Multi-channel rack

By designing a multi-channel material rack, the problem of low production efficiency during material rack replenishment and color replacement is solved, automatic tape reel replacement and supplementation is realized, and the efficiency of the board edge sealing process is improved.

CN222273586UActive Publication Date: 2024-12-31FOSHAN CHAOYUE INTELLIGENT MFG EQUIP CO LTD
View PDF 0 Cites 0 Cited by

Patent Information

Application Number
CN202420936070.7
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-04-29
Publication Date
2024-12-31
Estimated Expiration
2034-04-29

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

During the edge sealing process of sheet material, the machine needs to be shut down when replenishing the material rack and changing the color, which affects the production efficiency. The design of the existing material rack is time-consuming and labor-intensive, making it difficult to provide edge sealing strips of different colors in a timely manner.

Method used

A multi-channel material rack is designed, including multiple housing chambers and corresponding discharge ports, equipped with support components and a reel roller set, which can automatically replace and reel belts, and ensure stable belt strips through induction switches and adjustment roller sets. Sex and the right direction.

Benefits of technology

It realizes timely replacement and replenishment of tape reels during operation of the edge sealing machine, improves production efficiency, simplifies the replacement process of tape reels of different colors, and reduces manual operation time.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

Smart Images

  • Figure CN222273586U_ABST
    Figure CN222273586U_ABST
Patent Text Reader

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-channel material frame. The multi-channel material frame comprises a box body, a bracket, a plurality of supporting assemblies and a plurality of wrapper roller sets. A plurality of containing cavities are formed in the box body. And a plurality of discharge holes are formed in the upper end of the bracket. The supporting assembly is arranged in the containing cavity and comprises a plurality of supporting rollers, and the multiple supporting rollers are jointly matched to support the winding tape. The wrapper roller set is rotationally connected to the box body and comprises a first wrapper roller, a second wrapper roller and a third wrapper roller, and a belt strip at one end of the winding belt is sequentially wound around the first wrapper roller, the second wrapper roller and the third wrapper roller and then penetrates through the discharging port. The multiple containing cavities can be used for containing winding belts of the same color or different colors respectively. When one of the winding tapes in the box body is used up or the winding tapes with different colors need to be replaced, the other winding tape can be connected with the edge banding machine in time through the corresponding discharging opening, it is guaranteed that the winding tapes can be supplied to the edge banding machine in time, and therefore the production efficiency is improved.
Need to check novelty before this filing date? Find Prior Art

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of edge banding machines, in particular to a multi-channel material rack. Background Art

[0002] In the process of board production, edge banding machines are usually used to perform edge banding on the boards, which can make the boards beautiful and smooth, and avoid edge collapse, pollution, water ingress, etc. at the cut edges of the boards.

[0003] When edge banding the board, the edge banding machine first applies glue to the edge banding strips or the position on the furniture that needs edge banding, and then seals the edge banding strips to the corresponding edge banding position. The edge banding machine needs to cooperate with the material rack that provides the edge banding strips. When the edge banding strips stored in the material rack are used up, it is necessary to wait for the material rack to replenish the edge banding strips. At this time, the edge banding machine needs to stop and wait, which affects the production efficiency of the board; in addition, when it is necessary to replace the edge banding strips of different colors, it is also necessary to re-load the edge banding strips of different colors into the material rack, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent. To this end, the utility model provides a multi-channel material rack.

[0005] The utility model provides a multi-channel material rack, the multi-channel material rack comprising:

[0006] A box body, with an opening upward, wherein a plurality of accommodating cavities are provided inside the box body, and the accommodating cavities are used to place the tape rolls;

[0007] A bracket is arranged at the front end of the box body, and a plurality of discharge ports are arranged at the upper end of the bracket, and the plurality of discharge ports correspond to the plurality of accommodating chambers one by one;

[0008] A plurality of support assemblies corresponding to the plurality of accommodating cavities one by one, the support assemblies being arranged in the accommodating cavities, the support assemblies comprising a plurality of support rollers, the plurality of support rollers working together to support the roll;

[0009] A plurality of auxiliary winding roller groups correspond one to one with the plurality of accommodating cavities, the auxiliary winding roller groups are rotatably connected to the box body, the auxiliary winding roller groups include a first auxiliary winding roller, a second auxiliary winding roller and a third auxiliary winding roller, the first auxiliary winding roller is arranged in front of the support component, the second auxiliary winding roller and the third auxiliary winding roller are arranged behind the support component, the third auxiliary winding roller is higher than the second auxiliary winding roller, and the strip at one end of the winding belt is sequentially wound around the first auxiliary winding roller, the second auxiliary winding roller and the third auxiliary winding roller and then passed through the discharge port.

[0010] The multi-channel material rack according to the embodiment of the utility model has at least the following technical effects: multiple accommodating chambers can respectively place tapes of the same color or different colors, and the strip of one tape is connected to the edge banding machine through the discharge port. When a tape is used up, another tape can be connected to the edge banding machine through the corresponding discharge port in time, and then the tape is replenished into the box to ensure that there are enough tapes in the box to supply the edge banding machine in time; when the edge banding machine needs tapes of other colors, the corresponding tapes can also be replaced in time through the multi-channel material rack and supplied to the edge banding machine, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the height of the lower side of the discharge port from the horizontal plane is A, the height of the upper side from the horizontal plane is B, and the height of the axis of the third auxiliary winding roller from the horizontal plane is C, satisfying: A≤C≤B.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the auxiliary-winding roller group also includes a fourth auxiliary-winding roller, which is located in front of the second auxiliary-winding roller, and the axis of the fourth auxiliary-winding roller is lower than the axis of the second auxiliary-winding roller. The fourth auxiliary-winding roller is used to support the strip between the first auxiliary-winding roller and the second auxiliary-winding roller.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the auxiliary winding roller group further includes an adjustment roller group, the adjustment roller group is located between the second auxiliary winding roller and the third auxiliary winding roller, and the adjustment roller group can limit the movement of the strip in the left and right directions.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the adjustment roller group includes a fixed plate installed on the box body, a first auxiliary roller rotatably connected to the fixed plate, a second auxiliary roller rotatably connected to the fixed plate, and a limiting assembly, the first auxiliary roller is located in front of the second auxiliary roller, the strip located at the second auxiliary winding roller and the third auxiliary winding roller are sequentially wound around the first auxiliary roller and the second auxiliary roller, and the limiting assembly cooperates with the fixed plate to limit the movement of the strip in the left and right directions.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the limiting assembly includes a fixed rod and a sliding rod, the fixed rod is fixedly connected to the fixed plate, the sliding rod is slidably connected to the fixed plate, and the sliding rod can slide relative to the fixed rod to adjust the gap between the sliding rod and the fixed plate.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the utility model, an induction switch is provided on the fixing plate, and the induction switch is used to detect whether the strip is located on the fixing plate.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the bracket includes a telescopic rod and a tray, the lower end of the telescopic rod is connected to the box body, the lower end of the telescopic rod is connected to the tray, and the tray is provided with a plurality of the discharge ports.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the box body includes a base, an inner plate, and two side plates respectively located on the left and right sides of the inner plate and symmetrically arranged; the side plates, the inner plate and the base surround the accommodating cavity, and the side plates can move in the left and right directions relative to the inner plate.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the box body also includes a front plate and a rear plate, the front plate is located in front of the rear plate, the front and rear sides of the side plates are respectively slidably connected to the front plate and the rear plate, the front and rear sides of the side plates are both provided with fixed blocks, the front plate and the rear plate are both provided with long through holes extending in the left and right directions, and the adjustable handle is simultaneously passed through the fixed block and the long through holes and can relatively fix the fixed block and the long through holes.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the following description, or will be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-channel material rack of some embodiments of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-channel material rack in some embodiments of the utility model from another angle;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the tape strip and the auxiliary winding roller group of some embodiments of the utility model.

[0025] Figure Number:

[0026] Box body 100, accommodating cavity 110, roll belt 120, belt strip 121, base 130, inner plate 140, side plate 150, front plate 160, rear plate 170, fixing block 180, long through hole 190, adjustable handle 191;

[0027] Bracket 200, discharge port 210, telescopic rod 220, tray 230;

[0028] Support assembly 300, support roller 310, horizontal surface 320;

[0029] A winding roller group 400, a first winding roller 410, a second winding roller 420, a third winding roller 430, and a fourth winding roller 440;

[0030] The roller group 500 , the first auxiliary roller 510 , the second auxiliary roller 520 , the fixing plate 530 , the limiting assembly 540 , the fixing rod 541 , the sliding rod 542 , and the induction switch 550 are adjusted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "more than" is more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood to include the number itself. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0035] The following is a further description of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figures 1 to 3The multi-channel material rack includes a box body 100, a bracket 200, a plurality of support assemblies 300 and a plurality of auxiliary winding roller groups 400. The box body 100 opens upward, and a plurality of accommodating chambers 110 are arranged inside the box body 100, and the plurality of accommodating chambers 110 are arranged at intervals along the left-right direction, and the accommodating chambers 110 can store the roll 120. The bracket 200 is arranged at the front end of the box body 100, and a plurality of discharge ports 210 are arranged at the upper end of the bracket 200, and the plurality of discharge ports 210 correspond to the plurality of accommodating chambers 110 one by one. The plurality of support assemblies 300 correspond to the plurality of accommodating chambers 110 one by one, and the support assemblies 300 are arranged in the accommodating chambers 110, and the support assemblies 300 include a plurality of support rollers 310, and the plurality of support rollers 310 cooperate to support the roll 120. Multiple auxiliary rolling roller groups 400 correspond one by one to multiple accommodating cavities 110, and the auxiliary rolling roller groups 400 are rotatably connected to the box body 100. The auxiliary rolling roller groups 400 include a first auxiliary rolling roller 410, a second auxiliary rolling roller 420 and a third auxiliary rolling roller 430. The first auxiliary rolling roller 410 is arranged in front of the support component 300, the second auxiliary rolling roller 420 and the third auxiliary rolling roller 430 are arranged behind the support component 300, and the third auxiliary rolling roller 430 is higher than the second auxiliary rolling roller 420. The strip 121 at one end of the winding belt 120 is sequentially wound around the first auxiliary rolling roller 410, the second auxiliary rolling roller 420 and the third auxiliary rolling roller 430 and then passed through the discharge port 210.

[0037] Preferably, refer to Figures 1 to 3 , multiple supporting rollers 310 are distributed in an arc direction to facilitate supporting the roll belt 120.

[0038] It is understandable that the multiple accommodating cavities 110 can respectively place the same color or different colors of the tape rolls 120, and the strip 121 of one tape roll 120 is connected to the edge banding machine through the discharge port 210. When one tape roll 120 is used up, another tape roll 120 can be connected to the edge banding machine through the corresponding discharge port 210 in time, and the tape roll 120 can be replenished into the box 100 to ensure that there are enough tape rolls 120 in the box 100 and supplied to the edge banding machine in time; when the edge banding machine needs tape rolls 120 of other colors, the corresponding tape rolls 120 can also be replaced in time through the multi-channel material rack and supplied to the edge banding machine, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 3 , the height of the lower side of the discharge port 210 from the horizontal plane 320 is A, the height of the upper side from the horizontal plane 320 is B, and the height of the axis of the third auxiliary winding roller 430 from the horizontal plane 320 is C, satisfying: A≤C≤B. It can be understood that after the strip 121 passes around the third auxiliary winding roller 430, the inclination of the strip 121 between the third auxiliary winding roller 430 and the discharge port 210 to the horizontal plane 320 is small, thereby ensuring that the strip 121 can smoothly enter the edge banding machine in a relatively straight shape.

[0040] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The auxiliary winding roller group 400 further includes a fourth auxiliary winding roller 440, which is located in front of the second auxiliary winding roller 420. The axis of the fourth auxiliary winding roller 440 is lower than the axis of the second auxiliary winding roller 420. The fourth auxiliary winding roller 440 is used to support the strip 121 between the first auxiliary winding roller 410 and the second auxiliary winding roller 420. This prevents the strip 121 from falling and affecting the rotation of the winding belt 120, and avoids the current situation of being stuck.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figures 1 to 3 The auxiliary winding roller set 400 further includes an adjustment roller set 500, which is located between the second auxiliary winding roller 420 and the third auxiliary winding roller 430. The adjustment roller set 500 can limit the movement of the belt strip 121 in the left-right direction, thereby preventing the belt strip 121 from moving in the left-right direction and thus deviating.

[0042] Preferably, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The adjustment roller set 500 includes a fixed plate 530 installed on the box body 100, a first auxiliary roller 510 rotatably connected to the fixed plate 530, a second auxiliary roller 520 rotatably connected to the fixed plate 530, and a limiting assembly 540. The first auxiliary roller 510 is located in front of the second auxiliary roller 520. The strip 121 located at the second auxiliary roller 420 and the third auxiliary roller 430 is wound around the first auxiliary roller 510 and the second auxiliary roller 520 in sequence. The limiting assembly 540 cooperates with the fixed plate 530 to limit the movement of the strip 121 in the left and right directions. The strip 121 is wound around the first auxiliary roller 510 and the second auxiliary roller 520 in sequence, which can enhance the connection stability between the strip 121 and the adjustment roller set 500 and prevent the strip 121 from falling off.

[0043] Further, see Figure 2 The limiting assembly 540 includes a fixed rod 541 and a sliding rod 542. The fixed rod 541 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 530, and the sliding rod 542 is slidably connected to the fixed plate 530. The sliding rod 542 can slide relative to the fixed rod 541 to adjust the gap between the sliding rod 542 and the fixed plate 530. It can be understood that the sliding rod 542 cooperates with the fixed plate 530 to limit the movement of the strip 121 in the left and right directions. At the same time, by adjusting the gap between the sliding rod 542 and the fixed plate 530, it can adapt to strips 121 of different thicknesses.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2The fixing plate 530 is provided with a sensor switch 550, which is used to detect whether the strip 121 is located on the fixing plate 530. When the sensor switch 550 cannot detect the strip 121, it is determined that the strip 121 is separated from the adjustment roller set 500 or the winding tape 120 is used up and needs to be replaced, thereby reminding the user.

[0045] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The bracket 200 includes a telescopic rod 220 and a tray 230. The lower end of the telescopic rod 220 is connected to the box body 100, and the lower end of the telescopic rod 220 is connected to the tray 230. The tray 230 is provided with a plurality of discharge ports 210. The telescopic rod 220 can adjust the height of the discharge port 210 by extending and retracting, thereby adjusting the height of the strip 121 after passing through the discharge port 210, so as to adapt to different use environments of the edge banding machine.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The box body 100 includes a base 130, an inner plate 140, and two side plates 150 respectively located on the left and right sides of the inner plate 140 and symmetrically arranged. The side plates 150, the inner plate 140, and the base 130 surround and form a receiving cavity 110, and the side plates 150 can move in the left and right direction relative to the inner plate 140. There are two receiving cavities 110 in this embodiment, and the side plates 150 can adjust the width of the receiving cavity 110 by moving in the left and right direction, so as to adapt to the rolls 120 of different widths.

[0047] Preferably, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The box body 100 further includes a front plate 160 and a rear plate 170. The front plate 160 is located in front of the rear plate 170. The front and rear sides of the side plate 150 are respectively slidably connected to the front plate 160 and the rear plate 170. The front and rear sides of the side plate 150 are both provided with fixing blocks 180. The front plate 160 and the rear plate 170 are both provided with long through holes 190 extending in the left-right direction. The fixing blocks 180 located at the front side of the side plate 150 correspond to the long through holes 190 of the front plate 160, and the fixing blocks 180 located at the rear side of the side plate 150 correspond to the long through holes 190 of the rear plate 170. The adjustable handle 191 is simultaneously provided through the fixing blocks 180 and the long through holes 190. By rotating the adjustable handle 191, the fixing blocks 180 can be fixed to the long through holes 190, so that the side plate 150 is relatively fixed to the front plate 160 and the rear plate 170, respectively.

[0048] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the term "some embodiments" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0049] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-channel rack, characterized in that: include: A box body (100) is opened upward, and a plurality of accommodating cavities (110) are provided inside the box body (100), and the accommodating cavities (110) are used to place the roll tape (120); A bracket (200) is arranged at the front end of the box body (100), and a plurality of discharge ports (210) are arranged at the upper end of the bracket (200), and the plurality of discharge ports (210) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of accommodating chambers (110); A plurality of support assemblies (300) corresponding one to one with the plurality of accommodating cavities (110), the support assemblies (300) being arranged in the accommodating cavities (110), the support assemblies (300) comprising a plurality of support rollers (310), the plurality of support rollers (310) working together to support the roll belt (120); A plurality of auxiliary rolling roller groups (400) correspond one to one with the plurality of accommodating chambers (110); the auxiliary rolling roller groups (400) are rotatably connected to the box body (100); the auxiliary rolling roller groups (400) include a first auxiliary rolling roller (410), a second auxiliary rolling roller (420) and a third auxiliary rolling roller (430); the first auxiliary rolling roller (410) is arranged in front of the support assembly (300); the second auxiliary rolling roller (420) and the third auxiliary rolling roller (430) are arranged behind the support assembly (300); the third auxiliary rolling roller (430) is higher than the second auxiliary rolling roller (420); the strip (121) at one end of the winding belt (120) is sequentially wound around the first auxiliary rolling roller (410), the second auxiliary rolling roller (420) and the third auxiliary rolling roller (430) and then passed through the discharge port (210).

2. The multi-channel rack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the lower side of the discharge port (210) from the horizontal plane (320) is A, the height of the upper side from the horizontal plane (320) is B, and the height of the axis of the third auxiliary winding roller (430) from the horizontal plane (320) is C, satisfying: A≤C≤B.

3. The multi-channel rack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary rolling roller group (400) further comprises a fourth auxiliary rolling roller (440), wherein the fourth auxiliary rolling roller (440) is located in front of the second auxiliary rolling roller (420), the axis of the fourth auxiliary rolling roller (440) is lower than the axis of the second auxiliary rolling roller (420), and the fourth auxiliary rolling roller (440) is used to support the strip (121) between the first auxiliary rolling roller (410) and the second auxiliary rolling roller (420).

4. The multi-channel rack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary winding roller group (400) further comprises an adjustment roller group (500), wherein the adjustment roller group (500) is located between the second auxiliary winding roller (420) and the third auxiliary winding roller (430), and the adjustment roller group (500) is capable of limiting the movement of the strip (121) in the left-right direction.

5. The multi-channel rack according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjusting roller group (500) comprises a fixed plate (530) installed on the box body (100), a first auxiliary roller (510) rotatably connected to the fixed plate (530), a second auxiliary roller (520) rotatably connected to the fixed plate (530), and a limiting component (540), wherein the first auxiliary roller (510) is located in front of the second auxiliary roller (520), and the belt strip (121) located on the second auxiliary winding roller (420) and the third auxiliary winding roller (430) is wound around the first auxiliary roller (510) and the second auxiliary roller (520) in sequence, and the limiting component (540) cooperates with the fixed plate (530) to limit the movement of the belt strip (121) in the left-right direction.

6. The multi-channel rack according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limiting assembly (540) includes a fixed rod (541) and a sliding rod (542), wherein the fixed rod (541) is fixedly connected to the fixed plate (530), and the sliding rod (542) is slidably connected to the fixed plate (530), and the sliding rod (542) can slide relative to the fixed rod (541) to adjust the gap between the sliding rod (542) and the fixed plate (530).

7. The multi-channel rack according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixing plate (530) is provided with an induction switch (550), and the induction switch (550) is used to detect whether the strip (121) is located on the fixing plate (530).

8. The multi-channel rack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bracket (200) comprises a telescopic rod (220) and a tray (230), the lower end of the telescopic rod (220) is connected to the box body (100), the lower end of the telescopic rod (220) is connected to the tray (230), and the tray (230) is provided with a plurality of discharge ports (210).

9. The multi-channel rack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body (100) includes a base (130), an inner plate (140), and two side plates (150) respectively located on the left and right sides of the inner plate (140) and symmetrically arranged; the side plates (150), the inner plate (140) and the base (130) surround and form the accommodating cavity (110), and the side plates (150) can move in the left and right directions relative to the inner plate (140).

10. The multi-channel rack according to claim 9, characterized in that: The box body (100) further comprises a front plate (160) and a rear plate (170), wherein the front plate (160) is located in front of the rear plate (170), and the front and rear sides of the side plate (150) are respectively slidably connected to the front plate (160) and the rear plate (170), and the front and rear sides of the side plate (150) are both provided with fixing blocks (180), and the front plate (160) and the rear plate (170) are both provided with long through holes (190) extending in the left-right direction, and an adjustable handle (191) is simultaneously provided in the fixing block (180) and the long through hole (190) and can relatively fix the fixing block (180) and the long through hole (190).