Single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor, which comprises a casing, a rotating shaft, a rotor yoke part, a main generator, an alternating current exciter and a rotary rectifying device, the casing is provided with an assembly cavity, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the casing, the rotor yoke part is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, and the main generator is arranged in the assembly cavity. The main generator comprises a main generator stator arranged on the cavity wall of the assembly cavity and a main generator rotor arranged on the rotor yoke part, the alternating current exciter comprises an exciter rotor arranged on the rotor yoke part and an exciter stator arranged on the cavity wall of the assembly cavity, and the rotary rectifying device is arranged on the side, provided with the exciter rotor, of the rotor yoke part. According to the utility model, the main generator and the alternating-current exciter are configured into a single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field motor to form an excitation magnetic circuit and a permanent magnetic circuit which are independent from each other, and when the motor operates in a wide speed regulation range, the current input into a stator winding of the exciter can be reduced or increased to realize magnetic reduction or magnetic increase; and demagnetization of the permanent magnet is avoided while the operation efficiency is not reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor. Background Art

[0002] Permanent magnet synchronous motors have simple structures, reliable operation, small size, low loss and high efficiency, but they have the problem of difficult to adjust the air gap magnetic field. When the motor is required to operate within a wide speed regulation range, a continuous direct axis current needs to be applied to weaken the magnetic field, which not only reduces the efficiency of the system, but may also cause irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model aims to provide a single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor to solve the problem that when the existing permanent magnet synchronous motor runs in a wide speed regulation range, it is necessary to apply a continuous direct axis current to weaken the magnetic field, which reduces the efficiency and easily causes the permanent magnet demagnetization.

[0004] The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor comprises a casing, a rotating shaft, a rotor yoke, a main generator, an AC exciter and a rotating rectifier, wherein the casing has an assembly cavity, the rotating shaft is accommodated in the assembly cavity and is rotatably connected to the casing, the rotor yoke is accommodated in the assembly cavity and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the main generator comprises a main generator stator arranged on the cavity wall of the assembly cavity and a main generator rotor arranged on the rotor yoke, and the main generator stator and the main generator rotor are arranged oppositely in the axial direction of the rotating shaft; the AC exciter comprises an exciter rotor arranged on the rotor yoke and an exciter stator arranged on the cavity wall of the assembly cavity, the exciter stator and the exciter rotor are arranged oppositely in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the rotating rectifier is arranged on a side of the rotor yoke where the exciter rotor is arranged.

[0006] Furthermore, the rotating shaft extends up and down and partially protrudes out of the top of the casing, the rotor yoke has an upper mounting surface and a lower mounting surface that are opposite to each other, the upper mounting surface is close to the top, and the lower mounting surface is close to the bottom, the main generator stator is arranged on the bottom of the assembly cavity, the main generator rotor is arranged on the lower mounting surface, the exciter stator is arranged on the top of the assembly cavity, and the exciter rotor and the rotating rectifier device are arranged on the upper mounting surface.

[0007] Furthermore, the main generator stator includes a main generator stator tooth portion arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity and a main generator stator winding wound on the main generator stator tooth portion, and the main generator rotor includes a permanent magnet and an excitation winding arranged on the rotor yoke.

[0008] Furthermore, there are a plurality of main generator rotors, which are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft as the center, and the main generator rotor includes permanent magnets and excitation windings arranged at intervals on the same radius of the rotor yoke, and the permanent magnets and excitation windings arranged at intervals on the same radius of the rotor yoke are symmetrically arranged about the radius.

[0009] Furthermore, the permanent magnet is arranged between the rotating shaft and the excitation winding.

[0010] Furthermore, the section line of the permanent magnet in the radial direction of the rotating shaft is defined as a magnetic section line, and the magnetic section line is an isosceles trapezoid whose width gradually increases in the direction away from the rotating shaft. The section line of the excitation winding in the radial direction of the rotating shaft is defined as an excitation section line, and the excitation section line is an isosceles trapezoid whose width gradually increases in the direction away from the rotating shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the exciter stator includes exciter stator teeth arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity and exciter stator windings wound around the exciter stator teeth, the exciter rotor includes exciter rotor teeth arranged on the rotor yoke and exciter rotor windings wound around the exciter rotor teeth, and the rotating rectifier device is arranged outside the exciter rotor.

[0012] Furthermore, there are a plurality of main generator stators, and the plurality of main generator stators are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft as the center; and / or there are a plurality of exciter stators, and the plurality of exciter stators are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft as the center; and / or there are a plurality of exciter rotors, and the plurality of exciter rotors are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft as the center.

[0013] The advantages of this technical solution are:

[0014] 1. By configuring the main generator and AC exciter into a single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field motor, independent excitation magnetic circuits and permanent magnet magnetic circuits are formed. When the motor runs within a wide speed regulation range (the motor speed is higher or lower than the rated speed), the current in the stator winding of the input exciter can be reduced or increased to achieve demagnetization or magnetization, without reducing the operating efficiency and avoiding the demagnetization of the permanent magnet.

[0015] 2. By arranging the main generator stator and the exciter stator on the wall of the assembly cavity, and arranging the main generator rotor and the exciter rotor on the rotor yoke, the overall structure of the motor is simple and compact, light in weight, convenient in connection, and easy to manufacture, thus achieving high power density and high efficiency of the motor.

[0016] 3. By arranging the exciter rotor and the rotating rectifier on the rotor yoke, when the rotor yoke rotates, the exciter rotor and the rotating rectifier rotate synchronously, thereby eliminating the collector ring and the brush, and realizing the brushless excitation of the motor. Compared with the traditional radial magnetic field motor brushless excitation solution, the motor has a compact structure, light weight, easy connection, and higher motor utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor disclosed in an embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the permanent magnet and the excitation winding in the radial direction of the rotating shaft disclosed in the embodiment;

[0021] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of the permanent magnet and the field winding in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0023] Example: Figure 1-3As shown, the single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor includes a housing 1, a rotating shaft 2, a rotor yoke 3, a main generator 4, an AC exciter 5 and a rotating rectifier 502. The housing 1 has an assembly cavity 101, the rotating shaft 2 is accommodated in the assembly cavity 101 and is rotatably connected to the housing 1, the rotor yoke 3 is accommodated in the assembly cavity 101 and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 2, the rotor yoke 3 is a disc which is penetrated on the rotating shaft 2 and can rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft 2 relative to the housing 1, and the main generator 4 It includes a main generator stator 401 arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity 101 and a main generator rotor 402 arranged on the rotor yoke 3. The main generator stator 401 and the main generator rotor 402 are arranged opposite to each other in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 2. The AC exciter 5 includes an exciter rotor 501 arranged on the rotor yoke 3 and an exciter stator 503 arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity 101. The rotating rectifier 502 is arranged on one side of the rotor yoke 3 where the exciter rotor 501 is arranged.

[0024] In the embodiment of the utility model, the rotating shaft 2 extends up and down and partially extends out of the top of the casing 1. The rotor yoke 3 has an upper mounting surface 301 and a lower mounting surface 302 which are opposite to each other. The upper mounting surface 301 is close to the top and the lower mounting surface 302 is close to the bottom. The main generator stator 401 is arranged on the bottom of the assembly cavity 101, the main generator rotor 402 is arranged on the lower mounting surface 302, the exciter stator 503 is arranged on the top of the assembly cavity 101, and the exciter rotor 501 and the rotating rectifier 502 are arranged on the upper mounting surface 301.

[0025] In the embodiment of the utility model, the main generator stator 401 includes a main generator stator tooth portion 403 arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity 101 and a main generator stator winding 404 wound around the main generator stator tooth portion 403, and the main generator rotor 402 includes a permanent magnet 405 and an excitation winding 406 arranged on the rotor yoke 3.

[0026] In an embodiment of the utility model, there are a plurality of main generator rotors 402, which are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft 2 as the center. Each main generator rotor 402 includes a permanent magnet 405 and an excitation winding 406 arranged at intervals on the same radius of the rotor yoke 3. The permanent magnet 405 and the excitation winding 406 arranged at intervals on the same radius of the rotor yoke 3 are symmetrically arranged about the radius, and the polarities of any two adjacent permanent magnets 405 are opposite. The permanent magnet 405 is mounted on the rotor yoke 3 by gluing.

[0027] In the embodiment of the utility model, the permanent magnet 405 is disposed between the rotating shaft 2 and the excitation winding 406 .

[0028] In an embodiment of the utility model, the section line of the permanent magnet 405 in the radial direction of the rotating shaft 2 is defined as a magnetic section line (not marked in the figure), and the magnetic section line is an isosceles trapezoid whose width gradually increases in the direction away from the rotating shaft 2. The section line of the excitation winding 406 in the radial direction of the rotating shaft 2 is defined as an excitation section line (not marked in the figure), and the excitation section line is an isosceles trapezoid whose width gradually increases in the direction away from the rotating shaft 2.

[0029] More specifically, the permanent magnet 405 is a hexahedron, a group of faces facing each other up and down are isosceles trapezoids of the same size and parallel to each other, a group of faces facing each other front and back (the radial direction of the rotating shaft is defined as the front and back direction) are rectangles of different sizes, and a group of faces facing each other left and right are rectangles of the same size. The excitation winding 406 is a hexahedron with through holes extending up and down, a group of faces facing each other up and down are hollow isosceles trapezoids of the same size and parallel to each other, a group of faces facing each other front and back are rectangles of different sizes, and a group of faces facing each other left and right are rectangles of the same size.

[0030] In the embodiment of the utility model, the exciter stator 503 includes an exciter stator tooth portion 504 arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity 101 and an exciter stator winding 505 wound around the exciter stator tooth portion 504, the exciter rotor 501 includes an exciter rotor tooth portion 506 arranged on the rotor yoke 3 and an exciter rotor winding 507 wound around the exciter rotor tooth portion 506, and the rotating rectifier device 502 is arranged outside the exciter rotor 501, wherein the exciter stator winding 505 is connected to the external circuit, and when direct current is passed through it, a constant magnetic field will be generated in the air gap of the AC exciter 5.

[0031] In the embodiment of the utility model, there are a plurality of main generator stators 401, which are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft 2 as the center, there are a plurality of exciter stators 503, which are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft 2 as the center, and there are a plurality of exciter rotors 501, which are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft 2 as the center.

[0032] In the embodiment of the utility model, the rotating shaft 2 is connected to the housing 1 through a bearing (not shown in the figure). The rotor yoke 3 is made of laminated silicon steel sheets, and the exciter rotor teeth 506 are made of soft magnetic composite materials.

[0033] The operation process of the single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor is as follows: before the motor starts working, direct current of the same magnitude and opposite direction is passed into the adjacent exciter stator winding 505 to generate a constant magnetic field. When the motor starts working, the rotation of the shaft 2 drives the rotor yoke 3 to rotate, and the exciter rotor winding 507 installed on one side of the rotor yoke 3 cuts the magnetic field to generate alternating current. The alternating current generated by the exciter rotor winding 507 is rectified by the rotating rectifier 502 and converted into direct current and input into the excitation winding 406 installed on the other side of the rotor yoke 3, generating a constant magnetic field in the air gap of the main generator 4. The magnetic field generated by the excitation winding 406 has the same direction as the magnetic field generated by the corresponding permanent magnet 405 (the corresponding permanent magnet 405 is the same as the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 405). 5 refers to the permanent magnet 405 which is arranged at intervals on the same radius as the excitation winding 406 on the rotor yoke 3. The excitation winding 406 and the permanent magnet 405 rotate with the rotor yoke 3, and the magnetic field generated by the two also rotates. The energy conversion is realized by the electromagnetic induction principle to generate current in the stator winding 404 of the main generator, and the magnitude of the excitation current in the stator winding 505 of the exciter is adjusted to change the magnitude of the magnetic field in the air gap of the AC exciter 5, thereby changing the magnitude of the current generated in the rotor winding 507 of the exciter. The electric energy of the stator winding 404 of the main generator close to the rotating shaft 2 is obtained by the magnetic field excitation generated by the permanent magnet 405, and the electric energy of the part away from the rotating shaft 2 is obtained by the magnetic field excitation generated by the excitation winding 406. When the motor is working, the current induced in the two parts of the stator winding 404 of the main generator by the excitation of the permanent magnet 405 and the electric excitation is in the same direction, and the potential generated by the two is superimposed. When the motor speed is higher than the rated speed, demagnetization can be achieved by reducing the current in the input exciter stator winding 505. When the motor speed is lower than the rated speed, magnetization can be achieved by increasing the current in the input exciter stator winding 505.

[0034] In summary, the utility model provides a single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor to solve the problem that when the existing permanent magnet synchronous motor is running in a wide speed regulation range, it is necessary to apply continuous direct axis current to weaken the magnetic field, which reduces the efficiency and easily causes the demagnetization of the permanent magnet. The main method is to configure the main generator 4 and the AC exciter 5 into a single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field motor, and the excitation magnetic circuit and the permanent magnetic circuit are relatively independent. When the motor is running in a wide speed regulation range (the motor speed is higher or lower than the rated speed), the current input into the exciter stator winding 505 can be reduced or increased to achieve demagnetization or increase, and the demagnetization of the permanent magnet 405 is avoided without reducing the operating efficiency. In addition, since the main generator stator 401 and the exciter stator 503 are arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity 101, and the main generator rotor 402 and the exciter rotor 501 are arranged on the rotor yoke 3, the structure is simple and compact, light in weight, convenient to connect, easy to manufacture, and high power density and high efficiency of the motor are achieved. Furthermore, since the exciter rotor 501 is arranged on the rotor yoke 3, when the rotor yoke 3 rotates, the exciter rotor 501 and the rotating rectifier device 502 rotate synchronously, thereby eliminating the collector ring and the brush, and realizing the brushless excitation of the motor. Compared with the traditional radial magnetic field motor brushless excitation scheme, the motor has a compact structure, light weight, easy connection, and higher motor utilization rate.

[0035] The single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor is installed in a manner that the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Since the single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor is installed in a manner that the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the axial magnetic pull of the motor is used to generate magnetic suspension force, thereby reducing the pressure on the bearing on the rotating shaft.

[0036] It should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used in the present invention to describe various information, but such information should not be limited to these terms, and these terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the "first" information may also be referred to as the "second" information, and similarly, the "second" information may also be referred to as the "first" information. In addition, the terms "center of a circle", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0037] As described above, one or more implementation methods are provided in combination with specific contents, and the specific implementation of the utility model is not limited to these descriptions. Any method, structure, etc. similar to or identical to the method, structure, etc. of the utility model, or some technical deductions or replacements made on the premise of the concept of the utility model should be regarded as the protection of the utility model.

Claims

1. Single stator single rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor, characterized in that: It includes a casing, a rotating shaft, a rotor yoke, a main generator, an AC exciter and a rotating rectifier, wherein the casing has an assembly cavity, the rotating shaft is accommodated in the assembly cavity and is rotatably connected to the casing, and the rotor yoke is accommodated in the assembly cavity and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft; The main generator includes a main generator stator arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity and a main generator rotor arranged on the rotor yoke, and the main generator stator and the main generator rotor are arranged opposite to each other in the axial direction of the rotating shaft; the AC exciter includes an exciter rotor arranged on the rotor yoke and an exciter stator arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity, and the exciter stator and the exciter rotor are arranged opposite to each other in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the rotating rectifier is arranged on one side of the rotor yoke where the exciter rotor is arranged.

2. The single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft extends up and down and partially extends out of the top of the housing, and the rotor yoke has an upper mounting surface and a lower mounting surface that are opposite to each other, the upper mounting surface is on the top, and the lower mounting surface is on the bottom; The main generator stator is arranged on the bottom of the assembly cavity, the main generator rotor is arranged on the lower mounting surface, the exciter stator is arranged on the top of the assembly cavity, and the exciter rotor and the rotating rectifier are arranged on the upper mounting surface.

3. The single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main generator stator includes a main generator stator tooth portion arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity and a main generator stator winding wound on the main generator stator tooth portion, and the main generator rotor includes a permanent magnet and an excitation winding arranged on the rotor yoke portion.

4. The single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are a plurality of main generator rotors, which are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft as the center. The main generator rotor includes permanent magnets and excitation windings arranged at intervals on the same radius of the rotor yoke. The permanent magnets and excitation windings arranged at intervals on the same radius of the rotor yoke are symmetrically arranged about the radius.

5. The single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The permanent magnet is arranged between the rotating shaft and the excitation winding.

6. The single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The section line of the permanent magnet in the radial direction of the rotating shaft is defined as a magnetic section line, and the magnetic section line is an isosceles trapezoid whose width gradually increases in the direction away from the rotating shaft; A section line of the excitation winding in the radial direction of the rotating shaft is defined as an excitation section line, and the excitation section line is an isosceles trapezoid whose width gradually increases in a direction away from the rotating shaft.

7. The single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exciter stator includes exciter stator teeth arranged on the wall of the assembly cavity and exciter stator windings wound around the exciter stator teeth. The exciter rotor includes exciter rotor teeth arranged on the rotor yoke and exciter rotor windings wound around the exciter rotor teeth. The rotating rectifier device is arranged outside the exciter rotor.

8. The single-stator single-rotor axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are a plurality of main generator stators, and the plurality of main generator stators are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft as the center; and / or there are a plurality of exciter stators, and the plurality of exciter stators are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft as the center; and / or there are a plurality of exciter rotors, and the plurality of exciter rotors are distributed in a circular array with the rotating shaft as the center.

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