Medical blood diversion and distribution device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a medical blood flow guiding and distributing device which comprises a flow guiding plate and a distributing plate which are mutually buckled in a sealing mode, a cavity for containing blood is formed between the flow guiding plate and the distributing plate, the flow guiding plate is provided with an inlet, an outlet and an exhaust hole which are both communicated with the cavity, and the exhaust hole is provided with a waterproof breathable film. A plurality of distribution holes communicated with the cavity are formed in the distribution plate, a flow guide groove is formed in the side face, located in the cavity, of the flow guide plate, one end of the flow guide groove starts from the end, located in the cavity, of the inlet and outlet, and the other end of the flow guide groove extends in the direction away from the inlet and outlet. The utility model aims to provide the medical blood diversion and distribution device which can be mounted at a blood inlet and a blood outlet of a blood treatment device, so that the blood can obtain a better blood treatment effect, the speed of the blood flowing out of the treatment device is more uniform and stable, turbulence is not easy to generate, and hemolysis and thrombus are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to a medical blood diversion and distribution device. Background Art

[0002] Extracorporeal blood treatment devices include hemodialysis machines, plasma exchange machines, hemofiltration machines, hemoperfusion machines, and immunoadsorption devices. These blood treatment devices use different principles and technologies to filter, adsorb, and replace blood, removing harmful substances from the blood or replenishing necessary substances to achieve the purpose of treating diseases.

[0003] During treatment, the patient's blood is drawn from the body and passed through a blood treatment device, where it undergoes filtration, adsorption, and replacement to remove harmful substances from the blood or replenish necessary substances to achieve the goal of treating the disease. Existing blood treatment devices lack flow field optimization at the blood inlet, resulting in uneven blood distribution within the device, affecting blood treatment efficiency. Furthermore, existing blood treatment devices lack flow field optimization at the blood outlet, resulting in turbulent and unstable blood flow as the blood exits the device. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a medical blood diversion and distribution device, which can be installed at the blood inlet of a blood treatment device, allowing blood to flow through the present invention first and then flow into the blood treatment device, so that the blood velocity and pressure distribution can be more uniform, and a better blood treatment effect can be obtained; of course, the present invention can also be installed at the blood outlet of a blood treatment device, allowing blood in the blood treatment device to flow into the present invention and then flow out through the present invention, so that the blood outflow speed can be more uniform and stable, and turbulence is not easily generated, thereby reducing the occurrence of hemolysis and thrombosis.

[0005] The present invention provides a medical blood diversion and distribution device, comprising a guide plate and a distribution plate that are sealed and fastened to each other, a cavity for accommodating blood being formed between the guide plate and the distribution plate, an inlet and outlet and an exhaust hole both of which are connected to the cavity being provided on the guide plate, a waterproof and breathable membrane being provided on the exhaust hole, a plurality of distribution holes being provided on the distribution plate both of which are connected to the cavity, a guide groove being provided on the side of the guide plate located in the cavity, one end of the guide groove starting from one end of the inlet and outlet located in the cavity, and the other end of the guide groove extending in a direction away from the inlet and outlet, a reinforcement structure being provided on the side of the guide plate located outside the cavity, the reinforcement structure being a plurality of reinforcement ribs, and a plurality of the reinforcement ribs being cross-arranged on the guide plate.

[0006] The utility model discloses a medical blood diversion and distribution device, wherein a receiving groove is provided on the side of the guide plate opposite to the distribution plate, the distribution plate is sealed and fastened at the notch of the receiving groove, the inner cavity of the receiving groove between the guide plate and the distribution plate forms the cavity, and the inlet and outlet and the exhaust hole are all provided on the bottom wall of the receiving groove of the guide plate.

[0007] The utility model is a medical blood diversion and distribution device, wherein the guide groove is provided on the bottom wall of the receiving groove of the guide plate, one end of the guide groove starts from the end of the inlet and outlet located in the receiving groove, and the other end of the guide groove extends along the bottom wall of the receiving groove in a direction away from the inlet and outlet.

[0008] The utility model provides a medical blood diversion and distribution device, wherein the receiving groove is square, the inlet and outlet and the exhaust hole are respectively located at the two ends of a diagonal line of the receiving groove, the two guide grooves are provided, and the two guide grooves extend respectively along the two sides of the receiving groove adjacent to the inlet and outlet, the end of the guide groove starting from the inlet and outlet is the first end, and the end of the guide groove away from the inlet and outlet is the second end, the width of the guide groove gradually narrows along the direction from the first end to the second end, and the depth of the guide groove gradually shallows along the direction from the first end to the second end.

[0009] The utility model discloses a medical blood diversion and distribution device, wherein a plurality of diversion cones are provided in the cavity, one end of the diversion cone is fixed on the bottom wall of the accommodating groove, and the other end of the diversion cone is against the distribution plate.

[0010] The utility model discloses a medical blood diversion distribution device, wherein the distribution holes include a straight circular hole and a tapered hole that are interconnected. The straight circular hole is arranged closer to the cavity than the tapered hole, and the aperture of the tapered hole away from the straight circular hole is larger than the aperture close to the straight circular hole.

[0011] The utility model provides a medical blood diversion distribution device, wherein the portion of the distribution plate corresponding to the inlet and outlet is the first portion, the remaining portion of the distribution plate except the first portion is the second portion, and a plurality of distribution holes are arranged in an array on the second portion of the distribution plate.

[0012] The utility model discloses a medical blood diversion and distribution device, wherein the guide plate is provided with a card slot, the distribution plate is provided with a card block matching the card slot, the card block is clamped in the card slot, and the guide plate and the distribution plate are sealed and fastened to each other through the card slot and the card block.

[0013] The utility model discloses a medical blood diversion and distribution device, wherein the diversion plate and the distribution plate are sealed and fastened to each other by welding, bonding, riveting, bolt connection or screw connection.

[0014] The present invention differs from the prior art in that, when in use, the present invention is installed at the blood inlet and outlet of a blood treatment device, respectively. The device installed at the blood inlet is referred to as a first blood diversion distribution device, and the device installed at the blood outlet is referred to as a second blood diversion distribution device. The blood flows in the following order: first blood diversion distribution device → blood treatment device → second blood diversion distribution device. The first blood diversion distribution device has its inlet and outlet connected to an external pipeline, allowing blood in the external pipeline to flow into the cavity through the inlet and outlet. During this process, the blood is evenly distributed throughout the cavity through the guidance of the diversion grooves. The blood then flows evenly out of the cavity through the distribution holes and into the blood treatment device. After treatment, the blood flows from the blood treatment device into the second blood diversion distribution device. When flowing into the second blood diversion distribution device, the blood evenly flows into the cavity through the distribution holes, then flows through the diversion grooves to the inlet and outlet, and then flows out of the inlet and outlet at a uniform rate. The inlet and outlet of the second blood diversion distribution device are also connected to external pipelines, and blood flows out through the external pipelines after exiting the inlet and outlet. In addition, the exhaust holes on the blood diversion distribution device are provided with a waterproof and breathable membrane. Therefore, when the blood fills the cavity, the gas in the cavity can pass through the waterproof and breathable membrane and be discharged from the exhaust holes, but the blood in the cavity cannot pass through the waterproof and breathable membrane, so the blood in the cavity will not leak out of the exhaust holes. It can be seen that the present invention can be installed at the blood inlet of a blood treatment device, allowing blood to flow through the present invention first and then into the blood treatment device. This can make the blood velocity and pressure distribution more uniform, and can achieve better blood treatment effects. Of course, the present invention can also be installed at the blood outlet of a blood treatment device, allowing blood in the blood treatment device to flow into the present invention and then out through the present invention. This can make the blood outflow velocity more uniform and stable, and is less likely to generate turbulence, thereby reducing the occurrence of hemolysis and thrombosis.

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front view of the medical blood diversion and distribution device of the present utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 For the Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along line AA;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a rear view of the medical blood diversion and distribution device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 The three-dimensional medical blood diversion distribution device of the utility model Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 5 The three-dimensional medical blood diversion distribution device of the utility model Figure 2 ;

[0021] Figure 6 This is the front view of the guide plate in the utility model;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a rear view of the deflector plate of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 The three-dimensional guide plate of the utility model Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 9 The three-dimensional guide plate of the utility model Figure 2 ;

[0025] Figure 10 This is the main view of the distribution plate in the utility model;

[0026] Figure 11 For the Figure 10 Cross-sectional view along the midline BB;

[0027] Figure 12 This is a rear view of the distribution plate in the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 13 The three-dimensional distribution plate in the utility model Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 14 The three-dimensional distribution plate in the utility model Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of blood flowing from the cavity of the present invention through the distribution holes into the blood processing device;

[0031] Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram of blood flowing from the blood processing device into the cavity through the distribution holes of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 17 This is a flow field distribution diagram of blood flowing from the inlet and outlet of the utility model into the cavity;

[0033] Figure 18 The figure is a flow field distribution diagram of blood flowing out of the cavity through the inlet and outlet of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 19 This is a vortex distribution diagram of the distribution plate when blood flows from the cavity of the utility model through the distribution holes into the blood processing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, combined with Figure 2-16 As shown, the medical blood diversion and distribution device of the present invention includes a guide plate 1 and a distribution plate 2 that are sealed and fastened to each other, and a cavity for accommodating blood is formed between the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2. The guide plate 1 is provided with an inlet and outlet 103 and an exhaust hole 105 both of which are connected to the cavity, and the exhaust hole 105 is provided with a waterproof and breathable membrane (not shown in the figure). The distribution plate 2 is provided with a plurality of distribution holes 202 all of which are connected to the cavity, and a guide groove 104 is provided on the side of the guide plate 1 located in the cavity, one end of the guide groove 104 starts from one end of the inlet and outlet 103 located in the cavity, and the other end of the guide groove 104 extends in a direction away from the inlet and outlet 103.

[0036] Because vent 105 is provided with a waterproof, breathable membrane, when blood enters the cavity, the gas within the cavity can be discharged through vent 105, while blood cannot be discharged through vent 105. Waterproof, breathable membranes are conventional technology, and their specific structure and operating principles are not described in detail here. If vent 105 were not provided, blood would not be able to enter the cavity due to the gas pressure within the cavity.

[0037] like Figure 2 、 6 As shown in Figure 9, the medical blood diversion and distribution device of the present invention is provided with a receiving groove 106 on the side of the guide plate 1 relative to the distribution plate 2, and the distribution plate 2 is sealed and fastened at the notch of the receiving groove 106. The inner cavity of the receiving groove 106 between the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2 forms the cavity, and the inlet and outlet 103 and the exhaust hole 105 are all provided on the bottom wall of the receiving groove 106 of the guide plate 1.

[0038] In addition to the cavity setting method of the above-mentioned embodiment, the cavity can also be set in the following manner: 1) Instead of setting the accommodating groove 106 on the guide plate 1, the accommodating groove 106 is set on the side of the distribution plate 2 opposite to the guide plate 1, and the guide plate 1 is sealed and fastened at the notch of the accommodating groove 106, so that the inner cavity of the accommodating groove 106 between the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2 forms the cavity; 2) accommodating grooves 106 are set on the opposite sides of the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2. After the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2 are sealed and fastened, the space formed by the two accommodating grooves 106 is the cavity.

[0039] like Figure 6 、 9 As shown, the medical blood diversion and distribution device of the present invention, wherein the guide groove 104 is provided on the bottom wall of the receiving groove 106 of the guide plate 1, one end of the guide groove 104 starts from the end of the inlet and outlet 103 located in the receiving groove 106, and the other end of the guide groove 104 extends along the bottom wall of the receiving groove 106 in a direction away from the inlet and outlet 103.

[0040] In this embodiment, the receiving groove 106 is square, the inlet and outlet 103 and the exhaust hole 105 are respectively located at the two ends of a diagonal line of the receiving groove 106, and the two guide grooves 104 are respectively extended along the two sides of the receiving groove 106 adjacent to the inlet and outlet 103. The end of the guide groove 104 starting from the inlet and outlet 103 is the first end, and the end of the guide groove 104 away from the inlet and outlet 103 is the second end. The width of the guide groove 104 gradually narrows along the direction from the first end to the second end, and the depth of the guide groove 104 gradually shallows along the direction from the first end to the second end. The guide groove 104 is a blood flow guiding structure that can evenly distribute blood: Figure 17 As shown, when blood flows into the cavity from the inlet and outlet 103, the blood is divided into two streams from the inlet and outlet 103. The two streams of blood flow along the two guide grooves 104 respectively. Under the guidance of the guide grooves 104, the blood gradually moves to the exhaust holes 105 until it evenly fills the cavity (during this process, the gas in the cavity is discharged from the exhaust holes 105); Figure 18 As shown, when blood flows out of the cavity through the inlet and outlet 103, the blood is also guided by the guide groove 104 so that the blood can evenly spread throughout the cavity.

[0041] like Figure 2 、 6 As shown in Figure 9, the medical blood diversion and distribution device of the present invention has a plurality of diversion cones 107 disposed within the cavity. One end of each diversion cone 107 is fixed to the bottom wall of the receiving groove 106, and the other end of each diversion cone 107 abuts against the distribution plate 2. The diversion cones 107 are used to reduce turbulence in the blood and stabilize the blood flow.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, combined with Figure 1 、 5 , 10-16, the medical blood diversion distribution device of the present invention, wherein the distribution hole 202 includes a straight circular hole 2022 and a tapered hole 2021 that are interconnected. The straight circular hole 2022 is arranged closer to the cavity than the tapered hole 2021. The aperture of the tapered hole 2021 away from the straight circular hole 2022 is larger than the aperture near the straight circular hole 2022. In other words, the aperture of the tapered hole 2021 gradually increases from the inner side of the cavity of the distribution plate 2 to the outer side of the cavity. More specifically, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 、 11 As shown, the aperture of the tapered hole 2021 gradually increases from left to right, as shown in FIG. Figure 15 As shown, the diameter of the tapered hole 2021 gradually increases from top to bottom. Figure 16 As shown, the diameter of the tapered hole 2021 gradually increases from bottom to top. Figure 15 、 19As shown, when blood flows from the cavity through the distribution hole 202 into the blood treatment device 3, the blood flows through the straight circular hole 2022 and the tapered hole 2021 of the distribution hole 202 in sequence, forming a vortex, so that the blood is fully in contact with the blood treatment device 3; Figure 16 As shown, when blood flows out of the blood processing device 3 and flows into the cavity through the distribution hole 202, the blood flows through the tapered hole 2021 and the straight circular hole 2022 of the distribution hole 202 in sequence, which can reduce turbulence and make the blood output more stable.

[0043] like Figure 1 、 2 , 5, and 10-14 illustrate a medical blood diversion and distribution device according to the present invention, wherein the portion of the distribution plate 2 corresponding to the inlet and outlet 103 is a first portion 203, and the remaining portion of the distribution plate 2 other than the first portion 203 is a second portion. A plurality of distribution holes 202 are arranged in an array on the second portion of the distribution plate 2. The first portion 203 of the distribution plate 2 is not provided with distribution holes 202. In other words, the first portion 203 forms a blocking structure. When blood flows into the cavity through the inlet and outlet 103, the blocking structure can block the impact of the blood flow, allowing the blood to be distributed along the diversion groove 104.

[0044] like Figure 3 、 4 , 7, and 8, the medical blood diversion and distribution device of the present invention, wherein the side of the guide plate 1 located outside the cavity is provided with a reinforcement structure. In this embodiment, the reinforcement structure is a plurality of reinforcement ribs 102, which are cross-arranged on the guide plate 1, thereby increasing the strength of the guide plate 1.

[0045] like Figure 1 、 5 , 6, 9, 10, 12-14 show the medical blood diversion and distribution device of the present invention, wherein the guide plate 1 is provided with a card slot 101, and the distribution plate 2 is provided with a card block 201 matching the card slot 101, and the card block 201 is snapped into the card slot 101, and the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2 are sealed and fastened to each other through the card slot 101 and the card block 201.

[0046] Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned sealing fastening method, the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2 can also be sealed and fastened to each other by welding, bonding, riveting, bolting or screwing.

[0047] In order to enhance the sealing effect, the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2 are sealed together by the card slot 101 and the card block 201, and then the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2 are bonded or welded; of course, the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2 can also be bonded or welded together on the basis of being riveted, bolted or screwed.

[0048] The difference between the medical blood diversion distribution device of the present invention and the prior art is that when the medical blood diversion distribution device of the present invention is used, a medical blood diversion distribution device of the present invention is installed at the blood inlet and the blood outlet of the blood treatment device 3 respectively. The medical blood diversion distribution device installed at the blood inlet is recorded as the first blood diversion distribution device, and the medical blood diversion distribution device installed at the blood outlet is recorded as the second blood diversion distribution device. The blood flows in the following order: first blood diversion distribution device → blood treatment device 3 → second blood diversion distribution device. For the first blood diversion distribution device, its inlet and outlet 103 are connected to the external pipeline so that the blood in the external pipeline flows into the cavity through the inlet and outlet 103. During this process, the blood is blocked by the first part 203 of the distribution plate 2, and then flows smoothly into the guide groove. After that, the blood is evenly distributed in the cavity through the guidance of the guide groove 104 (such as Figure 17 As shown), the blood then flows out of the cavity evenly from the distribution holes 202 and flows into the blood treatment device 3 (as shown Figure 15 As shown), after being processed, the blood flows from the blood processing device 3 into the second blood diversion distribution device. When flowing into the second blood diversion distribution device, the blood flows evenly into the cavity from the distribution hole 202 (as shown). Figure 16 As shown), it then passes through the guide groove 104 and reaches the inlet and outlet 103 (as shown Figure 18 As shown, blood can evenly fill the cavity, then flow out of the inlet and outlet 103 at a uniform rate. The inlet and outlet 103 of the second blood diversion distribution device is also connected to an external pipeline, and blood flows out through the external pipeline after exiting the inlet and outlet 103. Furthermore, the vents 105 of the blood diversion distribution device are provided with a waterproof, breathable membrane. Therefore, as the blood fills the cavity, the gas within the cavity can pass through the waterproof, breathable membrane and be discharged from the vents 105. However, the blood within the cavity cannot pass through the waterproof, breathable membrane, so the blood within the cavity does not leak out of the vents 105. It can be seen that the present invention can be installed at the blood inlet of the blood treatment device 3, so that the blood first flows through the present invention and then flows into the blood treatment device 3, which can make the blood velocity and pressure distribution more uniform and obtain a better blood treatment effect; of course, the present invention can also be installed at the blood outlet of the blood treatment device 3, so that the blood in the blood treatment device 3 flows into the present invention and then flows out through the present invention, which can make the blood outflow speed more uniform and stable, and is less likely to generate turbulence, thereby reducing the occurrence of hemolysis and thrombosis.

[0049] The advantages of this utility model compared with the prior art are:

[0050] (1) Between the guide plate 1 and the distribution plate 2, the blood pressure and velocity can be evenly distributed without dead zones, thus reducing the possibility of thrombosis.

[0051] (2) When blood flows from the cavity into the blood treatment device 3 through the distribution holes 202, a vortex can be formed between the distribution plate 2 and the blood treatment device 3, so that the blood is in full contact with the blood treatment device 3, thereby improving the blood treatment effect.

[0052] (3) When blood flows out of the blood treatment device 3 and into the cavity through the distribution holes 202, the distribution plate 2 can reduce the turbulence in the blood treatment device 3, so that the blood can be output stably.

[0053] It should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", and "middle" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0054] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0055] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred implementation methods of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A medical blood diversion distribution device, characterized in that: It includes a guide plate and a distribution plate which are sealed and buckled with each other, a cavity for accommodating blood is formed between the guide plate and the distribution plate, the guide plate is provided with an inlet and outlet and an exhaust hole which are both connected to the cavity, the exhaust hole is provided with a waterproof breathable membrane, the distribution plate is provided with a plurality of distribution holes which are all connected to the cavity, a guide groove is provided on the side of the guide plate located in the cavity, one end of the guide groove starts from one end of the inlet and outlet located in the cavity, and the other end of the guide groove extends in a direction away from the inlet and outlet, a reinforcement structure is provided on the side of the guide plate located outside the cavity, the reinforcement structure is a plurality of reinforcement ribs, and the plurality of reinforcement ribs are cross-arranged on the guide plate.

2. The medical blood diversion and distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A receiving groove is provided on the side of the guide plate opposite to the distribution plate, and the distribution plate is sealed and buckled at the notch of the receiving groove. The inner cavity of the receiving groove between the guide plate and the distribution plate forms the cavity, and the inlet and outlet and exhaust holes are all provided on the bottom wall of the receiving groove of the guide plate.

3. The medical blood diversion and distribution device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide groove is provided on the bottom wall of the receiving groove of the guide plate, one end of the guide groove starts from the end of the inlet and outlet located in the receiving groove, and the other end of the guide groove extends along the bottom wall of the receiving groove in a direction away from the inlet and outlet.

4. The medical blood diversion and distribution device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The receiving groove is square, the inlet and outlet and the exhaust hole are respectively located at the two ends of a diagonal line of the receiving groove, the guide groove is provided with two, the two guide grooves respectively extend along the two sides of the receiving groove adjacent to the inlet and outlet, the end of the guide groove starting at the inlet and outlet is the first end, the end of the guide groove away from the inlet and outlet is the second end, the width of the guide groove gradually narrows along the direction from the first end to the second end, and the depth of the guide groove gradually shallows along the direction from the first end to the second end.

5. The medical blood diversion and distribution device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of guide cones are arranged in the cavity, one end of the guide cone is fixed on the bottom wall of the accommodating groove, and the other end of the guide cone is against the distribution plate.

6. The medical blood diversion and distribution device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distribution holes include straight circular holes and tapered holes that are interconnected. The straight circular holes are arranged closer to the cavity than the tapered holes. The aperture of the tapered holes away from the straight circular holes is larger than the aperture close to the straight circular holes.

7. The medical blood diversion and distribution device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The portion of the distribution plate corresponding to the inlet and outlet is the first portion, the remaining portion of the distribution plate except the first portion is the second portion, and the plurality of distribution holes are arranged in an array on the second portion of the distribution plate.

8. The medical blood diversion and distribution device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The guide plate is provided with a card slot, the distribution plate is provided with a card block matching the card slot, the card block is connected in the card slot, and the guide plate and the distribution plate are sealed and buckled with each other through the card slot and the card block.

9. The medical blood diversion and distribution device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The guide plate and the distribution plate are sealed and fastened to each other by welding, bonding, riveting, bolting or screwing.

Images