Thick fertile plough layer construction land preparation machine

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a soil preparation machine for constructing a thick and fertile plough layer for farmland structural obstacle shajiang black soil. Comprising a main machine frame, a straw smashing device, a straw decomposition agent downward applying device, a straw deep ploughing and burying device and a rotary tillage, soil smashing and leveling device. Wherein the straw smashing device is installed at the front end of the lower portion of the main machine frame and comprises a smashing gearbox and a smashing cutter shaft, the output of the smashing gearbox is connected with a conveying shaft, the end of the conveying shaft is connected with the smashing cutter shaft through a side conveying crawler belt, and a plurality of smashing blades are installed on the smashing cutter shaft; the machine integrates the functions of stubble cleaning, smashing, decomposition agent mixing and stirring, straw deep ploughing and burying, rotary tillage and earth surface leveling, so that after crops are harvested, the sowing and soil preparation requirements of next-stubble crops can be met through single tillage; and meanwhile, the crushed, turned and buried straws are guaranteed to be quickly rotted to achieve the purposes of nutrient release and pest control, the agricultural requirements of large-area quick operation are met, and the agricultural modernization development of China is promoted to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a land preparation machine for constructing a thick and fertile tillage layer of sandy ginger black soil with structural obstacles in farmland. Background Art

[0002] The Shajiang black soil is located in the Huanghuai Plain of my country, with a distribution area of ​​about 4 million hectares. The region has flat terrain, abundant water and heat, and a high degree of mechanization. It is the main battlefield of my country's "second granary". However, due to the heavy texture of the soil, strong expansion and contraction, and low organic matter content, the fertility of the Shajiang black soil is low and the structure is poor, which seriously restricts the growth of regional crops. In addition, the region has long adopted shallow rotary tillage (tillage depth less than 15 cm), which has caused the plow bottom layer of farmland soil to harden and move upward, and the tillage layer to become shallower. Therefore, in order to increase regional grain production, ensure national food security, and enhance the future sustainable utilization potential of this land resource, it is urgent to develop relevant technologies for "thickening" and "fertilizing" the main root growth layer (tillage layer) of Shajiang black soil crops in farmland from the two dimensions of "tillage layer thickness" and "organic matter".

[0003] At present, the expansion of the plough layer thickness at home and abroad mainly adopts deep plowing, deep loosening, powder ridge and vertical deep rotary tillage and other technologies, which can well achieve the goal of breaking the compacted plow layer and increasing the thickness of the plough layer. However, there are also problems such as large soil blocks due to deep plowing, too fine soil in powder ridge, and secondary compaction caused by subsequent mechanical entry. At the same time, excessive plowing will also lead to the decomposition of soil organic matter, and there is a risk of reduced soil fertility. In addition, in order to solve the problem of poor fertility of the plough layer, two carbon / fertilizer measures, organic fertilizer application and crop straw return to the field, are often used. However, organic fertilizer is expensive, especially in areas with a high degree of mechanization, it is difficult for individual farmers to afford the cost of applying organic fertilizer on a large scale. Therefore, straw return to the field combined with mechanical crushing (as described in patent CN2100723U) placed on the surface, or secondary mechanical deep plowing into the soil, has become a method adopted by many farmers. However, the amount of straw resources in the Huanghuai Plain is huge and the planting system of two seasons a year is adopted, which makes it difficult for a large amount of corn straw to be returned to the field in a short time. When the planting stubble is tight, it seriously affects the emergence and growth of the subsequent crop winter wheat. In addition, due to the slow decomposition rate, the pathogens and insect eggs attached to the straw continue to survive after entering the soil, waiting for opportunities to reproduce and proliferate, and endanger the next crop. Therefore, in order to overcome the current problems of large soil blocks due to deep plowing, incomplete crushing and rotting of straw, and secondary compaction of soil caused by multiple machine inputs, a new type of thick fertile tillage layer construction integrated land preparation machine with "deep soil plowing, deep straw return, and bacterial agent to promote decomposition" as the core is specially designed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to solve the above-mentioned problem and provides a land preparation machine for constructing a thick fertile tillage layer. The machine has the advantages of high-speed stubble removal and straw crushing, automatic application of straw composting agent, mixing it with the crushed straw and burying it in the soil evenly, and rotary tilling to level the ground surface.

[0005] The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme: a thick fertile tillage layer construction land preparation machine, characterized in that it comprises a main frame, a straw crushing device, a straw composting agent application device, a straw deep burying device and a rotary tillage, soil crushing and leveling device;

[0006] The straw crushing device is installed at the front end below the main frame, including a crushing gear box and a crushing cutter shaft. The crushing gear box is connected to the crushing cutter shaft in a transmission manner. A plurality of crushing blades are installed on the crushing cutter shaft. A straw debris baffle is provided at the rear side of the crushing blade. The straw debris baffle is installed on the main frame.

[0007] The straw composting agent application device comprises a composting agent storage box and a composting agent nozzle, and the composting agent storage box is connected to the composting agent nozzle through a pipeline;

[0008] The straw deep burying device comprises a deep plough installed below the main frame and behind the composting agent spray head;

[0009] The rotary tillage soil crushing and leveling device comprises a rotary tillage frame installed at the rear side of a main frame, a rotary tillage shaft is arranged in the rotary tillage frame, a rotary tillage blade is arranged on the rotary tillage shaft, the rotary tillage shaft is connected by a rotary tillage gear box, and the rotary tillage gear box is connected to a crushing gear box through an intermediate transmission shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the crushing cutter shaft is connected to the transmission shaft through the side transmission crawler, and the end of the transmission shaft is connected to the crushing gear box.

[0011] Furthermore, the decomposing agent storage box is installed above the main frame, a feed is provided on the decomposing agent storage box, and a decomposing agent nozzle is installed below the main frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the deep plow is installed obliquely along the lateral direction of the main frame, and the deep plow adopts a Chinese-style plow.

[0013] Furthermore, the rotary tillage blade is installed on the rotary tillage blade shaft in a double helical trajectory in the same direction.

[0014] Furthermore, universal joints are provided at the connection between the crushing gear box and the intermediate transmission shaft, and at the connection between the rotary tillage gear box and the intermediate transmission shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the rotary tillage frame is provided with soil crushing baffles on the left and right sides, and a leveling baffle on the rear side.

[0016] The utility model integrates the functions of stubble killing, crushing, composting agent mixing, deep burying of straw, rotary tillage and surface leveling, so that the requirements for sowing and preparing the land for the next crop can be achieved with a single tillage after crop harvest; at the same time, it also ensures that the crushed and buried straw can rot quickly to achieve the purpose of nutrient release and disease and pest control, and meets the agronomic requirements of large-scale rapid operations, which plays a certain role in promoting the development of my country's agricultural modernization.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0018] 1. This machine is equipped with a straw crushing device, which uses high-speed rotating blades to quickly crush the harvested corn stalks, so as to increase the contact between the stalks and soil moisture, stalk decomposing agents, and stalk decomposing microorganisms for rapid decomposition. In addition, the decomposition speed of finely crushed stalks is higher than that of large and thick stalks.

[0019] 2. This machine is equipped with a straw decomposing agent application device to spray the straw decomposing agent on the crushed corn stalks. On the one hand, the freshly crushed straw is more conducive to the digestion and decomposition of decomposing microorganisms, thus accelerating the decomposition rate of the straw. On the other hand, it realizes the mechanical application of the decomposing agent, greatly reduces the cost of manual application, promotes the utilization rate of the straw decomposing agent as fertilizer, and increases the utilization rate of field resources.

[0020] 3. The deep turning device of this machine will turn the mixed decomposing agent and finely chopped straw into the soil simultaneously. On the one hand, it keeps the straw fresh and reduces the loss of moisture in the straw due to exposure to the sun; on the other hand, it avoids the decomposing agent from losing its activity due to being baked by the sun after application, which can effectively improve the decomposing ability of the decomposing agent and the activity of decomposing microorganisms.

[0021] 4. This machine can complete the operations of straw crushing, composting agent application, straw burying, and rotary tillage and leveling in one trip to the field, which can not only reduce the whole farming time and energy consumption, but also reduce the number of trips to the field and reduce the risk of soil compaction.

[0022] 5. This machine achieves the effect of large-scale mechanical and efficient return of corn straw to the field and rapid tillage of the topsoil through one-time operations of crushing, spraying, deep burying and rotary tillage. The straw buried in the soil and quickly decomposed by the compost brings a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter into the soil, which is beneficial to the cultivation of soil fertility and realizes the recycling of agricultural resources. In addition, while deep plowing the straw organic material into fine powder and mixing, rotary tillage is used to break up large clods of soil, quickly creating a suitable fertile topsoil suitable for sowing and growth of the next crop, creating a thick and fertile dryland tillage layer structure, which can effectively meet the growth needs of the next crop season. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.

[0024] In the attached drawing, 1 is a side transmission crawler, 2 is a crushing shaft, 3 is a crushing blade, 4 is a straw debris baffle, 5 is a decomposing agent nozzle, 6 is a deep plow, 7 is a main frame, 8 is a universal joint, 9 is a rotary tillage shaft, 10 is a rotary tillage blade, 11 is a soil crushing baffle, 12 is a leveling baffle, 13 is a rotary tillage gear box, 14 is a feed port, 15 is a decomposing agent storage box, 16 is an intermediate transmission shaft, 17 is a rotary tillage frame, 18 is a crushing gear box, and 19 is a transmission shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of the present invention more clearly understood, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, a thick fertile tillage layer construction land preparation machine, the power source of which is a tractor, mainly includes a main frame 7, a straw crushing device, a straw composting agent application device, a straw deep burying device and a rotary tillage, soil crushing and leveling device.

[0027] The straw crushing device is installed at the front end below the main frame 7, including a crushing gear box 18 and a crushing cutter shaft 2. The output of the crushing gear box 18 is connected to a transmission shaft 19. The end of the transmission shaft 19 is connected to the crushing cutter shaft 2 through a side transmission crawler 1. A plurality of crushing blades 3 are installed on the crushing cutter shaft 2. A straw debris baffle 4 is provided on the rear side of the crushing blade 3. The straw debris baffle 4 is installed on the main frame 7.

[0028] The straw composting agent application device includes a composting agent storage box 15 installed above the main frame 7, and a composting agent nozzle 5 installed below the main frame 7. The composting agent nozzle 5 is installed on the rear side of the straw debris baffle 4. A feed inlet 14 is provided on the composting agent storage box 15, and an outlet of the composting agent storage box 15 is connected to the composting agent nozzle 5 through a pipeline.

[0029] The straw deep burying device includes a deep plough 6 installed below the main frame 7 and behind the composting agent spray head; the deep plough 6 is installed obliquely along the lateral direction of the main frame 7, and the deep plough 6 adopts a Chinese-style plough; during operation, the Chinese-style plough turns the soil on the left side of the plough body to the right side and covers the crushed straw mixed with the composting agent to bury it deeply to achieve the purpose of rapid decomposition.

[0030] The rotary tillage soil crushing and leveling device includes a rotary tillage frame 17 installed on the rear side of the main frame 7, a leveling baffle 12 is provided on the rear side of the rotary tillage frame 17, a rotary tillage gear box 13 is provided above the rotary tillage frame 17, and a rotary tillage blade shaft 9 is provided below. One end of the rotary tillage gear box 13 is connected to the crushing gear box 18 through the intermediate transmission shaft 16, and the other end is connected to the rotary tillage blade shaft 9. Both ends of the rotary tillage blade shaft 9 are rotatably installed on the soil crushing baffle 11, and the soil crushing baffle 11 is respectively fixed on both sides of the rotary tillage frame 17. A plurality of rotary tillage blades 10 are installed on the rotary tillage blade shaft 9, and the rotary tillage blades 10 are installed on the rotary tillage blade shaft 9 in the same direction double spiral trajectory to improve the soil crushing ability of the rotary tiller, break the large soil blocks turned over by the moldboard plow and transfer them to the soil ditch on the left side of the machine, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly leveling the land.

[0031] Universal joints 8 are provided at the connection between the crushing gear box 18 and the intermediate transmission shaft 16 , and at the connection between the rotary tillage gear box 13 and the intermediate transmission shaft 16 .

[0032] When working, the thick fertile tillage layer building machine of the utility model is powered by a tractor, and the crushing gear box 18 divides the power of the tractor power output shaft into two parts, one of which is transmitted to the crushing knife shaft 2 through the transmission shaft 19 of the straw crushing device and the side transmission crawler 1, driving the crushing blade 3 to rotate at high speed to crush the corn straw stubble; the other part is transmitted to the rotary tillage knife shaft 9 through the intermediate transmission shaft 16, the universal joint 8, and the rotary tillage gear box 13, driving the rotary tillage blade 10 to rotate at high speed to crush the large soil blocks produced by deep plowing.

[0033] Under the traction of the tractor, the straw crushing device first crushes the corn stubble and upright straw through the high-speed rotation of the crushing blade 3, and at the same time, the compost in the straw compost storage box 15 is sprayed out through the sprinkler head and mixed with the crushed flying straw. At this time, the straw debris baffle 4 can prevent the finely crushed straw from flying out of the compost spraying range. Then the Chinese plow turns the mixed finely crushed corn straw into the soil, and then the rotary tillage blade 10 rotates at high speed to crush the large clods of soil produced by the cutting and rolling of the Chinese plow. Finally, the leveling baffle 12 scrapes the finely crushed soil after rotary tillage, and levels the land to a state ready for sowing.

[0034] This machine was applied to Longkang Farm in Anhui Province, and used in combination with 3kg / hm2 corn straw compost (produced by Luoyang Oukebaik Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with effective live bacteria count ≥ 6 billion / g, moisture ≤ 9.0%, 200g / bag). The straw was crushed to about 5-10cm, buried about 25cm into the soil, and compacted appropriately to make the soil dense and reduce the problem of excessive soil voids caused by returning straw to the field. Compared with conventional straw crushing without composting, the straw decomposition rates of 0-10cm and 10-20cm increased by 27% and 18.5% respectively, the plowing layer thickness increased by more than 5 cm, the available N, P, and K increased by 14.8%, 5.7%, and 5.8% respectively, the organic carbon content increased by more than 2%, and the winter wheat yield increased by about 7% on average.

[0035] Except for the technical features described in the specification, the other technical features are known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A land preparation machine for building a thick fertile tillage layer, comprising a main frame (7), a straw crushing device, a straw composting agent application device, a straw deep burying device and a rotary tillage, soil crushing and leveling device; characterized in that: The straw crushing device is mounted at the front end of the main frame (7), and comprises a crushing gear box (18) and a crushing blade shaft (2). The crushing gear box (18) is drivingly connected to the crushing blade shaft (2). A plurality of crushing blades (3) are mounted on the crushing blade shaft (2). A straw crushing baffle (4) is provided at the rear side of the crushing blade (3). The straw crushing baffle (4) is mounted on the main frame (7). The straw composting agent application device comprises a composting agent storage box (15) and a composting agent spray head, wherein the composting agent storage box (15) is connected to the composting agent spray head (5) via a pipeline; The straw deep burying device comprises a deep burying plow (6) installed below the main frame (7) and behind the composting agent spray head (5); The rotary tillage soil crushing and leveling device comprises a rotary tillage frame (17) mounted on the rear side of a main frame (7), a rotary tillage blade shaft (9) being arranged in the rotary tillage frame (17), a rotary tillage blade shaft (10) being arranged on the rotary tillage blade shaft (9), the rotary tillage blade shaft (9) being connected by transmission to a rotary tillage gear box (13), and the rotary tillage gear box (13) being connected to a crushing gear box (18) via an intermediate transmission shaft (16).

2. A thick fertile plough layer construction land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing blade shaft (2) is connected to a transmission shaft (19) via a side transmission crawler, and the end of the transmission shaft (19) is connected to a crushing gear box (18).

3. A thick fertile tillage layer construction land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposing agent storage box (15) is installed above the main frame, and a feed port (14) is provided on the decomposing agent storage box (15). The decomposing agent nozzle (5) is installed below the main frame (7).

4. A thick fertile tillage layer construction land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep plow (6) is installed in a lateral direction of the main frame (7) and is inclined, and the deep plow (6) is a Chinese-style plow.

5. A thick fertile tillage layer construction land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tillage blade (10) is mounted on the rotary tillage blade shaft (9) in a co-directional double helical track.

6. A thick fertile tillage layer construction land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Universal joints (8) are provided at the connection between the crushing gear box (18) and the intermediate transmission shaft (16), and at the connection between the rotary tillage gear box (13) and the intermediate transmission shaft (16).

7. A thick fertile tillage layer construction land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tillage frame (17) is provided with soil breaking baffles (12) on the left and right sides, and a leveling baffle (12) on the rear side.

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