Electric spindle

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electric spindle which comprises a mandrel, a shell, a motor, a broach mechanism and a tool beating cylinder. The motor drives the mandrel to rotate relative to the shell; the broach mechanism comprises a pull rod which is coaxially arranged in the mandrel, an unclamping cylinder mounting cavity is formed in the tail end of the mandrel, and an unclamping cylinder is mounted in the unclamping cylinder mounting cavity; an inner hole along the axis of the unclamping cylinder is formed in the unclamping cylinder, a tool action detector is arranged in the inner hole and comprises a sensor and a detection ring, the sensor is fixedly arranged in the inner hole, the pull rod drives the detection ring to synchronously move in the axis direction of the inner hole, and the sensor is used for detecting the position of the detection ring. According to the utility model, the sensor and the detection ring are arranged to realize tool action detection, and the sensor and the detection ring are integrated in the inner hole of the unclamping cylinder, so that the sensor and the detection ring are arranged along the radial direction of the unclamping cylinder, and an existing structure that an unclamping disc and the unclamping cylinder are sequentially arranged along the axial direction is replaced; the axial length of the motorized spindle can be reduced, and the occupied space of the motorized spindle is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of numerical control machining, in particular to an electric spindle. Background Art

[0002] The electric spindle is the core component of high-speed machining machine tools, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the working principle of the tool release and pulling device in the electric spindle is as follows: the tool-breaking cylinder provides the power required for tool-breaking, and the disc spring provides the pulling force required for tool-pulling. When the tool is broken, the piston 11 of the tool-breaking cylinder moves forward, thereby pushing the pull rod forward to achieve the tool-breaking action. When the tool is pulled, the piston 11 moves backward, and the pull rod moves backward under the elastic force of the disc spring, thereby achieving the tool-pulling action.

[0003] In order to realize tool motion detection, the existing electric spindle needs to be provided with a cutting disc 6 that moves synchronously with the pull rod, and a photoelectric sensor 7 is provided outside the circumference of the cutting disc 6 to detect the axial position of the cutting disc 6. The existing cutting disc 6 and the cutting cylinder are sequentially installed at the rear end of the electric spindle along the axial direction, resulting in a long axial length of the electric spindle and occupying a large space of the machine tool. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model provides an electric spindle to solve the technical problem that the axial length of the electric spindle is long.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the utility model is:

[0006] An electric spindle comprises: a core shaft, a shell, a motor, a broaching mechanism and a cutting cylinder; the motor drives the core shaft to rotate relative to the shell; the broaching mechanism comprises a pull rod coaxially arranged in the core shaft, a cutting cylinder mounting cavity is provided at the tail end of the core shaft, and the cutting cylinder is installed in the cutting cylinder mounting cavity; the cutting cylinder is provided with an inner hole along its axis, a tool motion detector is provided in the inner hole, the tool motion detector comprises a sensor and a detection ring, the sensor is fixed in the inner hole, the pull rod drives the detection ring to move synchronously along the axis direction of the inner hole, and the sensor is used to detect the position of the detection ring.

[0007] Furthermore, the knife-beating cylinder includes a cylinder body, a piston and a piston rod; the inner hole is opened along the axis of the cylinder body, and a first annular cavity coaxial with the cylinder body is provided in the cylinder body; the piston is arranged in the first annular cavity and can move along the axis of the cylinder body; one end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the piston, and the other end passes through the first annular cavity; the piston rod is used to push the pull rod; the piston divides the first annular cavity into a reset cavity and a knife-beating cavity, and the piston rod passes through the reset cavity; a reset channel and a knife-beating channel are opened in the cylinder body, the reset channel is connected to the reset cavity, and the knife-beating channel is connected to the knife-beating cavity.

[0008] Furthermore, the cylinder body includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve, the inner hole is opened along the axis of the inner sleeve, the outer sleeve is arranged and fixed on the outer side of the inner sleeve, and a first annular cavity is formed between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve; the reset channel and the knife-beating channel are opened in the inner sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the piston rod is equal to the inner diameter of the piston, the outer diameter of the piston rod is smaller than the outer diameter of the piston, the piston, the piston rod and the outer sleeve form a reset chamber, and the piston, the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve form a cutting chamber; a second annular chamber is provided between the inner wall of the piston and piston rod assembly and the outer wall of the inner sleeve, the second annular chamber is connected to the reset chamber through a through hole opened on the piston rod, and the reset channel is connected to the second annular chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, the cylinder body also includes a step seat and a joint seat. The step seat is coaxially fixed on the end face of the inner sleeve away from the piston rod. The step seat and the inner sleeve form a fifth step surface, and the end face of the outer sleeve abuts the fifth step surface; the joint seat is coaxially and detachably fixed on the end face of the step seat away from the inner sleeve; the step seat is provided with a first channel and a second channel, and the joint seat is provided with a third channel and a fourth channel, the reset channel, the first channel and the third channel are connected in sequence, and the knife-beating channel, the second channel and the fourth channel are connected in sequence.

[0011] Furthermore, a rotary joint installation cavity is opened in the combination of the inner sleeve, the step seat and the joint seat, and a first opening and a second opening are provided at both ends of the rotary joint installation cavity. The first opening is connected to the inner hole, and a rear cover is detachably connected to the joint seat, and the rear cover blocks the second opening. The rotary joint installation cavity is used to install the rotary joint.

[0012] Furthermore, the electric spindle is also equipped with an air-sealed rotary joint, which includes a dynamic sealing component and a static sealing component arranged relatively to each other, and the dynamic sealing component includes: a slewing support assembly, a rotor and a rotary joint labyrinth seal; the slewing support assembly supports the rotation of the rotor, and the rotary joint labyrinth seal is arranged on the side of the slewing support assembly facing the static sealing component. The rotary joint labyrinth seal includes a fixed ring and a dynamic ring, and a rotary joint labyrinth flow channel is formed between the fixed ring and the dynamic ring. A fixed ring air vent is opened on the fixed ring, and one end of the fixed ring air vent is connected to the rotary joint labyrinth flow channel, and the other end is connected to an air-sealed air path.

[0013] Furthermore, the sensor and the detection ring form an inductive displacement sensor; the sensor is provided with a central hole, the axis of the central hole is parallel to or coincides with the axis of the inner hole, and the detection ring is arranged in the central hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the sensor and the detection ring form an eddy current displacement sensor; the detection ring is located at one end of the sensor, and the end face of the detection ring corresponds to the end face of the sensor.

[0015] Furthermore, the electric spindle is also provided with a rotary air curtain sealing structure, which includes: a rotary air curtain sealing flow channel provided on the core shaft, a rotary air curtain air inlet path provided on the pull rod, and an electric spindle labyrinth seal provided at one end of the shell away from the installation cavity of the cutting cylinder; the electric spindle labyrinth seal includes a front locking nut and a front end cover, the front locking nut rotates synchronously with the core shaft, the front end cover is fixed to the end of the shell, an electric spindle labyrinth flow channel is formed between the front locking nut and the front end cover, a rotary air curtain vent hole is provided on the front locking nut, one end of the rotary air curtain vent hole is connected to the electric spindle labyrinth flow channel, and the other end is connected to the rotary air curtain sealing flow channel; the rotary air curtain air inlet path is connected to the installation cavity of the cutting cylinder, and cold air is introduced into the installation cavity of the cutting cylinder; when the electric spindle is pulling the knife, the rotary air curtain sealing flow channel is connected to the rotary air curtain air inlet path.

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] The electric spindle disclosed in the present application realizes tool movement detection by providing a sensor and a detection ring, and integrates the sensor and the detection ring in the inner hole of the cutting cylinder, so that the sensor and the detection ring are arranged radially with the cutting cylinder, replacing the existing structure in which the cutting disc and the cutting cylinder are installed in sequence along the axial direction, which can reduce the axial length of the electric spindle and reduce the space occupied by the electric spindle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 A comparison diagram of the structure of an electric spindle disclosed in the utility model and the structure of an existing electric spindle;

[0020] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an electric spindle disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the tail of an electric spindle disclosed in Example 1 of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of middle Ⅰ;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric spindle cutting cylinder disclosed in Example 2 of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric spindle cutting cylinder disclosed in Example 3 of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a rotary joint of an electric spindle disclosed in Example 7 of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of middle Ⅱ;

[0027] Fig. 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary joint of an electric spindle disclosed in Example 7 of the utility model;

[0028] Fig.10 This is a schematic structural diagram of an electric spindle core shaft disclosed in Example 9 of the utility model;

[0029] Fig.11 A cross-sectional view of an electric spindle core shaft disclosed in Example 9 of the utility model;

[0030] Fig.12 A sectional view of the front portion of an electric spindle disclosed in Example 9 of the utility model;

[0031] Fig.13 for Fig.12 A partial enlarged view of middle III;

[0032] Fig.14 This is a schematic structural diagram of an electric spindle core shaft disclosed in Example 10 of the utility model;

[0033] Fig.15 for Fig.12 A partial enlarged view of middle Ⅳ;

[0034] Fig.16 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of an electric spindle core shaft and a motor rotor disclosed in Example 11 of the utility model;

[0035] Fig.17 This is a sectional view of the front portion of an electric spindle disclosed in Example 11 of the utility model.

[0036] 11. Piston; 111. Inner hole; 112. Reset channel; 113. Knife-beating channel; 12. Piston rod; 121. Through hole; 13. Reset chamber; 14. Knife-beating chamber; 151. Inner sleeve; 1511. Front section of inner sleeve; 1512. Middle section of inner sleeve; 1513. Rear section of inner sleeve; 1514. Small diameter section of inner sleeve; 1515. Large diameter section of inner sleeve; 152. Outer sleeve; 1521. Front section of outer sleeve; 1522. Rear section of outer sleeve; 16. Second annular chamber; 17. Step seat; 18. Joint seat; 181. Back cover; 182. Sixth step surface; 183. Cold runner in the first tool; 184. Cold runner in the second tool; 185. Leakage hole; 186. Third channel; 187. Fourth channel; 19. Rotary joint installation chamber;

[0037] 21. sensor; 211. center hole; 22. detection ring; 23. fixed ring; 231. small diameter section of fixed ring; 232. middle diameter section of fixed ring; 233. large diameter section of fixed ring; 2331. annular boss; 234. air inlet groove of fixed ring; 24. moving ring; 241. small diameter section of moving ring; 242. middle diameter section of moving ring; 243. large diameter section of moving ring; 244. air-sealed annular cavity; 25. vent hole of fixed ring; 26. air-sealed gas path; 261. blind hole of air-sealed gas path; 262. axial section of air-sealed gas path; 263. axial section of air-sealed gas path; 27. stator; 271. rolling bearing; 272. inner ring spacer; 273. outer ring spacer; 28. rotor; 281. rotating hollow shaft; 2811. positioning step; 282. hollow sleeve;

[0038] 31. Rotating air curtain sealing flow channel; 32. Rotating air curtain air inlet path; 321. Axial rotating air curtain air inlet path; 322. Radial rotating air curtain air inlet path; 33. Electric spindle labyrinth seal; 331. Front locking nut; 332. Front end cover; 333. Rotating air curtain vent; 34. Purge flow channel; 35. Purge hole; 36. Purge air inlet path; 361. Axial purge air inlet path; 362. Radial purge air inlet path;

[0039] 41. Pull rod; 42. Mandrel; 421. Front bearing; 422. Rear bearing; 423. Rear locking nut; 424. Encoder; 425. Taper hole; 426. Rotating air curtain spiral groove; 427. First air hole; 428. Purge spiral groove; 429. Second air hole; 43. Housing; 44. Knife-beating cylinder installation cavity; 451. Motor rotor; 452. Motor stator; 46. Pull rod connecting rod;

[0040] 5. Disc spring; 6. Knife disc; 7. Photoelectric sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the utility model clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] An electric spindle, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 1is a comparison diagram of the structure of the electric spindle of this embodiment and the structure of the existing electric spindle, Figure 1 The upper part is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present embodiment, and the lower part is a schematic diagram of the structure of the existing electric spindle. The electric spindle of the present embodiment includes: a spindle 42, a housing 43, a motor, a broaching mechanism and a knife-beating cylinder; the motor drives the spindle 42 to rotate relative to the housing 43; the broaching mechanism includes a pull rod 41 coaxially arranged in the spindle 42, and a knife-beating cylinder installation cavity 44 is provided at the tail end of the spindle 42, and the knife-beating cylinder is installed in the knife-beating cylinder installation cavity 44; the knife-beating cylinder is provided with an inner hole 111 along its axis, and a tool motion detector is provided in the inner hole 111, and the tool motion detector includes a sensor 21 and a detection ring 22, the sensor 21 is fixed in the inner hole 111, and the pull rod 41 drives the detection ring 22 to move synchronously along the axis direction of the inner hole 111, and the sensor 21 is used to detect the position of the detection ring 22. The electric spindle detects the tool movement by setting a sensor 21 and a detection ring 22, and integrates the sensor 21 and the detection ring 22 in the inner hole 111 of the cutting cylinder, so that the sensor 21 and the detection ring 22 are arranged radially with the cutting cylinder, replacing the existing structure in which the cutting disc 6 and the cutting cylinder are installed in sequence along the axial direction, which can reduce the axial length of the electric spindle and reduce the space occupied by the electric spindle. After the axial length of the electric spindle is reduced, the processing space of the machine tool can be increased; and when the mass of the tail end of the electric spindle is reduced, the rotational inertia of the swing head is reduced, and the acceleration dynamic characteristics are optimized.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] The tool motion detector of this embodiment is a specific implementation form of the tool motion detector in Embodiment 1.

[0046] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The upper part is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tool-beating cylinder when the electric spindle is in the tool-pulling state, and the lower part is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tool-beating cylinder when the electric spindle is in the tool-beating state. The sensor 21 and the detection ring 22 form an inductive displacement sensor; the sensor 21 is provided with a center hole 211, the axis of the center hole 211 is parallel to or coincides with the axis of the inner hole 111, and the detection ring 22 is arranged in the center hole 211 and moves along the axis direction of the center hole 211. The detection ring 22 is connected to the pull rod 41, and the detection ring 22 moves synchronously with the pull rod 41. The sensor 21 detects the position of the detection ring 22 to realize the detection of the tool movement.

[0047] Specifically, the sensor 21 is a cylindrical structure, the inner hole 111 is a stepped hole and is coaxially arranged with the inner hole 111, the step of the inner hole 111 is used to position the sensor 21, and the sensor 21 can be fixed in the inner hole 111 by fixing adhesive. A tie rod connecting rod 46 is fixed at the end of the tie rod 41, and the detection ring 22 is sleeved on the tie rod connecting rod 46. The detection ring 22 can be fixed on the tie rod connecting rod 46 by fixing adhesive. When the electric spindle is broaching or beating, the tie rod 41 drives the tie rod connecting rod 46 and the detection ring 22 to move synchronously. The sensor 21 includes a primary coil and a secondary coil arranged at both ends of the primary coil, and the detection ring 22 is made of iron; a stable sinusoidal wave excitation signal is input into the primary coil, and the movement of the detection ring 22 causes the mutual inductance between the primary coil and the secondary coil to change, and the secondary coil outputs a sinusoidal wave signal whose amplitude changes with the movement of the detection ring 22; the amplitude of the sinusoidal wave signal output by the secondary coil is collected and processed to obtain the moving distance of the detection ring 22 and the moving distance of the pull rod 41, thereby realizing tool movement detection.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] The difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment lies in the arrangement and detection method of the sensor 21 and the detection ring 22 of the tool motion detector.

[0050] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 The upper part is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tool-beating cylinder when the electric spindle is in the state of tool pulling, and the lower part is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tool-beating cylinder when the electric spindle is in the state of tool beating. The sensor 21 and the detection ring 22 form an eddy current displacement sensor; the detection ring 22 is located at one end of the sensor 21, and the end face of the detection ring 22 corresponds to the end face of the sensor 21. When the electric spindle is pulling or beating, the pull rod 41 drives the pull rod connecting rod 46 and the detection ring 22 to move synchronously, and the sensor 21 detects the distance between its end face and the end face of the detection ring 22, and then calculates the moving distance of the detection ring 22 and the moving distance of the pull rod 41, thereby realizing the tool movement detection.

[0051] Specifically, the sensor 21 is provided with a probe coil, and a high-frequency oscillating current is passed through the probe coil to generate an alternating first magnetic field. The detection ring 22 is made of metal, and a vortex-shaped induced current, i.e., an eddy current, is generated on the surface of the detection ring 22 during its movement; at the same time, the eddy current also generates an alternating second magnetic field in the opposite direction. Due to the reaction of the second magnetic field, the amplitude and phase of the high-frequency oscillating current of the probe coil are changed, and the voltage or current change is converted into a distance change between the probe coil and the detection ring 22 through the processing of the electronic circuit, and then the moving distance of the pull rod 41 is calculated to realize the tool action detection.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] The knife beating cylinder of this embodiment is a specific implementation structure of the knife beating cylinder in Embodiment 1. The tool motion detector in this embodiment can adopt the tool motion detector in Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3.

[0054] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the knife-beating cylinder includes a cylinder body, a piston 11 and a piston rod 12; an inner hole 111 is opened along the axis of the cylinder body, and a first annular cavity coaxial with the cylinder body is provided in the cylinder body; the piston 11 is arranged in the first annular cavity and can move along the axis of the cylinder body; one end of the piston rod 12 is fixedly connected to the piston 11, and the other end passes through the first annular cavity, the piston 11 and the piston rod 12 are integrally processed and formed, and the piston rod 12 is used to push the pull rod 41. The piston 11 divides the first annular cavity into a reset cavity 13 and a knife-beating cavity 14, and the piston rod 12 passes through the reset cavity 13; a reset channel 112 and a knife-beating channel 113 are opened in the cylinder body, the reset channel 112 is connected to the reset cavity 13, and the knife-beating channel 113 is connected to the knife-beating cavity 14.

[0055] A control medium is injected into the knife-beating chamber 14 through the knife-beating passage 113. The control medium can be in the form of gas or liquid. The control medium pushes the piston 11. The control medium in the reset chamber 13 is discharged through the reset passage 112. The piston 11 drives the piston rod 12 to move and extend forward. The piston rod 12 can act on the pull rod 41 to push the pull rod 41 forward to achieve the knife-beating action. A control medium is injected into the reset chamber 13 through the reset passage 112. The control medium pushes the piston 11. The control medium in the knife-beating chamber 14 is discharged through the knife-beating passage 113. The piston 11 drives the piston rod 12 to move and return to its position backward. The pull rod 41 moves backward under the elastic force of the disc spring 5 to achieve the knife-beating action.

[0056] Preferably, the cylinder body includes an inner sleeve 151 and an outer sleeve 152, the inner hole 111 is opened along the axis of the inner sleeve 151, the outer sleeve 152 is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the inner sleeve 151, and a first annular cavity is formed between the inner sleeve 151 and the outer sleeve 152. Dividing the cylinder body into the inner sleeve 151 and the outer sleeve 152 can facilitate the processing and assembly of parts. The thickness of the inner sleeve 151 is thicker than that of the outer sleeve 152, and the reset channel 112 and the knife-beating channel 113 are opened in the inner sleeve 151, which facilitates the processing of the reset channel 112 and the knife-beating channel 113. If the reset channel 112 and the knife-beating channel 113 are opened in the outer sleeve 152, the thickness of the outer sleeve 152 will increase, resulting in a larger outer diameter of the outer sleeve 152, thereby affecting the cooperation between the knife-beating cylinder and the electric spindle.

[0057] Specifically, the inner diameter of the piston rod 12 is larger than the inner diameter of the piston 11, and the piston 11, the piston rod 12 and the inner sleeve 151 form a reset chamber 13, that is, the inner wall of the piston rod 12, the outer wall of the inner sleeve 151 and the end face of the piston 11 form the reset chamber 13. The piston 11, the inner sleeve 151 and the outer sleeve 152 form a knife-beating chamber 14, that is, the end face of the piston 11 away from the piston rod 12, the outer wall of the inner sleeve 151 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve 152 form the knife-beating chamber 14. The outer wall of the inner sleeve 151 directly serves as a part of the reset chamber 13 and the knife-beating chamber 14, so that the reset channel 112 and the knife-beating channel 113 are connected to the reset chamber 13 and the knife-beating chamber 14 respectively.

[0058] Specifically, the inner sleeve 151 is a hollow stepped shaft, and the inner sleeve 151 includes, in sequence along the reset direction of the piston 11: an inner sleeve front section 1511, an inner sleeve middle section 1512 and an inner sleeve rear section 1513. The outer diameter of the inner sleeve front section 1511 is greater than the outer diameter of the inner sleeve middle section 1512, and the outer diameter of the inner sleeve rear section 1513 is greater than the outer diameter of the inner sleeve front section 1511. The inner sleeve front section 1511 and the inner sleeve middle section 1512 cooperate to form a first step surface, and the inner sleeve middle section 1512 and the inner sleeve rear section 1513 cooperate to form a second step surface. The piston 11 is sleeved on the inner sleeve middle section 1512 and is located between the first step surface and the second step surface. The first step surface and the second step surface limit the piston 11.

[0059] The outer sleeve 152 is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends, and an outer thread is provided on the inner sleeve rear section 1513. The inner sleeve 151 and the outer sleeve 152 are tightened and fixed by the threaded structure. When the electric spindle is used for cutting, the piston rod 12 is driven by the piston 11 to extend from between the inner sleeve front section 1511 and the outer sleeve 152, and the end of the piston rod 12 abuts against the end surface of the pull rod 41. The piston rod 12 pushes the pull rod 41 to move forward to overcome the elastic force of the disc spring 5 to achieve cutting. Sealing rings are provided between the inner sleeve front section 1511 and the piston rod 12, between the piston rod 12 and the outer sleeve 152, between the inner sleeve middle section 1512 and the piston 11, between the piston 11 and the outer sleeve 152, and between the inner sleeve rear section 1513 and the outer sleeve 152 for sealing. At this time, the reset chamber 13 is specifically surrounded by the first step surface, the outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve middle section 1512, the inner wall of the piston rod 12 and the end surface of the piston 11; the knife chamber 14 is specifically surrounded by the end surface of the piston 11 away from the piston rod 12, the outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve middle section 1512, the second step surface and the inner wall of the outer sleeve 152.

[0060] Specifically, the inner sleeve front section 1511 and the inner sleeve middle section 1512 are detachably connected through a threaded structure, which facilitates the installation of the combination of the piston 11 and the piston rod 12, and avoids the obstruction of the combination of the piston 11 and the piston rod 12 being installed on the inner sleeve 151 due to the outer diameter of the inner sleeve front section 1511 being larger than the outer diameter of the inner sleeve middle section 1512. A sealing structure is designed at the connection between the inner sleeve front section 1511 and the inner sleeve middle section 1512 to ensure the sealing of the connection between the inner sleeve front section 1511 and the inner sleeve middle section 1512.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 lies in the position of the reset chamber 13. The reset chamber 13 of embodiment 4 is located on the inner side of the piston rod 12, while the reset chamber 13 of this embodiment is located on the outer side of the piston rod 12. The shapes of the corresponding inner sleeve 151 and outer sleeve 152 also change with the position of the reset chamber 13.

[0063] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the inner diameter of the piston rod 12 is equal to the inner diameter of the piston 11, and the outer diameter of the piston rod 12 is smaller than the outer diameter of the piston 11. The piston 11, the piston rod 12 and the outer sleeve 152 form a reset chamber 13, that is, the reset chamber 13 is located outside the piston rod 12, and the piston 11, the inner sleeve 151 and the outer sleeve 152 form a knife-beating chamber 14. Compared with the arrangement of the piston rod 12 and the piston 11 in Example 4, when the size of the piston 11 is the same, the arrangement of this embodiment makes the area of ​​the pressure-bearing surface of the piston 11 located in the reset chamber 13 larger, and the reset force provided by the piston 11 is greater. A second annular chamber 16 is provided between the inner wall of the piston 11 and piston rod 12 assembly and the outer wall of the inner sleeve 151. The second annular chamber 16 is connected to the reset chamber 13 through the through hole 121 provided on the piston rod 12, and the reset channel 112 is connected to the second annular chamber 16, so that the reset channel 112 is connected to the reset chamber 13 outside the piston rod 12.

[0064] Specifically, an annular groove is provided on the inner wall of the piston 11 and piston rod 12 assembly, and the annular groove is coaxially arranged with the inner sleeve 151. The annular groove always has a common contact surface with the channel opening of the reset channel 112 during the movement of the piston 11, and the annular groove and the outer wall of the inner sleeve 151 form a second annular cavity 16. The provision of the annular groove ensures that when the piston 11 is at two extreme positions, the channel opening of the reset channel 112 remains in communication with the second annular cavity 16, thereby realizing that the reset channel 112 is always in communication with the reset cavity 13.

[0065] Specifically, the inner sleeve 151 is a hollow stepped shaft, and the inner sleeve 151 includes an inner sleeve small diameter section 1514 and an inner sleeve large diameter section 1515 in sequence along the reset direction of the piston 11, and the inner sleeve small diameter section 1514 and the inner sleeve large diameter section 1515 cooperate to form a third step surface. The outer sleeve 152 is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends, and the outer sleeve 152 includes an outer sleeve front section 1521 and an outer sleeve rear section 1522 in sequence along the reset direction of the piston 11, and the aperture of the outer sleeve front section 1521 is smaller than the aperture of the outer sleeve rear section 1522, and the outer sleeve front section 1521 and the outer sleeve rear section 1522 cooperate to form a fourth step surface, and the piston 11 is sleeved on the inner sleeve small diameter section 1514 and is located between the third step surface and the fourth step surface, and the third step surface and the fourth step surface limit the piston 11. The outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve large diameter section 1515 is provided with an external thread, and the inner wall of the outer sleeve rear section 1522 is provided with an internal thread. The inner sleeve 151 and the outer sleeve 152 are tightened and fixed by the threaded structure. When the electric spindle is cutting, the piston rod 12 is driven by the piston 11 to extend from between the inner sleeve small diameter section 1514 and the outer sleeve front section 1521, and the end of the piston rod 12 abuts against the end surface of the pull rod 41. The piston rod 12 pushes the pull rod 41 to overcome the elastic force of the disc spring 5 and move forward to achieve cutting.

[0066] Sealing rings are provided between the inner sleeve small diameter section 1514 and the piston rod 12, between the piston rod 12 and the outer sleeve front section 1521, between the inner sleeve small diameter section 1514 and the piston 11, between the piston 11 and the outer sleeve rear section 1522, and between the inner sleeve large diameter section 1515 and the outer sleeve rear section 1522 for sealing. At this time, the reset chamber 13 is specifically surrounded by the end face of the piston 11, the inner wall of the outer sleeve rear section 1522, the outer wall of the piston rod 12, and the fourth step surface; the knife chamber 14 is specifically surrounded by the end face of the piston 11 away from the piston rod 12, the outer wall of the inner sleeve small diameter section 1514, the third step surface, and the inner wall of the outer sleeve rear section 1522. The arrangement of the reset chamber 13 position in this embodiment enables the assembly of the piston 11 and the piston rod 12 to be directly assembled on the inner sleeve small diameter section 1514, and facilitates the processing of the inner sleeve 151, avoiding the problem in Example 4 that the inner sleeve front section 1511 hinders the assembly of the piston 11 and the piston rod 12. And it is avoided that the outer diameter and axial size of the inner sleeve front section 1511 and the inner sleeve middle section 1512 are increased due to the addition of the sealing structure.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] The specific implementation structure of the knife-beating cylinder in this embodiment can adopt the structure in Embodiment 4 or Embodiment 5, the difference being that the cylinder body of the knife-beating cylinder further includes a step seat 17 and a joint seat 18 .

[0069] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the step seat 17 is coaxially fixed on the end face of the inner sleeve 151 away from the piston rod 12, and the step seat 17 and the inner sleeve 151 are integrally processed and formed. The step seat 17 and the inner sleeve 151 form a fifth step surface, and the end face of the outer sleeve 152 abuts the fifth step surface to achieve positioning. The joint seat 18 is coaxially arranged on the end face of the step seat 17 away from the inner sleeve 151, and the joint seat 18 is detachably connected to the step seat 17 through a first fixing screw. The step seat 17 is provided with a first channel and a second channel, and the joint seat 18 is provided with a third channel 186 and a fourth channel 187. The reset channel 112, the first channel and the third channel 186 are connected in sequence to achieve the inflow and outflow of the control medium in the reset chamber 13; the knife channel 113, the second channel and the fourth channel 187 are connected in sequence to achieve the inflow and outflow of the control medium in the knife chamber 14.

[0070] Example 7

[0071] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 6 is that the electric spindle is also equipped with a rotary joint with an air seal.

[0072] Combination Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the rotary joint includes a dynamic sealing component and a static sealing component that are arranged oppositely. The dynamic sealing component includes: a rotary support assembly, a rotor 28 and a rotary joint labyrinth seal; the rotary support assembly supports the rotor 28 to rotate, and the rotary joint labyrinth seal is arranged on the side of the rotary support assembly facing the static sealing component; the rotary joint labyrinth seal includes a fixed ring 23 and a dynamic ring 24, and a rotary joint labyrinth flow channel is formed between the fixed ring 23 and the dynamic ring 24. The fixed ring 23 is provided with a fixed ring vent 25, and one end of the fixed ring vent 25 is connected to the rotary joint labyrinth flow channel, and the other end is connected to the air-sealed gas path 26. The rotary joint is provided with a rotary joint labyrinth seal on the side of the rotary support assembly facing the static sealing component, and utilizes the characteristics of resistance and flow reduction when the fluid passes through the labyrinth to prevent the cooling medium and the particles therein leaked from the static sealing component from entering the rotary support assembly. The cooling medium can be in the form of liquid or gas. The air seal is also achieved by passing cold air into the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint through the air seal air path 26, thereby preventing the leaked cooling medium and the particles therein from being sucked into the slewing support assembly due to the negative pressure generated in the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint due to rotation. The combined effect of the labyrinth seal and the air seal of the rotary joint prevents the cooling medium and the particles therein from leaking from one side of the static seal component from affecting the rotation of the rotor 28.

[0073] Specifically, an annular fixed ring air inlet groove 234 is provided on the outer periphery of the fixed ring 23, and the airtight air path 26 is connected to the fixed ring vent 25 through the fixed ring air inlet groove 234. The fixed ring air inlet groove 234 enables the airtight air path 26 to be arranged more flexibly without being connected to the opening of the fixed ring vent 25. The cold air flows into the fixed ring air inlet groove 234 after entering the airtight air path 26, and then flows into the fixed ring vent 25 in the fixed ring air inlet groove 234, and then enters the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint through the fixed ring vent 25.

[0074] Specifically, there are multiple fixed ring air vents 25 and they are evenly distributed around the axis of the fixed ring 23. The specific number can be selected according to the size of the fixed ring 23 and the fixed ring air vents 25, so that cold air can enter the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint from multiple places, ensuring that the cold air is evenly distributed in the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint.

[0075] Specifically, an air-sealed annular cavity 244 is provided in the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint, and the air-sealed annular cavity 244 is connected to the fixed ring air vent 25; along the radial direction of the rotor 28, the size of the air-sealed annular cavity 244 is larger than the size of the cut-off gap of the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint. Since the size of the cut-off gap of the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint is small, the fixed ring air vent 25 directly connected to the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint is not conducive to the inflow of cold air. The air-sealed annular cavity 244 can make the cold air easily flow in through the fixed ring air vent 25 and be evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, which is conducive to the cold air flowing into the cut-off gap of the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint, thereby better realizing the effect of air sealing.

[0076] Specifically, along the direction of the rotor 28 toward the static sealing component, the dynamic ring 24 includes: a dynamic ring small diameter section 241, a dynamic ring middle diameter section 242 and a dynamic ring large diameter section 243 in sequence, and the dynamic ring small diameter section 241, the dynamic ring middle diameter section 242 and the dynamic ring large diameter section 243 are integrally processed and formed. The fixed ring 23 includes: a fixed ring large diameter section 233, a fixed ring middle diameter section 232 and a fixed ring small diameter section 231; the fixed ring large diameter section 233 is sleeved on the movable ring small diameter section 241 and extends to the outer circumferential surface of the movable ring middle diameter section 242, the inner wall of the fixed ring large diameter section 233 cooperates with the movable ring middle diameter section 242, an annular boss 2331 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the fixed ring large diameter section 233, the fixed ring large diameter section 233, the fixed ring middle diameter section 232, the fixed ring small diameter section 231 and the annular boss 2331 are integrally formed, and the annular boss 2331 cooperates with the movable ring small diameter section 241; the annular boss 2331, the movable ring small diameter section 241, the movable ring middle diameter section 242 and the fixed ring large diameter section 233 form an airtight annular cavity 244. The fixed ring vent hole 25 is located on the fixed ring large diameter section 233 and is arranged along the radial direction of the fixed ring large diameter section 233. A part of the opening of the fixed ring vent hole 25 corresponds to the air-sealed annular cavity 244, and the other part corresponds to the moving ring middle diameter section 242, that is, the intersection surface of the air-sealed annular cavity 244 and the fixed ring vent hole 25 is smaller than the area of ​​the opening of the fixed ring vent hole 25. When the cold air flows into the air-sealed annular cavity 244 through the fixed ring vent hole 25, the flow cross-sectional area is reduced, and the flow rate of the cold air is increased, which is conducive to the cold air quickly filling the air-sealed annular cavity 244; due to the obstruction of the moving ring middle diameter section 242, the cold air will also rotate in the air-sealed annular cavity 244, so that the cold air can better enter the interception gap of the labyrinth flow channel of the rotary joint.

[0077] Specifically, a rotary joint labyrinth seal annular groove is provided on the end face of the movable ring large diameter section 243 facing the movable ring middle diameter section 242; the fixed ring middle diameter section 232 is sleeved on the movable ring middle diameter section 242, and the fixed ring small diameter section 231 is inserted into the rotary joint labyrinth seal annular groove, and the fixed ring small diameter section 231 is adapted to the rotary joint labyrinth seal annular groove to form a tortuous flow channel.

[0078] Example 8

[0079] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 7 lies in the specific installation position of the rotary joint.

[0080] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, a rotary joint installation cavity 19 is provided in the combination of the inner sleeve 151, the step seat 17 and the joint seat 18, and a first opening and a second opening are provided at both ends of the rotary joint installation cavity 19, the first opening is connected to the inner hole 111, and a rear cover 181 is detachably connected to the joint seat 18, and the rear cover 181 is fixed to the joint seat 18 by a second fixing screw and blocks the second opening, and the rotary joint installation cavity 19 is used to install the rotary joint. After opening the rear cover 181, the rotary joint can be installed in the rotary joint installation cavity 19, and installing the rear cover 181 can prevent dust from entering.

[0081] The dynamic seal component and the static seal component are installed in the rotary joint installation cavity 19. The rotary support assembly includes a fixed part and a moving part rotating relative to the fixed part. The rotor 28 is coaxially fixed with a rotary hollow shaft 281. The fixed part is fixed relative to the inner wall of the rotary joint installation cavity 19. The rotary hollow shaft 281 passes through the moving part and rotates synchronously with the moving part. When the rotary hollow shaft 281 interacts with the moving part and wears, only the rotary hollow shaft 281 needs to be replaced, which can avoid the rotor 28 from directly contacting the moving part and causing wear, and avoid consuming the rotor 28 with high cost.

[0082] Specifically, the inner wall of the joint seat 18 is provided with a sixth step surface 182, which presses the fixed ring large diameter section 233, and a hollow sleeve 282 is provided between the fixed piece and the inner wall of the rotating joint installation cavity 19, and the inner wall of the rotating joint installation cavity 19 abuts against the hollow sleeve 282, and the fixed ring large diameter section 233 and the hollow sleeve 282 press and fix the fixed piece from both ends; and the hollow sleeve 282 can prevent the fixed piece from wearing the inner wall of the rotating joint installation cavity 19, and avoid replacing the inner sleeve 151 and the step seat 17 due to wear. A positioning step 2811 is fixed on the rotating hollow shaft 281, and the rotor 28 presses the moving ring 24, and the moving ring small diameter section 241 and the positioning step 2811 press and fix the moving piece from both ends.

[0083] Specifically, the slewing support assembly uses two rolling bearings 271, and the two rolling bearings 271 are sleeved on the slewing hollow shaft 281. The inner ring spacer 272 and the outer ring spacer 273 are arranged between the two rolling bearings 271 to achieve positioning and increase the distance, so as to enhance the supporting effect of the two rolling bearings 271 on the slewing hollow shaft 281. The hollow sleeve 282 includes a cylindrical section and an annular section, and the annular section is located at one end of the cylindrical section away from the fixed ring large diameter section 233, and the cylindrical section and the annular section are integrally processed and formed. The cylindrical section is sleeved on the outer ring of the rolling bearing 271, and the annular section and the fixed ring large diameter section 233 respectively abut the outer ring end faces of the two rolling bearings 271 from both ends, and then the fixed ring large diameter section 233 is pressed by the sixth step surface 182 to achieve the fixation of the outer rings of the two rolling bearings 271. The moving ring 24 is sleeved on the rotating hollow shaft 281, and the positioning step 2811 and the moving ring small diameter section 241 respectively abut the inner ring end faces of the two rolling bearings 271 from both ends; the rotating hollow shaft 281 is provided with an internal thread, and the rotor 28 is provided with an external thread. The rotor 28 is detachably tightened and fixed on the rotating hollow shaft 281 through a threaded connection; the moving ring 24 is provided with a seventh step surface, and the rotor 28 is provided with an eighth step surface. The eighth step surface abuts against the seventh step surface to achieve the compression of the moving ring 24, thereby achieving the fixation of the inner rings of the two rolling bearings 271.

[0084] Specifically, the static sealing component is fixed to the rear cover 181 by a third fixing screw. The static sealing component includes a stator 27 matched with the rotor 28, a stator flow channel is provided at the center of the stator 27, a first tool inner cooling flow channel 183 is provided in the joint seat 18, a second tool inner cooling flow channel 184 is provided in the rear cover 181, and the first tool inner cooling flow channel 183, the second tool inner cooling flow channel 184 and the stator flow channel are connected in sequence for conveying cooling medium. A leakage hole 185 is provided on the joint seat 18, and the leakage hole 185 is connected to the rotary joint installation cavity 19. The cooling medium leaked from one side of the static sealing component and the particles therein are discharged from the rotary joint installation cavity 19 through the leakage hole 185, so as to prevent the cooling medium from accumulating in the rotary joint installation cavity 19 and avoid the cooling medium from affecting the rolling bearing 271.

[0085] Specifically, the airtight air path 26 includes, in sequence: an airtight air path blind hole 261, an airtight air path axial section 262 and an airtight air path axial section 263; the airtight air path blind hole 261 is opened on the end surface of the joint seat 18 facing the step seat 17, the side wall of the airtight air path blind hole 261 is connected to the fixed ring air inlet groove 234, the airtight air path axial section 262 is opened by the bottom of the airtight air path blind hole 261 along the axial direction of the joint seat 18, the airtight air path axial section 263 is opened along the radial direction of the joint seat 18, one end of the airtight air path axial section 263 is connected to the airtight air path axial section 262, and the other end passes through the joint seat 18.

[0086] Specifically, the inner hole 111 is connected to the rotary joint mounting cavity 19 through the first opening, and the end of the rotating hollow shaft 281 away from the rotor 28 extends into the inner hole 111. A gap is left between the rotating hollow shaft 281 and the inner hole 111, and a gap is left between the positioning step 2811 and the first opening, so that the cooling medium entering the air-sealed annular cavity 244 can pass through the intercepting gap between the annular boss 2331 and the movable ring small diameter section 241, the rolling bearing 271 and the inner hole 111 in sequence and then enter the cutting cylinder mounting cavity 44, thereby realizing the introduction of cold air into the cutting cylinder mounting cavity 44.

[0087] Specifically, a rotor flow channel is provided in the middle of the rotor 28, and the rotor flow channel corresponds to the stator flow channel. A first central water outlet flow channel is provided in the middle of the pull rod 41, and a second central water outlet flow channel is provided in the center of the pull rod connecting rod 46. The pull rod connecting rod 46 is inserted into the rotating hollow shaft 281, so that the rotor flow channel, the first central water outlet flow channel and the second central water outlet flow channel are connected in sequence for conveying cooling medium, realizing the central water outlet function for tool cooling. The pull rod connecting rod 46 and the rotating hollow shaft 281 can be connected by splines or square columns and square holes to achieve interlocking, ensuring that the rotating hollow shaft 281 rotates synchronously with the pull rod connecting rod 46 and the pull rod connecting rod 46 can move freely along the axis, while satisfying the central water outlet function and driving the detection ring 22 to move.

[0088] Specifically, the inner sleeve 151, the outer sleeve 152 and the step seat 17 are installed in the knife-beating cylinder installation cavity 44, and the joint seat 18 extends out of the knife-beating cylinder installation cavity 44. A front bearing 421 and a rear bearing 422 are provided between the core shaft 42 and the housing 43. The front bearing 421 is sleeved on the front end of the core shaft 42, and the rear bearing 422 is sleeved on the tail end of the core shaft 42. The inner sleeve 151, the core shaft 42 and the rear bearing 422 are arranged radially, which can reduce the axial size of the electric spindle. A rear locking nut 423 is sleeved on the core shaft 42, and the rear locking nut 423 locks and fixes the inner ring of the rear bearing 422. An encoder 424 is provided at one end of the rear locking nut 423 away from the rear bearing 422, and the encoder 424 is used to measure the rotation angle of the core shaft 42. The rotary joint is integrated into the rotary joint installation cavity 19, and the rotary joint, the core shaft 42 and the encoder 424 are arranged radially, which can reduce the axial size of the electric spindle.

[0089] Example 9

[0090] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 8 is that the electric spindle is also provided with a rotating air curtain sealing structure.

[0091] Combination Figure 2 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 and Fig.13 As shown, Fig.11The upper part is a schematic diagram of the structure of the core shaft, the broaching mechanism and the knife-beating cylinder assembly when the electric spindle is in the broaching state, and the lower part is a schematic diagram of the structure of the core shaft, the broaching mechanism and the knife-beating cylinder assembly when the electric spindle is in the knife-beating state. The rotary air curtain seal structure includes: a rotary air curtain seal flow channel 31 opened on the core shaft 42, a rotary air curtain air inlet path 32 opened on the pull rod 41, and an electric spindle labyrinth seal 33 arranged at one end of the housing 43 away from the knife-beating cylinder installation cavity 44, and the electric spindle labyrinth seal 33 is located in front of the front bearing 421; the electric spindle labyrinth seal 33 includes a front locking nut 331 and a front end cover 332, the front locking nut 331 rotates synchronously with the core shaft 42, and the front end cover 332 rotates synchronously with the core shaft 42. 32 is fixed to the end of the housing 43 by a fourth fixing screw, and an electric spindle labyrinth flow channel is formed between the front locking nut 331 and the front end cover 332. A rotating air curtain vent hole 333 is provided on the front locking nut 331. One end of the rotating air curtain vent hole 333 is connected to the electric spindle labyrinth flow channel, and the other end is connected to the rotating air curtain sealing flow channel 31; the rotating air curtain air inlet path 32 is connected to the cutting cylinder installation cavity 44, and the cold air is passed into the cutting cylinder installation cavity 44 through the rotary joint. When the electric spindle is broaching, the rotating air curtain sealing flow channel 31 is connected to the rotating air curtain air inlet path 32. When the electric spindle is broached, the cold air in the knife-breaking cylinder installation cavity 44 passes through the rotary air curtain air inlet path 32, the rotary air curtain sealing channel 31 and the rotary air curtain vent 333 in turn into the electric spindle labyrinth channel, and realizes the rotary air curtain seal between the front locking nut 331 and the front end cover 332, preventing chip particles, water mist, and water vapor from entering the electric spindle and causing wear of the front bearing 421 and other parts in the housing 43. Since the rotary air curtain vent 333 is set on the rotating front locking nut 331, the cold air can sweep through the electric spindle labyrinth channel at high speed with the rotation of the rotary air curtain vent 333, avoiding the cold air from flowing out from a fixed position, and can make the cold air evenly distributed in the electric spindle labyrinth channel, ensuring the sealing effect of the rotary air curtain seal. Compared with the existing air sealing mechanism in which the flow of cold air is completely driven by the pressure of the external air source, the high-speed rotating core shaft 42 in this embodiment can also provide kinetic energy for the cold air, thereby reducing the requirements for the pressure of the external air source.

[0092] Example 10

[0093] The difference between this embodiment and the ninth embodiment is that a purge channel 34 and a purge hole 35 are further provided on the core shaft 42 for purging after knife cutting.

[0094] Combination Figure 2 , Fig.11 , Fig.14 and Fig.15As shown, the mandrel 42 also includes a tapered hole 425 that matches the conical surface of the tool handle. The mandrel 42 is also provided with a purge channel 34 and a purge hole 35. The purge channel 34 is connected to the tapered hole 425 through the purge hole 35. The pull rod 41 is also provided with a purge air inlet 36. The purge air inlet 36 is connected to the tool-breaking cylinder installation chamber 44. When the electric spindle is breaking the tool, the purge air inlet 36 is connected to the purge channel 34, and the rotary air curtain sealing channel 31 is disconnected from the rotary air curtain air inlet 32. The cold air in the tool-breaking cylinder installation chamber 44 is blown into the tapered hole 425 through the purge air inlet 36, the purge channel 34 and the purge hole 35, so as to purge the tapered surface of the tapered hole 425 and the tapered surface of the tool handle, thereby preventing chip particles, water mist and water vapor from adhering to the tapered surface of the tapered hole 425, and avoiding affecting the broaching after tool change.

[0095] Specifically, the purge hole 35 is tilted and directed toward the outside of the tapered hole 425 , so that cold air is blown toward the outside of the tapered hole 425 , blowing chip particles, water mist, water vapor, etc. out of the tapered hole 425 .

[0096] Specifically, the motor is installed between the core shaft 42 and the shell 43, and the motor includes a motor rotor 451 sleeved on the core shaft 42 and a motor stator 452 fixed in the shell 43; a rotating air curtain spiral groove 426 is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the core shaft 42, and the spiral line of the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426 is arranged around the axis of the core shaft 42; the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426 and the motor rotor 451 form a rotating air curtain spiral flow channel, and the rotating air curtain spiral flow channel is connected to the rotating air curtain sealing flow channel 31, and a first air hole 427 is provided on the core shaft 42, one end of the first air hole 427 is connected to the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426, and the other end is connected to the rotating air curtain air inlet path 32 when the electric spindle is broaching. When the electric spindle is broaching, the cold air enters the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426 through the rotating air curtain air inlet path 32 and the first air hole 427 in sequence. After flowing along the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426, the cold air exchanges heat with the mandrel 42 and the motor rotor 451, thereby cooling the mandrel 42 and the motor rotor 451. After flowing through the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426, the cold air enters the electric spindle labyrinth flow channel through the rotating air curtain sealing flow channel 31 and the rotating air curtain vent hole 333.

[0097] Specifically, a purge spiral groove 428 is also provided on the outer circumference of the core shaft 42, and the spiral lines of the purge spiral groove 428 and the spiral lines of the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426 are equidistantly distributed in the axial direction of the core shaft 42; the purge spiral groove 428 and the motor rotor 451 form a purge spiral flow channel, and the purge spiral flow channel is connected to the purge flow channel 34. A second air hole 429 is provided on the core shaft 42, and one end of the second air hole 429 is connected to the purge spiral groove 428, and the other end is connected to the purge air inlet path 36 when the electric spindle is cutting. When the electric spindle is cutting, the cold air passes through the purge air inlet path 36, the purge spiral groove 428, the purge flow channel 34 and the purge hole 35 in sequence into the tapered hole 425, and the cold air flows through the purge spiral flow channel to cool the core shaft 42 and the motor rotor 451.

[0098] Specifically, the rotary air curtain air inlet path 32 includes an axial rotary air curtain air inlet path 321 and a radial rotary air curtain air inlet path 322. The axial rotary air curtain air inlet path 321 is opened axially from the end surface of the tie rod 41 toward the tool-breaking cylinder installation cavity 44, and the radial rotary air curtain air inlet path 322 is opened radially from the outer peripheral surface of the tie rod 41 and connected to the axial rotary air curtain air inlet path 321. When the electric spindle is broaching, the first air hole 427 is aligned with and connected to the radial rotary air curtain air inlet path 322.

[0099] The purge air inlet path 36 includes an axial purge air inlet path 361 and a radial purge air inlet path 362. The axial purge air inlet path 361 is opened along the axial direction from the end surface of the tie rod 41 toward the cutting cylinder installation cavity 44, and the radial purge air inlet path 362 is opened along the radial direction from the outer peripheral surface of the tie rod 41 and connected to the axial purge air inlet path 361. When the electric spindle is cutting, the second air hole 429 is aligned with and connected to the radial purge air inlet path 362.

[0100] The first air hole 427 and the second air hole 429 are staggered along the axial direction of the core shaft 42, and the distance between the first air hole 427 and the tail end face of the core shaft 42 is smaller than the distance between the second air hole 429 and the tail end face of the core shaft 42. When the pull rod 41 moves to the broaching position, the first air hole 427 is aligned with and connected to the radial rotary air curtain air inlet path 322; when the pull rod 41 moves to the striking position, the second air hole 429 is aligned with and connected to the radial purge air inlet path 362.

[0101] Embodiment 11

[0102] The difference between this embodiment and the ninth embodiment is that a purge hole 35 is further provided on the core shaft 42 for purge after knife cutting.

[0103] Combination Figure 2 , Fig.11 , Fig.16 and Fig.17As shown, the mandrel 42 also includes a tapered hole 425 that matches the conical surface of the tool handle. The mandrel 42 is also provided with a purge hole 35. The rotary air curtain sealing flow channel 31 is connected to the tapered hole 425 through the purge hole 35; the rotary air curtain sealing flow channel 31 is always connected to the rotary air curtain air inlet path 32. The cold air in the knife-breaking cylinder installation cavity 44 enters the rotary air curtain vent 333 and the purge hole 35 through the rotary air curtain air inlet path 32 and the rotary air curtain sealing flow channel 31. When the electric spindle is broaching, the conical surface of the tool handle matches the conical surface of the tapered hole 425 to block the purge hole 35, and the cold air enters the electric spindle labyrinth flow channel through the rotary air curtain vent 333 to achieve rotary air curtain sealing. When the electric spindle is cutting, after the cone surface of the tool handle is separated from the cone surface of the cone hole 425, the purge hole 35 is opened, and part of the cold air enters the electric spindle labyrinth flow channel through the rotating air curtain vent hole 333, and the other part is blown into the cone hole 425 through the purge hole 35, thereby achieving the cold air blowing on the cone surface of the cone hole 425 and the cone surface of the tool handle, preventing chip particles, water mist, and water vapor from adhering to the cone surface of the cone hole 425, and avoiding affecting the broaching after tool change. The rotating air curtain vent hole 333 and the purge hole 35 are both connected to the rotating air curtain sealing flow channel 31, so that the electric spindle labyrinth flow channel is always ventilated, and the corresponding air supply gas path structure can be simplified, reducing the processing steps of the core shaft 42.

[0104] Specifically, the purge hole 35 is tilted and directed toward the outside of the tapered hole 425 , so that cold air is blown toward the outside of the tapered hole 425 , blowing chip particles, water mist, water vapor, etc. out of the tapered hole 425 .

[0105] Specifically, the motor is installed between the core shaft 42 and the housing 43, and the motor includes a motor rotor 451 sleeved on the core shaft 42 and a motor stator 452 fixed in the housing 43; a rotating air curtain spiral groove 426 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the core shaft 42, and the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426 and the motor rotor 451 form a rotating air curtain spiral flow channel, and the rotating air curtain spiral flow channel is connected to the rotating air curtain sealing flow channel 31. Cold air enters the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426 through the rotating air curtain air inlet path 32, and the cold air flows along the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426 and exchanges heat with the core shaft 42 and the motor rotor 451, completing the cooling of the core shaft 42 and the motor rotor 451. After the cold air flows through the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426, it enters the electric spindle labyrinth flow channel through the rotating air curtain sealing flow channel 31 and the rotating air curtain vent 333.

[0106] A first air hole 427 is provided on the core shaft 42. The first air hole 427 is a long hole. The direction of the long hole is arranged along the axial direction of the core shaft 42. One end of the first air hole 427 is connected to the rotating air curtain spiral groove 426, and the other end is connected to the rotating air curtain air inlet path 32; the rotating air curtain air inlet path 32 includes an axial rotating air curtain air inlet path 321 and a radial rotating air curtain air inlet path 322. The axial rotating air curtain air inlet path 321 is axially opened from the end face of the pull rod 41 toward the knife cylinder installation cavity 44, and the radial rotating air curtain air inlet path 322 is radially opened from the outer peripheral surface of the pull rod 41 and is connected to the axial rotating air curtain air inlet path 321. During the process of broaching and beating the electric spindle, the mouth of the radial rotating air curtain air inlet path 322 is always located in the opening of the first air hole 427, so that the cold air always passes through the axial rotating air curtain air inlet path 321 and the radial rotating air curtain air inlet path 322 into the first air hole 427, and then passes into the rotating air curtain sealing flow channel 31 through the first air hole 427 and the rotating air curtain spiral flow channel, ensuring that the rotating air curtain sealing flow channel 31 is always connected with the rotating air curtain air inlet path 32.

[0107] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model.

Claims

1. An electric spindle, characterized in that: include: A spindle (42), a housing (43), a motor, a broaching mechanism and a knife-beating cylinder; the motor drives the spindle (42) to rotate relative to the housing (43); the broaching mechanism comprises a pull rod (41) coaxially arranged in the spindle (42); a knife-beating cylinder mounting cavity (44) is provided at the rear end of the spindle (42); the knife-beating cylinder is mounted in the knife-beating cylinder mounting cavity (44); the knife-beating cylinder is provided with an inner hole (111) along its axis; a tool motion detector is provided in the inner hole (111); the tool motion detector comprises a sensor (21) and a detection ring (22); the sensor (21) is fixed in the inner hole (111); the pull rod (41) drives the detection ring (22) to move synchronously along the axial direction of the inner hole (111); the sensor (21) is used to detect the position of the detection ring (22).

2. The electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The knife-beating cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a piston (11) and a piston rod (12); the inner hole (111) is opened along the axis of the cylinder body, and a first annular cavity coaxial with the cylinder body is provided in the cylinder body; the piston (11) is arranged in the first annular cavity and can move along the axis of the cylinder body; one end of the piston rod (12) is fixedly connected to the piston (11), and the other end passes through the first annular cavity; The piston rod (12) is used to push the pull rod (41); The piston (11) divides the first annular cavity into a reset cavity (13) and a knife-beating cavity (14), and the piston rod (12) passes through the reset cavity (13); a reset channel (112) and a knife-beating channel (113) are provided in the cylinder body, and the reset channel (112) is connected to the reset cavity (13), and the knife-beating channel (113) is connected to the knife-beating cavity (14).

3. An electric spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cylinder body comprises an inner sleeve (151) and an outer sleeve (152); the inner hole (111) is opened along the axis of the inner sleeve (151); the outer sleeve (152) is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the inner sleeve (151); a first annular cavity is formed between the inner sleeve (151) and the outer sleeve (152); and the reset channel (112) and the knife-beating channel (113) are opened in the inner sleeve (151).

4. The electric spindle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the piston rod (12) is equal to the inner diameter of the piston (11), and the outer diameter of the piston rod (12) is smaller than the outer diameter of the piston (11); the piston (11), the piston rod (12) and the outer sleeve (152) form the reset chamber (13); and the piston (11), the inner sleeve (151) and the outer sleeve (152) form the knife-beating chamber (14); A second annular cavity (16) is provided between the inner wall of the piston (11) and the piston rod (12) combination and the outer wall of the inner sleeve (151); the second annular cavity (16) is connected to the reset cavity (13) via a through hole (121) provided on the piston rod (12); and the reset channel (112) is connected to the second annular cavity (16).

5. The electric spindle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cylinder body further comprises a step seat (17) and a joint seat (18); the step seat (17) is coaxially fixed to the end surface of the inner sleeve (151) away from the piston rod (12); the step seat (17) and the inner sleeve (151) form a fifth step surface; the end surface of the outer sleeve (152) abuts against the fifth step surface; The joint seat (18) is coaxially and detachably fixed to the end surface of the step seat (17) away from the inner sleeve (151); a first channel and a second channel are opened in the step seat (17), and a third channel (186) and a fourth channel (187) are opened in the joint seat (18); the reset channel (112), the first channel and the third channel (186) are connected in sequence, and the knife-beating channel (113), the second channel and the fourth channel (187) are connected in sequence.

6. The electric spindle according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rotary joint installation cavity (19) is provided in the assembly of the inner sleeve (151), the step seat (17) and the joint seat (18); a first opening and a second opening are provided at both ends of the rotary joint installation cavity (19); the first opening is connected to the inner hole (111); a rear cover (181) is detachably connected to the joint seat (18); the rear cover (181) blocks the second opening; and the rotary joint installation cavity (19) is used for installing a rotary joint.

7. The electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric spindle is also equipped with an air-sealed rotary joint, which includes a dynamic sealing component and a static sealing component arranged relatively to each other, and the dynamic sealing component includes: a slewing support assembly, a rotor (28) and a slewing joint labyrinth seal; the slewing support assembly supports the rotor (28) to rotate, and the slewing joint labyrinth seal is arranged on the side of the slewing support assembly facing the static sealing component, and the slewing joint labyrinth seal includes a fixed ring (23) and a dynamic ring (24), a slewing joint labyrinth flow channel is formed between the fixed ring (23) and the dynamic ring (24), and a fixed ring air vent (25) is provided on the fixed ring (23), one end of the fixed ring air vent (25) is connected to the slewing joint labyrinth flow channel, and the other end is connected to an air-sealed air path (26).

8. The electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor (21) and the detection ring (22) form an inductive displacement sensor; the sensor (21) is provided with a central hole (211), the axis of the central hole (211) is parallel to or coincides with the axis of the inner hole (111), and the detection ring (22) is arranged in the central hole (211).

9. The electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor (21) and the detection ring (22) form an eddy current displacement sensor; the detection ring (22) is located at one end of the sensor (21), and the end face of the detection ring (22) corresponds to the end face of the sensor (21).

10. The electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric spindle is also provided with a rotary air curtain sealing structure, which comprises: a rotary air curtain sealing flow channel (31) provided on the core shaft (42), a rotary air curtain air inlet path (32) provided on the pull rod (41), and an electric spindle labyrinth seal (33) provided at one end of the housing (43) away from the knife cylinder installation cavity (44); the electric spindle labyrinth seal (33) comprises a front locking nut (331) and a front end cover (332), and the front locking nut (331) rotates synchronously with the core shaft (42). The front end cover (332) is fixedly mounted on the end of the housing (43); an electric spindle labyrinth flow channel is formed between the front locking nut (331) and the front end cover (332); a rotating air curtain vent (333) is provided on the front locking nut (331); one end of the rotating air curtain vent (333) is connected to the electric spindle labyrinth flow channel, and the other end is connected to the rotating air curtain sealing flow channel (31); the rotating air curtain air inlet path (32) is connected to the knife-beating cylinder installation cavity (44), and cold air is introduced into the knife-beating cylinder installation cavity (44); When the electric spindle is broaching, the rotary air curtain sealing flow channel (31) is communicated with the rotary air curtain air inlet path (32).

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