Biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system
By designing a coupling system for biomass gasification and carbon capture, using fluidized beds, pressure swing adsorption, ammonia production and carbon capture devices, the bottleneck problems of biomass energy utilization, carbon emission reduction and alkaline compound production are solved, and the bottleneck problems of biomass energy utilization, carbon emission reduction and alkaline compound production are achieved. Efficient utilization and low cost production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421220606.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-14
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-30
AI Technical Summary
How to achieve efficient utilization of biomass energy, effective emission reduction of carbon dioxide and low-cost production of alkaline compounds, and solve the bottleneck problems of the coupling system of biomass gasification and carbon capture.
A coupling system for biomass gasification and carbon capture is designed, including a fluidized bed device, a pressure-switching adsorption device, an ammonia production device and a carbon capture device. By gasifying biomass raw materials, pressure-switching adsorption and separating gases and synthesizing liquids Ammonia hydrogen is used for carbon capture to achieve full utilization of resources.
The comprehensive utilization of gasified gas during biomass gasification process has been achieved, the added value of biomass energy has been improved, the energy consumption and cost of alkali production process has been reduced, and the effective emission reduction of carbon dioxide has been achieved.
Smart Images
Figure CN222476531U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass resource utilization, and in particular to a biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system. Background Art
[0002] Biomass refers to various organisms formed through photosynthesis using the atmosphere, water, land, etc. In a narrow sense, biomass mainly refers to organic matter such as straw, trees, wood cellulose, agricultural product processing industry waste, agricultural and forestry waste, and animal manure.
[0003] Biomass gasification is a thermochemical process that can convert biomass raw materials into combustible gases. It can use biomass resources such as agricultural and forestry wastes and urban garbage to produce gasification synthesis gas, which can be used for power generation, hydrogen production or synthetic liquid fuels. It is a way to quickly convert and utilize biomass waste. Industrial tail gas carbon capture is a technology that separates and utilizes carbon dioxide emitted from industrial processes from tail gases. It can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate the problem of global warming. The alkali production process is an industrial process that converts sodium and potassium-containing raw materials into alkaline compounds, which can produce important chemical products such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide.
[0004] Explore innovative solutions that combine the above three methods to achieve efficient utilization of biomass energy, effective reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and low-cost production of alkaline compounds. Therefore, how to rationally use biomass gasification to produce synthesis gas as a reducing agent, react with carbon dioxide captured in industrial exhaust gas to generate sodium or potassium-containing alkaline compounds, and at the same time release and utilize high-purity hydrogen, increase the added value of biomass energy, reduce the energy consumption and cost of the alkali production process, and finally realize the resource utilization of carbon dioxide and biomass. This is a bottleneck to be solved in the current industrial carbon capture and utilization. Utility Model Content
[0005] In order to solve the above problems, namely how to achieve efficient utilization of biomass energy, effective reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and low-cost production of alkaline compounds, the utility model proposes a biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system, which includes a fluidized bed device for gasifying biomass raw materials, the output end of the fluidized bed device is connected to a pressure swing adsorption device, the output end of the pressure swing adsorption device is connected to an ammonia production device, and the output end of the ammonia production device is connected to a carbon capture device; the pressure swing adsorption device is also connected to a heat utilization device, and the heat utilization device is used to provide heat energy for the ammonia production device.
[0006] The utility model is further configured as follows: a storage device is connected between the fluidized bed device and the pressure swing adsorption device to store the gasified gas.
[0007] The utility model is further configured as follows: the ammonia production device includes a synthesis tower, the input end of the synthesis tower is connected to the pressure swing adsorption device, the output end of the synthesis tower is connected to a water cooler, and the output end of the water cooler is connected to an ammonia separator for separating NH 3 The output end of the ammonia separator is connected to the carbon capture device.
[0008] The utility model is further configured as follows: the ammonia separator is also connected to a circulation pipe, the other end of the circulation pipe is connected to the input end of the synthesis tower, and a circulation compressor is installed on the circulation pipe to convert the excess N in the ammonia separator into 2 and H 2 The product is transferred to the synthesis tower for recycling.
[0009] The utility model is further configured as follows: the heat utilization device includes a combustion chamber, a burner is installed on the combustion chamber, the pressure swing adsorption device is connected to the burner to transfer the combustible gas in the pressure swing adsorption device into the burner, and a heat exchanger is also installed in the combustion chamber to exchange heat between the combustion chamber and the ammonia production device.
[0010] The utility model is further configured as follows: the combustion chamber is communicated with the carbon capture device.
[0011] The utility model also proposes a process using the biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system as described in any one of the above, comprising the following steps:
[0012] Step 1: adding biomass raw materials into the fluidized bed device for gasification to generate gasification gas;
[0013] Step 2: The gasified gas is transported into the pressure swing adsorption device for pressure swing adsorption to obtain combustible gas, N 2 and H 2 ;
[0014] Step 3: N 2 and H 2 The fuel gas is charged into the ammonia production device, and the combustible gas is charged into the heat utilization device. The heat of the ammonia production device is exchanged to 400°C by the heat utilization device, and the pressure in the ammonia production device is adjusted to 180 bar. An iron-based catalyst is added to perform NH 3 Synthesis, generating liquid NH 3 ;
[0015] Step 4: Liquid NH 3 Fill into the carbon capture device to prepare alkali solution.
[0016] The utility model also proposes a process using a biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system, comprising the following steps:
[0017] Step 1: adding biomass raw materials into the fluidized bed device for gasification to generate gasification gas;
[0018] Step 2: The gasified gas is transported into the pressure swing adsorption device for gas separation to obtain combustible gas, N 2 and H 2 ;
[0019] Step 3: N 2 and H 2 The fuel gas is charged into the ammonia production device, and the combustible gas is charged into the heat utilization device. The heat of the ammonia production device is exchanged to 400°C by the heat utilization device, and the pressure in the ammonia production device is adjusted to 180 bar. An iron-based catalyst is added to perform NH 3 Synthesis, generating liquid NH 3 ;
[0020] Step 4: Liquid NH 3 Fill into the carbon capture device to prepare alkali solution.
[0021] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0022] 1. By using the pressure swing adsorption device to perform pressure swing adsorption on the gasified gas, the N 2 , H 2 And the purpose of separating combustible gas, and cooperating with ammonia production equipment to achieve the synthesis of liquid NH 3 To provide raw materials for the carbon capture process, and further realize the comprehensive utilization of gasification gas in the biomass gasification process.
[0023] 2. By setting up a heat utilization device, the combustible gas can be fully utilized, and the heat generated by the heat utilization device can be applied to the ammonia production device, thereby achieving the goal of efficient utilization of biomass resources and ultra-low emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 The utility model is shown in the structural diagram.
[0025] Figure 2 A process flow diagram of Example 2 is shown.
[0026] Figure 3 A process flow diagram for Example 3 is shown.
[0027] Figure numerals: 1. fluidized bed device; 11. feed bin; 12. blower; 2. pressure swing adsorption device; 21. adsorption tower; 3. storage device; 4. ammonia production device; 41. synthesis tower; 42. water cooler; 43. ammonia separator; 44. circulation pipe; 441. circulation compressor; 5. heat utilization device; 51. combustion chamber; 52. burner; 53. heat exchanger; 6. carbon capture device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
[0029] Embodiment 1:
[0030] The utility model proposes a biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system, comprising a fluidized bed device 1 for gasifying biomass raw materials, the fluidized bed device 1 being a fluidized bed gasifier, a feed bin 11 being installed on the fluidized bed device 1, biomass raw materials being able to be added into the fluidized bed device 1 through the feed bin 11, and a blower 12 being also installed at the bottom of the fluidized bed device 1 for conveying air into the fluidized bed to cool the biomass raw materials in the fluidized bed gasifier.
[0031] The output end of the fluidized bed device 1 is connected to the pressure swing adsorption device 2 through a pipeline. The biomass raw material undergoes a gasification reaction in the reactor of the fluidized bed device 1 to generate gasification gas. The reaction formula is:
[0032] Biomass+O2+H 2 O→CO+H 2 +CO 2 +CH 4 +Charcoal
[0033] The gasified gas is transported into the pressure swing adsorption device 2 after being treated with detarring, dehydration, purification, etc.
[0034] The pressure swing adsorption device 2 includes two adsorption towers 21, the tops and bottoms of the two adsorption towers 21 are connected by pipelines, the input end of one of the adsorption towers 21 is connected to the fluidized bed device 1, and a storage device 3 is also installed on the pipeline connecting the two. The gasified gas generated by the fluidized bed device 1 will first be transported into the storage device 3 for storage, and then the storage device 3 will transport an appropriate amount of gasified gas to the adsorption tower 21 for adsorption separation.
[0035] The gasified gas enters the adsorption tower 21 for pressure swing adsorption process, thereby separating N 2 , H 2 , CO 2 And combustible gases, including CO and CH4 .
[0036] An output end of an adsorption tower 21 that is not directly connected to the fluidized bed device 1 is connected to the ammonia production device 4, and a pipeline connecting the bottom ends of the two adsorption towers 21 is also connected to the heat utilization device 5, which is used to transport the combustible gas separated from the gasification gas to the heat utilization device 5 to provide fuel for the heat utilization device 5. The heat utilization device 5 is used to provide thermal energy for the ammonia production device 4, so that the temperature required for synthesizing ammonia can be maintained in the ammonia production device 4.
[0037] The heat utilization device 5 includes a combustion chamber 51, and a burner 52 is installed on the side wall of the combustion chamber 51. The burner 52 is connected to the adsorption tower 21 so that the combustible gas is transported to the burner 52 for ignition by the burner 52. A heat exchanger 53 is also installed in the combustion chamber 51. The heat exchanger 53 is used to exchange heat between the combustion chamber 51 and the ammonia production device 4, that is, the heat generated by the ignition of the burner 52 can be replaced into the ammonia production device 4 through the burner 52 to maintain the temperature of the ammonia production device 4.
[0038] The ammonia production device 4 includes a synthesis tower 41. The input end of the synthesis tower 41 is connected to the adsorption tower 21 to separate the N 2 and H 2 The NH 3 , NH 3 The reaction formula for the synthesis is:
[0039] N 2 +3H 2 →2NH 3
[0040] The output end of the synthesis tower 41 is connected to a water cooler 42. 3 The ammonia is transported from the synthesis tower 41 to the water cooler 42 for cooling. The output end of the water cooler 42 is connected to the ammonia separator 43 for separating NH 3 The output end of the ammonia separator 43 is connected to a carbon capture device 6, which is used to capture CO 2 The product is recovered and converted to finally produce carbonate and alkali solution.
[0041] The ammonia separator 43 is also connected to a circulation pipe 44, the other end of which is connected to the input end of the synthesis tower 41. A circulation compressor 441 is installed on the circulation pipe 44 to realize the conversion of excess N 2 and H 2 It is transported to the synthesis tower 41 for recycling.
[0042] It should be noted that the CO separated in the adsorption tower 21 2 and CO generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 512 All are transported to the carbon capture device 6 as one of the raw materials in the carbon capture process.
[0043] Embodiment 2:
[0044] The utility model proposes a process using the biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system as described in Example 1, comprising the following steps:
[0045] Step 1: adding the biomass raw material into the fluidized bed device 1 for gasification treatment to generate gasified gas; Step 2: transporting the gasified gas into the pressure swing adsorption device 2 for pressure swing adsorption to obtain combustible gas, CO 2 、N 2 and H 2 :
[0046] Step 3: N 2 and H 2 The ammonia production device 4 is charged with combustible gas, and the combustible gas is charged into the heat utilization device 5. The heat of the ammonia production device 4 is exchanged to 400°C by the heat utilization device 5, and the pressure in the ammonia production device 4 is adjusted to 180 bar. An iron-based catalyst is added to perform NH 3 Synthesis, generating liquid NH 3 ;
[0047] Step 4: Liquid NH 3 The alkali solution is charged into the carbon capture device 6 to prepare the alkali solution.
[0048] The gasification temperature in step 1 is 850°C, and a gasifying agent needs to be added during the gasification process. The gasifying agent is air or oxygen. The gasification reaction formula is:
[0049] Biomass+O2+H 2 O→CO+H 2 +CO2+CH 4 +Charcoal.
[0050] The adsorption pressure of the pressure swing adsorption in step 2 is 8 bar, and the desorption pressure is 0.1-0.5 bar.
[0051] It should be noted that pressure swing adsorption is a cyclic process of adsorption and desorption at different pressures using the different adsorption capacities of molecular sieves for different molecules. The pressure swing adsorption used in this application is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.
[0052] The combustion temperature of the combustible gas in the heat utilization device 5 in step 3 is 1000°C. It should be noted that the combustion temperature may vary to a certain extent, and a combustion agent needs to be added during the combustion process. The combustion agent is selected from water vapor and air. 3 The reaction formula is:
[0053] N2 +3H 2 →2NH 3 .
[0054] The carbon capture in step 4 is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.
[0055] The proportions of the components of the gasification gas in this embodiment are: CO 20.5%, H 2 18.2%, CH 4 8.6%, CO 2 15.3%, N 2 37.4%; the purity of hydrogen obtained after pressure swing adsorption of gasified gas is 99.9%, and the purity of nitrogen is 99.8%; the purity of carbon dioxide obtained after combustion of gasified gas is 99.5%; the conversion rate of ammonia synthesis is 85.6%.
[0056] The calculation formula for ammonia synthesis conversion rate is:
[0057]
[0058] Among them, F H2 in is the flow rate of hydrogen at the input end of the synthesis tower 41, F H2 out is the flow rate of hydrogen at the output end of the synthesis tower 41.
[0059] Embodiment 3:
[0060] The utility model proposes a process using the biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system as described in Example 1, comprising the following steps:
[0061] Step 1: adding the biomass raw material into the fluidized bed device 1 for gasification to generate gasified gas; Step 2: transporting the gasified gas into the pressure swing adsorption device 2 for gas separation to obtain combustible gas, N 2 and H 2 ;
[0062] Step 3: N 2 and H 2 The ammonia production device 4 is charged with combustible gas, and the combustible gas is charged into the heat utilization device 5. The heat of the ammonia production device 4 is exchanged to 400°C by the heat utilization device 5, and the pressure in the ammonia production device 4 is adjusted to 180 bar. An iron-based catalyst is added to perform NH 3 Synthesis, generating liquid NH 3 ;
[0063] Step 4: Liquid NH 3 The alkali solution is charged into the carbon capture device 6 to prepare the alkali solution.
[0064] The gasification temperature in step 1 is 850°C, and a gasifying agent needs to be added during the gasification process. The gasifying agent is air or oxygen. The gasification reaction formula is:
[0065] Biomass+O2+H 2 O→CO+H 2 +CO 2 +CH 4 +Charcoal.
[0066] The gas separation in step 2 utilizes the selective permeability of the semipermeable membrane to separate gases based on molecular size or solubility differences. The gas separation technology is suitable for gas separation under specific conditions, and its efficiency and selectivity depend on the membrane material and operating parameters. The gas separation used in this application is a prior art, so it will not be repeated here.
[0067] The combustion temperature of the combustible gas in the heat utilization device 5 in step 3 is 1000°C. It should be noted that the combustion temperature may vary to a certain extent, and a combustion agent needs to be added during the combustion process. The combustion agent is selected from water vapor and air. 3 The reaction formula is:
[0068] N 2 +3H 2 →2NH 3 .
[0069] The carbon capture in step 4 is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.
[0070] The proportions of the components of the gasification gas in this embodiment are: CO 18.7%, H 2 20.1%, CH 4 9.4%, CO 2 14.2%, N 2 37.6%; the purity of hydrogen obtained after gas separation is 99.8%, and the purity of nitrogen is 99.7%; the purity of carbon dioxide obtained after combustion of gasification gas is 99.6%; the conversion rate of ammonia synthesis is 86.2%.
[0071] The calculation formula for ammonia synthesis conversion rate is:
[0072]
[0073] Among them, F H2 in is the flow rate of hydrogen at the input end of the synthesis tower 41, F H2 out is the flow rate of hydrogen at the output end of the synthesis tower 41.
[0074] In summary, the utility model realizes the conversion of N in the gasified gas into 2 , H 2And the purpose of separating the combustible gas, and cooperating with the ammonia production device 4 to achieve the synthesis of liquid NH 3 , in order to provide raw materials for the carbon capture process, and further realize the comprehensive utilization of gasification gas in the biomass gasification process. By setting up the heat utilization device 5, the combustible gas can be fully utilized, and the heat generated by the heat utilization device 5 can be applied to the ammonia production device 4, so as to achieve the purpose of efficient utilization of biomass resources and ultra-low emissions.
[0075] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fluidized bed device (1) for gasifying biomass raw materials, wherein the output end of the fluidized bed device (1) is connected to a pressure swing adsorption device (2), the output end of the pressure swing adsorption device (2) is connected to an ammonia production device (4), and the output end of the ammonia production device (4) is connected to a carbon capture device (6); the pressure swing adsorption device (2) is also connected to a heat utilization device (5), and the heat utilization device (5) is used to provide heat energy for the ammonia production device (4).
2. The biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A storage device (3) is also connected between the fluidized bed device (1) and the pressure swing adsorption device (2) for storing the gasified gas.
3. The biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia production device (4) comprises a synthesis tower (41), the input end of the synthesis tower (41) is connected to the pressure swing adsorption device (2), the output end of the synthesis tower (41) is connected to a water cooler (42), and the output end of the water cooler (42) is connected to an ammonia separator (43) for separating other gases in NH3; the output end of the ammonia separator (43) is connected to the carbon capture device (6).
4. The biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ammonia separator (43) is also connected to a circulation pipe (44), the other end of which is connected to the input end of the synthesis tower (41). A circulation compressor (441) is installed on the circulation pipe (44) to transfer excess N2 and H2 in the ammonia separator (43) to the synthesis tower (41) for recycling.
5. The biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat utilization device (5) comprises a combustion chamber (51), on which a burner (52) is installed. The pressure swing adsorption device (2) is connected to the burner (52) so as to transfer the combustible gas in the pressure swing adsorption device (2) into the burner (52). A heat exchanger (53) is also installed in the combustion chamber (51) so as to exchange heat between the combustion chamber (51) and the ammonia production device (4).
6. The biomass gasification and carbon capture coupling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (51) is in communication with the carbon capture device (6).