A self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementation and a power generation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of self-powered buoy based on wind-light-wave multi-energy complementation and its power generation method, belong to power generation buoy technical field, the buoy includes oscillating water column float, oscillating water column float is provided with wave energy power generation module, the top of oscillating water column float is provided with photovoltaic power generation module and wind power generation module, the bottom of oscillating water column float is provided with anchoring lifting module;Wherein, wave energy power generation module includes mechanical wave energy power generation unit and pneumatic wave energy power generation unit, improves the energy capture efficiency and power generation performance of wave energy power generation module in complex sea state, to further improve the total power output value.The present application is powered by wind, light, wave three kinds of energy multi-energy complementary power generation, solves the problems, such as single power supply mode, unstable output power, limited energy density of traditional marine renewable energy power generation device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine renewable energy utilization technology, specifically relating to a self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity and its power generation method. Background Technology

[0002] Marine renewable energy, especially offshore wind, wave, and solar energy, is an important form of energy that is abundant in resources and low-carbon and clean. Actively promoting the efficient development and utilization of marine renewable energy is of great strategic significance for optimizing my country's energy structure, enhancing its energy self-sufficiency, and helping to achieve its "dual carbon" goals.

[0003] Currently, single-type marine renewable energy power generation devices generally face the following technical bottlenecks in practical applications: First, wind and solar energy are significantly affected by seasons, day and night, and weather conditions, exhibiting strong randomness and intermittency, resulting in unstable output power when powered alone, leading to poor power quality and difficulty in grid connection; Second, the energy density of a single energy source is limited, forcing the generator set to be large-scale in order to achieve economies of scale, but the unit power generation efficiency has not been significantly improved, resulting in high unit power supply costs and insufficient economic viability.

[0004] To overcome the aforementioned bottlenecks, integrated offshore power generation devices combining multiple energy types are considered an important direction for future marine energy development. These devices integrate the collection, conversion, and power supply of various energy sources into a single system. Since the probability of multiple energy sources simultaneously experiencing power troughs is theoretically low, they can leverage the natural complementarity of these energy sources in time and space to smooth out fluctuations in total power output, thereby improving the system's overall energy utilization efficiency and ensuring stable and reliable power supply. For example, Chinese invention patent CN117365845A discloses a floating wind-solar-wave energy complementary offshore power generation platform; Chinese invention patent CN119727534A discloses a multi-energy complementary integrated device based on wind, wave, and solar energy; and Chinese invention patent CN120650131A discloses a highly reliable marine wind and wave energy combined power generation buoy and method.

[0005] However, while these methods have innovatively designed various types of multi-energy complementary marine power generation devices and solved to some extent the technical problems of traditional marine renewable energy power generation devices, such as single power supply mode, unstable output power, and limited energy density, there is still room for optimization. In particular, for wave energy power generation modules, most schemes still adopt a single energy capture mechanism and have not designed a composite power generation structure to fully capture wave energy, resulting in low energy conversion efficiency under complex sea conditions and limiting further improvement of the overall system performance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity and its power generation method, so as to solve or improve at least some of the defects existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity, comprising an oscillating water column float body, wherein the oscillating water column float body is provided with a wave energy power generation module, the top of the oscillating water column float body is provided with a photovoltaic power generation module and a wind power generation module, and the bottom of the oscillating water column float body is provided with an anchoring and lifting module.

[0008] Preferably, the photovoltaic power generation module includes a support frame, the bottom of which is fixed to the upper surface of the oscillating water column float. Multiple arrayed motor housings are fixedly mounted on the support frame. A drive motor is installed inside each motor housing. The output shaft of the drive motor passes upward through the motor housing and is fixedly connected to a horizontal turntable. A turntable bracket is fixed to the horizontal turntable, and a servo bracket is fixed to the turntable bracket. A dual-axis servo is fixedly mounted on the servo bracket. Inclined photovoltaic mounting frames are rotatably connected to both sides of the turntable bracket. The two output shafts of the dual-axis servo are coaxially fixedly connected to the two rotating shafts of the photovoltaic mounting frames. A photovoltaic panel is fixedly mounted on the photovoltaic mounting frames. A photosensitive sensor is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the photovoltaic mounting frames. The photosensitive sensor, the dual-axis servo, and the drive motor are all electrically connected to a photovoltaic controller.

[0009] Preferably, the wave energy power generation module includes a mechanical wave energy power generation unit, which includes at least one mechanical power generation component. The mechanical power generation component includes a ball contact triboelectric nanogenerator, a ratchet power generation device, a vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerator, and a fixed sleeve. The upper end of the fixed sleeve is fixedly installed on the top surface inside the oscillating water column float. The vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerator and the ratchet power generation device are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the fixed sleeve. The lower end of the ratchet power generation device is fixedly connected to the ball contact triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0010] Preferably, the wave energy generation module includes a pneumatic wave energy generation unit, which includes an air chamber, a central tube, an air turbine, and a first rotary generator. The air chamber and the central tube are located at the center of the oscillating water column float. The bottom of the air chamber is connected to the top of the central tube. The air turbine is fixedly installed at the top opening of the air chamber. The bottom of the air turbine is fixedly and sealed to the oscillating water column float. The first rotary generator is located above the air turbine, and the rotor of the air turbine is coaxially and fixedly connected to the shaft of the first rotary generator.

[0011] Preferably, the ball-contact triboelectric nanogenerator includes an outer spherical shell, a rolling ball, and a vertical connecting rod. The inner surface of the outer spherical shell is covered with a first friction layer, and the outer surface of the rolling ball is covered with a conductive layer. The rolling ball is housed in the internal cavity of the outer spherical shell and can roll freely within the cavity. The upper end of the vertical connecting rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the ratchet generator. The bottom of the oscillating water column float has a through hole that slides and seals with the vertical connecting rod. The lower end of the vertical connecting rod passes through the through hole and is fixedly connected to the outer spherical shell.

[0012] Preferably, the ratchet power generation device includes a motion conversion component and a ratchet power generation component. The motion conversion component includes a connecting block, a lower guide rod seat, a ratchet guide rod, an upper guide rod seat, and a fixing plate. Two ratchet guide rods are arranged side by side, with their upper ends fixedly connected to the fixing plate and their lower ends fixedly connected to the connecting block. The connecting block is fixedly connected to the ball contact type friction nanogenerator. The upper guide rod seat and the lower guide rod seat are both fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixing sleeve. Both the upper and lower guide rod seats have two symmetrically distributed guide grooves. The upper and lower ends of the two ratchet guide rods pass through the upper guide rod seat and the lower guide rod seat, respectively. The guide rod seat corresponds to the guide groove and forms a sliding pair; the ratchet guide rod is composed of two ratchet half guide rods symmetrically distributed front and rear, and multiple pawl mounting spaces are formed between the two ratchet half guide rods arranged linearly along the axial direction. Each pawl mounting space is equipped with a pawl mechanism, which includes a pawl, a rotating shaft, and a return spring. The pawl is rotatably connected to the two ratchet half guide rods through the rotating shafts on both sides of its middle part. One end of the pawl is located in the pawl mounting space, and the return spring is installed in the pawl mounting space and abuts against one end of the pawl. The other end of the pawl is located outside the pawl mounting space, and the pawl mechanisms of the two ratchet guide rods are assembled in opposite directions. The ratchet power generation assembly includes a ratchet shaft, a ratchet shaft seat, a ratchet, a second rotary generator, and a generator base. The ratchet shaft is fixedly inserted through the center of the ratchet. One end of the ratchet shaft is rotatably mounted on the ratchet shaft seat, and the ratchet shaft seat is fixed to the lower guide rod seat. The other end of the ratchet shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the input shaft of the second rotary generator. The second rotary generator is fixed to the lower guide rod seat via the generator base. The ratchet engages simultaneously with the pawls on the two ratchet guide rods.

[0013] Preferably, the vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerator includes a first triboelectric nanogenerator, a fourth triboelectric nanogenerator, a fixed guide rod, and an elastic sliding assembly. The first triboelectric nanogenerator is fixedly connected to the upper end of the ratchet generator. The top center of the first triboelectric nanogenerator is fixedly connected to the bottom center of the fourth triboelectric nanogenerator through the vertical fixed guide rod. Both the first and fourth triboelectric nanogenerators are first disks with a single-sided contact boss. The elastic sliding assembly is movably mounted on the fixed guide rod and located between the first and fourth triboelectric nanogenerators. The elastic sliding assembly includes a second triboelectric nanogenerator, a third triboelectric nanogenerator, a spring fixing member, and springs. The second and third triboelectric nanogenerators are slidably mounted on the fixed guide rod from bottom to top through their central holes. Multiple evenly distributed springs are connected between the edge portions of the second and third triboelectric nanogenerators through the spring fixing member. Both the second and third triboelectric nanogenerators are second discs with double-sided contact bosses. The diameter of the second disc is larger than that of the first disc. The fixed sleeve includes an upper sleeve and a lower sleeve fixedly connected. A limiting groove is formed between the lower inner wall of the upper sleeve and the upper flange of the lower sleeve. The second and third triboelectric nanogenerators slide in cooperation with the limiting groove.

[0014] Preferably, the wind power generation module includes a motor mounting bracket, a vertical axis wind turbine, and blades. The motor mounting bracket is fixed to the top of the oscillating water column float, the vertical axis wind turbine is fixed to the motor mounting bracket, and the central main shaft of the blades is coaxially and fixedly connected to the input shaft of the vertical axis wind turbine.

[0015] Preferably, the anchoring and lifting module includes an anchor retraction mechanism, a suspended body, and anchoring connecting rods. The upper ends of multiple anchoring connecting rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the oscillating water column float, and the lower ends of multiple anchoring connecting rods are fixedly connected to the top of the suspended body. The anchor retraction mechanism is fixed to the bottom of the suspended body. The anchor retraction mechanism includes an anchor, an anchor cable retraction and discharge machine, an anchor cable, and a fixed base. The fixed base is fixed to the bottom of the suspended body, the anchor cable retraction and discharge machine is installed on the fixed base, one end of the anchor cable is fixedly wound around the output drum of the anchor cable retraction and discharge machine, and the other end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected to the anchor.

[0016] Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a power generation method for a self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity, comprising the following steps: S1. Deploy the entire buoy to a predetermined position at sea using the anchoring and lifting module; S2. When waves act on the oscillating water column float, the wave energy generation module starts generating electricity; S3. When the natural wind blows, the wind power generation module starts to generate electricity; S4. When the sun rises, the photovoltaic power generation module begins to generate electricity; S5. The electrical energy generated by the wave power generation module in step S2, the electrical energy generated by the wind power generation module in step S3, and the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation module in step S4 are collected, processed, stored, and connected to the grid for output, thereby realizing multi-energy complementarity and stable power supply of wind, solar, and wave energy.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: The buoy of this invention integrates wave energy generation modules, photovoltaic power generation modules, and wind power generation modules onto an oscillating water column float. Through multi-energy complementary power generation using wind, solar, and wave energy, it solves the technical problems of traditional marine renewable energy power generation devices, such as single power supply mode, unstable output power, and limited energy density. Specifically, the wave energy generation module cleverly combines mechanical and pneumatic wave energy generation units, improving the energy capture efficiency and power generation performance of the wave energy generation module under complex sea conditions, thereby further increasing the total power output. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on the drawings described below without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic power generation module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the photovoltaic power generation module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the mechanical power generation component in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the mechanical wave energy generation unit and the oscillating water column float in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical power generation components arranged in an equally spaced array along the circumference of the oscillating water column float in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the pneumatic wave energy generation unit and the oscillating water column float in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ball contact triboelectric nanogenerator in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the motion conversion component of the ratchet power generation device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the pawl mechanism of the ratchet power generation device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the ratchet power generation component in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vertical contact triboelectric power generation device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the power generation process of the vertical contact triboelectric power generation device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the wind power generation modules arranged in an equally spaced array along the circumference of the oscillating water column float in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the wind power generation module and the oscillating water column float in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wind power generation module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the anchoring and lifting module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring and lifting module's anchoring mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Marked in the image: 1. Oscillating water column float; 2. Photovoltaic power generation module, 201. Support frame, 202. Motor box, 203. Horizontal turntable, 204. Turntable bracket, 205. Servo bracket, 206. Dual-axis servo, 207. Photovoltaic mounting bracket, 208. Photosensitive sensor, 209. Photovoltaic panel; 3. Wave Energy Generation Module; 3-1. Ball Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator; 3-2. Ratchet Generator; 3-3. Vertical Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator; 3-4. Fixed Sleeve; 3-41. Upper Sleeve; 3-42. Lower Sleeve; 3-5. Central Tube; 3-6. Air Chamber; 3-7. Air Turbine; 3-8. First Rotary Generator; 301. Outer Spherical Shell; 302. Rolling Ball; 303. Vertical Connecting Rod; 304. Connecting Block; 305. Lower Guide Rod Seat; 306. Ratchet Guide Rod; 307. Upper Guide Rod Seat. 308. Fixed plate; 309. Pawl mechanism; 310. Pawl; 311. Rotating shaft; 312. Return spring; 313. Ratchet half guide rod; 314. Ratchet shaft; 315. Ratchet shaft seat; 316. Ratchet; 317. Second rotary generator; 318. Generator base; 319. First triboelectric nano-generator; 320. Second triboelectric nano-generator; 321. Third triboelectric nano-generator; 322. Fourth triboelectric nano-generator; 323. Fixed guide rod; 325. Spring fixing component; 326. Spring; 4. Wind power generation module; 401. Motor mounting bracket; 402. Vertical axis wind turbine; 403. Blade. 5. Anchoring and lifting module; 501. Anchor retraction and deployment mechanism; 502. Suspension body; 503. Anchoring connecting rod; 504. Anchor; 505. Anchor cable retraction and discharge motor; 506. Anchor cable; 507. Fixing base. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. To make the above features and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments are provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings for detailed description.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 18 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity, including an oscillating water column buoy 1, a wave energy power generation module 3 provided on the oscillating water column buoy 1, a photovoltaic power generation module 2 and a wind power generation module 4 provided on the top of the oscillating water column buoy 1, and an anchoring and lifting module 5 provided on the bottom of the oscillating water column buoy 1.

[0040] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 3The photovoltaic power generation module 2 includes a support frame 201. The bottom of the support frame 201 is fixed to the upper surface of the oscillating water column float 1. Multiple (e.g., four) arrayed motor housings 202 are fixedly installed on the support frame 201. For example, one motor housing 202 is fixed around each of the four sides of the support frame 201. Each motor housing 202 contains a drive motor (not shown in the figure). The output shaft of the drive motor passes through the motor housing 202 and is fixedly connected to a horizontal turntable 203. The horizontal turntable 203 rotates horizontally under the drive of the drive motor. A turntable is fixed on the horizontal turntable 203. A bracket 204 is used as the turntable bracket. A servo bracket 205 is fixed on the turntable bracket 204. A dual-axis servo motor 206 is fixedly mounted on the servo bracket 205. Inclined photovoltaic mounting frames 207 are rotatably connected to both sides of the turntable bracket 204. The two output shafts of the dual-axis servo motor 206 are coaxially fixedly connected to the two rotating shafts on both sides of the photovoltaic mounting frame 207. A photovoltaic panel 209 is fixedly mounted on the photovoltaic mounting frame 207. A photosensor 208 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the photovoltaic panel 209 mounting frame. The photosensor 208, the dual-axis servo motor 206, and the drive motor are all electrically connected to the photovoltaic controller. In this embodiment, the photosensor 208 senses the illumination angle in real time and provides feedback signals to the photovoltaic controller. The photovoltaic controller drives the photovoltaic mounting frame 207 to rotate horizontally via the drive motor and drives the photovoltaic mounting frame 207 to rotate vertically via the dual-axis servo motor 206, thereby changing the pitch and deflection of the photovoltaic panel 209, realizing the automatic solar tracking function and improving the solar energy utilization rate. Both the photosensitive sensor 208 and the photovoltaic controller can be existing mature products, which will not be elaborated here.

[0041] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4As shown in Figure 7, the wave energy power generation module 3 includes a mechanical wave energy power generation unit, which includes at least one mechanical power generation component, such as four mechanical power generation components arranged in a circumferentially equidistant array, capable of responding to wave excitation from different directions in all directions. The mechanical power generation component includes a ball contact friction nanogenerator 3-1, a ratchet power generation device 3-2, a vertical contact friction nanogenerator 3-3, and a fixed sleeve 3-4. The upper end of the fixed sleeve 3-4 is fixedly installed on the top surface inside the oscillating water column float 1. The vertical contact friction nanogenerator 3-3 and the ratchet power generation device 3-2 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the fixed sleeve 3-4. The fixed sleeve 3-4 provides radial positioning and axial guidance for the entire mechanical power generation component. The lower end of the ratchet power generation device 3-2 is fixedly connected to the ball contact friction nanogenerator 3-1. Furthermore, the wave energy power generation module 3 also includes a pneumatic wave energy power generation unit, which includes an air chamber 3-6, a central tube 3-5, an air turbine 3-7, and a first rotary generator 3-8. The air chamber 3-6 and the central tube 3-5 are located at the center of the oscillating water column float 1. The bottom of the air chamber 3-6 is connected to the top of the central tube 3-5. The air turbine 3-7 is fixedly installed at the top opening of the air chamber 3-6. The bottom of the air turbine 3-7 is fixedly and sealed to the oscillating water column float 1 to improve the wave energy conversion rate. The first rotary generator 3-8 is located above the air turbine 3-7. The rotor of the air turbine 3-7 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the shaft of the first rotary generator 3-8.

[0042] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 8 The ball-contact triboelectric nanogenerator 3-1 includes an outer spherical shell 301, a rolling ball 302, and a vertical connecting rod 303. The inner surface of the outer spherical shell 301 is covered with a first friction layer, and the outer surface of the rolling ball 302 is covered with a conductive layer. The rolling ball 302 is housed in the internal cavity of the outer spherical shell 301 and can roll freely within the cavity. The upper end of the vertical connecting rod 303 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the ratchet generator 3-2. The bottom of the oscillating water column float 1 has a through hole that slides and seals with the vertical connecting rod 303. The lower end of the vertical connecting rod 303 passes through the through hole and is fixedly connected to the outer spherical shell 301. When waves cause the entire buoy to tilt or sway, the rolling ball 302 rolls relative to the inner wall of the outer spherical shell 301 under inertia, causing periodic contact and separation between the conductive layer and the first friction layer. Based on the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction, the low-frequency swaying mechanical energy of the waves is efficiently converted into electrical energy.

[0043] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 , Figures 9 to 11The ratchet power generation device 3-2 includes a motion conversion component and a ratchet power generation component. The motion conversion component includes a connecting block 304, a lower guide rod seat 305, a ratchet guide rod 306, an upper guide rod seat 307, and a fixing plate 308. Two ratchet guide rods 306 are arranged side-by-side, with their upper ends fixedly connected to the fixing plate 308 and their lower ends fixedly connected to the connecting block 304. The connecting block 304 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertical connecting rod 303 of the ball contact friction nanofiber device 3-1, thereby transmitting the heave motion of the oscillating water column float 1 to the ratchet guide rods 306. The upper guide rod seat 307 and lower guide rod seat 305 are both fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixing sleeve 3-4. Both the upper and lower guide rod seats 307 and 305 have two symmetrically distributed guide grooves. The upper and lower ends of the two ratchet guide rods 306 respectively penetrate the corresponding guide grooves of the upper and lower guide rod seats 307 and 305, forming a... A sliding pair is formed to ensure that the ratchet guide rod 306 reciprocates in the vertical direction. The ratchet guide rod 306 consists of two ratchet half guide rods 313 symmetrically distributed front and rear. Multiple pawl mounting spaces are formed between the two ratchet half guide rods 313 arranged linearly along the axial direction. Each pawl mounting space is equipped with a pawl mechanism 309. The pawl mechanism 309 includes a pawl 310, a rotating shaft 311, and a return spring 312. The pawl 310 is rotatably connected to the two ratchet half guide rods 313 through the rotating shafts 311 on both sides of its middle part. One end of the pawl 310 is located in the pawl mounting space. The return spring 312 is installed in the pawl mounting space and abuts against one end of the pawl 310. The return spring 312 keeps the pawl 310 tending to engage with the ratchet 316. The other end of the pawl 310 is located outside the pawl mounting space. The pawl mechanisms 309 of the two ratchet guide rods 306 are assembled in opposite directions. The ratchet power generation assembly includes a ratchet shaft 314, a ratchet shaft seat 315, a ratchet 316, a second rotary generator 317, and a generator base 318. The ratchet shaft 314 is fixedly inserted through the center of the ratchet 316. One end of the ratchet shaft 314 is rotatably mounted on the ratchet shaft seat 315, which is fixed on the lower guide rod seat 305. The other end of the ratchet shaft 314 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the input shaft of the second rotary generator 317. The second rotary generator 317 is fixed on the lower guide rod seat 305 via the generator base 318. The ratchet 316 engages simultaneously with the pawls 310 on the two ratchet guide rods 306. When the oscillating water column float 1 moves up and down under the action of waves, it drives a pair of ratchet guide rods 306 to perform reciprocating linear motion. Regardless of whether the ratchet guide rods 306 move up or down, since the pawls 310 on the two ratchet guide rods 306 are facing opposite directions, there is always a pawl 310 on one of the ratchet guide rods 306 that pushes the ratchet 316 to rotate in the same direction, thereby continuously driving the second rotary generator 317 to generate electricity.

[0044] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 The vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerator 3-3 includes a first triboelectric nanogenerator 319, a fourth triboelectric nanogenerator 322, a fixed guide rod 323, and an elastic sliding assembly. The first triboelectric nanogenerator 319 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the ratchet generator 3-2 so that the vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerator 3-3 can reciprocate vertically with a pair of ratchet guide rods 306 of the ratchet generator 3-2. The top center of the first triboelectric nanogenerator 319 is fixedly connected to the bottom center of the fourth triboelectric nanogenerator 322 through the vertical fixed guide rod 323. Both the first triboelectric nanogenerator 319 and the fourth triboelectric nanogenerator 322 are first disks with a single-sided contact boss. The elastic sliding assembly is movably mounted on the fixed guide rod 323 and located between the first triboelectric nanogenerator 319 and the fourth triboelectric nanogenerator 322. The elastic sliding assembly includes a second triboelectric nano-generating plate 320, a third triboelectric nano-generating plate 321, a spring fixing member 325, and springs 326. The second triboelectric nano-generating plate 320 and the third triboelectric nano-generating plate 321 are slidably sleeved on the fixed guide rod 323 from bottom to top through their central holes. Multiple evenly distributed springs 326 are connected between the edge of the second triboelectric nano-generating plate 320 and the edge of the third triboelectric nano-generating plate 321 via the spring fixing member 325. Both the first triboelectric nano-generator 320 and the third triboelectric nano-generator 321 are second disks with double-sided contact bosses. The diameter of the second disk is slightly larger than that of the first disk. The fixed sleeve 3-4 includes an upper sleeve 3-41 and a lower sleeve 3-42 fixedly connected. A limiting groove is formed between the lower inner wall of the upper sleeve 3-41 and the upper flange of the lower sleeve 3-42. The second triboelectric nano-generator 320 and the third triboelectric nano-generator 321 slide in the limiting groove, allowing the elastic sliding assembly to slide within the range of the limiting groove. In this embodiment, during the vertical reciprocating motion, the relative displacement of the first triboelectric nano-generator 319 and the fourth triboelectric nano-generator 322 drives the elastic sliding assembly to slide relative to each other. Under the compression and rebound of the spring 326, the contact bosses of each triboelectric nano-generator (also called TENG plate) periodically contact and separate, thereby generating pulsed electrical energy through the triboelectric effect.

[0045] In this embodiment, please participate Figure 1 , Figures 14 to 16The wind power generation module 4 includes a motor mounting bracket 401, a vertical axis wind turbine generator 402, and blades 403. The motor mounting bracket 401 is fixed to the top of the oscillating water column float 1, the vertical axis wind turbine generator 402 is fixed to the motor mounting bracket 401, and the central main shaft of the blades 403 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the input shaft of the vertical axis wind turbine generator 402. For example, four wind power generation modules 4 are arranged in a circumferentially evenly spaced array on the top of the oscillating water column float 1, which can effectively utilize wind energy from any direction and achieve stable energy capture across all wind directions.

[0046] In this embodiment, please participate Figure 1 , Figure 17 and Figure 18 The anchoring and lifting module 5 is used for the mooring and working depth adjustment of the entire buoy. The anchoring and lifting module 5 includes an anchor launching and retracting mechanism 501, a suspension body 502, and anchoring connecting rods 503. The upper ends of multiple anchoring connecting rods 503 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the oscillating water column buoy 1, and the lower ends of multiple anchoring connecting rods 503 are fixedly connected to the top of the suspension body 502. The anchor launching and retracting mechanism 501 is fixed to the bottom of the suspension body 502. The anchor launching and retracting mechanism 501 includes an anchor 504, an anchor cable launching and retracting machine 505, an anchor cable 506, and a fixing seat 507. The fixing seat 507 is embedded and fixed in the mounting groove at the bottom of the suspension body 502. The anchor cable launching and retracting machine 505 is installed on the fixing seat 507. One end of the anchor cable 506 is fixedly wound around the output drum of the anchor cable launching and retracting machine 505, and the other end of the anchor cable 506 is fixedly connected to the anchor 504. In this embodiment, the release and retrieval of the anchor 504 can be achieved by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the anchor cable retractor 505, thereby adapting to different water depth conditions and ensuring the stability of the buoy.

[0047] Please also see Figures 1 to 18 This embodiment also provides a power generation method for a self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity, including the following steps: S1. Buoy Deployment and Adaptive Anchoring: The entire buoy is deployed to a predetermined position at sea via the anchoring and lifting module 5; S2, Wave power generation: When waves act on the oscillating water column float 1, the wave power generation module 3 starts to generate electricity; S3, Wind Power Generation: When the natural wind blows, the wind power generation module 4 starts generating electricity; S4. Solar power generation and active tracking: When the sun rises, photovoltaic module 2 starts generating electricity; S5. Power collection and complementary output: The power generated by the wave power generation module 3 in step S2, the power generated by the wind power generation module 44 in step S3, and the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module 2 in step S4 are collected, processed, stored and output to the grid in a unified manner, so as to realize multi-energy complementarity and stable power supply of wind, solar and wave energy.

[0048] In this embodiment, in step S1, the anchor cable retractor 505 is activated to release or retrieve the anchor cable 506, thereby adjusting the working draft of the buoy to adapt to different water depths and sea conditions, and finally mooring and fixing it through the anchor 504 to ensure that the buoy remains stable under the action of waves.

[0049] In this embodiment, in step S2, both the mechanical wave energy generation unit and the pneumatic wave energy generation unit are activated simultaneously. The specific process includes: S21, Mechanical wave energy generation: S211, Ball contact triboelectric nanogenerator 3-1 generates electricity: When waves cause the buoy to tilt or sway horizontally, the rolling ball 302 inside the ball contact triboelectric nanogenerator 3-1 rolls freely in the inner cavity of the outer ball under the action of inertia, so that the conductive layer on its surface and the first friction layer on the inner surface of the outer spherical shell 301 periodically contact and separate. Based on the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction, the low-frequency swaying mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. S212, Ratchet Generator 3-2 generates electricity: The heaving motion of the oscillating water column float 1 drives a pair of ratchet guide rods 306 to reciprocate linearly in the vertical direction. Since the pawl mechanism 309 mounted on the pair of ratchet guide rods 306 faces opposite directions, in the reciprocating motion of the two ratchet guide rods 306, the motion in one direction can always push the ratchet 316 to rotate continuously in a single direction through its pawl 310; the rotation of the ratchet 316 drives the second rotary generator 317 connected to it to generate electricity. S213, Vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerator 3-3 generates electricity: The vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerator 3-3 moves vertically back and forth with the ratchet guide rod 306. Through the relative displacement of the first triboelectric nanogenerator 319 and the fourth triboelectric nanogenerator 322, the elastic sliding component is driven to slide relative to each other. Under the compression and rebound of the spring 326, the contact bosses of each triboelectric nanogenerator periodically contact and separate, thereby generating pulsed electrical energy through the triboelectric effect. S22, Pneumatic wave energy generation: The wave drives the water column in the central tube 3-5 of the oscillating water column float 1 to move up and down, which compresses the air in the air chamber 3-6 to flow back and forth, thereby driving the air turbine 3-7 installed at the top opening of the air chamber 3-6 to rotate. The air turbine 3-7 directly drives the first rotating generator 3-8 to generate electricity.

[0050] In this embodiment, in step S3, the natural wind blows the blades 403 of the wind power generation module 4, causing the blades 403 to rotate and drive the vertical axis wind turbine 402 to generate electricity; wherein, multiple (such as four, eight, etc.) wind power generation modules 4 distributed in a circumferentially evenly spaced array ensure that wind energy from any direction can be effectively captured.

[0051] In this embodiment, step S4, the specific process of the photovoltaic power generation matrix module includes: S41, the photosensitive sensor 208 senses the incident angle of sunlight in real time and generates a feedback signal to send to the dual-axis servo motor 206; S42. Based on the feedback signal, the photovoltaic controller drives the photovoltaic panel 209 mounting bracket to perform pitch movement via the dual-axis servo motor 206, thereby adjusting the orientation of the photovoltaic panel 209 so that it is always facing the sun to maximize the reception of solar radiation. S43. Based on the feedback signal, the photovoltaic controller drives the horizontal turntable 203 to rotate horizontally via the drive motor, and further coordinates the adjustment of the horizontal azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel 209 to achieve all-round solar tracking. S44. The photovoltaic panel 209, after its angle has been optimized, efficiently converts solar energy into electrical energy.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0053] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0054] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity, characterized in that, The device includes an oscillating water column float, which is equipped with a wave energy power generation module, a photovoltaic power generation module and a wind power generation module at the top, and an anchoring and lifting module at the bottom.

2. The self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation module includes a support frame. The bottom of the support frame is fixed to the upper surface of the oscillating water column float. Multiple arrayed motor housings are fixedly installed on the support frame. A drive motor is installed inside each motor housing. The output shaft of the drive motor passes through the motor housing and is fixedly connected to a horizontal turntable. A turntable bracket is fixed on the horizontal turntable. A servo bracket is fixed on the turntable bracket. A dual-axis servo is fixedly installed on the servo bracket. Inclined photovoltaic mounting frames are rotatably connected to both sides of the turntable bracket. The two output shafts of the dual-axis servo are coaxially fixedly connected to the two rotating shafts on both sides of the photovoltaic mounting frame. A photovoltaic panel is fixedly installed on the photovoltaic mounting frame. A photosensitive sensor is fixedly installed at the upper end of the photovoltaic mounting frame. The photosensitive sensor, the dual-axis servo, and the drive motor are all electrically connected to a photovoltaic controller.

3. A self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wave energy power generation module includes a mechanical wave energy power generation unit, which includes at least one mechanical power generation component. The mechanical power generation component includes a ball contact triboelectric nanogenerator, a ratchet power generation device, a vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerator, and a fixed sleeve. The upper end of the fixed sleeve is fixedly installed on the top surface inside the oscillating water column float. The vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerator and the ratchet power generation device are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the fixed sleeve. The lower end of the ratchet power generation device is fixedly connected to the ball contact triboelectric nanogenerator.

4. A self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The wave energy power generation module includes a pneumatic wave energy power generation unit, which includes an air chamber, a central tube, an air turbine, and a first rotary generator. The air chamber and the central tube are located at the center of the oscillating water column float. The bottom of the air chamber is connected to the top of the central tube. The air turbine is fixedly installed at the top opening of the air chamber, and the bottom of the air turbine is fixedly and sealed to the oscillating water column float. The first rotary generator is located above the air turbine, and the rotor of the air turbine is coaxially and fixedly connected to the shaft of the first rotary generator.

5. A self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ball-contact triboelectric nanogenerator includes an outer spherical shell, a rolling ball, and a vertical connecting rod. The inner surface of the outer spherical shell is covered with a first friction layer, and the outer surface of the rolling ball is covered with a conductive layer. The rolling ball is housed in the internal cavity of the outer spherical shell and can roll freely within the cavity. The upper end of the vertical connecting rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the ratchet generator. The bottom of the oscillating water column float has a through hole that slides and seals with the vertical connecting rod. The lower end of the vertical connecting rod passes through the through hole and is fixedly connected to the outer spherical shell.

6. A self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ratchet power generation device includes a motion conversion component and a ratchet power generation component. The motion conversion component includes a connecting block, a lower guide rod seat, a ratchet guide rod, an upper guide rod seat, and a fixing plate. Two ratchet guide rods are arranged side by side, with their upper ends fixedly connected to the fixing plate and their lower ends fixedly connected to the connecting block. The connecting block is fixedly connected to the ball contact type friction nanogenerator. The upper and lower guide rod seats are both fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixing sleeve. Both the upper and lower guide rod seats have two symmetrically distributed guide grooves. The upper and lower ends of the two ratchet guide rods pass through the upper guide rod seat and the lower guide rod seat, respectively. The seat corresponds to the guide groove and forms a sliding pair; the ratchet guide rod is composed of two ratchet half guide rods symmetrically distributed front and rear, and multiple pawl mounting spaces are formed between the two ratchet half guide rods arranged linearly along the axial direction. Each pawl mounting space is equipped with a pawl mechanism, which includes a pawl, a rotating shaft and a return spring. The pawl is rotatably connected to the two ratchet half guide rods through the rotating shafts on both sides of its middle part. One end of the pawl is located in the pawl mounting space, and the return spring is installed in the pawl mounting space and abuts against one end of the pawl. The other end of the pawl is located outside the pawl mounting space, and the pawl mechanisms of the two ratchet guide rods are assembled in opposite directions. The ratchet power generation assembly includes a ratchet shaft, a ratchet shaft seat, a ratchet, a second rotary generator, and a generator base. The ratchet shaft is fixedly inserted through the center of the ratchet. One end of the ratchet shaft is rotatably mounted on the ratchet shaft seat, and the ratchet shaft seat is fixed to the lower guide rod seat. The other end of the ratchet shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the input shaft of the second rotary generator. The second rotary generator is fixed to the lower guide rod seat via the generator base. The ratchet engages simultaneously with the pawls on the two ratchet guide rods.

7. A self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vertical contact triboelectric nanogenerator includes a first triboelectric nanogenerator, a fourth triboelectric nanogenerator, a fixed guide rod, and an elastic sliding assembly. The first triboelectric nanogenerator is fixedly connected to the upper end of the ratchet generator. The top center of the first triboelectric nanogenerator is fixedly connected to the bottom center of the fourth triboelectric nanogenerator through the vertical fixed guide rod. Both the first and fourth triboelectric nanogenerators are first disks with a single-sided contact boss. The elastic sliding assembly is movably mounted on the fixed guide rod and located between the first and fourth triboelectric nanogenerators. The elastic sliding assembly includes a second triboelectric nanogenerator, a third triboelectric nanogenerator, a spring fixing member, and springs. The second and third triboelectric nanogenerators are slidably mounted on the fixed guide rod from bottom to top through their central holes. Multiple evenly distributed springs are connected between the edge portions of the second and third triboelectric nanogenerators through the spring fixing member. Both the second and third triboelectric nanogenerators are second discs with double-sided contact bosses. The diameter of the second disc is larger than that of the first disc. The fixed sleeve includes an upper sleeve and a lower sleeve fixedly connected. A limiting groove is formed between the lower inner wall of the upper sleeve and the upper flange of the lower sleeve. The second and third triboelectric nanogenerators slide in cooperation with the limiting groove.

8. A self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind power generation module includes a motor mounting bracket, a vertical axis wind turbine, and blades. The motor mounting bracket is fixed to the top of the oscillating water column float, the vertical axis wind turbine is fixed on the motor mounting bracket, and the central main shaft of the blade is coaxially and fixedly connected to the input shaft of the vertical axis wind turbine.

9. A self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring and lifting module includes an anchor retraction mechanism, a suspended body, and anchoring connecting rods. The upper ends of multiple anchoring connecting rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the oscillating water column float, and the lower ends of multiple anchoring connecting rods are fixedly connected to the top of the suspended body. The anchor retraction mechanism is fixed to the bottom of the suspended body. The anchor retraction mechanism includes an anchor, an anchor cable retraction and discharge machine, an anchor cable, and a fixed base. The fixed base is fixed to the bottom of the suspended body. The anchor cable retraction and discharge machine is installed on the fixed base. One end of the anchor cable is fixedly wound around the output drum of the anchor cable retraction and discharge machine, and the other end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected to the anchor.

10. A power generation method for a self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity, using a self-powered buoy based on wind-solar-wave multi-energy complementarity as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Deploy the entire buoy to a predetermined position at sea using the anchoring and lifting module; S2. When waves act on the oscillating water column float, the wave energy generation module starts generating electricity; S3. When the natural wind blows, the wind power generation module starts to generate electricity; S4. When the sun rises, the photovoltaic power generation module begins to generate electricity; S5. The electrical energy generated by the wave power generation module in step S2, the electrical energy generated by the wind power generation module in step S3, and the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation module in step S4 are collected, processed, stored, and connected to the grid for output, thereby realizing multi-energy complementarity and stable power supply of wind, solar, and wave energy.

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