Magnetic steel structure, motor rotor, motor and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a magnetic steel structure, a motor rotor, a motor and a vehicle. The magnetic steel structure is arranged on the motor rotor; the magnetic steel structure comprises first magnetic steel and second magnetic steel which are arranged in a V-shaped structure; the first magnetic steel and / or the second magnetic steel are / is formed by splicing four relatively insulated magnetic steel sections along the direction far away from the tip of the included angle of the V-shaped structure, and the adjacent magnetic steel sections are made of different materials. Based on the scheme, the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel which are of the V-shaped structure are each of a structure formed by splicing the four magnetic steel sections, eddy current loss can be reduced, all the sections are made of different materials, and the purposes of improving residual magnetism and reducing cost can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a magnetic steel structure, a motor rotor, a motor and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the electric vehicle market and technology, electric drive systems have gradually replaced engine systems and have been widely used. As the power source for driving vehicles, the development of motor technology is not only reflected in power density, NVH and efficiency indicators, but also has increasingly higher technical requirements in terms of reliability. Among them, magnetic steel, as a key component of the motor, generates permanent magnetic torque to drive the rotor to rotate. Its demagnetization assessment index is particularly strict and is one of the most important indicators of motor electromagnetic design.

[0003] At present, the main means to improve the anti-demagnetization ability of the motor are: improving the cooling capacity of the motor, reducing the working temperature of the magnetic steel, increasing the coercive force of the magnetic steel and changing the rotor topology through electromagnetic design. The effects of the above methods are relatively limited and the cost and time cycle are greatly increased. How to further improve and optimize the anti-demagnetization ability of the motor has become an urgent problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a magnetic steel structure, a motor rotor, a motor and a vehicle.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a magnetic steel structure, which is arranged on a motor rotor; the magnetic steel structure comprises a first magnetic steel and a second magnetic steel arranged in a V-shaped structure;

[0006] Along the direction away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the first magnetic steel and / or the second magnetic steel is formed by splicing four relatively insulated magnetic steel segments, and the materials of adjacent magnetic steel segments are different.

[0007] Optionally, along a direction away from a tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the widths corresponding to each magnetic steel segment are equal.

[0008] Optionally, along a direction away from a tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the widths corresponding to each magnetic steel segment are different.

[0009] Optionally, along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the width corresponding to each magnetic steel segment decreases successively.

[0010] Optionally, along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the coercive force corresponding to each magnetic steel segment decreases successively.

[0011] Optionally, along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the residual magnetism corresponding to each magnetic steel segment increases successively.

[0012] Optionally, along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the magnetic energy product corresponding to each magnetic steel segment decreases successively.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a motor rotor, comprising a magnetic steel structure as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a motor, comprising the motor rotor as described in the second aspect.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the present application also provides a vehicle, comprising the motor as described in the third aspect.

[0016] The present application provides a magnetic steel structure, a motor rotor, a motor and a vehicle, wherein the magnetic steel structure is arranged on the motor rotor; the magnetic steel structure includes a first magnetic steel and a second magnetic steel arranged in a V-shaped structure; along the direction away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the first magnetic steel and / or the second magnetic steel is composed of four relatively insulated magnetic steel segments spliced ​​together, and the materials of adjacent magnetic steel segments are different. Based on the above scheme, the present application is conducive to reducing eddy current losses by setting the first magnetic steel and the second magnetic steel of the V-shaped structure to be a structure spliced ​​together by four magnetic steel segments, and each segment of material is set to a different material, which can achieve the purpose of both improving residual magnetism and reducing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a magnetic steel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another magnetic steel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another magnetic steel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 A magnetic steel eddy current loss curve diagram of a magnetic steel with different segment numbers provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 A curve diagram showing a change in demagnetization area versus magnetic steel coercivity provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6A demagnetization cloud diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another magnetic steel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application, the scheme of the present application will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0025] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application, but the present application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0026] An embodiment of the present application provides a magnetic steel structure, which is arranged on a motor rotor. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a magnetic steel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. The magnetic steel structure includes a first magnetic steel 100 and a second magnetic steel 200 arranged in a V-shaped structure.

[0027] Along the direction away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the first magnetic steel 100 and / or the second magnetic steel 200 is formed by splicing four relatively insulated magnetic steel segments 101, and the materials of adjacent magnetic steel segments 101 are different.

[0028] First of all, it should be noted that although the embodiment of the present application protects a magnetic steel structure, it is understandable that the magnetic steel structure is arranged on the motor rotor, and corresponding technical problems arise when the motor is working. Therefore, in the process of describing the technical scheme and technical effects in the embodiment of the present application, the subject "motor" is inevitably used for narration, but it should be understood that this does not affect the protection subject of the embodiment as a magnetic steel structure, but it is only to make the narrative process more reasonable and coherent, so as to fully explain the relevant principles and operation process. In the embodiment of the present application, except for possible special instructions, the first magnetic steel 100 or the second magnetic steel 200 is not deliberately limited. Therefore, in order to make the description concise, the first magnetic steel 100 and the second magnetic steel 200 are directly replaced by magnetic steel in the embodiment of the present application, that is, the magnetic steel described in the embodiment of the present application can refer to at least one of the first magnetic steel 100 and the second magnetic steel 200.

[0029] Specifically, eddy current loss Pe∝t 2-×V, where the heat loss generated by the magnet is eddy current loss, which means that when the magnet is in an alternating magnetic field, a rotating current is generated inside the magnet. This current is eddy current, and when it passes through the inside of the magnet, it will inevitably encounter resistance (the magnet is a conductor), thereby generating heat, and thus energy is converted into heat energy. This part of energy constitutes eddy current loss.

[0030] The calculation formula of eddy current loss Pe is: Pe = Ke × f 2 ×B 2 ×t 2 ×V.

[0031] Among them, Ke is a constant related to the material properties, including material resistivity and eddy current distribution factors, f is the frequency of the alternating magnetic field, B is the peak value of the magnetic flux density, and t is the lamination width of the magnetic material in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. The formula shows that the eddy current loss is proportional to the square of the frequency, the square of the magnetic flux density, the square of the material width and the material volume. It is divided into 4 sections along the direction away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure (hereinafter described as along the width direction of the magnetic steel), which is beneficial to reduce the lamination width and thus reduce the eddy current loss.

[0032] On the other hand, the embodiment of the present application can set different magnetic steel segments 101 to different materials, for example, using materials with higher remanence at locations with stronger demagnetization effects, and using materials with lower remanence at locations with weaker demagnetization effects. Since materials with higher remanence have higher prices, the embodiment of the present application can reduce costs while ensuring anti-demagnetization capabilities.

[0033] In summary, the embodiments of the present application can improve the anti-demagnetization capability of the motor and reduce the cost through the above-mentioned solution.

[0034] Continue reading Figure 1 In some embodiments, along the direction away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the width of each magnetic steel segment 101 is equal.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the width of each magnetic steel segment 101 can be W0. It can be seen from the above eddy current loss calculation formula that when the magnetic steel segment 101 is divided into four equal sections along the magnetic steel width direction, t becomes 1 / 16 of the original, that is, the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel is reduced to 1 / 16 of the original. In the case of two equal sections, the eddy current loss is 1 / 4 of the original, in the case of three equal sections, the eddy current loss is 1 / 9 of the original, and in the case of N equal sections, the eddy current loss is 1 / N of the original. 2 .

[0036] The more segments the magnetic steel has, the more difficult it is to assemble the magnetic steel. Moreover, when the number of segments of the magnetic steel segment 101 is more, the gain effect of the eddy current loss improvement is worse. For example, in the case of two equal divisions, the eddy current loss is 1 / 4 of that in the case of no segmentation, that is, a reduction of 75%; in the case of three equal divisions, the eddy current loss is 1 / 9 of that in the case of no segmentation, that is, a reduction of about 89%; in the case of four equal divisions, the eddy current loss is 1 / 16 of that in the case of no segmentation, that is, a reduction of 93.75%; in the case of five equal divisions, the eddy current loss is 1 / 25, that is, a reduction of 96%. From the above comparison, it can be seen that when the number of segments is gradually increased, the trend of eddy current loss improvement slows down, but in fact, as the number of segments increases, the difficulty of assembly increases. In addition, the direction of the magnetic field in the actual magnetic steel changes and is unevenly distributed, and the reduction in eddy current loss is lower than the theoretical effect. Combined with finite element simulation, dividing it into 4 sections can meet the design scenario requirements of automotive permanent magnet motors (current fundamental frequency is less than 1500hz) to improve efficiency, achieve a balance between cost optimization and mass production.

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another magnetic steel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, along a direction away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the widths of each magnetic steel segment 101 are different.

[0038] Specifically, Figure 2 Only a part of the magnetic steel structure is shown in the figure, and the magnetic steel may be the first magnetic steel 100 or the second magnetic steel 200. In the embodiment of the present application, the first magnetic steel 100 and the second magnetic steel 200 may also be set as unequally divided magnetic steel segments 101. Thus, the embodiment of the present application can also achieve the purpose of reducing the width of each magnetic steel segment 101, thereby reducing eddy current loss.

[0039] Continue reading Figure 2 In some embodiments, along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment 101 toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment 101 away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the width corresponding to each magnetic steel segment 101 decreases successively.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the width of the magnetic steel segment 101 at the outermost edge of the magnetic steel segment 101 may be W1, and the width of the inner magnetic steel segment 101 is W2, where W1<W2.

[0041] In some embodiments, along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment 101 toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment 101 away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the coercive force corresponding to each magnetic steel segment 101 decreases successively.

[0042] In some embodiments, along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment 101 toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment 101 away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the residual magnetism corresponding to each magnetic steel segment 101 increases successively.

[0043] In some embodiments, along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment 101 toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment 101 away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the magnetic energy product corresponding to each magnetic steel segment 101 decreases successively.

[0044] The embodiment of this application verifies the structure of the magnetic steel under equal segmentation. Take the electromagnetic design of an 8-pole 48-slot motor as an example. By dividing the magnetic steel into 4 equal segments along the width direction of the magnetic steel, insulating it and then bonding it together, the general rules are summarized and the effects of segmentation and non-segmentation on the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel are compared. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another magnetic steel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 3 Figure a (Scheme 1) is not segmented. Figure 3 In b (Scheme 2), c (Scheme 3) and d (Scheme 4) of the figure, the large and small magnetic steels of the double V rotor topology are divided into 2, 3 and 4 sections respectively along the magnetic steel width direction; the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel of the three segmentation methods under a certain characteristic working condition of the motor is calculated by finite element simulation, and the calculation results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 A magnetic steel eddy current loss curve diagram for a magnetic steel with different numbers of segments provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Table 1 - Eddy current loss improvement trend corresponding to different segmentation methods of magnetic steel

[0047]

[0048] From Table 1 and Figure 4 It can be seen that the simulated eddy current loss of the magnetic steel decreases with the increase of the number of magnetic steel segments, and the benefit of the 4-segment equal distribution is obvious, with the large magnetic steel exceeding 60% and the small magnetic steel exceeding 80%. Moreover, the slope becomes slower and the benefit decreases with the increase of the number of segments. At the same time, considering that the size of the magnetic steel of the automotive permanent magnet synchronous motor is generally 10-30mm wide and 2-6mm thick, considering the influence of the bonding gap and the manufacturing process, the size of the block magnetic steel in the width direction is not easy to be smaller than the magnetic steel thickness. Therefore, this case chooses to divide the magnetic steel into 4 sections in the width direction.

[0049] Secondly, with the rapid development of electric vehicle technology, the coercive force of the four magnetic steel segments 101 in the width direction is adjusted on the basis of the above magnetic steel segmentation scheme, and the effects of different coercive force combinations on the anti-demagnetization performance of the rotor are compared.

[0050] like Figure 3-a and Table 2 show that the large and small magnets of the double V rotor topology in Scheme 1 are not segmented along the magnet width direction, similar to the traditional rotor design scheme, the large and small magnets use the same coercive force. Taking 45UH (a magnet material) as an example, after demagnetization verification through finite element simulation, it was found that the demagnetization area of ​​the small magnet was about 15%, exceeding 10%, and the assessment index was unqualified, and the total torque reduction rate was 1.26%, exceeding 1%, and unqualified.

[0051] Table 2-Demagnetization simulation data of rotor hard-cutting active short-circuit protection with different coercivity of magnetic steel segments

[0052]

[0053] If demagnetization fails, such as Figure 3 -a and Table 2 show that the traditional solution 2 is adopted to improve the overall coercive force of large and small magnets. Here, taking the improvement of 45UH to 45EH as an example, after demagnetization verification through finite element simulation, it is found that the demagnetization area of ​​the small magnet is 10% qualified and the total torque reduction rate is 0.06% qualified.

[0054] Solution 3 shown in Table 2 can better solve this type of problem by increasing the coercive force of the segments at both ends of the magnetic steel. Here, 45UH is increased to 45EH. At the same time, the material of the middle section of the magnetic steel that is not easy to demagnetize is changed to 45SH. After demagnetization verification through finite element simulation, it is found that the demagnetization area of ​​the small magnetic steel is 10% qualified and the total torque reduction rate is 0.08% qualified. Solution 3 uses lower material performance to meet the same demagnetization requirements and improves the competitiveness of the product.

[0055] In Table 2, the grade 45 magnetic steel corresponds to the coercive force Hcb at 150°C, -843.8kA / m is close to N45EH, -731.1kA / m is close to N45UH, and -678.5A / m is close to N45SH.

[0056] Finally, by adjusting the remanence of the four segments of magnetic steel in the width direction of the magnetic steel (the higher the remanence, the greater the torque and power, the higher the remanence, the lower the coercive force, the product of the two is the limit, and the material with the highest remanence can be selected on the basis of the coercive force that meets the anti-demagnetization requirements to improve the performance of the motor), the performance limit of the magnetic material is fully utilized to pursue higher power density and torque density. Taking Scheme 2 in Table 3 as an example, on the basis of Scheme 1 in Table 3, the remanence of the middle segmented magnetic material of the large and small magnetic steels is adjusted from 45SH to 53SH. While ensuring the anti-demagnetization performance, the torque is increased by 1.8% and the power is increased by 2.2%. Through this embodiment, magnetic materials with high remanence properties can also be used in rotor design scenarios with high demagnetization pressure to obtain higher motor performance.

[0057] Table 3-Residual magnetism data of different magnetic steel segments

[0058]

[0059] In Scheme 1 in Table 3, the 45EH magnetic material used at both ends of the large and small magnetic steels has a remanent magnetism Br of 1.157T at 150°C, and the 45SH magnetic material used in the middle has a remanent magnetism Br of 1.157T. In Scheme 2 in Table 3, the 45EH magnetic material used at both ends and the 53SH magnetic material used in the middle have a remanent magnetism Br of 1.234T.

[0060] In summary, the traditional segmentation of magnetic steel can reduce the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel, appropriately reduce the temperature of the motor, improve the efficiency and improve the anti-demagnetization ability to a certain extent, but the effect is limited; at the same time, the traditional overall improvement of the coercive force of the magnetic steel, although it can greatly improve the anti-demagnetization ability of the motor, but the increase in coercive force will reduce the residual magnetism of the magnetic material, and will reduce the power and torque density of the motor. In other words, it reduces the utilization rate of the magnetic steel.

[0061] This case combines two traditional methods, and improves the structure and materials through finite element simulation design optimization. It reduces eddy current loss by evenly dividing the large and small magnetic steel into 4 sections, improves motor efficiency and appropriately improves anti-demagnetization ability. On the basis of the segmented process, high coercive force and low remanence materials (maximum magnetic energy product) are used at the two ends of the magnetic steel corners where demagnetization is strictly required to pursue high anti-demagnetization ability. At the same time, low coercive force and high remanence materials (minimum magnetic energy product) are used in the middle area with relatively small demagnetization to pursue maximum torque and power density, making full use of the limits of magnetic material performance and achieving effects that traditional solutions cannot achieve.

[0062] Regarding the unequal segmentation method, the embodiment of the present application also makes improvements that are not limited to dividing the magnetic steel into four sections. Specifically, under the condition that other parameters of the motor are fixed, a DOE experiment of simulating demagnetization is performed on the coercive force of the magnetic steel to obtain the demagnetization area under different coercive force conditions.

[0063] Figure 5 A curve diagram of the change of demagnetization area with the coercive force of magnetic steel provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, as the coercivity decreases, the demagnetization area increases. Figure 6 A demagnetization cloud diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 It can be seen that as the coercivity decreases, the demagnetization area increases from both ends to the middle along the width of the magnetic steel. When the coercivity approaches the critical point of -640Ka / m, the demagnetization area increases sharply. From this trend, we can deduce an unequal magnetic steel segmentation method such as Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another magnetic steel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7In the figure, the width of the magnetic steel segment 101 gradually increases from the edge of the magnetic steel to the center of the magnetic steel, that is, W3<W4<W5<W6<W7. From the center of the magnetic steel to the two ends, the coercive force of the magnetic steel is increased step by step. The closer to the two ends of the magnetic steel, the greater the coercive force value required to ensure that the magnetic steel of each segment does not demagnetize. This segmentation scheme needs to use the DOE experiment of simulated demagnetization to calculate the demagnetization range of magnetic steels with different coercive forces and the distance between the demagnetization boundary and the two ends of the magnetic steel. Calculation results of unequal segmented magnetic steel Figure 6 As shown in Scheme 7, the demagnetization area and Figure 6 Solution 1 uses the same high coercive force magnetic steel and achieves the same anti-demagnetization ability of high coercive force magnetic steel at the lowest magnetic steel material cost. In the actual production process, the process manufacturability must also be considered. At the same time, reducing the number of materials can reduce the number of segments and select a more appropriate number of segments.

[0064] An embodiment of the present application further provides a motor rotor, which includes a magnetic steel structure as described in any one of the above-mentioned magnetic steel structure embodiments.

[0065] The motor rotor provided in the embodiment of the present application has at least some of the same technical features as the above-mentioned magnetic steel structure embodiment, and can therefore solve the same technical problems as the above-mentioned magnetic steel structure and achieve the same technical effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0066] An embodiment of the present application further provides a motor, which includes the motor rotor in the above motor rotor embodiment.

[0067] The motor provided in the embodiment of the present application has at least some of the same technical features as the above-mentioned motor rotor embodiment, and can therefore solve the same technical problems as the above-mentioned motor rotor embodiment and achieve the same technical effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0068] An embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle, which includes the motor in the above motor embodiment.

[0069] The vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present application has at least some of the same technical features as the above-mentioned motor embodiment, and therefore can also solve the same technical problems as the above-mentioned motor embodiment and achieve the same technical effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0070] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprises" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0071] So far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetic steel structure, characterized in that: The magnetic steel structure is arranged on the motor rotor; the magnetic steel structure comprises a first magnetic steel and a second magnetic steel arranged in a V-shaped structure; Along the direction away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the first magnetic steel and / or the second magnetic steel is formed by splicing four relatively insulated magnetic steel segments, and the materials of adjacent magnetic steel segments are different.

2. The magnetic steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the direction away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the width corresponding to each magnetic steel segment is equal.

3. The magnetic steel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the direction away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the widths corresponding to each magnetic steel segment are different.

4. The magnetic steel structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: Along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the width corresponding to each magnetic steel segment decreases successively.

5. The magnetic steel structure according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: Along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the coercive force corresponding to each magnetic steel segment decreases successively.

6. The magnetic steel structure according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: Along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the residual magnetism corresponding to each magnetic steel segment increases successively.

7. The magnetic steel structure according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: Along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment toward the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, and / or along the direction from the center of the magnetic steel segment away from the tip of the angle of the V-shaped structure, the magnetic energy product corresponding to each magnetic steel segment decreases successively.

8. A motor rotor, characterized in that: The motor rotor comprises the magnetic steel structure as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A motor, characterized in that: The electric machine comprises the electric machine rotor as claimed in claim 8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises the electric machine as claimed in claim 9.

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