Gear selection switch for simulating single-motor driving human hand plugging action

Abstract

The present application relates to cable fault detection, high-low voltage electrical automation gear selection switch technical field, specifically, a single motor drive simulates human hand plugging action's gear selection switch, base includes base body, the upper part of base body is provided with switch gear shifter in the middle hole, the static contact pin module on the lower part of base body is provided with static contact pin, switch gear shifter includes drive unit, transmission conversion unit, dynamic disc execution unit, one-way circumferential locking mechanism and gear detection unit, the present application is driven by single motor integration, cooperates first pull and then turns and inserts action logic and multi-sensor encoding mechanism etc., realizes the simplification of structure reliable, significantly reduces high pressure working condition risk, gear capacity is greatly improved, and in the scene without additional control and complex operation, higher alignment accuracy is realized, effectively improves the electrical performance stability and service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of cable fault detection and high and low voltage electrical automation selector switch technology, specifically a selector switch driven by a single motor to simulate human hand plugging and unplugging actions. Background Technology

[0002] In scenarios such as cable fault detection and high and low voltage electrical automation testing, multi-channel range selector switches are the core components for realizing automatic switching of test circuits. Their operational reliability and contact stability directly determine the operating accuracy and service life of the test equipment.

[0003] Existing automated gear shifting equipment is mainly divided into two categories: multi-motor drive structure and single-motor drive structure. Among them, the multi-motor drive structure is equipped with independent axial drive motors and rotary drive motors to realize the insertion and rotational gear selection actions. It contains a large number of transmission components such as matching gears, lead screws, and guide rails. Therefore, the whole machine is large in size, has high hardware costs, complex multi-power source synchronous control logic, high precision requirements, more failure points and high maintenance costs under long-term operation.

[0004] Many single-motor shifting mechanisms cannot achieve independent insertion and removal actions; they can only rotate and raise the moving contact while simultaneously lowering it rapidly at the desired gear position, resulting in significant knocking noise during switching. Furthermore, the rigid fit between the moving and stationary contacts makes them highly susceptible to arcing under high-voltage testing conditions, as the minute gaps between the contact surfaces easily lead to blackening of the contact surface, a continuous increase in contact resistance, and a significant degradation in the electrical performance and stability of the equipment over long-term operation. Additionally, existing switching mechanisms often use single-channel contacts or single-group sensors for gear identification, limiting the number of coded gears and making it difficult to meet the switching requirements of multi-channel high-voltage testing. Moreover, the moving plate assembly supporting the moving contact lacks reinforcement, making it prone to deformation under long-term reciprocating stress, leading to misalignment of the moving and stationary contacts and exacerbating contact problems and wear.

[0005] Based on the above reasons, this invention designs a selector switch that simulates human hand insertion and removal actions by a single motor drive. It can fully realize the three-stage action of "pulling out to disconnect - rotating to select - inserting to connect" by relying on a single motor drive. It has the ability to independently encode multiple gears, has high structural strength, and still maintains stable operation under high voltage conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a selector switch that simulates human hand insertion and removal actions by a single motor drive. It can fully realize the three-stage action of "pulling out to disconnect - rotating to select - inserting to connect" by relying on a single motor drive. It has the ability to independently encode multiple gears, has high structural strength, and still maintains stable operation under high voltage conditions.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a selector switch driven by a single motor to simulate the insertion and removal actions of a human hand, comprising a base, the base comprising a base body, a switch shifter disposed at the upper center opening of the base body, and a stationary contact pin disposed on a stationary contact pin module on the lower chassis of the base body, the switch shifter comprising a drive unit, a transmission conversion unit, a moving plate execution unit, a one-way circumferential locking mechanism, and a gear position detection unit.

[0008] A motor driver and a control module electrically connected to the motor driver are installed on the top of the base body; The upper part of the base body is used to install the switch shifter, the lower part is used to install the stationary contact pin module, and the middle part is the support structure connecting the upper and lower parts. The interior of the middle part is used to accommodate the movement of the moving plate. The stationary contact pin is a pin with an insulating guide structure on the outside. The moving contact socket is a socket that is adapted to the pin.

[0009] The upper part of the switch shifter is the drive unit, and the top of the drive unit is the motor. The motor is fixedly mounted on the upper housing of the switch and is coaxially connected to the lead screw shaft through its output shaft, ensuring that the two shafts can rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction. The lead screw shaft is axially limited and installed inside the upper housing of the switch through two sets of bearings B.

[0010] The transmission conversion unit includes a lead screw shaft, a spiral shaft, and an insulating shaft. The spiral shaft has a hollow structure, and its internal thread and the external thread of the lead screw shaft are matched to form a helical transmission pair. The outer wall of the spiral shaft has a sliding groove along the axial direction, and the sliding groove is evenly distributed circumferentially. The upper end of the insulating shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the spiral shaft, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the moving disc actuator unit.

[0011] A one-way circumferential locking mechanism is located between the insulating shaft and the lower housing of the switch to restrict the insulating shaft to rotate circumferentially in only one direction and lock it in the opposite direction. The one-way circumferential locking mechanism is a ratchet and pawl mechanism, including a pawl ball, a return spring, and a ratchet groove opened on the inner wall of the lower housing of the switch; the return spring and the pawl ball are installed in the mounting hole on the side wall of the insulating shaft, and the pawl ball abuts against the ratchet groove under the action of elastic force; the ratchet groove includes a bottom locking section and a helical tooth section; The ratchet groove is composed of alternating bottom locking sections and helical tooth sections. The number of these sections can be set according to the gear requirements. It is used to restrict the insulating shaft to rotate circumferentially in only one direction and lock it circumferentially in the opposite direction. The ratchet groove has a certain depth along the axial direction to ensure that the pawl steel ball does not fall out of the ratchet groove range when it moves up and down with the insulating shaft. The moving plate execution unit includes a moving plate and several sets of moving contact sockets. The moving plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the insulating shaft. The number of moving contacts is set according to requirements, and each set of moving contacts is arranged on the moving plate with corresponding stationary contact pins.

[0012] The moving disc actuator includes a reinforcing cone, which is a frustoconical structure. Its small end is fixedly connected to the insulating shaft, and its large end is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the moving disc by insulating screws. It is used to disperse the axial force and torsional force transmitted by the insulating shaft and suppress the deformation of the moving disc.

[0013] The gear detection unit includes a sensor disk with coded grooves on its outer edge, a gear sensor arranged around the sensor disk and fixed on the lower housing of the switch, and a limit switch located at the bottom of the lower housing of the switch. A limit switch is fixedly installed at the bottom of the switch housing. The limit switch is assembled at the limit switch mounting position. After the moving contact is inserted into the stationary contact pin, the limit switch is triggered by the triggering structure on the insulating shaft. Its signal output terminal is connected to the control module. The induction disc is sleeved on the outside of the spiral shaft. Bearings A, which are fixed to the upper and lower shells of the switch, are provided on both the top and bottom of the induction disc to restrict the induction disc to rotate only in the circumferential direction and not move axially. The induction disc achieves synchronous circumferential rotation and relative axial sliding through the cooperation of the transmission steel ball and the sliding groove of the spiral shaft. Multiple gear position sensors are fixed circumferentially to the gear position sensor mounting position on the lower shell of the switch. The signal output terminal of the gear position sensor is connected to the control module. A unique gear position code is formed by the combination of the on and off of the coded grooves. The unique gear position code is the arrangement of the coded grooves of the induction disc corresponding to each gear position of the gear position sensor. The control module has a built-in current overload detection module. When the motor current exceeds the threshold after the moving contact is inserted into place, the machine is forced to stop. This avoids problems such as over-insertion or false insertion caused by contact wear, limit switch misalignment or failure. The control module is equipped with electrical interlock logic. Before the shift command is executed, it is confirmed that the external test power supply is disconnected or in a safe discharge state before the insertion and removal shifting action is allowed. The induction plate is fixed with a steel ball limit pin to limit the radial position of the transmission steel ball and prevent the transmission steel ball from shifting or falling out.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Single-motor integrated drive, with a simplified and reliable structure: A single motor can complete the three-stage continuous action of "axial pull-out - circumferential gear selection - axial insertion", eliminating the need for separate axial drive and rotary drive motors and matching synchronous control mechanisms. This significantly reduces the overall size and hardware cost, reduces the number of failure points in the power source and transmission links, simplifies the control logic, and improves long-term operational stability.

[0015] (2) The operation logic of first pulling, then rotating, and then inserting significantly reduces the risk of high-voltage operating conditions: The system simulates the insertion and removal logic of a human hand. When switching gears, the moving contact is completely disconnected from the stationary contact before rotating to select the gear. Once the gear is selected, the contact is inserted to connect. During the rotation, there is no contact friction between the moving and stationary contacts, minimizing the generation of switching noise. This sequence of actions avoids circumferential sliding friction of the contacts under contact pressure, significantly reducing the risk of arcing discharge, contact oxidation, and increased contact resistance under high-voltage conditions, effectively improving electrical performance stability and service life.

[0016] (3) Multi-sensor coding mechanism, significantly improving gear capacity: By employing multiple gear position sensors in conjunction with an induction disk with coded grooves, and using Gray code combination encoding, unique identification of multiple gear positions can be achieved. The encoding capacity is far higher than that of traditional single-contact or single-sensor solutions, which can fully adapt to the switching requirements of multi-channel high-voltage automated testing. Furthermore, it has high gear position recognition accuracy and strong anti-interference capability.

[0017] (4) The reinforced cone structure enhances the rigidity of the moving plate and ensures alignment accuracy: A frustum-shaped reinforcing cone is added at the connection between the moving plate and the insulating shaft. This cone evenly distributes the axial force and torsional force of the insulating shaft to the surface of the moving plate, thereby effectively suppressing the deformation and warping of the moving plate under long-term reciprocating insertion and rotation conditions. This ensures the coaxial alignment accuracy of the moving and stationary contacts, avoids problems such as poor contact and uneven wear caused by structural deformation, and thus improves the mechanical life of the entire machine.

[0018] (5) Purely mechanical one-way ratchet structure, no additional control is required for action switching: Through the helical pair between the lead screw shaft and the spiral shaft, and the purely mechanical ratchet and pawl one-way locking mechanism composed of the pawl steel ball and the ratchet groove, the switching between rotary motion and axial motion is automatically realized: when the motor rotates forward, it is first pulled out axially, and after disengaging, it automatically enters the rotation selection mode; when the motor rotates in reverse, the ratchet locks the circumferential motion and automatically switches to axial insertion. Therefore, there is no need to set up additional components such as clutches and electromagnetic brakes. The structure is ingeniously designed, the switching logic is reliable, and there is no electrical control delay.

[0019] (6) The alignment accuracy of the moving and stationary contacts relies entirely on mechanical positioning, reducing the complexity of electrical control: By controlling the anti-rotation position of the ratchet groove bottom locking section and the circumferential angle of the mounting hole of the pawl steel ball on the side wall of the insulating shaft, the position of the moving contact can be accurately positioned, thereby mechanically ensuring the alignment accuracy of the moving and stationary contacts, effectively reducing the complexity of electrical control and improving reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembled three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the switch base of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a full cross-sectional view of the switch shifter assembly of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the motor and lead screw transmission components of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the transmission conversion unit of the switch shifter assembly of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the gear detection unit of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lower housing of the switch according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the initial insertion state of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention in the pulled-out / disconnected state.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a full cross-sectional structural diagram of the overall assembly of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1: Base; 1.1: Base body; 1.2: Motor driver; 1.3: Control module; 1.4: Stationary contact pin; 2: Switch shifter; 2.1: Motor; 2.2: Switch housing; 2.3: Lead screw shaft. 2.4: Flower shaft; 2.4.1: Slide groove; 2.5: Gear position sensor; 2.6: Lower housing of switch; 2.6.1: Mounting position sensor; 2.6.2: Slot bottom retaining section; 2.6.3: Helical tooth section; 2.6.4: Mounting position of limit switch; 2.7: Limit switch; 2.8: Insulated shaft; 2.9: Reinforcing cone; 2.10: Insulated screw; 2.11: Moving disc; 2.12: Moving contact socket; 2.13: Return spring; 2.14: Pawl ball; 2.15: Bearing A; 2.16: Ball limit pin; 2.17: Transmission ball; 2.18: Induction disc; 2.18.1: Encoding groove; 2.19: Bearing B. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] See Figures 1-10This invention provides a selector switch driven by a single motor to simulate human hand insertion and removal actions, including a base 1, the base 1 including a base body 1.1, the base body 1.1 including upper, middle and lower parts, its basic features are that the middle part has a large space, the upper and lower parts have mounting positions, the overall structural strength and stability are high, the middle part of the base body 1.1 is a support structure connecting the upper and lower parts, its internal space is large enough to accommodate the moving plate 2.11, the upper middle opening of the base body 1.1 is provided with a switch shifter 2, the stationary contact pin module on the lower chassis of the base body 1.1 is provided with a stationary contact pin 1.4, the switch shifter 2 includes a drive unit, a transmission conversion unit, a moving plate execution unit, a one-way circumferential locking mechanism and a gear detection unit.

[0033] A motor driver 1.2 and a control module 1.3 electrically connected to the motor driver 1.2 are disposed on the top of the base body 1.1; The upper part of the base body 1.1 is used to install the switch shifter 2, the lower part is used to install the stationary contact pin module, and the middle part is the support structure connecting the upper and lower parts. The interior of the middle part is used to accommodate the movement of the moving plate 2.11; the stationary contact pin 1.4 is a pin with an insulating guide structure on the outside; the moving contact socket 2.12 is a socket that is adapted to the pin.

[0034] The upper part of the switch shifter 2 is the drive unit. The top of the drive unit is equipped with a motor 2.1. The motor 2.1 is fixedly installed on the upper housing 2.2 of the switch. The motor 2.1 is coaxially connected to the lead screw shaft 2.3 through its output shaft to ensure circumferential synchronization. The lead screw shaft 2.3 is axially limited and installed in the upper housing 2.2 of the switch through two sets of bearings B2.19.

[0035] The transmission conversion unit includes a lead screw shaft 2.3, a spiral shaft 2.4, and an insulating shaft 2.8. The spiral shaft 2.4 is a hollow structure, and its internal thread engages with the external thread of the lead screw shaft 2.3 to form a helical transmission pair. A groove 2.4.1 is axially distributed on the outer wall of the spiral shaft 2.4.1. The grooves 2.4.1 are evenly distributed circumferentially. The upper end of the insulating shaft 2.8 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the spiral shaft 2.4, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the moving disc actuator. The transmission conversion unit converts the circumferential rotational motion of the motor output shaft into the axial linear motion of the spiral shaft and the insulating shaft. This motion is accomplished by the helical transmission pair of the lead screw shaft 2.3 and the spiral shaft 2.4.

[0036] A one-way circumferential locking mechanism is provided between the insulating shaft 2.8 and the lower housing 2.6 of the switch to restrict the insulating shaft 2.8 to rotate circumferentially in only one direction and lock in the opposite circumferential direction. The one-way circumferential locking mechanism is a ratchet and pawl mechanism, including a pawl ball 2.14, a return spring 2.13, and a ratchet groove formed on the inner wall of the lower switch housing 2.6; the return spring 2.13 and the pawl ball 2.14 are installed in the mounting hole on the side wall of the insulating shaft 2.8, and the pawl ball 2.14 abuts against the ratchet groove under the action of elastic force; the ratchet groove includes a bottom locking section 2.6.2 and a helical tooth section 2.6.3; The ratchet groove is composed of alternating bottom locking sections 2.6.2 and helical tooth sections 2.6.3. The number of sections can be set according to the gear requirements. It is used to restrict the insulating shaft 2.8 to rotate circumferentially in only one direction and lock it circumferentially in the opposite direction. The ratchet groove has a certain depth along the axial direction to ensure that the pawl steel ball 2.14 does not fall out of the ratchet groove range when it moves up and down with the insulating shaft 2.8. The moving plate execution unit includes a moving plate 2.11 and several sets of moving contact sockets 2.12. The moving plate 2.11 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the insulating shaft 2.8. The number of moving contacts 2.12 is set according to requirements. Each set of moving contacts 2.12 is arranged on the moving plate 2.11 with corresponding stationary contact pins 1.4.

[0037] The moving disc actuator includes a reinforcing cone 2.9, which is a frustoconical structure. Its small end is fixedly connected to the insulating shaft 2.8, and its large end is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the moving disc 2.11 by an insulating screw 2.10. It is used to disperse the axial force and torsional force transmitted by the insulating shaft 2.8 and suppress the deformation of the moving disc 2.11.

[0038] The gear position detection unit includes a sensing disk 2.18 with an coded groove 2.18.1 on its outer edge, a gear position sensor 2.5 arranged around the sensing disk 2.18 and fixed on the lower housing 2.6 of the switch, and a limit switch 2.7 located at the bottom of the lower housing 2.6 of the switch; A limit switch 2.7 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the lower housing 2.6 of the switch. The limit switch 2.7 is assembled at the limit switch mounting position 2.6.4. After the moving contact 2.12 is inserted into the stationary contact pin 1.4, the limit switch 2.7 is triggered by the triggering structure on the insulating shaft 2.8. Its signal output terminal is connected to the control module 1.3. The induction disk 2.18 is sleeved on the outside of the spiral shaft 2.4. Bearings A2.15, fixed to the upper and lower housings 2.2 and 2.6 of the switch, are provided on both the top and bottom of the induction disk 2.18 to restrict the induction disk 2.18 to rotate only circumferentially and not axially. The induction disk 2.18 achieves synchronous circumferential rotation and relative axial sliding through the cooperation of the transmission steel ball 2.17 with the sliding groove 2.4.1 of the spiral shaft 2.4. Multiple gear position sensors 2.5 are circumferentially fixed to the gear position sensor mounting position 2.6.1 of the lower housing 2.6. The signal output terminal of the gear position sensor 2.5 is connected to the control module 1.3. A unique gear position code is formed by the on / off combination of the coding grooves 2.18.1 of the induction disk 2.18, with the arrangement of the coding grooves 2.18.1 corresponding to each gear position of the gear position sensor 2.5. The control module 1.3 has a built-in current overload detection module. When the motor current 2.1 exceeds the threshold after the moving contact 2.12 is inserted into place, the motor will be forced to stop. This avoids problems such as over-insertion or false insertion caused by contact wear or the offset or failure of the limit switch 2.7. The control module 1.3 is configured with electrical interlock logic. Before the shift command is executed, it is confirmed that the external test power supply is disconnected or in a safe discharge state before the insertion and removal shifting action is allowed. The induction plate 2.18 is fixed with a steel ball limit pin 2.16, which is used to limit the radial position of the transmission steel ball 2.17 to prevent the transmission steel ball 2.17 from shifting or falling out.

[0039] Working principle: This selector switch has a complete shifting cycle consisting of three stages, simulating a human hand's "pull out - rotate selector - insert" operation. The initial state is that socket 2.12 and stationary contact pin 1.4 are fully connected and conducting. The steps are as follows: Phase 1: Axial pull-out, simulating the action of a human hand pulling out a piece of material. The control module 1.3 first verifies that the external test power supply is disconnected and then issues a shift command; the motor driver 1.2 drives the motor 2.1 to rotate clockwise, and the lead screw shaft 2.3 rotates clockwise synchronously.

[0040] At this time, socket 2.12 is engaged with stationary contact pin 1.4, restricting the rotation of moving disc 2.11. Lead screw shaft 2.3 is constrained by bearing B2.19 and cannot move axially.

[0041] The screw drive pair formed by the lead screw shaft 2.3 and the spiral shaft 2.4 converts the rotation of the lead screw into the axial upward motion of the spiral shaft 2.4. The spiral shaft 2.4 synchronously drives the insulating shaft 2.8, the moving disc 2.11, and the moving contact socket 2.12 to rise upwards. The moving contact socket 2.12 gradually disengages from the stationary contact pin 1.4, completely disconnecting the circuit and completing the pull-out action (corresponding to...). Figure 9 (Unplugged status).

[0042] Second stage: Circumferential rotation, gear shifting and selection. After the moving contact socket 2.12 is completely disengaged from the stationary contact pin 1.4, the circumferential constraint of the moving plate 2.11 is released.

[0043] The lead screw 2.3 rotates continuously clockwise, and the friction of the helical pair drives the spiral shaft 2.4 to rotate clockwise synchronously. In the ratchet and pawl mechanism, the pawl steel ball 2.14 slides smoothly along the helical tooth section 2.6.3 without obstructing the clockwise rotation. The spiral shaft 2.4 drives the induction disk 2.18 to rotate synchronously through the transmission steel ball 2.17. The outer edge of the induction disk 2.18 has coded grooves 2.18.1 that sequentially sweep across each set of position sensors 2.5.

[0044] When the induction disc 2.18 rotates to the target gear angle, the four gear position sensors 2.5 output a unique Gray code; after the control module 1.3 identifies the target code, it controls the motor 2.1 to start reversing, and the gear selection action is completed.

[0045] Third stage: Axial insertion, simulating human hand insertion action. After the gear selection is complete, the control module 1.3 issues a reverse command, and the motor driver 1.2 drives the motor 2.1 to rotate counterclockwise, and the lead screw shaft 2.3 rotates counterclockwise synchronously. At this time, the one-way ratchet lock is activated: the pawl ball 2.14 engages with the bottom locking section 2.6.2 of the ratchet groove, locking the insulated shaft 2.8 and the spiral shaft 2.4 to rotate counterclockwise circumferentially, while the spiral shaft 2.4 can only move axially.

[0046] The screw drive pair converts the counterclockwise rotation of the lead screw shaft 2.3 into the downward axial movement of the spiral shaft 2.4. The spiral shaft 2.4 drives the insulating shaft 2.8, the moving disc 2.11, and the moving contact socket 2.12 downward as a whole. The moving contact socket 2.12 aligns with the corresponding stationary contact pin 1.4 and is gradually inserted to conduct electricity.

[0047] When the moving plate 2.11 descends to the insertion limit position, the inclined surface of the insulating shaft 2.8 triggers the limit switch 2.7, which sends a position signal to the control module 1.3, and the motor 2.1 stops. If the limit switch 2.7 is worn and does not trigger, the system will force a power-off protection when the motor load current exceeds the overload threshold. Once a single gear switching cycle is completed, the corresponding test circuit will be connected.

[0048] To switch to other gears, simply repeat the three-stage process described above.

[0049] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, intended only to aid in understanding the method and core ideas of this application. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments; all technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within its protection. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] This invention comprehensively solves the shortcomings and defects of existing technologies, such as complex structure, high cost, difficult control, high precision requirements, and high failure rate of multi-motor driven rotary switches; high noise, rapid degradation of electrical performance, and insufficient structural strength of existing moving plate components; and reliability and scraping caused by switching relying on friction constraints. By integrating a single motor drive with a first-pull-then-transfer-then-insert action logic and a multi-sensor coding mechanism, the invention achieves a simplified and reliable structure, significantly reduces the risks of high-voltage operating conditions, greatly increases the gear capacity, and provides higher precision alignment. It eliminates the need for additional control and complex operation, effectively improving the stability and service life of electrical performance.

Claims

1. A selector switch driven by a single motor to simulate human hand insertion and removal actions, comprising a base (1), characterized in that, The base (1) includes a base body (1.1), and a switch shifter (2) is provided at the upper middle opening of the base body (1.1). A stationary contact pin (1.4) is provided on the stationary contact pin module on the lower chassis of the base body (1.1). The switch shifter (2) includes a drive unit, a transmission conversion unit, a moving plate execution unit, a one-way circumferential locking mechanism, and a gear detection unit.

2. The selector switch for simulating human hand insertion and removal actions driven by a single motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, A motor driver (1.2) and a control module (1.3) electrically connected to the motor driver (1.2) are disposed on the top of the base body (1.1). The upper part of the base body (1.1) is used to install the switch shifter (2), the lower part is used to install the stationary contact pin module, and the middle part is the support structure connecting the upper and lower parts. The interior of the middle part is used to accommodate the movement of the moving plate (2.11). The stationary contact pin (1.4) is a pin with an insulating guide structure on the outside. The moving contact socket (2.12) is a socket that is compatible with the pin.

3. The selector switch for simulating human hand insertion and removal actions driven by a single motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the switch shifter (2) is a drive unit. A motor (2.1) is provided on the top of the drive unit. The motor (2.1) is fixedly installed on the upper shell (2.2) of the switch. The motor (2.1) is coaxially connected to the lead screw shaft (2.3) through its output shaft to ensure circumferential synchronization. The lead screw shaft (2.3) is axially limited and installed in the upper shell (2.2) of the switch through two sets of bearings B (2.19).

4. The selector switch for simulating human hand insertion and removal actions driven by a single motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission conversion unit includes a lead screw shaft (2.3), a spiral shaft (2.4), and an insulating shaft (2.8). The spiral shaft (2.4) has a hollow structure, and the internal thread of its inner hole cooperates with the external thread of the lead screw shaft (2.3) to form a helical transmission pair. The outer wall of the spiral shaft (2.4) is provided with a sliding groove (2.4.1) along the axial direction. The sliding groove (2.4.1) is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The upper end of the insulating shaft (2.8) is coaxially fixedly connected to the spiral shaft (2.4), and its lower end is fixedly connected to the moving disc execution unit.

5. The selector switch for simulating human hand insertion and removal actions driven by a single motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The one-way circumferential locking mechanism is disposed between the insulating shaft (2.8) and the lower housing of the switch (2.6) to restrict the insulating shaft (2.8) to rotate circumferentially in only one direction and lock in the opposite circumferential direction. The one-way circumferential locking mechanism is a ratchet and pawl mechanism, including a pawl ball (2.14), a return spring (2.13), and a ratchet groove formed on the inner wall of the lower switch housing (2.6); the return spring (2.13) and the pawl ball (2.14) are installed in the mounting hole on the side wall of the insulating shaft (2.8), and the pawl ball (2.14) abuts against the ratchet groove under the action of elastic force; the ratchet groove includes a groove bottom locking section (2.6.2) and a helical tooth section (2.6.3); The ratchet groove is composed of alternating groove bottom locking section (2.6.2) and helical tooth section (2.6.3), the number of which can be set according to the gear requirements. It is used to restrict the insulating shaft (2.8) to rotate circumferentially in only one direction and lock circumferentially in the opposite direction. The ratchet groove has a certain depth along the axial direction to ensure that the pawl ball (2.14) does not fall out of the range of the ratchet groove when it moves up and down with the insulating shaft (2.8).

6. The selector switch for simulating human hand insertion and removal actions driven by a single motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moving plate execution unit includes a moving plate (2.11) and several sets of moving contact sockets (2.12). The moving plate (2.11) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the insulating shaft (2.8). The number of moving contacts (2.12) is set according to requirements. Each set of moving contacts (2.12) is arranged on the moving plate (2.11) corresponding to the stationary contact pin (1.4).

7. The selector switch for simulating human hand insertion and removal actions driven by a single motor according to claim 6, characterized in that, The moving disk actuator includes a reinforcing cone (2.9), which is a frustoconical structure. Its small end is fixedly connected to the insulating shaft (2.8), and its large end is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the moving disk (2.11) by an insulating screw (2.10). It is used to disperse the axial force and torsional force transmitted by the insulating shaft (2.8) and suppress the deformation of the moving disk (2.11).

8. The selector switch for simulating human hand insertion and removal actions driven by a single motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gear detection unit includes a sensor disk (2.18) with an coded groove (2.18.1) on its outer edge, a gear sensor (2.5) arranged around the sensor disk (2.18) and fixed on the lower housing (2.6) of the switch, and a limit switch (2.7) arranged at the bottom of the lower housing (2.6). The limit switch (2.7) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the lower housing (2.6) of the switch. The limit switch (2.7) is assembled at the limit switch mounting position (2.6.4). After the moving contact (2.12) is inserted downward into the stationary contact pin (1.4) and the limit switch (2.7) is in place, it is triggered by the triggering structure provided on the insulating shaft (2.8). Its signal output terminal is connected to the control module (1.3). The induction disc (2.18) is sleeved on the outside of the spiral shaft (2.4). Bearings A (2.15) are fixed to the upper and lower shells (2.2 and 2.6) of the switch, respectively, to restrict the induction disc (2.18) to rotate only circumferentially and not axially. The induction disc (2.18) achieves synchronous circumferential rotation and relative axial sliding through the cooperation of a transmission ball (2.17) with the groove (2.4.1) of the spiral shaft (2.4). Multiple sets of position sensors (2.5) are circumferentially fixed to the position sensor mounting positions on the lower shell (2.6) of the switch. 2.6.1), the signal output terminal of the gear position sensor (2.5) is connected to the control module (1.3), and a unique gear position code is formed by the on / off combination of the coding groove (2.18.1). The unique gear position code is the arrangement of the coding groove (2.18.1) of the sensing disk (2.18) corresponding to each gear position of the gear position sensor (2.5); The control module (1.3) has a built-in current overload detection module. When the current of the motor (2.1) exceeds the threshold after the moving contact (2.12) is inserted into place, the motor is forced to stop to avoid over-insertion or false insertion caused by contact wear or the offset or failure of the limit switch (2.7). The control module (1.3) is configured with electrical interlock logic. Before the shift command is executed, it is confirmed that the external test power supply is disconnected or in a safe discharge state before the insertion and removal shifting action is allowed. The installation position of the limit switch (2.7) is set as an adjustable structure with a long hole, which can be finely adjusted according to the wear of the contact.

9. The selector switch for simulating human hand insertion and removal actions driven by a single motor according to claim 8, characterized in that, A steel ball limiting pin (2.16) is fixed on the induction disk (2.18) to limit the radial position of the transmission steel ball (2.17) and prevent the transmission steel ball (2.17) from shifting or falling out.

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