aforementioned position signal may refer to the coded information transmitted by the vehicle wiring harness to the radar to distinguish the installation position. For example, a grounded state represents the position of the left radar, and a suspended state represents the position of the right radar.

[0040] The aforementioned radar positioning signal can refer to the level signal output by the positioning module 3 to the control module 1 after processing the position signal.

[0041] The aforementioned abnormal signal may refer to the trigger signal sent by the detection module 6 to the control module 1 when it determines that a foreign object is approaching.

[0042] The aforementioned alarm signal can refer to the control signal output by the control module 1 to the drive module 2 to activate the alarm when it is confirmed that an alarm is needed.

[0043] In its implementation, control module 1 first needs to identify its own installation location. Upon vehicle power-on, location module 4 (the pre-configured location encoding interface in the vehicle wiring harness) generates a status signal representing the installation location. It's worth noting that the output of location module 4 and the input of alarm module 5 physically share the same external interface. This interface performs different functions at different times: during power-on initialization, it acts as a location signal input; after location identification, it switches to alarm drive output. Specifically, during power-on, positioning module 3 connects to this shared interface through its input to obtain the location signal from location module 4. After conditioning the signal, positioning module 3 sends a radar positioning signal to the first input of control module 1 through its output, allowing control module 1 to determine the radar's specific installation location on the vehicle. After location identification, the radar enters normal operation. At this time, detection module 6 continuously monitors the vehicle's surroundings. When it detects a foreign object approaching the vehicle, detection module 6 sends an abnormal signal to the second input of control module 1. Upon confirming the acquisition of a radar positioning signal (i.e., location identification completed) and simultaneously receiving an abnormal signal, control module 1 determines that an alarm needs to be triggered. Subsequently, control module 1 sends an alarm signal to drive module 2 through its output. Drive module 2 amplifies the signal and then sends a drive voltage to the input of alarm module 5 through its output. Since the input of alarm module 5 shares the same physical node as the interface previously used for position signal input, this drive voltage can be directly output to an external alarm light. Throughout this process, the same external interface performs the function of position signal input during power-on and the function of drive voltage output during alarm activation, achieving time-division multiplexing of the interface.

[0044] For example, a car has a millimeter-wave radar installed below its left rearview mirror. In the vehicle wiring harness, the position module 4 corresponding to the left radar is pre-set to a grounded state. The output of this position module 4 is physically connected to the same external pin as the positive input of the warning light. When the vehicle is powered on, the positioning module 3 inside the radar detects the ground level through this pin and outputs a low-level positioning signal to the control module 1. The control module 1 then determines that the radar is installed on the left side. Subsequently, while the vehicle is moving, an obstacle appears in the left blind spot, and the detection module 6 generates an abnormal signal and sends it to the control module 1. After confirming that the positioning has been completed and receiving the abnormal signal, the control module 1 outputs a 12V voltage from the same external pin through the drive module 2, driving the warning light to illuminate. The same pin is used to detect the grounding state to complete the positioning when powered on, and to output 12V to complete the alarm while the vehicle is in motion.

[0045] This embodiment incorporates a drive and positioning circuit within the vehicle. This circuit includes a control module 1, a drive module 2, and a positioning module 3. The input terminal of the positioning module 3 is connected to the output terminal of the position module 4, and the output terminal of the positioning module 3 is connected to the first input terminal of the control module 1. The position module 4 transmits a position signal to the positioning module 3 when the vehicle is powered on. The positioning module 3 transmits radar positioning signals to the control module 1, enabling the control module 1 to confirm the position information of each radar on the vehicle. The output terminal of the drive module 2 is connected to the input terminal of the alarm module 5, and the input terminal of the drive module 2 is connected to the output terminal of the control module 1. The second input terminal of the control module 1 is connected to a detection module 6. The output terminal of the position module 4 and the input terminal of the alarm module 5 share a common interface. The detection module 6 transmits an abnormal signal to the control module 1 when a foreign object is detected approaching the vehicle. The control module 1, upon receiving the radar positioning signal and the abnormal signal, transmits an alarm signal to the alarm module 5 via the drive module 2, causing the alarm module 5 to sound an alarm. Compared to existing methods, this application reuses positioning and alarm functions through a shared interface, thereby reducing the number of external radar interfaces and lowering wiring harness costs.

[0046] Based on the first embodiment of this application, a second embodiment of this application is proposed. In the second embodiment, content that is the same as or similar to that in the first embodiment described above can be referred to the above description, and will not be repeated hereafter. Based on this, please refer to... Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the driving and positioning circuit of this application.

[0047] In this embodiment, the positioning module 3 includes: a first transistor Q1; The base of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the position module 4, the collector of the first transistor Q1 is grounded, and the emitter of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the pull-up power supply and the first input terminal of the control module 1.

[0048] It should be noted that the first transistor Q1 mentioned above can refer to a bipolar transistor used to implement switching functions, such as a PNP transistor.

[0049] The aforementioned pull-up power supply can refer to a DC power supply used to pull the default level of a signal line high to a logic high level, such as a 3.3V power supply.

[0050] In its implementation, to obtain radar installation location information, control module 1 uses positioning module 3, which includes a first transistor Q1, to detect the position signal output by position module 4. Specifically, the base of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the output terminal of position module 4 to receive the position signal transmitted from position module 4. The collector of the first transistor Q1 is directly grounded. The emitter of the first transistor Q1 is connected to both the pull-up power supply and the first input terminal of control module 1. When the position signal output by position module 4 is low (e.g., grounded), the base of the first transistor Q1 is pulled low, creating a forward bias voltage between the emitter and base, and the first transistor Q1 turns on. After the first transistor Q1 turns on, a low-impedance path is formed between the emitter and collector. The first input terminal of control module 1 is pulled low to near ground level through the first transistor Q1. Control module 1 reads the low-level signal and determines that the radar is installed at a first preset position. When the position signal output by position module 4 is high or floating, the base level of the first transistor Q1 increases, the forward bias voltage between the emitter and base disappears or reverse biases, and the first transistor Q1 is in the off state. At this time, the pull-up power supply provides a high-level signal to the first input terminal of control module 1 through the emitter of the first transistor Q1. Control module 1 reads the high-level signal and determines that the radar is installed at the second preset position. In this way, positioning module 3 converts the physical connection state (grounded or floating) of position module 4 into a high or low level signal that can be read by control module 1.

[0051] For example, assuming the first transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor with a pull-up power supply of 3.3V, and the operating voltage of control module 1 is 3.3V logic level. The position module 4 corresponding to the left-side radar mounting location in the vehicle wiring harness is set to ground (0V). After the vehicle is powered on, this ground signal is transmitted to the base of the first transistor Q1 through the output of position module 4. The emitter of the first transistor Q1 is maintained at 3.3V through the pull-up power supply. At this time, the voltage difference between the emitter (3.3V) and the base (0V) is 3.3V, which is greater than the conduction threshold of the PNP transistor (approximately 0.7V), and the first transistor Q1 conducts. The first input of control module 1 is pulled down to near 0V through the conducting second transistor Q2. Control module 1 reads the low level and determines that the radar is installed on the left side. For the radar installation position on the right, the position module 4 is set to a floating state, the base of the first transistor Q1 has no effective low-level input, the first transistor Q1 is cut off, the first input terminal of the control module 1 is maintained at a high level of 3.3V through the pull-up power supply, the control module 1 reads the high level and determines that the radar is installed on the right.

[0052] Furthermore, continue as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the driving module 2 includes: a second transistor Q2 and a MOSFET Q3; The base of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the output terminal of the control module 1, the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is grounded, the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q3, the source of the MOS transistor Q3 is connected to the driving power supply, and the drain of the MOS transistor Q3 is connected to the alarm module 5.

[0053] It should be noted that the aforementioned second transistor Q2 may refer to an NPN bipolar transistor used to implement switching functions.

[0054] The aforementioned MOSFET Q3 can refer to a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) used to implement high-current switching functions, specifically a PMOS transistor Q3, with its gate as the control terminal, source as the input terminal, and drain as the output terminal. The aforementioned drive power supply can refer to a DC power supply, such as a 12V power supply, that provides the operating voltage to the alarm module 5.

[0055] In its implementation, when the control module 1 determines that an alarm needs to be triggered, the drive module 2 converts the control signal into a power signal sufficient to drive the alarm module 5. Specifically, the output of the control module 1 outputs an alarm signal to the base of the second transistor Q2. The emitter of the second transistor Q2 is grounded, and its collector is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q3. When the alarm signal output by the control module 1 is high, the base of the second transistor Q2 receives a forward bias voltage, and the second transistor Q2 turns on. After the second transistor Q2 turns on, its collector voltage is pulled down to near ground level, and this low level is transmitted to the gate of the MOSFET Q3. The source of the MOSFET Q3 is connected to the drive power supply. Since the gate is pulled down to a low level and the source is at a high level (drive power supply voltage), the gate-source voltage of the MOSFET Q3 meets the conduction condition, and the MOSFET Q3 turns on. The current of the drive power supply flows through the conducting MOSFET Q3 to the drain of the MOSFET Q3, and then to the input of the alarm module 5, driving the alarm module 5 to activate the alarm. When the alarm signal output by control module 1 is low, the base of the second transistor Q2 is low, and Q2 is turned off. At this time, the gate of MOSFET Q3 loses its low-level bias, Q3 is turned off, the path between the drive power supply and alarm module 5 is cut off, and alarm module 5 stops working.

[0056] For example, assuming the second transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor, the MOSFET Q3 is a PMOS transistor, and the driving power supply is 12V. When the control module 1 determines that the 12V alarm light needs to be lit, it outputs a 3.3V high-level alarm signal to the base of the second transistor Q2. The second transistor Q2 turns on, and its collector voltage is pulled down to near 0V. This 0V signal is transmitted to the gate of the PMOS transistor Q3. The source of the PMOS transistor Q3 is connected to 12V, and the gate voltage (0V) is much lower than the source voltage (12V), so the PMOS transistor Q3 turns on. The 12V power supply is output to the positive terminal of the alarm light through the PMOS transistor Q3, and the alarm light illuminates. When the control module 1 determines that the alarm light needs to be turned off, it outputs a 0V low-level signal to the base of the second transistor Q2. The second transistor Q2 turns off, and the gate of the PMOS transistor Q3 is restored to a high level (12V) through an internal or external pull-up resistor. The PMOS transistor Q3 turns off, and the alarm light turns off.

[0057] Furthermore, continue as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit further includes: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a first capacitor C1; The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the output terminal of the control module 1. The second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2, the first end of the second resistor R2, and the first end of the first capacitor C1. The second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the first capacitor C1 and the emitter of the second transistor Q2.

[0058] It should be noted that the aforementioned first resistor R1 can refer to a resistor element used for current limiting or voltage division, such as a current-limiting resistor used to limit the current flowing into the base of the second transistor Q2. The aforementioned second resistor R2 can refer to a voltage-dividing resistor that works with the first resistor R1 to form a voltage-dividing circuit, used to provide a bias voltage to the base of the second transistor Q2. The aforementioned first capacitor C1 can refer to a capacitor element used for filtering or eliminating high-frequency interference, such as a capacitor connected in parallel with the second resistor R2 to form a low-pass filter, used to filter out high-frequency noise in the output signal of control module 1.

[0059] In the specific implementation, the alarm signal output by control module 1 needs to pass through an input conditioning network consisting of a first resistor R1R1, a second resistor R2, and a first capacitor C1 before being transmitted to the base of the second transistor Q2. Specifically, the first end of the first resistor R1R1 is connected to the output terminal of control module 1 to receive the alarm signal output by control module 1. The second end of the first resistor R1R1 is simultaneously connected to the base of the second transistor Q2, the first end of the second resistor R2, and the first end of the first capacitor C1. The second end of the second resistor R2 and the second end of the first capacitor C1 are connected to the emitter of the second transistor Q2, and the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is grounded. Through the above connection method, the first resistor R1R1 limits the current of the alarm signal output by control module 1, preventing excessive current from flowing into the base of the second transistor Q2 and damaging the second transistor Q2. The second resistor R2 and the first resistor R1R1 form a voltage divider network, which divides the alarm signal output by control module 1 and provides it to the base of the second transistor Q2 to adjust the bias voltage of the base. The first capacitor C1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in parallel to form a low-pass filter, which is used to filter out high-frequency interference components in the alarm signal and ensure that the base of the second transistor Q2 receives a stable and clean drive signal.

[0060] For example, suppose control module 1 outputs a 3.3V alarm signal, the first resistor R1 has a resistance of 1 kΩ, and the second resistor R2 has a resistance of 2 kΩ. After the 3.3V signal is divided by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, a bias voltage of approximately 2.2V is obtained at the base of the second transistor Q2. This voltage satisfies the conduction condition of an NPN transistor. Simultaneously, suppose there is a 100MHz high-frequency interference noise in the output signal of control module 1. The first capacitor C1 forms a low-impedance path with this interference noise, bypassing the high-frequency noise to ground, thereby preventing the noise from causing the second transistor Q2 to be falsely triggered. The capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 can be selected according to actual needs, for example, set to any value between 100 picofarads and 1 microfarad to filter out interference signals in a specific frequency band.

[0061] Furthermore, continue as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit further includes: a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4; The second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the collector of the second transistor Q2, the first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q3 and the second end of the fourth resistor R4, and the first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the driving power supply and the source of the MOS transistor Q3.

[0062] It should be noted that the third resistor R3 mentioned above can be a current-limiting resistor or isolation resistor connected between the collector of the second transistor Q2 and the gate of the MOSFET Q3, used to limit the current and protect the gate of the MOSFET Q3. The fourth resistor R4 mentioned above can be a pull-up resistor connected between the drive power supply and the gate of the MOSFET Q3, used to pull up the gate voltage of the MOSFET Q3 to the drive power supply voltage when the second transistor Q2 is turned off, ensuring that the MOSFET Q3 is reliably turned off.

[0063] In the specific implementation, the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q3 through the third resistor R3, while the gate of the MOSFET Q3 is connected to the driving power supply through the fourth resistor R4. Specifically, the second terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the collector of the second transistor Q2, and the first terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to both the gate of the MOSFET Q3 and the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4. The first terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the driving power supply, which is also connected to the source of the MOSFET Q3. When the second transistor Q2 is turned on, its collector voltage is pulled down to near ground level. This low level is transmitted to the gate of the MOSFET Q3 through the third resistor R3, turning on the MOSFET Q3. The third resistor R3 acts as a current limiter during this process, preventing excessive collector current from damaging the second transistor Q2 when it is turned on. When the second transistor Q2 is turned off, the collector of the second transistor Q2 is in a high-resistance state. At this time, the fourth resistor R4 pulls up the gate voltage of the MOSFET Q3 to the drive power supply voltage, so that the voltage difference between the gate and the source of the MOSFET Q3 is zero, and the MOSFET Q3 remains in the off state to prevent false turn-on caused by the gate being floating.

[0064] For example, assuming the drive power supply is 12V, the resistance of the fourth resistor R4 is 10 kΩ, and the resistance of the third resistor R3 is 1 kΩ. When the second transistor Q2 is turned on, its collector voltage is approximately 0.3V. This voltage is transmitted to the gate of the MOSFET Q3 through the third resistor R3, where the gate voltage is approximately 0.3V, while the source voltage is 12V. The gate-source voltage difference is approximately -11.7V, and the MOSFET Q3 is fully turned on. The third resistor R3 limits the current flowing from the drive power supply through the fourth resistor R4 and the third resistor R3 to the collector of the second transistor Q2, preventing the second transistor Q2 from being damaged by overcurrent. When the second transistor Q2 is turned off, its collector is disconnected from ground, and the gate of the MOSFET Q3 is pulled up to 12V through the fourth resistor R4. The gate voltage equals the source voltage, and the gate-source voltage difference is zero. The MOSFET Q3 is reliably turned off and will not be accidentally turned on due to external electromagnetic interference.

[0065] Furthermore, continue as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit further includes: a fifth resistor R5 and a second capacitor C2; The first end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the first end of the second capacitor C2 and the drain of the MOS transistor Q3, respectively, and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the input end of the alarm module 5.

[0066] It should be noted that the fifth resistor R5 mentioned above can refer to a current-limiting resistor connected between the drain of MOSFET Q3 and the input terminal of alarm module 5, used to limit the current flowing to alarm module 5 and prevent damage to MOSFET Q3 when alarm module 5 is short-circuited. The second capacitor C2 mentioned above can refer to a capacitor element that works with the fifth resistor R5 to form a filter circuit, used to filter out high-frequency noise in the output signal or absorb voltage spikes generated when the load is switched on and off.

[0067] In the specific implementation, the drain of MOSFET Q3 is connected to the input terminal of alarm module 5 through the fifth resistor R5, and the second capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the fifth resistor R5. Specifically, the first terminal of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to both the first terminal of the second capacitor C2 and the drain of MOSFET Q3, used to receive the drive voltage output by MOSFET Q3. The second terminal of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to both the second terminal of the second capacitor C2 and the input terminal of alarm module 5, used to provide the alarm module 5 with a drive voltage that has been current-limited. When MOSFET Q3 is turned on, the voltage of the drive power supply is output through the drain of MOSFET Q3, and transmitted to the input terminal of alarm module 5 after passing through the fifth resistor R5. The fifth resistor R5 limits the maximum value of the output current. When a short-circuit fault occurs in alarm module 5, the fifth resistor R5 can limit the current within a safe range, preventing MOSFET Q3 from being damaged due to overcurrent. The second capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the fifth resistor R5. Taking advantage of the characteristic that the voltage across the capacitor cannot change abruptly, it absorbs the voltage spikes caused by sudden load changes when the alarm module 5 is turned on or off. At the same time, it filters out high-frequency noise components in the drive voltage, protecting the alarm module 5 from surge impacts.

[0068] For example, assuming the drive power supply is 12V, the resistance of the fifth resistor R5 is 100 ohms, and the alarm module 5 is a 12V alarm light with a normal operating current of approximately 120 mA. When MOSFET Q3 is turned on, the 12V voltage is applied to the alarm light through the fifth resistor R5, illuminating the alarm light. The fifth resistor R5 limits the maximum output current to approximately 120 mA (12V divided by 100 ohms). Even if the alarm light is short-circuited, the current will not exceed 120 mA, thus protecting MOSFET Q3. Simultaneously, assuming a brief surge current is generated at the moment of alarm light activation, the second capacitor C2 (e.g., 10 μF) forms a low-impedance path with this surge current, absorbing some of the surge energy and preventing the surge voltage from feeding back to the drain of MOSFET Q3 and damaging it. At the moment the alarm light is turned off, the parasitic inductance in the circuit may generate a reverse voltage spike, which the second capacitor C2 can also absorb, protecting the circuit.

[0069] Furthermore, continue as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit further includes: a sixth resistor R6; The first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the output end of the position module 4, and the second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q1.

[0070] It should be noted that the aforementioned sixth resistor R6 may refer to a current-limiting resistor connected between the output terminal of the position module 4 and the base of the first transistor Q1, used to limit the current flowing into the base of the first transistor Q1 and prevent excessive base current from damaging the first transistor Q1. The aforementioned output terminal of the position module 4 refers to the physical connection point in the vehicle wiring harness used to transmit the position encoding signal, such as the interface terminal of the grounding harness or the floating harness.

[0071] In the specific implementation, the output terminal of the position module 4 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q1 through a sixth resistor R6. Specifically, the first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the output terminal of the position module 4 to receive the position signal from the vehicle wiring harness. The second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q1 to transmit the position signal to the base of the first transistor Q1. When the output terminal of the position module 4 is grounded by the vehicle wiring harness, the sixth resistor R6 transmits the grounding signal to the base of the first transistor Q1. At the same time, the sixth resistor R6 limits the current flowing from the base to the output terminal of the position module 4 to prevent the base current from being too large when the first transistor Q1 is turned on. When the output terminal of the position module 4 is set to a floating state, no current flows through the two ends of the sixth resistor R6, and the base of the first transistor Q1 is in a high-impedance state, the voltage level of which is determined by other connection relationships. The presence of the sixth resistor R6 can protect the first transistor Q1 from excessive base current, and at the same time prevent static electricity or transient interference on the external wiring harness from directly acting on the base of the first transistor Q1, thereby improving the reliability and anti-interference capability of the circuit.

[0072] For example, assuming the first transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor with a maximum allowable base current of 10 mA and a drive power supply voltage of 3.3V. When the output of position module 4 is grounded (0V) by the vehicle wiring harness, the voltage difference between the emitter (connected to 3.3V) and base (connected to 0V) of the first transistor Q1 is 3.3V. Without a current-limiting resistor, the base current would be very large, potentially burning out the first transistor Q1. By setting a sixth resistor R6 with a resistance of 10 kΩ, the base current is limited to 3.3V divided by 10 kΩ, which equals 0.33 mA, far less than the maximum allowable current of the first transistor Q1, effectively protecting it. Simultaneously, assuming there is electrostatic discharge or voltage fluctuation on the vehicle wiring harness, the sixth resistor R6 can absorb some energy, reducing the transient voltage amplitude reaching the base of the first transistor Q1 and improving the circuit's anti-static capability.

[0073] Furthermore, continue as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit further includes: a seventh resistor R7; The first end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the pull-up power supply, and the second end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the first input terminal of the control module 1 and the emitter of the first transistor Q1.

[0074] It should be noted that the aforementioned seventh resistor R7 can refer to a pull-up resistor connected between the pull-up power supply and the first input terminal of the control module 1. It is used to pull up the voltage at the first input terminal of the control module 1 to the pull-up power supply voltage when the first transistor Q1 is turned off, ensuring that the control module 1 can read a stable high-level signal when the first transistor Q1 is turned off. The aforementioned pull-up power supply can refer to a DC power supply used to provide a logic high-level reference voltage, such as a 3.3V power supply.

[0075] In the specific implementation, the seventh resistor R7 is connected between the pull-up power supply and the first input terminal of the control module 1, and the emitter of the first transistor Q1 is also connected to the first input terminal of the control module 1. Specifically, the first end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the pull-up power supply, and the second end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to both the first input terminal of the control module 1 and the emitter of the first transistor Q1. When the first transistor Q1 is off, the emitter and collector of the first transistor Q1 are in a high-impedance state, and there is no low-impedance path between the first input terminal of the control module 1 and ground. At this time, the pull-up power supply provides current to the first input terminal of the control module 1 through the seventh resistor R7, pulling the voltage of the first input terminal of the control module 1 up to the voltage value of the pull-up power supply. The control module 1 reads a high-level signal and determines that the radar is installed in the second preset position. When the first transistor Q1 is on, a low-impedance path is formed between the emitter and collector of the first transistor Q1, and the first input terminal of the control module 1 is pulled down to near ground level through the first transistor Q1. At this time, the current flowing from the pull-up power supply to the first input terminal of control module 1 through the seventh resistor R7 is bypassed to ground by the first transistor Q1. The first input terminal of control module 1 remains at a low level. Control module 1 reads the low-level signal and determines that the radar is installed at the first preset position. The resistance value of the seventh resistor R7 needs to be selected with two considerations in mind: if the resistance value is too large, the pull-up capability will be insufficient, which may cause the first input terminal of control module 1 to be misjudged due to external interference in the floating state; if the resistance value is too small, the current flowing through the pull-up power supply when the first transistor Q1 is turned on will be too large, increasing power consumption and possibly affecting the lifespan of the first transistor Q1. The seventh resistor R7, together with the first transistor Q1 and the sixth resistor R6, constitute a stable and reliable position signal detection network.

[0076] For example, assuming the pull-up power supply is 3.3V, the resistance of the seventh resistor R7 is 10 kΩ, the high-level threshold of the control module 1 is 2.0V, and the low-level threshold is 0.8V. When the radar is installed on the right side and the position module 4 is floating, the first transistor Q1 is cut off, and the first input terminal of the control module 1 is pulled up to 3.3V through the seventh resistor R7, which is much higher than the high-level threshold of 2.0V. The control module 1 stably reads the high level and determines that it is installed on the right side. When the radar is installed on the left side and the position module 4 is grounded, the first transistor Q1 is turned on, its collector is grounded, and the emitter voltage is pulled down to about 0.3V (transistor saturation voltage drop), which is lower than the low-level threshold of 0.8V. The control module 1 stably reads the low level and determines that it is installed on the left side. At this point, the current flowing from the pull-up power supply through the seventh resistor R7 is 3.3V divided by 10 kΩ, which equals 0.33 mA. This current flows entirely to ground through the first transistor Q1. The power consumption of the first transistor Q1 is extremely small and will not affect its normal operation. If the resistance of the seventh resistor R7 is chosen to be 1 kΩ, the conduction current will be 3.3 mA, increasing the power consumption but still within an acceptable range. If the resistance of the seventh resistor R7 is chosen to be 100 kΩ, the conduction current will be 33 μA, resulting in a weaker pull-up capability, which may lead to misjudgment in environments with strong electromagnetic interference. Therefore, the resistance value of the seventh resistor R7 needs to be reasonably selected based on the actual application environment.

[0077] Furthermore, continue as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the circuit further includes an ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) tube; The first end of the ESD tube U1 is connected to the output end of the drive module 2, the input end of the positioning module 3, the output end of the position module 4, and the input end of the alarm module 5, respectively.

[0078] It should be noted that the aforementioned ESD transistor U1 can refer to a dedicated device for electrostatic discharge protection, such as a transient voltage suppression diode or an electrostatic discharge protection diode. Its first terminal is the connection terminal of the protected signal line, and its second terminal is the ground terminal. Under normal operating voltage, the ESD transistor U1 exhibits a high impedance state, which does not affect the normal operation of the circuit. When high-voltage transient interference such as electrostatic discharge occurs on the signal line, the ESD transistor U1 quickly conducts, discharging the transient current to ground, thereby clamping the voltage on the signal line within a safe range. The output terminal of the aforementioned drive module 2 can refer to the drain of the MOSFET Q3 in the drive module 2 or the second terminal of the fifth resistor R5. The input terminal of the aforementioned positioning module 3 can refer to the base of the first transistor Q1 in the positioning module 3 or the first terminal of the sixth resistor R6. The output terminal of the aforementioned position module 4 can refer to the physical interface point where the vehicle wiring harness connects to the radar. The input terminal of the aforementioned alarm module 5 can refer to the electrical connection point where the alarm module 5 connects to the output terminal of the drive module 2.

[0079] In the specific implementation, the first end of the ESD transistor U1 is simultaneously connected to the output of the drive module 2, the input of the positioning module 3, the output of the position module 4, and the input of the alarm module 5. That is, these four nodes—the output of the drive module 2, the input of the positioning module 3, the output of the position module 4, and the input of the alarm module 5—physically share the same network node, with the ESD transistor U1 connected between this shared node and the reference ground. This shared node serves as the single interface for the radar's external connection, acting as the input of the position signal during the power-on initialization phase and as the output of the drive voltage during the alarm phase. The second end of the ESD transistor U1 is connected to the reference ground. When there is no electrostatic discharge interference at this shared node, the ESD transistor U1 is in a high-impedance cutoff state, having no impact on normal signal transmission and power output. When electrostatic discharge occurs on the shared node, such as during the insertion or removal of static electricity from the human body touch radar's external interface or vehicle wiring harness, the ESD transistor U1 momentarily turns on, providing a low-impedance discharge path for the electrostatic current and guiding it to the reference ground. Simultaneously, it clamps the voltage on the shared node within a safe level range, preventing high-voltage electrostatic discharge from reverse-biasing the MOSFET Q3 through the output of the drive module 2, damaging the first transistor Q1 through the input of the positioning module 3, or directly damaging the first input of the control module 1 and other circuit components connected to the node. After the electrostatic discharge energy is completely discharged, the ESD transistor U1 automatically returns to a high-impedance cutoff state, and the circuit resumes normal operation.

[0080] For example, assuming the MOSFET Q3 used in the circuit has a maximum gate oxide withstand voltage of 20V, the base-emitter reverse breakdown voltage of the first transistor Q1 is 5V, and the maximum withstand voltage of the input pin of control module 1 is 3.6V. Without ESD protection from transistor U1, when the human touch radar generates an 8000V electrostatic discharge at its external interface, this high voltage will be directly applied to the drain of MOSFET Q3, the base of the first transistor Q1, and the first input terminal of control module 1. The electrostatic high voltage may couple to the gate of MOSFET Q3 through its parasitic capacitance, breaking down the gate oxide layer; or directly reverse-break down the base-emitter junction of the first transistor Q1; or damage the input pin of control module 1. With the addition of ESD transistor U1, which is selected as a transient voltage suppressor diode with a breakdown voltage of 6V and a clamping voltage of 10V. When an 8000V electrostatic discharge reaches the shared node, the ESD transistor U1 conducts within nanoseconds, clamping the node voltage below 10V and discharging most of the electrostatic current to ground. At this time, the voltage applied to the drain of the MOSFET Q3 is limited to below 10V, far below the 20V damage threshold; the voltage applied to the base of the first transistor Q1 is also limited to below 10V. Although it may briefly exceed the 5V reverse breakdown voltage, due to the extremely short conduction time of the ESD transistor U1 and the rapid dissipation of energy, the first transistor Q1 will not suffer permanent damage. The first input terminal of the control module 1 typically integrates a two-stage ESD protection structure, which, together with the external ESD transistor U1, can safely withstand transient overvoltages below 10V. Through this method, the ESD transistor U1 effectively protects the shared node, which is connected to the drive module 2, positioning module 3, location module 4, and alarm module 5, from electrostatic discharge damage, improving the reliability and service life of the millimeter-wave radar in automotive applications.

[0081] To achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a vehicle that includes the drive and positioning circuits described above.

[0082] It should be noted that the specific implementation of the vehicle provided in this embodiment can refer to the above embodiments, and this embodiment will not elaborate on them. Therefore, the effects achieved by the vehicle in this embodiment can also refer to the above embodiments, and this embodiment will not elaborate on them either.

[0083] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A driving and positioning circuit, characterized in that, The circuit includes: a control module, a drive module, and a positioning module; The input terminal of the positioning module is connected to the output terminal of the position module, and the output terminal of the positioning module is connected to the first input terminal of the control module. The location module is used to transmit a location signal to the positioning module when the vehicle is powered on; The positioning module is used to transmit radar positioning signals to the control module so that the control module can confirm the position information of each radar on the vehicle. The output terminal of the drive module is connected to the input terminal of the alarm module, the input terminal of the drive module is connected to the output terminal of the control module, and the second input terminal of the control module is connected to the detection module. The output terminal of the position module and the input terminal of the alarm module share a common interface. The detection module is used to transmit an abnormal signal to the control module when a foreign object is detected approaching the vehicle. The control module is used to transmit an alarm signal to the alarm module through the drive module when it receives the radar positioning signal and the abnormal signal, so that the alarm module can sound an alarm.

2. The circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning module includes: a first transistor; The base of the first transistor is connected to the position module, the collector of the first transistor is grounded, and the emitter of the first transistor is connected to the pull-up power supply and the first input terminal of the control module, respectively.

3. The circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The driving module includes: a second transistor and a MOSFET; The base of the second transistor is connected to the output terminal of the control module, the emitter of the second transistor is grounded, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor, the source of the MOS transistor is connected to the driving power supply, and the drain of the MOS transistor is connected to the alarm module.

4. The circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The circuit also includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, and a first capacitor; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the output end of the control module, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the base of the second transistor, the first end of the second resistor and the first end of the first capacitor, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to the second end of the first capacitor and the emitter of the second transistor.

5. The circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The circuit also includes: a third resistor and a fourth resistor; The second end of the third resistor is connected to the collector of the second transistor, the first end of the third resistor is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor and the second end of the fourth resistor, and the first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the driving power supply and the source of the MOS transistor.

6. The circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The circuit also includes: a fifth resistor and a second capacitor; The first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the first end of the second capacitor and the drain of the MOS transistor, respectively, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the input end of the alarm module.

7. The circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The circuit also includes: a sixth resistor; The first end of the sixth resistor is connected to the output end of the position module, and the second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the base of the first transistor.

8. The circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit also includes: a seventh resistor; The first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the pull-up power supply, and the second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the control module and the emitter of the first transistor.

9. The circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit also includes: an ESD transistor; The first end of the ESD tube is connected to the output end of the drive module, the input end of the positioning module, the output end of the location module, and the input end of the alarm module, respectively.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the drive and positioning circuitry as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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