Satellite beam number adjustment method, device, equipment, medium and program product

Abstract

The application discloses a satellite beam number adjustment method and device, equipment, medium and program product, and relates to the technical field of satellite communication. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a predicted signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of a communication link between a high-orbit satellite and a low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period, and a channel type and a modulation coding strategy of the communication link; determining a corresponding demodulation threshold according to the channel type and the modulation coding strategy; determining a target beam number according to the predicted signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio and the demodulation threshold; and performing communication with the low-orbit satellite terminal by using a beam with the target beam number in the preset scheduling period. According to the actual channel condition of the low-orbit satellite terminal, a suitable demodulation threshold can be selected, and then the number of service beams is dynamically adapted, so that the communication link performance and the resource utilization rate are improved, and the method can be widely applied to high-low-orbit satellite communication systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, device, medium, and program product for adjusting the number of satellite beams. Background Technology

[0002] Communication between high-orbit (GEO) and low-orbit (LEO) satellites typically employs phased array antennas or reflector antennas, utilizing beamforming techniques to improve link budget gain and spectral efficiency. However, due to power limitations and constraints on satellite and antenna size, the number of available beams is finite. As terminals, LEO satellites exhibit significantly different gain requirements for the transceiver link due to variations in their spatial location, attitude changes, and the type of physical channel they utilize.

[0003] The current static beam allocation method either leads to insufficient link budget, causing edge terminals to malfunction, or it wastes resources, with ground-based terminals occupying too many beams, which is not conducive to improving the number of terminals that the system can serve and the overall throughput. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method, apparatus, device, medium, and program product for adjusting the number of satellite beams, in order to solve the technical problem that the existing static beam allocation method cannot dynamically adapt the number of beams according to the actual scenario of the low-orbit satellite terminal, resulting in insufficient link performance or waste of resources.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a satellite beam number adjustment method, applied to a high-orbit satellite, wherein the high-orbit satellite communicates with a low-orbit satellite terminal, the method comprising: The predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the communication link between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period is obtained, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link. Determine the corresponding demodulation threshold based on the channel type and the modulation and coding strategy; The number of target beams is determined based on the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the demodulation threshold. During the preset scheduling period, the target number of beams are used to communicate with the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal.

[0006] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a satellite beam number adjustment device, applied to a high-orbit satellite, wherein the high-orbit satellite communicates with a low-orbit satellite terminal, and the device includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the communication link between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link; The demodulation threshold determination module is used to determine the corresponding demodulation threshold according to the channel type and the modulation and coding strategy; A beam number determination module is used to determine the target beam number based on the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the demodulation threshold. A communication module is used to communicate with the low-orbit satellite terminal using the target number of beams during the preset scheduling period.

[0007] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, the electronic device comprising: At least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, which is then executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the satellite beam number adjustment method according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0008] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the satellite beam number adjustment method described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the satellite beam number adjustment method described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] The technical solution of this embodiment obtains the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the communication link between a high-orbit satellite and a low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link; determines the corresponding demodulation threshold based on the channel type and modulation and coding strategy; determines the target number of beams based on the predicted SIR and the demodulation threshold; and uses the target number of beams to communicate with the low-orbit satellite terminal during the preset scheduling period. This embodiment can select an appropriate demodulation threshold based on the actual channel conditions (channel type and modulation and coding strategy) of the low-orbit satellite terminal, and then dynamically adapt the number of serving beams based on the predicted SIR and the demodulation threshold, thereby improving the performance of the communication link and resource utilization. It can be widely applied to high- and low-orbit satellite communication systems.

[0011] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a satellite beam number adjustment method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a satellite beam number adjustment method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a satellite beam number adjustment method provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system for high and low Earth orbit satellites provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a satellite beam number adjustment device provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for implementing the satellite beam number adjustment method of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0016] Example 1 Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a satellite beam number adjustment method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to situations where low-Earth orbit satellite terminals dynamically and adaptively adapt the number of beams in real-world scenarios. The method can be executed by a satellite beam number adjustment device, which can be implemented in hardware and / or software and can be configured in an electronic device. This electronic device can be integrated into a high-Earth orbit satellite, facilitating communication between the high-Earth orbit satellite and the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal.

[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: S110. Obtain the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the communication link between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link.

[0018] The communication link refers to the radio transmission channel established between the high-orbit satellite GEO and the low-orbit satellite LEO terminal, including the forward link (the direction in which GEO sends signals to the LEO terminal, i.e., GEO is the sender and the LEO terminal is the receiver) and the return link (the direction in which the LEO terminal sends signals to GEO, i.e., the LEO terminal is the sender and the GEO is the receiver).

[0019] Channel type refers to the physical channel used when LEO terminals communicate with GEO terminals, such as the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) in 5G NR.

[0020] A modulation and coding scheme (MCS) is an index value used in digital communication systems to represent the combination of modulation order and channel coding rate. It directly determines the spectral efficiency of data transmission and the demodulation threshold required for demodulation at the receiver. For example, modulation schemes may include QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, etc., and coding rates may be 1 / 2, 2 / 3, 3 / 4, etc. A higher MCS results in higher spectral efficiency, but also a higher required demodulation threshold.

[0021] In this embodiment, it is necessary to predict the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the communication link between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite terminal in advance during the scheduling period, and to determine the number of target beams. Therefore, the preset scheduling period can be the scheduling period after a certain period of time after the current prediction period. For example, the SIR of the communication link is predicted in the first period (current prediction period), and the number of target beams in the second period (preset scheduling period) is determined based on the SIR of the second period predicted in the first period.

[0022] In this embodiment, in the high-Earth orbit and low-Earth orbit satellite communication system, the GEO and LEO terminals communicate via scheduling cycles (e.g., 1ms, 10ms, or transmission time intervals configured by the system). Within each scheduling cycle, the GEO needs to obtain three core parameters of the communication link: signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR), channel type, and modulation and coding scheme (MCS). When the communication link is a forward link, the GEO can directly receive the current SIR of the forward link measured and transmitted by the LEO terminal, and adjust the current SIR according to the estimated path loss of the preset scheduling cycle to obtain the predicted SIR. When the current communication link is a backward link, the GEO can obtain the link budget parameters of the LEO terminal and determine the predicted SIR of the forward link based on the link budget parameters.

[0023] S120. Determine the corresponding demodulation threshold based on the channel type and modulation and coding strategy.

[0024] In this embodiment, the demodulation threshold refers to the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) required for the receiver to correctly demodulate the channel signal. Reliable transmission with a block error rate (BIR) below 10% can only be guaranteed when the actual received SNR is greater than or equal to the demodulation threshold. Different channel types and MCSs correspond to different demodulation thresholds. For example, PRACH typically has a lower demodulation threshold than PUSCH, and lower-order MCSs have lower demodulation thresholds than higher-order MCSs.

[0025] In this embodiment, the demodulation threshold can be obtained in advance through simulation or actual measurement and stored in the lookup table module of the high-orbit satellite. The high-orbit satellite reads the corresponding demodulation threshold from the table based on the acquired channel type and MCS index.

[0026] S130. Determine the number of target beams based on the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and demodulation threshold.

[0027] In this embodiment, the estimated predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) is compared with the demodulation threshold. If the predicted SIR meets the threshold, fewer beams (e.g., one beam) are used; if not, the number of beams is gradually increased, and the gain from multiple beam combining is used to compensate for insufficient link margin, until the threshold is met or the preset maximum number of beams is reached.

[0028] S140. Use the target number of beams to communicate with the low-orbit satellite terminal during the preset scheduling cycle.

[0029] In this embodiment, the GEO configures a corresponding number of beams within a preset scheduling period according to the target number of beams determined in step S120, and communicates with the LEO terminal. If the communication link is a return link: the GEO uses the receiving beams of the target number of beams, and simultaneously receives the uplink signal from the LEO terminal, and obtains the combining gain through beam combining (such as maximum ratio combining).

[0030] If the communication link is a forward link: GEO uses the target number of transmit beams and simultaneously sends downlink signals to the LEO terminal, improving the terminal's received signal-to-noise ratio through spatial diversity or beamforming.

[0031] The technical solution of this embodiment obtains the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the communication link between a high-orbit satellite and a low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link; determines the corresponding demodulation threshold based on the channel type and modulation and coding strategy; determines the target number of beams based on the predicted SINR and the demodulation threshold; and uses the target number of beams to communicate with the low-orbit satellite terminal during the preset scheduling period. This embodiment can select an appropriate demodulation threshold according to the actual channel conditions of the low-orbit satellite terminal, thereby dynamically adapting the number of serving beams, improving the performance of the communication link and resource utilization, and can be widely applied to high- and low-orbit satellite communication systems.

[0032] Example 2 Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a satellite beam number adjustment method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Embodiment 2 optimizes the method for determining the target beam number based on any of the above embodiments. For details not covered in this embodiment, please refer to any of the above embodiments.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: S210. Obtain the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the communication link between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite terminal, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link.

[0034] S220: determining a corresponding demodulation threshold according to the channel type and the modulation and coding scheme.

[0035] S230: determining whether the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is greater than or equal to the demodulation threshold.

[0036] In this embodiment, the high-orbit satellite compares the estimated predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (C / (N+I)) with the demodulation threshold (Th), and determines the minimum number of beams meeting the link quality requirement in an iterative manner.

[0037] If the determination result is yes, that is, C / (N+I)≥Th, step S240 is executed; if the determination result is no, that is, C / (N+I)<Th, step S250 is executed.

[0038] S240: determining the number of target beams as a first preset number.

[0039] Wherein, the first preset number is the number of configured beams, which can be regarded as a reference number of beams, for example, it is 1 beam.

[0040] In this embodiment, if C / (N+I)≥Th, it indicates that the configured single beam can already meet the demodulation requirement, and there is no need to add beams. At this time, the first preset number is determined as the number of target beams, and subsequent scheduling directly uses the number of beams to communicate with the terminal.

[0041] S250: iteratively increasing the number of beams starting from the first preset number, and acquiring a corresponding combining gain after the number of beams is increased to a candidate number of beams each time, until the sum of the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the accumulated combining gain is greater than or equal to the demodulation threshold or the current number of beams reaches a preset maximum number of beams, and determining the current number of beams as the number of target beams.

[0042] Wherein, the preset maximum number of beams may be an upper limit of the number of available beams dynamically configured by the system.

[0043] In this embodiment, if C / (N+I) < Th, it indicates that the communication link quality is insufficient, which needs to be compensated by the additional gain obtained through multi-beam combining, and it is necessary to enter the process of iteratively increasing the number of beams. The process of iteratively increasing the number of beams may specifically be: taking a first preset number (denoted as N0, for example 1) as the current number of beams. The initial value of the cumulative combining gain Gain is 0. The number of beams is increased to a candidate number of beams according to a preset strategy, and the current number of beams is updated to the new candidate number of beams. After each increase of the number of beams, a combining gain is correspondingly obtained, and the gain is accumulated into the cumulative combining gain. It is calculated whether SINR + cumulative combining gain ≥ Th, or whether the current number of beams has reached a preset maximum number of beams. If any condition is satisfied, the iteration is stopped; otherwise, the number of beams is continuously increased and the above steps are repeated. The current number of beams when the iteration stops is the target number of beams. This number of beams will be used to communicate with the terminal in subsequent scheduling periods.

[0044] In one embodiment, iteratively increasing the number of beams comprises: increasing the number of beams sequentially according to a preset step size. For example, a fixed integer step size is added to the current number of beams each time (for example, one beam is added each time: 1→2→3→4…). This method is suitable for scenarios where the channel quality changes slowly or the system expects to smoothly adjust the number of beams.

[0045] In one embodiment, iteratively increasing the number of beams comprises: increasing the number of beams sequentially by a multiple, multiplying the current number of beams by a fixed multiple each time (for example, doubling each time: 1→2→4→8…). Doubling the number of beams can provide a gain of 2.5 dB. This method can quickly increase the number of beams and obtain significant combining gain, which is especially suitable for situations where the channel quality deteriorates sharply or the terminal is located at a very far coverage edge.

[0046] In one embodiment, iteratively increasing the number of beams comprises: sequentially selecting the next candidate number of beams in a preset set of candidate numbers of beams. The system predefines a set of candidate numbers of beams, for example {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}. During iteration, starting from the currently used number of beams (the initial value is the first preset number, that is, the first element in the set), the next value in the set is sequentially taken as the new candidate number of beams until the stop condition is satisfied or the end of the set is reached.

[0047] As an optional embodiment, the method further comprises: configuring a preset maximum number of beams, wherein the preset maximum number of beams changes with the position information or attitude information of the low-orbit satellite terminal; Wherein, the preset maximum number of beams corresponding to when the position information indicates that the low-orbit satellite terminal is located in the coverage edge area of the high-orbit satellite is greater than the preset maximum number of beams when the terminal is located in the sub-satellite point area.

[0048] In this embodiment, to further optimize beam resource allocation, the present invention allows high-orbit satellites to be configured with a preset maximum number of beams. This value limits the upper limit of the number of beams serving a single low-orbit satellite terminal. During the iterative increase of the number of beams, if the current number of beams reaches the preset maximum number, the iteration will stop even if the sum of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the cumulative combining gain still does not meet the demodulation threshold, and the preset maximum number of beams will be used as the target number of beams. This upper limit can effectively prevent a terminal from infinitely occupying limited satellite beam resources due to extremely poor link conditions, ensuring the overall fairness and stability of the system.

[0049] In this embodiment, the preset maximum number of beams is not fixed, but dynamically adjusted according to the spatial position or attitude information of the LEO satellite terminal. This is because the spatial position and attitude of the LEO terminal directly affect the path loss and scan angle loss of the link, thus determining the upper limit of the potential number of beams required to compensate for the link margin.

[0050] Location information refers to the coverage area of ​​an LEO terminal relative to a high-orbit satellite, mainly including the coverage edge area and the nadir area. When an LEO terminal is covering the edge area, it is farther from the satellite and has a lower elevation angle, resulting in a significantly increased free-space path loss (FSPL). This typically requires more beam combining gain to reach the demodulation threshold. Therefore, a larger preset maximum number of beams should be configured to allow the iterative process to try more beams, ensuring reliable communication for the edge terminal. When an LEO terminal is located in the nadir area, it is closest to the satellite, with lower path loss, and usually only requires fewer beams (e.g., 1 or 2) to meet link requirements. Configuring a smaller preset maximum number of beams avoids over-allocating beams to the nadir terminal, freeing up resources for the edge terminal.

[0051] Attitude information refers to the deviation of the LEO terminal's attitude (pitch, yaw, roll angle) from the optimal alignment direction (pointing towards GEO). Attitude deviation causes antenna scan angle loss (Loss1), which reduces the effective EIRP. When the attitude deviation exceeds a preset threshold, the preset maximum number of beams can be dynamically increased to allow more beams to compensate for the scan angle loss; conversely, when the attitude alignment is good, a smaller preset maximum number of beams can be maintained.

[0052] In this embodiment, both position and attitude information can be obtained through existing ephemeris data, measurements, or reporting, without the need for additional hardware.

[0053] This embodiment dynamically allocates beam resource limits based on the differences in actual terminal needs (path loss due to location, scan angle loss due to attitude), avoiding situations where a fixed limit would prevent edge terminals from being unable to meet requirements or where navigating point terminals would be over-occupied. By setting a lower limit for navigating point terminals, more beam resources are released to serve multiple edge terminals, thereby increasing the overall number of terminals that the satellite can serve simultaneously and the total throughput. When a terminal's attitude is abnormal, the limit is temporarily increased to prevent link interruption; once the attitude recovers, the limit is automatically reduced to avoid continuous waste. This further enhances the intelligence level of adaptive beam number adjustment, making satellite resource allocation more closely aligned with actual communication scenarios.

[0054] S260. During the preset scheduling period, use the target number of beams to communicate with the low-orbit satellite terminal.

[0055] The technical solution of this invention obtains the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the communication link between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite terminal, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link; determines the corresponding demodulation threshold based on the channel type and modulation and coding strategy; determines whether the predicted SIR is greater than or equal to the demodulation threshold; if so, determines the target number of beams as a first preset number; if not, iteratively increases the number of beams starting from the first preset number, and obtains the corresponding combining gain after each increase to the candidate beam number, until the sum of the current SIR and the accumulated combining gain is greater than or equal to the demodulation threshold or the current number of beams reaches a preset maximum number of beams, and determines the current number of beams as the target number of beams; uses the beams of the target number of beams to communicate with the low-orbit satellite terminal during a preset scheduling period. By determining the number of beams through an iterative method, the link demodulation requirements can be met with the minimum number of beams, avoiding waste of beam resources and ensuring communication reliability under harsh link conditions. Simultaneously, the preset maximum number of beams upper limit mechanism prevents a single terminal from excessively occupying satellite beam resources, improving the overall terminal service capability of the system. Furthermore, based on simple information such as channel type, modulation and coding strategy, and current signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, it only involves table lookup, comparison, and iterative accumulation, without requiring additional complex calculations, and can adaptively adapt to the number of serving beams, making it easy to execute in real time in the satellite's onboard processor.

[0056] Example 3 Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a satellite beam number adjustment method provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. This Embodiment 2 optimizes the method for determining the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the communication link based on any of the above embodiments. For details not covered in this embodiment, please refer to any of the above embodiments.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, the method includes: S310. When the communication link is a forward link, obtain the current signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the downlink signal sent by the high-orbit satellite as fed back by the low-orbit satellite terminal, and adjust the current SIR according to the estimated path loss of the forward link within the preset scheduling period to obtain the predicted SIR within the preset scheduling period.

[0058] In this embodiment, when the communication link is a forward link (i.e., GEO transmits, LEO receives), the GEO sends a reference signal to the LEO via a downlink channel (e.g., PDCCH / PDSCH). The LEO terminal measures the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the received downlink reference signal and quantifies the measurement result into a channel quality indicator or a direct SIR value, which is then sent to the GEO via an uplink feedback channel. The GEO reads this feedback value in each scheduling cycle as the current SIR of the forward link. The relative positions and attitudes of the low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite and the high-Earth orbit (HEO) satellite are estimated in a preset scheduling cycle. Based on the relative positions and attitudes, the predicted path loss is estimated, and the current SIR is adjusted based on the predicted path loss to obtain the predicted SIR within the preset scheduling cycle.

[0059] S320. When the communication link is a return link, obtain the link budget parameters of the low-orbit satellite terminal in the preset scheduling period, and calculate the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the uplink signal received by the high-orbit satellite from the low-orbit satellite terminal based on the link budget parameters.

[0060] Link budget parameters are a collective term for various physical quantities or coefficients used to calculate the quantitative relationship between signal power, noise, and interference in a wireless communication link from the transmitter to the receiver.

[0061] In this embodiment, when the communication link is a return link (GEO transmits, LEO receives), the LEO terminal sends uplink signals (e.g., PUSCH / PRACH) to the GEO according to a preset scheduling period. The GEO is equipped with a multi-beam phased array antenna or a reflector multi-beam antenna, which can simultaneously form multiple independent receiving beams. The GEO first acquires and estimates the link budget parameters of the LEO terminal in the preset scheduling period, and then uses the link budget formula to estimate the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR) when the uplink signal arrives at the GEO. This predicted SNR reflects the quality of the return link.

[0062] Optionally, link budget parameters may include: the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the LEO satellite terminal, output back-off (OBO), free space path loss (FSPL), additional losses (or other losses (OL)), and the bandwidth (BW) allocated to the LEO satellite terminal. Additional losses may include rain attenuation, atmospheric absorption loss, and polarization loss. The free space path loss will vary at different LEO positions.

[0063] The signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is the ratio of the actual signal (useful carrier power C) at the receiver to the noise interference (thermal noise power N + interference power I from other terminals or adjacent beams). It comprehensively reflects the quality of the link. In this embodiment, the high-orbit satellite estimates and predicts the SINR using link budget parameters, as follows: C / (N+I)=EIRP-OBO-FSPL-OL+G / Tk-BW; Where C / (N+I) is the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in dB; EIRP is the equivalent isotropic radiated power of the low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite terminal in dBW; OBO is output backoff in dB; FSPL is free-space path loss in dB; OL is additional loss in dB; G / T is the ratio of the gain G of the high-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite receiving antenna to the equivalent noise temperature T of the system in dB / K; K is the Boltzmann constant (typically -228.6 dBW / K / Hz); and BW is the bandwidth allocated to the terminal in MHz.

[0064] As an optional embodiment, the method for obtaining the equivalent isotropic radiated power includes: a default value of the equivalent isotropic radiated power pre-configured according to the type of the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal.

[0065] In this embodiment, the high-orbit satellite internally stores a terminal type parameter table, recording typical EIRP values ​​(e.g., nominal values ​​under standard test conditions) for various known LEO terminal models. When communicating with a certain LEO terminal, the GEO directly looks up the default EIRP value of that terminal in the table based on the type identifier reported by the terminal, and uses it as the EIRP.

[0066] As an optional embodiment, the method for obtaining the equivalent isotropic radiated power includes: receiving the scan angle loss reported by the low-orbit satellite terminal at a long period, and calculating the equivalent isotropic radiated power based on the scan angle loss.

[0067] In this embodiment, the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal periodically (with a period much larger than the scheduling period, such as on the order of seconds or in stages, to reduce signaling load) measures its antenna scan angle loss, Loss1. Loss1 is caused by changes in the terminal's attitude (pitch, yaw, roll angle) relative to the GEO direction. When the gradual change in Loss1 exceeds a preset threshold, the terminal reports the Loss1 value to the GEO via uplink signaling. After receiving Loss1, the GEO calculates the EIRP, such as: EIRP= Tx RF Power +G- Loss1- Loss2-30; Wherein, EIRP is the equivalent isotropic radiated power, in dBW; Tx RF Power is the RF power measured at the RF connection of the transmitting device, in dBm; G is the antenna gain, in dB; Loss1 is the antenna scan angle loss, in dB; and Loss2 is the feeder loss (cable loss or any other loss), in dB.

[0068] As an optional embodiment, the method for obtaining the equivalent isotropic radiated power includes: receiving the equivalent isotropic radiated power or the difference between the equivalent isotropic radiated power directly reported by the low-orbit satellite terminal; wherein, the difference between the equivalent isotropic radiated power is the amount of difference between the equivalent isotropic radiated power and a preset default value or a value reported previously.

[0069] In this embodiment, the LEO terminal directly measures and reports the absolute value of EIRP (in dBW) at regular intervals (e.g., several scheduling cycles), and the GEO can directly use this value as the equivalent isotropic radiated power.

[0070] Alternatively, the LEO terminal reports the difference in EIRP relative to a reference value. The reference value can be a preset default value or the previously reported EIRP value (i.e., the increment between two adjacent reports). The difference can be positive or negative. After receiving the difference, the GEO recovers the current EIRP using "reference value + difference". Using difference reporting can significantly reduce the amount of signaling data because EIRP usually has a limited range of variation, and the difference only needs to represent a small numerical range.

[0071] S330. Obtain the channel type and modulation / coding strategy of the communication link.

[0072] S340. Determine the corresponding demodulation threshold based on the channel type and modulation and coding strategy.

[0073] S350. Determine the number of target beams based on the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and demodulation threshold.

[0074] S360: Use the target number of beams to communicate with the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal during the preset scheduling cycle.

[0075] The technical solution of this invention involves obtaining the current signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the downlink signal transmitted by the high-orbit satellite from the low-orbit satellite terminal when the communication link is a forward link; obtaining the link budget parameters of the low-orbit satellite terminal in the current scheduling period when the communication link is a return link, and calculating the predicted SIR of the uplink signal received by the high-orbit satellite from the low-orbit satellite terminal based on the link budget parameters; obtaining the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link; determining the corresponding demodulation threshold based on the channel type and modulation and coding strategy; determining the target number of beams based on the current SIR and demodulation threshold; and using the target number of beams to communicate with the low-orbit satellite terminal in a preset scheduling period. This embodiment can select an appropriate demodulation threshold according to the actual channel conditions of the low-orbit satellite terminal, thereby dynamically adapting the number of serving beams, improving the communication link performance and resource utilization. It can be widely applied to high and low orbit satellite communication systems and is suitable for both forward and return links.

[0076] In a specific example Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system for high and low Earth orbit satellites provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the high-orbit satellite GEO communicates with the low-orbit satellite terminal LEO-1. LEO-1 is located in the sub-satellite point region. Assuming the downlink shared channel PDSCH is used, the demodulation threshold Th = 5dB is determined based on the channel type and MCS. LEO-2 measures the downlink reference signal and obtains SINR = 6dB, and reports it to GEO through an uplink feedback channel (such as CQI). GEO receives feedback SINR = 6dB in the current scheduling cycle. Since 6dB ≥ 5dB, the threshold is met, therefore the target beam number = the first preset number = 1. In the next scheduling cycle, GEO uses one transmit beam (beam 1) to send data to LEO-2.

[0077] like Figure 4As shown, the high-orbit satellite GEO communicates with the low-orbit satellite terminal LEO-2. LEO-2 is located in the coverage edge area. Assuming the PUSCH channel is used, the demodulation threshold Th = -2dB is determined based on the channel type and MCS. The link budget parameters of GEO within the preset scheduling period are obtained, and the uplink signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio C / (N+I) = -4dB is calculated. Since -4dB < -2dB, the threshold is not met. GEO starts iterating: the first preset number = 1, the combining gain = 0, C / (N+I) + 0 = -4dB < -2dB → increase to 2. Increase to 2 beams, the combining gain accumulates to 2.5dB, C / (N+I) + 2.5 = -1.5dB > -2dB → satisfied. The target number of beams = 2. The preset maximum number of beams is 8, which is not reached. In the next scheduling cycle, GEO uses two receive beams (beam 2 and beam 3) to simultaneously receive the uplink signal from LEO-1, and demodulates the data after maximum ratio combining.

[0078] Example 4 Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a satellite beam number adjustment device provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. This device is applied to a high-orbit satellite, which communicates with a low-orbit satellite terminal. Figure 5 As shown, the device includes: The acquisition module 510 is used to acquire the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the communication link between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link. The demodulation threshold determination module 520 is used to determine the corresponding demodulation threshold according to the channel type and the modulation and coding strategy; The beam number determination module 530 is used to determine the target beam number based on the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the demodulation threshold. The communication module 540 is used to communicate with the low-orbit satellite terminal using the target number of beams during the preset scheduling period.

[0079] The technical solution of this embodiment involves an acquisition module that obtains the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the communication link between a high-orbit satellite and a low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link. A demodulation threshold determination module determines the corresponding demodulation threshold based on the channel type and modulation and coding strategy. A beam number determination module determines the target number of beams based on the predicted SIR and the demodulation threshold. The communication module uses the target number of beams to communicate with the low-orbit satellite terminal during the preset scheduling period. This embodiment can select an appropriate demodulation threshold based on the actual channel conditions of the low-orbit satellite terminal, thereby dynamically adapting the number of serving beams, improving communication link performance and resource utilization, and can be widely applied to high- and low-orbit satellite communication systems.

[0080] In one embodiment, the beam number determination module 530 is specifically used for: Determine whether the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is greater than or equal to the demodulation threshold; If so, then the number of target beams is determined to be the first preset number; If not, the number of beams is iteratively increased starting from the first preset number, and the merging gain corresponding to each increase to the candidate beam number is obtained, until the sum of the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the accumulated merging gain is greater than or equal to the demodulation threshold or the current number of beams reaches the preset maximum number of beams, and the current number of beams is determined as the target number of beams.

[0081] In one embodiment, the device further includes: The configuration module is used to configure a preset maximum number of beams, which varies with the position or attitude information of the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal. Specifically, when the location information indicates that the low-orbit satellite terminal is located in the edge area of ​​the high-orbit satellite coverage, the corresponding preset maximum number of beams is greater than the preset maximum number of beams when it is located in the sub-satellite point area.

[0082] In one embodiment, the acquisition module 510 is specifically used for: When the communication link is a forward link, the current signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the downlink signal sent by the high-orbit satellite is obtained from the feedback of the low-orbit satellite terminal, and the current SIR is adjusted according to the estimated path loss within the preset scheduling period to obtain the predicted SIR within the preset scheduling period. When the communication link is a return link, the link budget parameters of the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period are obtained, and the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the uplink signal received by the high-Earth orbit satellite from the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal within the preset scheduling period is calculated based on the link budget parameters.

[0083] In one embodiment, the link budget parameters include: the equivalent isotropic radiated power of the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal, output backoff, free-space path loss, additional losses, and the bandwidth allocated to the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal.

[0084] In one embodiment, the method for obtaining the equivalent isotropic radiated power includes: The default value of the equivalent isotropic radiated power is pre-configured according to the type of the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal; or, The system receives the scan angle loss reported by the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal at long intervals, and calculates the equivalent isotropic radiated power based on the scan angle loss; or The system receives the equivalent isotropic radiated power or the difference between the equivalent isotropic radiated power directly reported by the low-orbit satellite terminal; wherein the difference between the equivalent isotropic radiated power is the difference between the equivalent isotropic radiated power and a preset default value or a value reported previously.

[0085] The satellite beam number adjustment device provided in this embodiment of the invention can execute the satellite beam number adjustment method provided in any embodiment of the invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the method.

[0086] Example 5 Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an electronic device 10, which can be used to implement embodiments of the present invention, is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0087] like Figure 6 As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12 or a random access memory (RAM) 13, communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11. The memory stores computer programs executable by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on the computer program stored in the ROM 12 or loaded from storage unit 18 into the RAM 13. The RAM 13 can also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10. The processor 11, ROM 12, and RAM 13 are interconnected via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0088] Multiple components in electronic device 10 are connected to I / O interface 15, including: input unit 16, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 18, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 19, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 19 allows electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0089] Processor 11 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. Processor 11 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as satellite beam number adjustment methods.

[0090] In some embodiments, the satellite beam number adjustment method may be implemented as a computer program tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on electronic device 10 via ROM 12 and / or communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11, one or more steps of the satellite beam number adjustment method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 11 may be configured to perform the satellite beam number adjustment method by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0091] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include: implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0092] In some embodiments, the satellite beam number adjustment method can be implemented as a computer program, which is implicitly included in a computer program product. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the satellite beam number adjustment method of the present invention. The computer program product can be understood as a software product that primarily implements its solution through a computer program. The computer program used to implement the method of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor, the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams are implemented. The computer program can be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, partially on a remote machine as a standalone software package, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0093] In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0094] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0095] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or middleware components (e.g., application servers), or frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., communication networks). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the Internet.

[0096] A computing system can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact through communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a hosting product within the cloud computing service system to address the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability.

[0097] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0098] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting the number of satellite beams, characterized in that, Applied to high-orbit satellites, the method for communication between the high-orbit satellite and a low-orbit satellite terminal includes: The predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the communication link between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period is obtained, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link. Determine the corresponding demodulation threshold based on the channel type and the modulation and coding strategy; The number of target beams is determined based on the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the demodulation threshold. During the preset scheduling period, the target number of beams are used to communicate with the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the number of target beams based on the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the demodulation threshold includes: Determine whether the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is greater than or equal to the demodulation threshold; If so, then the number of target beams is determined to be the first preset number; If not, the number of beams is iteratively increased starting from the first preset number, and the merging gain corresponding to each increase to the candidate beam number is obtained, until the sum of the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the accumulated merging gain is greater than or equal to the demodulation threshold or the current number of beams reaches the preset maximum number of beams, and the current number of beams is determined as the target number of beams.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: configuring a preset maximum number of beams, wherein the preset maximum number of beams varies with the position or attitude information of the low-orbit satellite terminal; Specifically, when the location information indicates that the low-orbit satellite terminal is located in the edge area of ​​the high-orbit satellite coverage, the corresponding preset maximum number of beams is greater than the preset maximum number of beams when it is located in the sub-satellite point area.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that obtaining the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINNR) of the communication link between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period includes: When the communication link is a forward link, the current signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the downlink signal sent by the high-orbit satellite is obtained from the feedback of the low-orbit satellite terminal. The current SIR is adjusted according to the estimated path loss of the forward link within the preset scheduling period to obtain the predicted SIR within the preset scheduling period. When the communication link is a return link, the link budget parameters of the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period are obtained, and the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the uplink signal received by the high-Earth orbit satellite from the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal within the preset scheduling period is calculated based on the link budget parameters.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The link budget parameters include: the equivalent isotropic radiated power of the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal, output backoff, free space path loss, additional losses, and the bandwidth allocated to the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The methods for obtaining the equivalent isotropic radiated power include: The default value of the equivalent isotropic radiated power is pre-configured according to the type of the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal; or, The system receives the scan angle loss reported by the low-Earth orbit satellite terminal at long intervals, and calculates the equivalent isotropic radiated power based on the scan angle loss; or The system receives the equivalent isotropic radiated power or the difference between the equivalent isotropic radiated power directly reported by the low-orbit satellite terminal; wherein the difference between the equivalent isotropic radiated power is the difference between the equivalent isotropic radiated power and a preset default value or a value reported previously.

7. A satellite beam number adjustment device, characterized in that, The device is used for communication between high-orbit satellites and low-orbit satellite terminals, and includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the communication link between the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite terminal within a preset scheduling period, as well as the channel type and modulation and coding strategy of the communication link; The demodulation threshold determination module is used to determine the corresponding demodulation threshold according to the channel type and the modulation and coding strategy; A beam number determination module is used to determine the target beam number based on the predicted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the demodulation threshold. A communication module is used to communicate with the low-orbit satellite terminal using the target number of beams during the preset scheduling period.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: At least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, which is then executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the satellite beam number adjustment method according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that cause a processor to execute the satellite beam number adjustment method according to any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the satellite beam number adjustment method according to any one of claims 1-6.

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