Cathode material leftover material recovery equipment
By designing the equipment chain for pure physical recycling, the problems of high energy consumption and high pollution during the high-temperature carbonization of the scraps of positive electrode materials are solved, and the low-energy consumption recovery and resource reuse of high-purity positive electrode materials are achieved, which improves recycling efficiency and economic benefits.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420375686.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-28
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-02-28
AI Technical Summary
The existing scrap recycling technology for cathode material has problems such as high energy consumption, high pollutant generation, increased carbon emissions and waste of resources during high-temperature carbonization, making it difficult to achieve high purity recycling and resource reuse.
A equipment chain including coarse crushing, fine crushing, multi-stage screening, specific gravity sorting and electrostatic impurity removal equipment was designed. High-purity positive electrode material was recovered from the scraps of positive electrode material through pure physical methods, and a combination of airflow grading and bag dust collector was used. Dust removal technology can avoid blockage of tape fibers and dust spillover, and achieve efficient purification.
It realizes low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly positive electrode material recycling, meets the dual needs of physical repair and wet element recycling, improves powder collection rate and economic benefits, and reduces the amount of solid waste.
Smart Images
Figure CN222132978U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of positive electrode material scrap recovery, in particular to positive electrode material scrap recovery equipment. Background Art
[0002] With the development of new energy technologies, power batteries and energy storage batteries have begun to be retired in large quantities. Retired batteries are rich in heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, nickel, manganese, chromium, zinc, and acid, alkali and other electrolytes. The traditional extensive treatment methods such as deep burial and storage in abandoned mines pose environmental risks such as soil and groundwater pollution. It also causes a large waste of resources and is an unsustainable treatment method.
[0003] The recycling and reuse of used batteries can achieve the dual goals of reducing pollutants and harmlessly treating final emissions, which is of great significance to environmental protection. At the same time, recycling and extracting precious metals, electrolytes and other substances from used batteries can maximize the goal of reusing limited resources, realize the internal circulation of resources in the industry, create huge social value and achieve the goal of sustainable development.
[0004] The conventional method for disposing of positive electrode material scraps is to remove the adhesive tape through high-temperature carbonization and recycle the positive electrode material. However, the carbon content of the positive electrode material increases sharply after treatment by this method, and it can only be used for wet element recovery. At the same time, a large amount of gas is generated during the carbonization process, which needs to be treated by exhaust gas before it can meet emission standards. The treatment cost is high and carbon emissions are increased, which is contrary to the carbon reduction goal of lithium battery recycling and processing. Utility Model Content
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a positive electrode material scrap recovery device to overcome the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art.
[0006] The utility model provides a technical solution to the above-mentioned technical problems as follows: a positive electrode material scrap recovery device, comprising: a coarse crushing device, the outlet of the coarse crushing device is connected to the inlet of the fine crushing device, the outlet of the fine crushing device is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage screening device, the outlet of the multi-stage screening device is connected to the inlet of the specific gravity sorting device, and the outlet of the specific gravity sorting device is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic impurity removal device.
[0007] The beneficial effects of the utility model are: a purely physical method is used to recover high-purity positive electrode materials from positive electrode material scraps; the high-temperature carbonization degumming method has lower energy consumption, does not produce new pollutants, is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly; and the recovered positive electrode materials can simultaneously meet the dual needs of physical repair and wet element recovery; the subsequent processing flexibility is stronger, and can be directly used in the physical repair production line; in addition, the overall powder recovery rate of the production line can be improved while reducing the total amount of solid waste in the production process to improve economic benefits.
[0008] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
[0009] Furthermore, the coarse crushing equipment adopts a double-shaft shredder.
[0010] The above further beneficial effects are: the size consistency of the shredded materials is good. Due to the strong viscosity of the tape, there is a risk of materials adhering to the tape and then agglomerating into a mass, causing the machine to jam, while the double-shaft shredder has a low rotation speed and produces less metal debris, which is conducive to the subsequent control of the metal impurity content.
[0011] Furthermore, the fine crushing equipment includes: a hammer mill, the outlet at the bottom of the coarse crushing equipment is opposite to the inlet of the hammer mill arranged below it, the outlet of the hammer mill is connected to the inlet of the airflow classifier through the material fan, the air outlet of the airflow classifier is connected to the inlet of the first bag dust collector, and the outlet at the bottom of the airflow classifier is opposite to the inlet of the multi-stage screening equipment arranged below it.
[0012] The above further beneficial effects are as follows: the material in the coarse crushing equipment can directly fall into the hammer mill, which grinds the incoming material to crush the tape, and the ground and crushed material in the hammer mill enters the air flow classifier, where it is air flow sorted to screen the positive electrode material powder that meets the particle size requirements of the regeneration process, and the combination of air flow classifier + bag dust collector is used to collect and dedust the material. Different from the commonly used dust collector directly collecting materials and the cyclone dust collector + bag dust collector combined collecting structure, this combination can effectively avoid the lightweight tape and crushed tape fibers from pouring into the dust bag in large quantities, causing the dust bag to be blocked, resulting in insufficient collecting air volume due to reduced conveying efficiency and dust overflow causing environmental pollution.
[0013] Furthermore, the hammer mill adopts a hammer mill with a screen aperture of 6mm to 12mm.
[0014] The further beneficial effects of adopting the above method are as follows: the reasons for selecting this aperture are as follows: if the mesh aperture is too large, the positive electrode material de-powdering rate is low, and the positive electrode material recovery rate decreases; if the mesh aperture is too small, the tape is relatively flexible and difficult to crush quickly, and it will be enriched in the grinder, affecting the feed rate, resulting in low production efficiency. At the same time, the tape will produce a large amount of fibrous debris (tape fibers) when ground in the grinder for a long time, which increases the difficulty of subsequent purification.
[0015] Furthermore, the exhaust port of the first bag dust collector is connected to the first induced draft fan, the discharge port at the bottom of the airflow classifier is provided with a first unloading fan shutoff fan, and the discharge port at the bottom of the first bag dust collector is provided with a second unloading fan shutoff fan.
[0016] Furthermore, the multi-stage screening equipment adopts a straight-row screen.
[0017] The above further beneficial effects are: the qualified materials screened out by the straight screen have a short jumping movement path in the equipment, which can effectively reduce the secondary agglomeration of the tape fibers, and the subsequent gravity impurity removal / electrostatic impurity removal operation is more stable, thereby obtaining positive electrode material powder with qualified metal impurity content.
[0018] Furthermore, the specific gravity sorting equipment includes: a specific gravity sorter, the outlet at the bottom of the multi-stage screening equipment is directly opposite to the inlet of the specific gravity sorter arranged below it; the air outlet of the specific gravity sorter is connected to the inlet of the second bag dust collector, and the material discharge port of the specific gravity sorter is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic impurity removal equipment.
[0019] The above further beneficial effect is that the material screened in the multi-stage screening equipment can directly fall into the specific gravity separator. The specific gravity separator utilizes the large difference in specific gravity between the tape fiber and the positive electrode material powder to remove more than 90% of the tape fiber, thereby achieving the purpose of preliminarily purifying the positive electrode material powder. The material sorted by the specific gravity separator can enter the electrostatic impurity removal equipment.
[0020] Furthermore, the air exhaust port of the second bag dust collector is connected to the second induced draft fan, and a third unloading fan is arranged at the unloading port at the bottom of the second bag dust collector.
[0021] Furthermore, the electrostatic impurity removal equipment includes: a receiving hopper, the outlet of the specific gravity sorting equipment is connected to the inlet of the receiving hopper, the outlet of the receiving hopper is connected to the inlet of the third bag-type dust collector, the exhaust port of the third bag-type dust collector is connected to the third induced draft fan, the discharge port at the bottom of the third bag-type dust collector is connected to the inlet of the vibrating feeder arranged thereunder, and the outlet of the vibrating feeder is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic precipitator arranged thereunder.
[0022] The above further beneficial effects are as follows: the material sorted by the specific gravity sorting equipment (the positive electrode material powder after preliminary purification) can enter the receiving hopper, and then the third induced draft fan exhausts the third bag-type dust collector to maintain a negative pressure inside it, thereby sucking the material in the receiving hopper into the third bag-type dust collector, and the material discharged from the third bag-type dust collector can enter the vibrating feeder, which evenly spreads the material and feeds it into the electrostatic precipitator in a quantitative manner. Finally, the electrostatic precipitator utilizes the large difference in resistivity between the positive electrode material and the tape fiber to directionally remove the tape fiber, thereby achieving the purpose of further purifying the positive electrode material.
[0023] Furthermore, a fourth unloading fan is provided at the unloading port at the bottom of the third bag dust collector. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the positive electrode material scrap recovery equipment in the utility model.
[0025] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:
[0026] 1. Coarse crushing equipment, 2. Fine crushing equipment, 210, hammer mill, 220, feeding fan, 230, air flow classifier, 240, first bag dust collector, 250, first induced draft fan, 260, first discharge fan, 270, second discharge fan, 3. Multi-stage screening equipment, 4. Gravity sorting equipment, 410, gravity sorting machine, 420, second bag dust collector, 430, second induced draft fan, 440, third discharge fan, 5. Electrostatic impurity removal equipment, 510, receiving hopper, 520, third bag dust collector, 530, vibrating feeder, 540, electrostatic precipitator, 550, third induced draft fan, 560, fourth discharge fan, DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0028] Example 1
[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a positive electrode material scrap recycling device includes: a coarse crushing device 1, which is used to crush large pieces and piles of materials into small pieces of about 20 mm in width and 40 mm in length, so as to facilitate subsequent feeding and processing and ensure the reliability of equipment operation;
[0030] The outlet of the coarse crushing device 1 is connected to the inlet of the fine crushing device 2, that is, the material coarsely crushed by the coarse crushing device 1 can enter the fine crushing device 2, and the fine crushing device 2 finely crushes the material so that the positive electrode material in the material is peeled off from the current collector (aluminum foil);
[0031] The outlet of the fine crushing device 2 is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage screening device 3. The material finely crushed by the fine crushing device 2 can enter the multi-stage screening device 3, and the multi-stage screening device 3 performs multi-stage screening on the material to obtain positive electrode material powder with qualified metal impurity content;
[0032] The outlet of the multi-stage screening device 3 is connected to the inlet of the specific gravity sorting device 4. The material screened by the multi-stage screening device 3 can enter the specific gravity sorting device 4. The specific gravity sorting device 4 uses the different specific gravity of the positive electrode material and the tape fiber to remove more than 90% of the tape fiber impurities mixed in the positive electrode material during the crushing process, thereby improving the purity of the positive electrode material powder;
[0033] The outlet of the gravity sorting device 4 is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic impurity removal device 5. The material preliminarily purified by the gravity sorting device 4 can enter the electrostatic impurity removal device 5. The electrostatic impurity removal device 5 utilizes the large difference in specific resistance between the positive electrode material and the tape fiber to selectively remove a small portion of the tape fiber that cannot be removed during the gravity sorting, and reduces the incremental organic matter content generated by the tape fiber to below 50 ppm, thereby obtaining a positive electrode material that meets the requirements.
[0034] A purely physical method is used to recover high-purity positive electrode materials from the leftover positive electrode materials. Compared with the high-temperature carbonization degumming method, it has lower energy consumption, does not produce new pollutants, is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and the recovered positive electrode materials can meet the dual needs of physical repair and wet element recovery at the same time. The subsequent processing flexibility is stronger and can be directly used in the physical repair production line. In addition, it can improve the overall powder recovery rate of the production line while reducing the total amount of solid waste in the production process and improving economic benefits.
[0035] Example 2
[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 1, and the details are as follows:
[0037] The coarse crushing equipment 1 adopts a double-shaft shredder, preferably a double-shaft shredder, and further preferably a double-shaft shredder with a scraper cleaning function. The size consistency of the shredded materials is good. Due to the strong viscosity of the tape, the use of single-shaft, four-shaft and other types of shredders has the risk of material adhering to the tape and then agglomerating to cause the machine to jam. The double-shaft shredder has a low rotation speed and produces less metal debris, so it is beneficial to the subsequent control of the metal impurity content.
[0038] Example 3
[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the details are as follows:
[0040] The fine crushing equipment 2 includes: a hammer mill 210. The outlet at the bottom of the coarse crushing equipment 1 is directly opposite to the inlet of the hammer mill 210 arranged below it, that is, the material in the coarse crushing equipment 1 can directly fall into the hammer mill 210, and the hammer mill 210 grinds and crushes the incoming material to crush the tape; the outlet of the hammer mill 210 is connected to the inlet of the air flow classifier 230 through the material fan 220, and the ground and crushed material in the hammer mill 210 enters the air flow classifier 230, and the air flow classification is performed in the air flow classifier 230 to screen the positive electrode material powder that meets the particle size requirements of the regeneration process. The air outlet of the air flow classifier 230 is connected to the inlet of the first bag filter 240. The dust generated during the airflow classification process enters the first bag dust collector 240 for dust removal, and the combination of airflow classifier + bag dust collector is used to collect and dedust the materials. Different from the commonly used dust collector directly collecting materials and the cyclone dust collector + bag dust collector combined collecting structure, this combination can effectively prevent the lightweight adhesive tape and broken tape fibers from pouring into the dust collection bags in large quantities, causing the dust collection bags to be blocked, resulting in insufficient collection air volume due to reduced conveying efficiency and dust overflow causing environmental pollution. The outlet at the bottom of the airflow classifier 230 is opposite to the inlet of the multi-stage screening equipment 3 arranged thereunder, and the materials classified by the airflow classifier 230 can enter the multi-stage screening equipment 3.
[0041] Example 4
[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 3, and the details are as follows:
[0043] The hammer mill 210 uses a hammer mill with a screen aperture of 6mm to 12mm. The reasons for selecting this aperture are as follows: if the screen aperture is too large, the positive electrode material de-powdering rate is low, and the positive electrode material recovery rate decreases; if the screen aperture is too small, the tape is relatively flexible and difficult to crush quickly, and it will be enriched in the grinder, affecting the feed rate, resulting in low production efficiency. At the same time, the tape will produce a large amount of fibrous debris (tape fibers) when ground in the grinder for a long time, increasing the difficulty of subsequent purification.
[0044] Example 5
[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of Embodiment 3 or 4, and the details are as follows:
[0046] The exhaust port of the first bag dust collector 240 is connected to the first induced draft fan 250. The first induced draft fan 250 exhausts air from the first bag dust collector 240 to maintain a negative pressure inside the first bag dust collector, thereby facilitating dust collection. A first unloading fan 260 is provided at the discharge port at the bottom of the airflow classifier 230. By turning on the first unloading fan 260, the material classified by the airflow classifier 230 can be discharged into the multi-stage screening equipment 3. A second unloading fan 270 is provided at the discharge port at the bottom of the first bag dust collector 240. By turning on the second unloading fan 270, the dust in the first bag dust collector 240 can be discharged into the collection device to avoid environmental pollution.
[0047] Example 6
[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of Embodiments 1 to 5, and the details are as follows:
[0049] The multi-stage screening equipment 3 adopts one of the straight-row screen, suspended vibrating screen, linear screen and swinging screen, and the straight-row screen is preferably used for the following reasons: after screening by the straight-row screen, the qualified materials screened out have a short jumping movement path in the equipment, which can effectively reduce the secondary agglomeration of the tape fibers, and the subsequent specific gravity impurity removal / electrostatic impurity removal operation is more stable, thereby obtaining positive electrode material powder with qualified metal impurity content.
[0050] Example 7
[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, and the details are as follows:
[0052] The specific gravity sorting equipment 4 includes: a specific gravity sorter 410. The outlet at the bottom of the multi-stage screening equipment 3 is directly opposite to the inlet of the specific gravity sorter 410 arranged below it, that is, the material screened in the multi-stage screening equipment 3 can directly fall into the specific gravity sorter 410. The specific gravity sorter 410 uses the large difference in specific gravity between the tape fiber and the positive electrode material powder to remove more than 90% of the tape fiber, thereby achieving the purpose of preliminarily purifying the positive electrode material powder. The air outlet of the specific gravity sorter 410 is connected to the inlet of the second bag dust collector 420. The dust generated during the specific gravity sorting process enters the second bag dust collector 420 for dust removal. The discharge port of the specific gravity sorter 410 is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic impurity removal equipment 5. The material sorted by the specific gravity sorter 410 can enter the electrostatic impurity removal equipment 5.
[0053] Example 8
[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of Embodiment 7, and the details are as follows:
[0055] The exhaust port of the second bag collector 420 is connected to the second induced draft fan 430. The second induced draft fan 430 exhausts air from the second bag collector 420 to maintain a negative pressure inside the second bag collector 420, thereby facilitating dust collection. A third unloading fan 440 is provided at the unloading port at the bottom of the second bag collector 420. By turning on the third unloading fan 440, the dust in the second bag collector 420 can be discharged into the collection device to avoid environmental pollution.
[0056] Example 9
[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of Embodiments 1 to 8, and the details are as follows:
[0058] The electrostatic impurity removal device 5 includes: a receiving hopper 510, the outlet of the specific gravity sorting device 4 is connected to the inlet of the receiving hopper 510, the material sorted by the specific gravity sorting device 4 (the positive electrode material powder after preliminary purification) can enter the receiving hopper 510, the outlet of the receiving hopper 510 is connected to the inlet of the third bag dust collector 520, the exhaust port of the third bag dust collector 520 is connected to the third induced draft fan 550, and the third induced draft fan 550 exhausts the third bag dust collector 520 to maintain a negative pressure inside it, thereby facilitating the inhalation of materials; the bottom of the third bag dust collector 520 The discharge port is connected to the inlet of a vibrating feeder 530 arranged below it. The material discharged from the third bag filter 520 can enter the vibrating feeder 530, and the vibrating feeder 530 will evenly spread the material. The outlet of the vibrating feeder 530 is connected to the inlet of an electrostatic precipitator 540 arranged below it. The material evenly spread by the vibrating feeder 530 can be quantitatively fed into the electrostatic precipitator 540. The electrostatic precipitator 540 utilizes the large difference in resistivity between the positive electrode material and the tape fiber to directionally remove the tape fiber, thereby achieving the purpose of further purifying the positive electrode material.
[0059] Example 10
[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of Embodiment 9, and the details are as follows:
[0061] A fourth unloading fan 560 is provided at the unloading port at the bottom of the third bag dust collector 520 . By turning on the fourth unloading fan 560 , the material in the third bag dust collector 520 can be discharged into the vibrating feeder 530 .
[0062] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in the field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A positive electrode material scrap recycling device, characterized in that: include: A coarse crushing device (1), wherein the outlet of the coarse crushing device (1) is connected to the inlet of a fine crushing device (2), the outlet of the fine crushing device (2) is connected to the inlet of a multi-stage screening device (3), the outlet of the multi-stage screening device (3) is connected to the inlet of a specific gravity sorting device (4), and the outlet of the specific gravity sorting device (4) is connected to the inlet of an electrostatic impurity removal device (5).
2. The positive electrode material scrap recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coarse crushing device (1) adopts a double-shaft shredder.
3. The positive electrode material scrap recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fine crushing equipment (2) comprises: a hammer mill (210); the outlet at the bottom of the coarse crushing equipment (1) is directly opposite to the inlet of the hammer mill (210) arranged below it; the outlet of the hammer mill (210) is connected to the inlet of an air classifier (230) through a material blower (220); the air outlet of the air classifier (230) is connected to the inlet of a first bag filter (240); and the outlet at the bottom of the air classifier (230) is directly opposite to the inlet of a multi-stage screening equipment (3) arranged below it.
4. The positive electrode material scrap recycling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hammer mill (210) is a hammer mill with a screen aperture of 6 mm to 12 mm.
5. A positive electrode material scrap recycling device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The air exhaust port of the first bag dust collector (240) is connected to the first induced draft fan (250), the discharge port at the bottom of the airflow classifier (230) is provided with a first unloading fan shut-off fan (260), and the discharge port at the bottom of the first bag dust collector (240) is provided with a second unloading fan shut-off fan (270).
6. The positive electrode material scrap recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage screening device (3) adopts a straight-row screen.
7. The positive electrode material scrap recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific gravity separation equipment (4) comprises: a specific gravity separator (410); the outlet at the bottom of the multi-stage screening equipment (3) is directly opposite to the inlet of the specific gravity separator (410) arranged below it; the air outlet of the specific gravity separator (410) is connected to the inlet of the second bag filter (420); and the material outlet of the specific gravity separator (410) is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic impurity removal equipment (5).
8. The positive electrode material scrap recycling device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air intake port of the second bag filter (420) is connected to the second induced draft fan (430), and a third unloading fan (440) is provided at the unloading port at the bottom of the second bag filter (420).
9. The positive electrode material scrap recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrostatic impurity removal equipment (5) comprises: a receiving hopper (510), the outlet of the specific gravity sorting equipment (4) is connected to the inlet of the receiving hopper (510), the outlet of the receiving hopper (510) is connected to the inlet of a third bag-type dust collector (520), the exhaust port of the third bag-type dust collector (520) is connected to a third induced draft fan (550), the discharge port at the bottom of the third bag-type dust collector (520) is connected to the inlet of a vibrating feeder (530) arranged below it, and the outlet of the vibrating feeder (530) is connected to the inlet of an electrostatic precipitator (540) arranged below it.
10. The positive electrode material scrap recycling device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A fourth unloading fan (560) is provided at the unloading port at the bottom of the third bag filter (520).