Rapid cold extrusion unbalance-loading-resistant hydraulic machine for shaft workpieces

Abstract

Stand columns are arranged at the four corners of a machine body respectively, the upper ends of the four stand columns are connected into a whole through an upper cross beam, the lower ends of the four stand columns are connected into a whole through a base, a workbench is arranged at the top of the base, a main cylinder is installed in the center of the upper cross beam, and a hydraulic cylinder is installed in the main cylinder. The lower end of a plunger of the main cylinder is fixedly connected with the center of the sliding block; quick cylinders are symmetrically mounted on the two sides of the main cylinder, and the lower ends of plungers of the quick cylinders are connected with the tops of the sliding blocks through lubricating type thrust knuckle bearings respectively; the opposite end faces of the left stand column and the right stand column are connected with long guide rails in the height direction of the stand columns respectively, and a front copper guide plate, a rear copper guide plate, a left copper guide plate and a right copper guide plate are arranged between the four corners of the sliding block and the corresponding long guide rails respectively to adjust precision. And a through hole through which a piston rod of the ejection cylinder extends upwards is formed in the center of the workbench. The hydraulic machine is good in rigidity, smooth in sliding block operation, high in precision and strong in unbalance loading resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a hydraulic press, in particular to a hydraulic press for rapid cold extrusion of shaft workpieces and anti-eccentric load, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic machine tools. Background Art

[0002] Hydraulic press is a machine that uses the static pressure of liquid to process metal products. It is often used in press forming processes such as forging, stamping, cold extrusion, straightening, bending, flanging, sheet metal stretching, etc. The cold extrusion processing method has high application value both technically and economically. At present, cold extrusion technology has been widely used in my country's automotive, instrumentation, light industry, aerospace, construction, shipbuilding and hardware industries, and has become one of the important and indispensable processing methods in metal plastic forming technology. It has the function of making plastic transfer of metal volume without destroying the metal, so as to achieve metal forming with less or no chips, and obtain parts of the required shape and size.

[0003] In addition, during the cold extrusion process, the metal material is subjected to three-dimensional unequal compressive stress, the grain structure of the metal material is denser, and the metal flow lines are not cut off, which greatly improves the strength of the cold extruded parts. At the same time, it also has the characteristics of being able to form parts with complex shapes and obtain higher dimensional accuracy and lower surface roughness.

[0004] The Chinese utility model patent with announcement number CN 206242565U discloses a four-column cold extrusion hydraulic press, including a machine base, a horizontally arranged lower beam is installed on the upper end of the machine base, at least four vertically arranged guide columns are installed on the upper end of the lower beam, a horizontally arranged moving beam is mounted on the upper end of the guide column, a vertically arranged punching cylinder penetrating the moving beam is installed on the upper end of the moving beam, a horizontally arranged upper beam is installed on the upper end of the guide column, and a main oil cylinder is installed between the upper beam and the moving beam. The body rigidity of the cold extrusion hydraulic press is not enough, the travel of the moving beam is small, the pressing accuracy is not enough, the moving beam is prone to jamming when it moves down quickly with a long travel, and it is difficult to resist the huge lateral force generated during the cold extrusion process. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art and provide a hydraulic press for rapid cold extrusion of shaft workpieces and anti-eccentric load, which has good overall rigidity, smooth movement of the slider, high precision, strong anti-eccentric load ability, and can realize rapid cold extrusion forming of shaft parts.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a hydraulic press for rapid cold extrusion of shaft workpieces with an anti-eccentric load, comprising a machine body, wherein four corners of the machine body are respectively provided with columns, the upper ends of the four columns are connected as a whole through an upper crossbeam, and the lower ends of the four columns are connected as a whole through a base, a workbench is provided on the top of the base, a main cylinder is installed at the center of the upper crossbeam, and the lower end of the plunger of the main cylinder is fixedly connected to the center of a slider; fast cylinders are symmetrically installed on both sides of the main cylinder, and the lower ends of the plungers of the fast cylinders are respectively connected to the top of the slider through lubricating thrust spherical bearings;

[0007] The facing end surfaces of the left and right columns are respectively connected with long guide rails along the height direction of the columns, and front and rear copper guide plates are respectively arranged between the front and rear corners of the slider and the corresponding long guide rails. The outer sides of the long guide rails away from the center line of the slider in the front and rear directions are respectively connected with push-pull screws, and the free ends of the push-pull screws are respectively fixed to the front and rear stoppers, and the roots of the front and rear stoppers are respectively fixed to the corresponding columns;

[0008] Left and right copper guide plates are fixed on the facing end surfaces of the long guide rails on the left and right sides respectively, and the facing end surfaces of the left and right copper guide plates are respectively matched with the vertical sides of the short guide rails of the slider, and the short guide rails of the slider are respectively installed on the front and rear end surfaces of the slider by countersunk screws, and the facing end surfaces of the short guide rails of the left and right sliders are inclined and matched with the inclined surface of the wedge block, and the vertical side of the wedge block is respectively against the left and right stop blocks, and each left and right stop block is respectively fixed on the front and rear end surfaces of the slider, and the wedge block is connected to the slider by an adjustment screw extending in the front and rear direction;

[0009] An ejection cylinder for ejecting shaft-like workpieces upward is installed at the center of the base, and a through hole for the piston rod of the ejection cylinder to extend upward is provided at the center of the workbench.

[0010] Furthermore, the long guide rail is a square all-steel guide rail with a quenching layer on the surface.

[0011] Furthermore, the axes of the push-pull screws are respectively located on the vertical mid-sections of the corresponding front and rear copper guide plates.

[0012] Furthermore, the body is an integrally welded frame structure, and the slider is a welded box structure.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has achieved the following beneficial effects: 1. The working table of the hydraulic press for rapid cold extrusion of shaft workpieces with an anti-eccentric load is small and has a large stroke, which not only improves the accuracy of the machine tool, but also improves the rigidity of the whole machine; the guide rail guiding structure is optimized on the basis of the traditional frame hydraulic press, and the guide rail guiding can not only ensure the accuracy, but also overcome the lateral force of the cold extrusion process, and the machine tool has a large stroke to ensure the efficiency of cold extrusion; the two plunger cylinders are used as fast cylinders to increase the fast down speed and further improve the efficiency;

[0014] 2. Add a lubricated thrust spherical bearing between the quick cylinder and the slider to make the slider run more smoothly. Through the above measures, a cost-effective rapid cold extrusion and anti-eccentric load hydraulic press for shaft workpieces is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. The accompanying drawings are only provided for reference and explanation and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0016] Figure 1 This is the front view of the utility model of the hydraulic press for rapid cold extrusion of shaft workpieces and anti-eccentric load;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of

[0018] In the figure: 1. Upper crossbeam; 2. Column; 3. Main cylinder; 4. Quick cylinder; 5. Lubricated thrust spherical bearing; 6. Slider; 7. Front and rear blocks; 8. Push-pull screws; 9. Long guide rail; 10. Front and rear copper guide plates; 11. Left and right blocks; 12. Adjustment screws; 13. Wedge block; 14. Short guide rail of slider; 15. Left and right copper guide plates; 16. Workbench; 17. Base; 18. Ejector cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In the following description of the utility model, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not mean that the device must have a specific direction.

[0020] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the hydraulic press for rapid cold extrusion of shaft-type workpieces of the utility model includes a machine body, which includes a frame structure integrally welded by an upper crossbeam 1, a column 2 and a base 17. The four corners of the machine body are respectively provided with columns 2, and the front and rear columns are welded as a whole through the body web. The upper ends of the four columns are connected as a whole through the upper crossbeam 1, and the lower ends of the four columns are connected as a whole through the base 17. A main cylinder 3 is installed at the center of the upper crossbeam 1, and the lower end of the plunger of the main cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the top center of the slider 6; fast cylinders 4 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the main cylinder 3, and the lower ends of the plungers of the fast cylinders 4 are respectively connected to the top two sides of the slider 6 through lubricating thrust spherical bearings 5. An upper die is fixed to the lower end surface of the slider 6, and a workbench 16 is provided on the top of the base 17, and a lower die is fixed on the workbench 16.

[0023] The facing end surfaces of the left and right columns are respectively connected with long guide rails 9 along the height direction of the columns, and front and rear copper guide plates 10 are respectively arranged between the front and rear corners of the slider 6 and the corresponding long guide rails 9. The outer sides of the long guide rails 9 away from the center line of the slider in the front and rear directions are respectively connected with push-pull screws 8, and the free ends of the push-pull screws 8 are respectively fixed to the front and rear stoppers 7, and the roots of the front and rear stoppers 7 are respectively fixed to the corresponding columns;

[0024] Left and right copper guide plates 15 are fixed on the facing end surfaces of the long guide rails 9 on the left and right sides, and the facing end surfaces of the left and right copper guide plates 15 are respectively fitted with the vertical sides of the short guide rails 14 of the slider. The short guide rails 14 of the slider are respectively installed on the front and rear end surfaces of the slider 6 by countersunk screws. The facing end surfaces of the short guide rails of the left and right sliders are inclined and fit with the inclined surface of the wedge block 13. The vertical sides of the wedge block 13 are respectively abutted against the left and right stop blocks 3. Each left and right stop block 3 is respectively fixed on the front and rear end surfaces of the slider. The wedge block 13 is connected to the slider through an adjusting screw 12 extending along the front and rear directions.

[0025] The machine body is welded into a closed frame structure with good rigidity and strength through a box-type structure. Strict quality inspection is carried out from steel plate cutting to automatic beveling to assembly. Finally, it is welded by carbon dioxide gas shielded welding. After welding, it is annealed in a fireplace to fully eliminate welding deformation and stress and ensure the long-term accuracy of the welded parts. The machine body is processed by a CNC machining center with a rotating worktable. The machine body, worktable, guide rail surface, cylinder mounting hole and other important dimensions can be processed in one clamping. The center point of the cylinder mounting hole is used as the only reference point for the machine body processing, which effectively improves the accuracy of the relevant matching dimensions of the machine tool.

[0026] The slider adopts a welded box-type structure. The welding and processing technology is the same as that of the machine body. The machine body and the slider are optimized after computer finite element simulation, forming a unique design style of overall performance and durability, high rigidity and high reliability of the machine tool. The slider guide length of this hydraulic press is 1.2-1.5 times that of the conventional slider guide length. Considering the opening height, the width of the body column is increased by two levels on the basis of the conventional parameters. The long guide rails 9 set on the four corners of the left and right columns of the machine body are square all-steel guide rails. The surface of the long guide rails 9 is quenched to increase the surface hardness. It is fixed to the column surface by screws to guide the slider.

[0027] Through the cooperation of the front and rear stoppers 7 and the push-pull screws 8, the adjustment of the fitting surfaces between the long guide rail 9 and the front and rear copper guide plates 10 is achieved through the push-pull screws 8; through the cooperation of the wedge block 13 and the inclined surface of the short guide rail 14 of the slider, the adjustment of the left and right copper guide plates 15 on the short guide rail 14 of the slider and the long guide rail 9 on the left and right fitting surfaces is achieved.

[0028] The axes of the push-pull screws 8 are respectively located on the vertical mid-sections of the corresponding front and rear copper guide plates 10 to prevent the long guide rails 9 from turning over during the extrusion process.

[0029] This structure allows for fine adjustments to be made to the slider in the front, back, left and right directions, and also allows the slider to be moved outside the machine body for later maintenance. This ensures that the hydraulic press is not prone to precision deviation after the parallelism and verticality are adjusted, while also having extremely high guiding accuracy and strong anti-eccentric load capability.

[0030] Cold extrusion processing is achieved by using the pressing force and movement speed of the machine tool in conjunction with the die. The slider runs quickly under a large pressing force, and the die is used to control the metal flow, ultimately achieving a large transfer of the softened metal volume to form the required parts. According to the metal flow direction, it can be divided into a variety of forming methods such as forward extrusion, reverse extrusion, compound extrusion, and diameter reduction extrusion. According to the metal flow speed, it can be divided into general speed extrusion, low-speed extrusion, and high-speed extrusion. This machine tool uses forward low-speed extrusion forming, combined with the plasticity, deformation resistance, performance and other requirements of the materials used. At the same time, in order to improve the surface quality of the parts, the pressing speed is 50mm / s at full tonnage, and it is required that the extrusion speed should be kept as uniform as possible during the extrusion process.

[0031] After the cold extrusion is finished, it may remain in the die. The center of the base 17 is equipped with an ejector cylinder 18, and the center of the workbench is provided with a through hole for the piston rod of the ejector cylinder 18 to extend upward. The cold extrusion is ejected by the ejector cylinder 18 and the ejector rod. The ejection force is generally about 10% of the tonnage of the main cylinder. The workpiece is ejected when the slider returns.

[0032] The nominal force of the hydraulic press is 3150KN, the slide stroke is 1000mm, the opening height is 1500mm, the effective size of the worktable is 800mm*800mm, the slide fast speed is ≥500mm / s, the working speed is 25-50mm / s, the body stiffness reaches ≤1 / 8000, and the parallelism, flatness and verticality all meet the first-level precision requirements.

[0033] The above description is only the preferred feasible embodiment of the utility model, which shows and describes the basic principle, main features and advantages of the utility model, but does not limit the scope of patent protection of the utility model. The technicians in this industry should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above embodiments. In addition to the above embodiments, the utility model can also have other implementation modes without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. The utility model will also have various changes and improvements. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the utility model. The scope of protection required by the utility model is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents. The technical features not described in the utility model can be achieved by or using existing technologies, which will not be repeated here.

Claims

1. A hydraulic press for rapid cold extrusion of shaft workpieces with an anti-eccentric load, comprising a machine body, wherein four corners of the machine body are respectively provided with columns, the upper ends of the four columns are connected as a whole through an upper crossbeam, and the lower ends of the four columns are connected as a whole through a base, and a workbench is provided on the top of the base, characterized in that: A master cylinder is installed at the center of the upper crossbeam, and the lower end of the plunger of the master cylinder is fixedly connected to the center of the slider; fast cylinders are symmetrically installed on both sides of the master cylinder, and the lower ends of the plungers of the fast cylinders are connected to the top of the slider through lubricated thrust spherical bearings respectively; The facing end surfaces of the left and right columns are respectively connected with long guide rails along the height direction of the columns, and front and rear copper guide plates are respectively arranged between the front and rear corners of the slider and the corresponding long guide rails. The outer sides of the long guide rails away from the center line of the slider in the front and rear directions are respectively connected with push-pull screws, and the free ends of the push-pull screws are respectively fixed to the front and rear stoppers, and the roots of the front and rear stoppers are respectively fixed to the corresponding columns; Left and right copper guide plates are fixed on the facing end surfaces of the long guide rails on the left and right sides respectively, and the facing end surfaces of the left and right copper guide plates are respectively matched with the vertical sides of the short guide rails of the slider, and the short guide rails of the slider are respectively installed on the front and rear end surfaces of the slider by countersunk screws, and the facing end surfaces of the short guide rails of the left and right sliders are inclined and matched with the inclined surface of the wedge block, and the vertical side of the wedge block is respectively against the left and right stop blocks, and each left and right stop block is respectively fixed on the front and rear end surfaces of the slider, and the wedge block is connected to the slider by an adjustment screw extending in the front and rear direction; An ejection cylinder for ejecting shaft-like workpieces upward is installed at the center of the base, and a through hole for the piston rod of the ejection cylinder to extend upward is provided at the center of the workbench.

2. The hydraulic press for rapid cold extrusion of shaft workpieces and anti-eccentric load according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The long guide rail is a square all-steel guide rail with a quenching layer on the surface.

3. The hydraulic press for rapid cold extrusion of shaft workpieces and anti-eccentric load according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The axes of the push-pull screws are respectively located on the vertical mid-sections of the corresponding front and rear copper guide plates.

4. The hydraulic press for rapid cold extrusion of shaft workpieces and anti-eccentric load according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The body is an integrally welded frame structure, and the slider is a welded box structure.

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