In-situ culture device suitable for shallow water wetland environment

Abstract

An in-situ culture device suitable for a shallow water wetland environment comprises an external tempered glass pipe, the upper portion of the tempered glass pipe is separated by a plurality of layers of functional glass fiber membranes to form different functional area chambers, a lower supporting area is inserted into soil to keep the stability of the device, and meanwhile part of the wetland surface environment is reserved to conduct in-situ culture on microorganisms; an inner communicating pipe is additionally arranged inside and connected with the outside and an internal wetland culture environment, and a water collecting opening, a gas collecting opening and a water control opening are sequentially formed in the side face from top to bottom. The device is simple in structure and flexible to assemble, experiment conditions and variable control can be freely adjusted according to research requirements, meanwhile, multiple types of samples can be efficiently and conveniently collected in the experiment process, and the device plays an important role in promoting environmental behavior characteristic research of microorganisms in an actual wetland.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of wetland environment simulation, in particular to an in-situ culture device for simulating a wetland environment. Background Art

[0002] All large water bodies on Earth, except for the ocean (water depth of more than 6 meters), are defined as wetlands. Wetlands are transitional zones between land and water, so they have both rich terrestrial and aquatic animal and plant resources, forming a natural gene pool and unique biological environment that cannot be matched by any other single ecosystem. The special soil and climate provide a complex and complete community of plants and animals, which has irreplaceable ecological value for protecting species and maintaining biodiversity. However, wetland ecosystems are more vulnerable than other ecosystems. When they are disturbed by natural or human activities, the stability of their ecosystems will be damaged to varying degrees, which will in turn affect the structure of the biological community and change the wetland ecosystem.

[0003] In order to explore the microscopic mechanism of wetland ecosystems responding to the external environment, most studies currently simulate the natural environment in indoor incubators to form a microcosm, and then explore wetland environmental changes and responses. However, indoor simulations tend to be idealized, which is significantly different from the complexity of the actual wetland environment and cannot reflect the characteristics of natural processes. In addition, a small number of studies conduct experimental explorations in situ, but are affected by many variables in the natural environment (rainfall, litter, animal behavior, etc.), resulting in greater randomness and contingency between parallel experiments, and the rigor of the research results is low. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to design an in situ culture device suitable for shallow water wetland environments to explore the characteristics of environmental processes in actual wetlands. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide an in-situ culture device that simulates a wetland environment.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0006] An in-situ culture device suitable for shallow wetland environments comprises: an external tempered glass tube, the upper part of which is separated by several layers of glass fiber membranes to form different functional compartments, a support area is arranged at the lower part to be inserted into the soil to provide support and retain part of the wetland surface environment for in-situ culture of microorganisms, a shorter tempered glass tube is arranged inside as an inner tube to connect the external environment with the in-situ culture environment of the wetland in the device, and a water sampling port, an air sampling port and a water control port are respectively arranged above and below the impermeable layer connected to the inner tube on the side.

[0007] Furthermore, an opening is provided at the top of the tempered glass tube, and a layer of glass fiber membrane is provided below the opening to form a de-impurity filter membrane and a microbial isolation membrane. The de-impurity filter membrane is utilized to remove dust, particles, and leaf impurities mixed in the falling process of external rainwater. The microbial isolation membrane is provided at the bottom of the de-impurity filter membrane to isolate bacteria, fungi, and viral microorganisms contained in the rainwater. The external rainwater is filtered layer by layer to form a rainwater collection area. Finally, an annular rain storage chamber is formed by connecting a water-impermeable layer and an inner through pipe, and an air sample chamber is formed between the water-impermeable layer and the surface water of the wetland environment at the bottom of the tempered glass tube.

[0008] Furthermore, the top of the inner tube is connected to the glass fiber membrane, the middle of the inner tube is combined with the impermeable layer, and the lower opening of the inner tube faces the surface of the wetland environment below the device.

[0009] Furthermore, the in-situ culture device is supported by a tempered glass bottom inserted into deep soil, and an in-situ interface environment where surface sediments of the wetland environment and seawater coexist is preserved above the support area.

[0010] Furthermore, the water sampling port is arranged on the side of the functional section of the annular rain storage chamber and is located above the impermeable layer, and the gas sampling port and the water control port are arranged in sequence on the side of the functional section of the gas sample chamber and are located below the impermeable layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the pore size of the glass fiber membrane is 0.22 μm.

[0012] Furthermore, the top opening of the device may or may not be sealed to control whether precipitation enters the device system.

[0013] Furthermore, the in-situ culture device is provided with 1-4, which are used to add different types of organic matter or pollutants into the internal environment of the device when conducting in-situ culture experiments in shallow water wetland environments, and continuously observe greenhouse gas emissions, microbial growth changes and sediment carbon deposition during their degradation process to evaluate the impact and mechanism of organic matter or pollutants on the wetland environment.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the experimental device of the utility model has the following advantages:

[0015] 1. The experimental device is constructed on the basis of the original soil and water environment of the wetland without destroying it, and can truly reflect the environmental process in the natural wetland. The device construction material is mainly composed of silicon dioxide, which is extremely difficult to be destroyed by environmental microorganisms or chemical erosion, has outstanding environmental stability, can ensure that the device can work stably for a long time in the field, and has obvious long-term durability.

[0016] 2. The experimental device can be used to add single or multiple complex pollutants (or organic matter) from natural or artificial sources according to the research purpose, so as to meet the natural process research of single or complex systems.

[0017] 3. The experimental device can be adjusted according to research needs to allow or prevent rainwater from entering the system, so as to explore the nature of external rainfall and the impact of rainfall on the research system.

[0018] 4. The experimental device can be used to add treatment or recover samples at any stage of the experiment according to the research design, which is fully flexible.

[0019] 5. The experimental device can collect greenhouse gases in the system at different stages, so as to better detect the changes in carbon emissions in the environmental process, and the process curve can be obtained according to the experimental needs.

[0020] 6. The upper part of the experimental device can collect external dust particles or fallen objects and other impurities, the middle part can collect rainfall, and the lower part can collect the gas released in the system, so that multi-parameter samples can be collected simultaneously, which is highly efficient.

[0021] 7. The experimental device has a water control outlet, which can avoid excessive water accumulation in the system caused by extreme rainfall, effectively maintain a relative steady state in the system, and have stability.

[0022] 8. The experimental device has a simple structure, high operational feasibility, and is suitable for the study of natural environmental processes in shallow water wetland environments. It has the portability of field experimental operations and the flexibility of free assembly.

[0023] 9. The experimental device can be adjusted or added with panels according to the characteristics of the wetland environment to meet specific scenarios, and has universal applicability to shallow water environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an in-situ culture device suitable for shallow water wetland environments.

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the in-situ decomposition experiment of organic matter under rainfall and non-rainfall modes. ①: rainfall group; ②: non-rainfall group.

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the in-situ decomposition experiment of single or composite organic matter. ①: control group; ②: single organic matter group; ③: composite organic matter group.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the experiment on the effect of different organic matter degradation on greenhouse gas emissions. ①: control group; ②: organic matter group A; ③: organic matter group B; ④: composite organic matter group.

[0028] In the figure: 1. tempered glass tube; 2. impurity removal filter membrane; 3. microbial isolation membrane; 4. impermeable layer; 5. internal pipe; 6. water sampling port; 7. air sampling port; 8. water control port;

[0029] Ⅰ. Rainwater collection area; Ⅱ. Annular rainwater storage chamber; Ⅲ. Air sample chamber; Ⅳ. Surface water; Ⅴ. Sediment; Ⅵ. Support area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The experimental device of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0031] The in-situ culture device described in the utility model is suitable for shallow water wetland environment, see attached Figure 1 , including a tempered glass tube 1, a decontamination filter membrane 2, a microbial isolation membrane 3, a watertight layer 4, an inner tube 5, a water sampling port 6, a gas sampling port 7, and a water control port 8, which are divided into rain collection area I, annular rain storage chamber II, gas sample chamber III, surface water IV, sediment V, and support area VI from top to bottom. In the utility model, the interior of the tempered glass tube 1 is separated from the watertight layer by several layers of glass fiber membranes to form different functional compartments, wherein the top opening of the tempered glass tube 1 forms a rain collection area I between the microbial isolation membrane 3, annular rain storage chamber II is formed between the microbial isolation membrane 3 and the watertight layer 4, and below the watertight layer 4 are respectively gas sample chamber III, surface water IV, sediment V, and support area VI. At the same time, the bottom of the utility model is inserted into the deep soil of the wetland as the support area VI to maintain its own stability, and the original state of the wetland environment is preserved above the support area VI, so as to realize the in-situ cultivation function of the utility model in the shallow water wetland environment and its superior effect. During the specific implementation of the present invention, the entry of external rainwater can be autonomously regulated. If permitted, the external rainwater enters the device through the top opening of the tempered glass tube 1, and removes dust, particles, leaves and other impurities mixed in the falling process through the first layer of glass fiber membrane impurity removal filter membrane 2, and then passes through the second layer of 0.22μm glass fiber membrane microbial isolation membrane 3 below to isolate and remove the microbial impurities contained therein. Finally, a part of the completely filtered rainwater enters the shallow water wetland environment at the bottom of the present invention through the inner tube 5 and then merges into the surface water IV. The remaining filtered rainwater that fails to pass through the inner tube 5 enters the annular rain storage chamber II and is collected and stored for subsequent sampling. Different types of organic matter or pollutants can be flexibly placed in the internal experimental environment of the utility model. The water sampling port 6 is arranged on the side of the functional section of the annular rain storage chamber II of the utility model and is located above the impermeable layer 4. The gas sampling port 7 and the water control port 8 are successively arranged on the side of the functional section of the gas sample chamber and are located below the impermeable layer 4. In this way, greenhouse gas emissions, microbial growth changes and sediment carbon deposition of microorganisms in the shallow water wetland environment during their in situ cultivation and degradation process can be efficiently and continuously observed, so as to effectively evaluate the impact of organic matter or pollutants on the wetland environment and microorganisms.

[0032] Example 1: Study on the effect of precipitation and non-rainfall on organic matter degradation in shallow wetland environment

[0033] In this embodiment, the single variable controlled is precipitation. Two experimental scenarios are set to allow external rainwater to enter the device system or not. The type and amount of organic matter put into the wetland environment of the experimental device are kept unchanged during the experiment. The experimental operation is carried out in the wetland environment at the same location to study the effect of precipitation on organic matter degradation in shallow wetland environment ( Figure 2 , where ①: rainfall group; ②: non-rainfall group). During the experiment of this embodiment, the top opening of the utility model is sealed with a waterproof material to prevent rainwater from entering the device, and the sealing is cancelled to allow rainwater to enter, thereby achieving the experimental demand of flexibly controlling whether precipitation enters the device system. If extreme precipitation weather conditions are encountered during the experiment, the side water control port 8 of the utility model can discharge excess water in the device, ensuring the stable progress of the experiment of this embodiment to avoid the device from tipping over due to extreme weather.

[0034] Example 2: Study on the effect of single or composite organic matter degradation in shallow wetland environment

[0035] In this example, without changing other experimental conditions, the number of organic matter types added into the wetland environment of the utility model was controlled to conduct a control experiment ( Figure 3 , where ①: control group; ②: single organic matter group; ③: composite organic matter group). During the experimental operation, a single type of organic matter can be first selected to be put into the wetland environment, and then a parallel group can be set up to observe the degradation of this type of single organic matter in the shallow water wetland environment. Later, according to actual research needs, due to the simplicity and superior effect of the operation of the utility model, multiple types of composite organic matter, such as litter, algae, fish carcasses, etc., can be added to the wetland environment inside the device on the basis of the original experiment, and the degradation of composite organic matter in the wetland environment can be continuously observed. In addition, if it is observed that the degradation of a certain organic matter has significant differences during the experimental process of composite organic matter, the number of organic matter types added can also be changed during the operation of the next experimental group, and it can be continuously observed separately. At the same time, the utility model can realize the addition and processing of materials or sample recovery according to research needs at any stage during the experiment through its own flexibility of free assembly and the water sampling port 6 and gas sampling port 7 on the side, and can also independently control the setting of the length of the experimental cycle.

[0036] Example 3: Study on the effect of organic matter degradation on greenhouse gas emissions in shallow wetland environments

[0037] Considering that the amount and type of gases emitted during the degradation of different organic matter in the wetland environment and during the degradation of the same organic matter at different stages may be different, this example further conducts experimental operations based on Example 2 to study the effect of organic matter degradation on greenhouse gas emissions in shallow water wetland environments ( Figure 4, wherein ①: control group; ②: organic matter group A; ③: organic matter group B; ④: composite organic matter group). During the experiment of this embodiment, the organic matter input situation of embodiment 2 is referred to, and the entry of external precipitation is controlled according to the research needs. The gas in different degradation processes in the device can be collected through the gas sampling port 7 on the side of the device to monitor the changes in greenhouse gas emissions generated at different stages. Experimental records are kept to obtain the process curve change diagram to provide a data analysis basis for experimental research. During the experiment, external dust particles or litter and other impurity solid samples can also be collected through the glass fiber membrane above the utility model, and the annular rain collection chamber II outside the inner tube 5 can collect liquid samples of precipitation at different stages of the experiment after filtration through the side water sampling port 6. The above-mentioned three-state multi-parameter samples of solid, liquid and gas can be efficiently collected in the same time period using the utility model, reducing the differences in experimental data caused by different collection times.

[0038] It should be further explained that the above embodiments are not limitations on the structure of the present utility model. Any obvious changes or improvements to the structure that belong to the technical concept of the present utility model should fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An in-situ culture device suitable for shallow wetland environment, characterized in that: include: The outer tempered glass tube has several layers of glass fiber membranes separating the upper part to form different functional compartments. The lower part is provided with a support area inserted into the soil to provide support and retain part of the wetland surface environment for in-situ cultivation of microorganisms. A shorter tempered glass tube is provided inside as an inner through pipe to connect the external environment with the in-situ culture environment of the wetland in the device. On the side, water sampling ports, air sampling ports and water control ports are provided above and below the impermeable layer connected to the inner through pipe.

2. The in-situ culture device suitable for shallow wetland environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An opening is provided at the top of the tempered glass tube, and a layer of glass fiber membrane is arranged below the opening to form a de-impurity filter membrane and a microbial isolation membrane. The de-impurity filter membrane is utilized to remove dust, particles, and leaf impurities mixed in the falling process of external rainwater. The microbial isolation membrane is arranged at the bottom of the de-impurity filter membrane to isolate bacteria, fungi, and viral microorganisms contained in the rainwater. The external rainwater is filtered layer by layer to form a rainwater collection area. Finally, an annular rain storage chamber is formed by connecting a water-impermeable layer and an inner through pipe, and an air sample chamber is formed between the water-impermeable layer and the surface water of the wetland environment at the bottom of the tempered glass tube.

3. The in-situ culture device suitable for shallow wetland environment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The top of the inner tube is connected to the glass fiber membrane, the middle of the inner tube is combined with the impermeable layer, and the lower opening of the inner tube faces the surface of the wetland environment below the device.

4. The in-situ culture device suitable for shallow wetland environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The in-situ culture device is supported by a tempered glass bottom inserted into deep soil, and the in-situ interface environment where surface sediments of the wetland environment and seawater coexist is preserved above the support area.

5. The in-situ culture device suitable for shallow wetland environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water sampling port is arranged on the side of the functional section of the annular rain storage chamber and is located above the impermeable layer. The air sampling port and the water control port are arranged in sequence on the side of the functional section of the air sample chamber and are located below the impermeable layer.

6. The in-situ culture device suitable for shallow water wetland environment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The pore size of the glass fiber membrane is 0.22 μm.

7. The in-situ culture device suitable for shallow wetland environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top opening of the tempered glass tube may or may not be sealed to control whether precipitation enters the device system.

8. The in-situ culture device suitable for shallow wetland environment according to claim 1 is characterized by: The in-situ culture device is provided with 1-4, and is used for in-situ culture experiments in shallow water wetland environments. Different types of organic matter or pollutants are added to the internal environment of the device, and greenhouse gas emissions, microbial growth changes and sediment carbon deposition during the degradation process are continuously observed to evaluate the impact and mechanism of organic matter or pollutants on the wetland environment.

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