Solar cell module and solar cell

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a solar cell module and a solar cell. The solar cell module comprises a substrate and a plurality of cell units. The battery units are arranged on the substrate, the multiple battery units are electrically connected in sequence, the solar cell module is provided with grooves used for separating the adjacent battery units in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, and the grooves are filled with heat conduction parts. The heat-conducting insulating material can transfer heat of the battery units, so that the stability of the solar cell module is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of battery technology, and in particular relates to a solar cell assembly and a solar cell. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of solar cells, researchers have developed a variety of solar cell components. Among them, thin-film photovoltaic cells, due to their unique properties, can be used to prepare semi-transparent or flexible devices, which can be used to prepare stacked cells with crystalline silicon, as well as flexible products such as automotive photovoltaics and wearable electronics, and have broad prospects.

[0003] However, thin-film photovoltaic cells suffer from poor long-term stability, a problem that still needs to be addressed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell module and a method for preparing the solar cell module, which can improve the stability of the solar cell module.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, which includes a substrate and battery cells; the battery cells are arranged on the substrate, a plurality of battery cells are electrically connected in sequence, and the solar cell assembly is provided with grooves for separating adjacent battery cells along a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and the grooves are filled with a heat conductive part.

[0006] In some embodiments, each battery cell includes a bottom electrode, a functional layer, and a top electrode sequentially stacked in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and the groove includes a first groove, and the first groove is located between the functional layers and the top electrodes of adjacent battery cells;

[0007] Preferably, the heat conducting portion in the first groove comprises a heat conducting insulating material or a polymer containing a heat conducting insulating material;

[0008] Preferably, the thermally conductive insulating material is an inorganic substance;

[0009] Preferably, the thermally conductive insulating material includes one or more of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, silicon, and diamond;

[0010] Preferably, the polymer includes one or more of epoxy resin, polyethylene, phenolic resin, and silicone rubber.

[0011] In some embodiments, the functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a photoactive layer, and a second transmission layer sequentially arranged in a direction away from the substrate, and the first transmission layer and / or the second transmission layer are doped with a thermally conductive insulating material;

[0012] Preferably, in the first transmission layer, the doping concentration of the thermally conductive insulating material is 0.5-5wt%;

[0013] Preferably, in the second transmission layer, the doping concentration of the thermally conductive insulating material is 0.5-5wt%;

[0014] Preferably, the doping material of the first transmission layer and / or the second transmission layer is the same as the thermally conductive insulating material in the first trench.

[0015] In some embodiments, the groove further includes a second groove, the second groove is located between the bottom electrodes of adjacent battery cells; the functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a photoactive layer, and a second transmission layer sequentially arranged in a direction away from the substrate, the first transmission layer is doped with a thermally conductive insulating material, and the heat conductive portion in the second groove includes a material of the first transmission layer;

[0016] or,

[0017] The heat conductive portion in the second groove includes a heat conductive insulating material or a polymer containing a heat conductive insulating material;

[0018] Preferably, the thermally conductive insulating material is an inorganic substance;

[0019] Preferably, the thermally conductive insulating material includes one or more of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, silicon, and diamond;

[0020] Preferably, the polymer includes one or more of epoxy resin, polyethylene, phenolic resin, and silicone rubber.

[0021] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly further comprises a heat dissipation layer, which is disposed on a side of the top electrode facing away from the substrate;

[0022] Preferably, the heat dissipation layer comprises a polymer and a thermally conductive insulating material dispersed in the polymer;

[0023] Preferably, the thermally conductive insulating material in the first groove is the same as the thermally conductive insulating material in the heat dissipation layer.

[0024] In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the heat conductive portion is greater than 3 W / (m·K);

[0025] Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the heat conducting portion is greater than or equal to 150 W / (m·K) and less than or equal to 2300 W / (m·K).

[0026] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, comprising a solar cell assembly according to any of the above embodiments.

[0027] An embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell module, in which adjacent battery cells are divided by grooves, and the grooves are filled with thermally conductive insulating materials. The thermally conductive insulating materials can transfer the heat of the battery cells, facilitating the transfer of the heat of the battery cells to the outside, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a real-time temperature tracking diagram of the device in Example 1 of the present application under sunlight;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a normalized photoelectric conversion efficiency attenuation graph of the device in Example 1 of the present application under continuous sunlight irradiation;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a real-time temperature tracking diagram of the device in Example 2 of the present application under sunlight;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a normalized photoelectric conversion efficiency attenuation graph of the device in Example 2 of the present application under continuous sunlight irradiation;

[0036] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0037] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0038] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in some further embodiments of the present application;

[0039] Fig.11 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell module provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0040] Description of reference numerals:

[0041] Solar cell assembly 100; substrate 10; heat conducting portion 20; battery cell 30; bottom electrode 31; functional layer 32; first transmission layer 321; photoactive layer 322; second transmission layer 323; top electrode 33; groove 34; first groove S1; second groove S2; connecting channel S3; heat dissipation layer 40. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present application will be described in detail below. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present application and are not configured to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can be implemented without the need for some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only to provide a better understanding of the present application by illustrating the examples of the present application.

[0043] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "include..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0044] Thin-film photovoltaic cells, due to their unique properties, can be used to prepare semi-transparent or flexible devices, and can be used to prepare stacked cells with crystalline silicon, as well as flexible products such as automotive photovoltaics and wearable electronics, and have broad prospects. For example, thin-film cells based on perovskite materials have received great attention in the field of photovoltaic solar cell modules in recent years. In just over a decade, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell modules has been significantly improved. However, there are still many problems to be solved on the road to the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic cells. One of the key problems is the poor long-term stability of thin-film photovoltaic cells.

[0045] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell assembly, a solar cell and a method for preparing the solar cell assembly. The battery provided in the embodiments of the present application is first introduced below.

[0046] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a cross section of a solar cell assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, in the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly 100, which includes a substrate 10 and a battery cell 30; the battery cell 30 is arranged on the substrate 10, and a plurality of battery cells 30 are electrically connected in sequence, and the solar cell assembly 100 is provided with a groove 34 for separating adjacent battery cells 30 along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 10, and the groove 34 is filled with a heat conductive part 20.

[0047] The solar cell module 100 may be a solar cell module 100 of different structures such as a silicon solar cell module, a semiconductor solar cell module such as arsenic telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, a perovskite solar cell module, an organic solar cell module, etc. Exemplarily, the material of the substrate 10 may be a rigid material such as glass, or a flexible material, an elastic polymer plastic or a substrate, or polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polycarbonate.

[0048] The solar cell assembly 100 can be used in various devices that require solar cells, such as mobile phones, tablets, and computers. The number of battery cells 30 in the solar cell assembly 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application can be reasonably set according to actual conditions. For example, when the solar cell has a high requirement for the power supply of the battery, a battery with a large number of battery cells 30 can be set; when the solar cell has a low requirement for the power supply of the battery, a battery with a small number of battery cells 30 can be set.

[0049] Adjacent battery cells 30 may be connected in series with each other. The grooves 34 are perpendicular to the substrate 10 and are used to separate adjacent battery cells 30 to divide different battery cells 30 .

[0050] The heat conducting part 20 includes a heat conducting insulating material, such as inorganic materials such as aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, etc., or organic materials such as heat conducting plastic or heat conducting fiber. The polymer as a dispersion medium of the heat conducting insulating material may include epoxy resin, polyethylene, phenolic resin, silicone rubber, etc.

[0051] The embodiment of the present application divides adjacent battery cells 30 by grooves 34, and fills the grooves 34 with heat conducting parts 20, which can transfer the heat of the battery cells 30 and facilitate the transfer of the heat of the battery cells 30 to the outside, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module 100. Moreover, the thermally conductive insulating material and the polymer have insulation properties, so crosstalk between the battery cells 30 can be further prevented.

[0052] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, each battery cell 30 includes a bottom electrode 31, a functional layer 32, and a top electrode 33 stacked in sequence along a direction perpendicular to the substrate 10, and the groove 34 includes a first groove S1, which is located between the functional layers 32 and the top electrodes 33 of adjacent battery cells 30.

[0053] The orthographic projection of the top electrode 33 and the functional layer 32 of one battery cell 30 on the substrate 10 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the bottom electrode 31 of an adjacent battery cell 30 on the substrate 10. That is, a portion of the top electrode 33 and a portion of the functional layer 32 in one battery cell 30 may be disposed in a stacked manner on the bottom electrode 31 in an adjacent battery cell 30.

[0054] The bottom electrode 31 can be an anode, and the top electrode 33 can be a cathode; or the bottom electrode 31 can be a cathode, and the top electrode 33 can be an anode. A conductive oxide film can be first prepared on the substrate 10, and the bottom conductive oxide film can be divided by laser equipment to form a plurality of second grooves S2 to obtain the bottom electrodes 31 arranged at intervals. The second grooves S2 are used to separate the bottom electrodes 31 of adjacent battery cells 30 to divide different battery cells 30. Then, a functional layer 32 is prepared, and then the functional layer 32 is cut by a laser scribing process to provide a connection channel S3 for connecting the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent battery cells 30. Then, a top electrode 33 is prepared, and the material of the top electrode 33 is filled into the connection channel S3, so that the series connection between adjacent battery cells 30 can be realized, and the top electrode 33 of one battery cell 30 is electrically connected to the bottom electrode 31 of the adjacent battery cell 30. Finally, the top electrode 33 and the functional layer 32 are divided by laser equipment, etc., to form a first groove S1, which is used to separate the top electrodes 33 of adjacent battery cells 30 to obtain the top electrodes 33 arranged at intervals. Specifically, the current generated by the top electrode 33 of a battery cell 30 can flow to the bottom electrode 31 of the adjacent battery cell 30 through the connecting channel S3 to form a series connection of the battery cells 30. Finally, the heat conducting part 20 is filled in the first groove S1, and then the encapsulation protection of the solar cell module 100 is realized by the compression molding encapsulation process.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present application, the heat conducting part 20 is filled in the first groove S1, which can increase the heat conducting area, ensure that more heat from the film layers in the solar cell assembly 100 is conducted away, and avoid internal heat accumulation. In addition, the heat conducting part 20 has an insulating effect, which can avoid overlapping between adjacent battery cells and prevent short circuits.

[0056] Preferably, the heat conducting portion 20 in the first groove S1 includes a heat conducting insulating material or a polymer containing a heat conducting insulating material.

[0057] For example, when preparing the heat conducting part 20, the heat conducting insulating material can be first added to the polymer in a fluid state, and the heat conducting insulating material can be evenly dispersed in the polymer by stirring and other means, and then filled into the first groove S1. After heating and other treatments, the polymer is cross-linked and cured to form a network structure.

[0058] The thermally conductive insulating material can transfer the heat of the battery cell 30 , and the polymer can accelerate the heat transfer, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module 100 . Moreover, the thermally conductive insulating material and the polymer have insulation properties, so the heat conducting part 20 will not cause crosstalk between the battery cells 30 .

[0059] Figure 3 Schematic cross-sectional view of solar cell modules provided in other embodiments of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the functional layer 32 includes a first transmission layer 321, a photoactive layer 322 and a second transmission layer 323 arranged in sequence in a direction away from the substrate 10, and the first transmission layer 321 and / or the second transmission layer 323 are doped with thermally conductive insulating material.

[0060] The photoactive layer 322 may be a perovskite layer for absorbing sunlight and separating holes and electrons, the first transport layer 321 may be any one of an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer, and the second transport layer 323 may be the other, so that the electrons and holes generated by the photoactive layer 322 may be transported to the top electrode 33 and the bottom electrode 31, respectively, to form a current. Exemplarily, the bottom electrode 31 is an anode, the top electrode 33 is a cathode, the first transport layer 321 is a hole transport layer, and the second transport layer 323 is an electron transport layer.

[0061] The connection channel S3 passes through the first transmission layer 321, the photoactive layer 322 and the second transmission layer 323 in sequence. Therefore, the connection channel S3 can directly extend to the surface of the bottom electrode 31 of the adjacent battery cell 30 facing away from the substrate 10, so that the top electrode 33 can be directly connected to the bottom electrode 31 of the adjacent battery cell 30 through the connection channel S3, thereby eliminating the need to connect the top electrode 33 and the bottom electrode 31 of the adjacent battery cell 30 through a connecting structure such as a lead or a conductor, thereby saving costs.

[0062] The first groove S1 sequentially passes through the top electrode 33, the second transmission layer 323, the photoactive layer 322 and the first transmission layer 321. In the embodiment of the present application, not only the heat conducting portion 20 is filled in the first groove S1, but also the first transmission layer 321 and / or the second transmission layer 323 are doped with a heat conductive insulating material. That is, the heat conductive insulating material can be doped only in the first transmission layer 321 or the second transmission layer 323, or the heat conductive insulating material can be doped in both the first transmission layer 321 and the second transmission layer 323, which can further improve the rate of heat transfer from the inside of the solar cell module 100 to the outside.

[0063] In other embodiments, the solar cell module 100 may further include other functional film layers such as modification layers, and these functional film layers may also be doped with thermally conductive insulating materials to further improve the thermal conductivity of the solar cell module 100 .

[0064] Preferably, in the first transmission layer 321, the doping concentration of the thermally conductive insulating material is 0.5-5wt%.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] The present embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module with an inverted planar structure. The structure of the perovskite solar cell module includes a transparent bottom electrode 31, a first transmission layer 321 (hole transmission layer), a photoactive layer 322 (perovskite film layer), a second transmission layer 323 (electron transmission layer) and a top electrode 33 arranged in sequence. The present embodiment has a small area (effective area 1mm 2 ) The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell module is as follows:

[0067] The pre-patterned ITO (Information Technology Outsourcing, indium tin oxide) glass substrate was washed with deionized water, acetone, and isopropanol, and then dried with a nitrogen air gun. The substrate was plasma treated for 5 minutes before use. x wt% = 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%: 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% of a mixed nanoparticle aqueous solution, wherein SiC is a thermally conductive insulating material, the solution is uniformly dispersed by ultrasound and filtered with a 0.45 μm filter to remove large particles. 100 μL of the above nanoparticle aqueous solution (20 mg / mL) is dropped onto the aforementioned substrate, spin-coated at 4000 rpm for 30 seconds, and then annealed on a hot plate at 110°C for 10 minutes to complete the hole transport layer NiO x@Preparation of SiC layer. The substrate was then transferred to a glove box (nitrogen atmosphere), and 65 μL of a 1.4 mol / L perovskite solution (DMF:DMSO=4:1) was added, where DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide and DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide. The solution was spin-coated at 2000 rpm for 10 seconds and 6000 rpm for 30 seconds. 100 μL of chlorobenzene antisolvent was added 10 seconds before the spin coating was completed. After the perovskite was spin-coated, annealed at 120°C on a hot plate for 10 minutes to complete the preparation of the passivated perovskite film layer. After annealing, 100 μL of PCBM (fullerene derivative) solution (20 mg / mL, chlorobenzene solvent) was added and spin-coated at 1000 rpm for 30 seconds to complete the preparation of the electron transport layer (PCBM). Then, 20 μL of a saturated isopropanol solution of BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) was added dropwise, and the auxiliary layer was prepared by spin coating at 6000 rpm for 10 seconds. Finally, 100 nm of Ag was vacuum-evaporated as the top electrode.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] The only difference from Example 1 is that NiO x The SiC ratio in the nanoparticle solution is 0.

[0070] The devices described in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm -2 Real-time temperature tracking under standard sunlight, the results are as follows Figure 4 The unpackaged devices of the perovskite solar cell modules described in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were continuously used in a nitrogen atmosphere with AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm -2 Standard sunlight irradiation, every 24 hours to test its efficiency relative to the initial efficiency ratio, the results are as follows Figure 5 As shown. At the same time, the photoluminescence efficiency of the two was tested, and the test data is shown in Table 1, where V oc represents the open circuit voltage, J sc represents short-circuit current density, FF represents fill factor, and PCE represents photoelectric conversion efficiency. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The wt% in the formula represents the doping ratio of the thermally conductive insulating material SiC in the first transmission layer 321 (hole transmission layer), specifically SiC:NiO x proportion.

[0071] Table 1

[0072]

[0073] from Figure 4 It can be seen that when SiC:NiO xWhen the doping ratio is lower than 0.5%wt, the device temperature is not much different from that of 0% doping ratio, and the heat dissipation improvement is limited. x As the doping ratio increases, the device temperature gradually decreases, indicating that SiC nanoparticles play a role in heat conduction; SiC: NiO x When the wt% ratio is greater than 5%, the improvement in heat dissipation effect decreases;

[0074] from Figure 5 As can be seen from the figure, with the SiC:NiO x With the increase of doping ratio, the device efficiency attenuation shows a downward trend, that is, the device operating life is gradually improved and the stability is improved; and SiC: NiO x When the doping ratio is lower than 0.5%wt, the efficiency decay slows down to a small extent and the life span is improved to a limited extent. x As the doping ratio increases, the efficiency decay slows down significantly, indicating that SiC nanoparticles play a role in heat conduction and the device stability increases significantly; SiC: NiO x When the wt% ratio is greater than 5%, the efficiency attenuation ratio changes slightly and the stability improvement is limited.

[0075] It was also observed that when SiC:NiO x When the doping ratio is higher than 5%wt, the PCE efficiency of the device shows a significant downward trend. Therefore, the ratio of the nanoparticles doped in the first transport layer is preferably 0.5%-5%.

[0076] It can be seen from the above embodiments that if the doping concentration of the first transmission layer 321 is less than 0.5wt%, the thermal conductivity of the first transmission layer 321 is poor; if the doping concentration of the first transmission layer 321 is greater than 5wt%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module will be affected. The doping concentration of the thermally conductive insulating material of the first transmission layer 321 of the embodiment of the present application is appropriate, which not only has a good heat dissipation effect, but also does not affect the battery efficiency.

[0077] Preferably, in the second transmission layer 323, the doping concentration of the thermally conductive insulating material is 0.5-5wt%.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that NiO x There is no SiC doping in the nanoparticles, and the doping is performed on the second transport layer 323 (electron transport layer), and the first transport layer 321 (hole transport layer) is not doped. However, SiC is doped in the PCBM solution, and the doping ratio SiC:PCBM wt% = 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%: 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] The only difference from Example 2 is that the SiC ratio in the PCBM nanoparticle solution is 0.

[0082] The devices described in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were subjected to AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm -2 Real-time temperature tracking under standard sunlight, the results are as follows Figure 5 The unpackaged devices described in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were continuously used in a nitrogen atmosphere with AM1.5G, 100mW cm -2 Standard sunlight irradiation, every 24 hours to test its efficiency relative to the initial efficiency ratio, the results are as follows Figure 7 As shown; the photoluminescence efficiency of the two was tested at the same time, and the test data is shown in Table 1. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The wt% in denoted by represents the doping ratio of the thermally conductive insulating material SiC in the second transport layer 323 (electron transport layer), specifically, the ratio of SiC:PCBM.

[0083] from Figure 6 It can be seen that when the SiC:PCBM doping ratio is lower than 0.5%wt, the device temperature is not much different from the doping ratio of 0, and the heat dissipation improvement is limited; as the SiC:PCBM doping ratio increases, the device temperature gradually decreases, indicating that SiC nanoparticles play a role in heat conduction; when the SiC:NiOx wt% ratio is greater than 5%, the heat dissipation effect improvement decreases;

[0084] from Figure 7 It can be seen that with the increase of SiC:PCBM doping ratio, the device efficiency attenuation shows a downward trend, that is, the device operating life gradually increases and the stability increases; and PCBM:NiO x When the doping ratio is lower than 0.5%wt, the efficiency decay slows down less and the life span is limited; as the SiC:PCBM doping ratio increases, the efficiency decay slows down significantly, indicating that SiC nanoparticles play a role in heat conduction and the device stability is significantly improved; when the SiC:PCBM wt% ratio is greater than 5%, the efficiency decay ratio changes less and the stability improvement is limited.

[0085] It is also observed that when the SiC:PCBM doping ratio is higher than 5%wt, the PCE efficiency of the device shows a significant downward trend. Therefore, the ratio of nanoparticles doped in the second transport layer is preferably 0.5%-5%.

[0086] It can be seen from the above embodiments that if the doping concentration of the second transmission layer 323 is less than 0.5wt%, the thermal conductivity of the second transmission layer 323 is poor; if the doping concentration of the second transmission layer 323 is greater than 5wt%, it will affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency during the period. The doping concentration of the thermally conductive insulating material of the second transmission layer 323 of the embodiment of the present application is appropriate, which not only has a good heat dissipation effect, but also does not affect the battery efficiency.

[0087] Preferably, the doping material of the first transmission layer 321 and / or the second transmission layer 323 is the same as the thermally conductive insulating material in the first trench S1 .

[0088] The heat-conducting insulating material can be dispersed in the raw materials of the first transmission layer 321 and / or the second transmission layer 323, and then the first transmission layer 321 and the second transmission layer 323 can be prepared; the same heat-conducting insulating material can be dispersed in a fluid polymer, and then the polymer is filled in the first groove S1, and the polymer is cross-linked and cured to form the heat-conducting part 20. Doping the first transmission layer 321 and / or the second transmission layer 323 with the same material as the heat-conducting insulating material of the heat-conducting part 20 can reduce the process difficulty and save costs.

[0089] In some embodiments, the groove 34 also includes a second groove S2, which is located between the bottom electrodes 31 of adjacent battery cells 30; the functional layer 32 includes a first transmission layer 321, a photoactive layer 322 and a second transmission layer 323 arranged in sequence along a direction away from the substrate 10, the first transmission layer 321 is doped with a thermally conductive insulating material, and the thermal conductive portion 20 in the second groove S2 includes the material of the first transmission layer 321.

[0090] The second trench S2 penetrates the bottom electrode 31, and the first trench S1 penetrates the top electrode 33 and the functional layer 32. In a direction perpendicular to the substrate 10, the depth of the first trench S1 is greater than the depth of the second trench S2.

[0091] A conductive oxide film can be first prepared on the substrate 10, and the conductive oxide film at the bottom can be divided by laser equipment to form a plurality of second grooves S2 to obtain bottom electrodes 31 arranged at intervals. The second grooves S2 are used to separate the bottom electrodes 31 of adjacent battery cells 30 to divide different battery cells 30. Then, a first transmission layer 321 is prepared, and the material of the first transmission layer 321 can flow into the second groove S2 to fill the second groove S2. In the embodiment of the present application, there is no need to fill other materials in the second groove S2. It is only necessary to fill the second groove S2 while preparing the first transmission layer 321, which simplifies the process steps and reduces costs. Since the second groove S2 is filled with the material of the first transmission layer 321, the second groove S2 contains a thermally conductive insulating material, which can further increase the rate of heat transfer from the inside of the solar cell module 100 to the outside.

[0092] Or, if Figure 8 As shown, in other embodiments, the heat conducting portion 20 in the second trench S2 includes a heat conducting insulating material or a polymer containing a heat conducting insulating material.

[0093] For example, when preparing the heat-conducting part 20, the heat-conducting insulating material can be first added to the polymer in a fluid state, and the heat-conducting insulating material can be evenly dispersed in the polymer by stirring and other means, and then filled into the second groove S2, and the polymer is cross-linked and cured by heating and other treatments to form a network structure. Then, a first transmission layer 321 is formed on the side of the bottom electrode 31 away from the substrate 10, and the first transmission layer 321 covers the bottom electrode 31 and the heat-conducting part 20 in the second groove S2, which can also further increase the rate of heat transfer from the inside of the solar cell module 100 to the outside.

[0094] Preferably, the battery cell 30 is provided with a connecting channel S3 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection of the connecting channel S3 on the substrate 10 is located between the orthographic projections of the first groove S1 and the second groove S2 on the substrate 10; adjacent battery cells 30 are electrically connected through the connecting channel.

[0095] The top electrode 33 can be directly connected to the bottom electrode 31 of the adjacent battery cell 30 through the connection channel S3, thereby eliminating the need to connect the top electrode 33 and the bottom electrode 31 of the adjacent battery cell 30 through connection structures such as leads or conductors, thereby saving costs.

[0096] Fig. 9 Schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the solar cell assembly 100 further includes a heat dissipation layer 40, which is disposed on the side of the battery unit 30 away from the substrate 10. Specifically, the heat dissipation layer 40 is disposed on the side of the top electrode 33 away from the substrate 10, which can accelerate the heat dissipation of the device and also play an auxiliary packaging effect.

[0097] Optionally, the material of the heat dissipation layer 40 can be the same as that of the heat conducting part 20, or can be a material with good thermal conductivity such as thermal conductive adhesive, thermal conductive plastic, ceramic, etc. The heat dissipation layer 40 can help dissipate the heat generated by the solar cell module 100 during operation to maintain a lower operating temperature and improve the efficiency and life of the solar cell module 100.

[0098] Preferably, the heat dissipation layer 40 covers the heat conducting part 20. When preparing the heat dissipation layer 40, the heat dissipation material can be directly coated on the entire surface of the battery unit 30 facing away from the substrate 10, so that the heat dissipation layer 40 covers

[0099] The top electrode 33 and the heat conducting part 20 , the heat of the film layer inside the solar cell assembly 100 can be directly transferred to the heat dissipation layer 40 via the heat conducting part 20 , and dissipated to the outside by the heat dissipation layer 40 , further improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the solar cell assembly 100 .

[0100] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation layer 40 includes a polymer and a thermally conductive insulating material dispersed in the polymer.

[0101] The thermally conductive insulating material can be first added to the polymer in a fluid state, and the thermally conductive insulating material can be evenly dispersed in the polymer by stirring and other means, and then applied to the side of the battery unit 30 away from the substrate 10, and the polymer can be cross-linked and cured after heating and other treatments to form a mesh structure. The thermally conductive insulating material can transfer the heat of the battery unit 30, and the polymer can accelerate the transfer of heat, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module 100. In addition, the thermally conductive insulating material and the polymer have insulation properties, so the heat conductive part 20 will not cause crosstalk between the battery units 30.

[0102] Preferably, the thermally conductive insulating material of the heat dissipation layer 40 is the same as the thermally conductive insulating material in the first groove S1 , which can reduce the process difficulty and save costs.

[0103] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell assembly provided in some embodiments of the present application. Fig.10 As shown, the first transmission layer 321 and / or the second transmission layer 323 may be doped with a thermally conductive insulating material, and a heat dissipation layer 40 may be provided on the side of the battery unit 30 facing away from the substrate 10 , so as to maximize the stability of the solar cell assembly 100 .

[0104] In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the heat conducting portion 20 is greater than 3W / (m·K). Thermal conductivity, also known as thermal conductivity or thermal conductivity, is a physical quantity that indicates the thermal conductivity of a material. The embodiments of the present application use materials with high thermal conductivity to accelerate the conduction of heat from inside the photovoltaic device to the outside, thereby improving the thermal stability during long-term operation.

[0105] Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the heat conducting portion 20 is greater than or equal to 150 W / (m·K) and less than or equal to 2300 W / (m·K), which further improves the thermal stability of the solar cell assembly 100 .

[0106] In some embodiments, the thermally conductive insulating material is an inorganic material. The thermally conductive insulating material of an inorganic material has good thermal conductivity and good electrical insulation performance. The thermally conductive insulating material of an inorganic material generally also has high temperature resistance, can maintain stability in a high temperature environment, and has strong corrosion resistance.

[0107] Preferably, the thermally conductive insulating material includes one or more of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, silicon, and diamond. The thermally conductive insulating material has high thermal conductivity. For example, the thermal conductivity of silicon is about 150W / (m·K), and the thermal conductivity of diamond is about 2300W / (m·K). The thermally conductive insulating material has good insulation performance, and is resistant to high temperature and corrosion. It has good stability during long-term use and is not easy to decompose or deform.

[0108] Preferably, the polymer includes one or more of epoxy resin, polyethylene, phenolic resin, and silicone rubber.

[0109] Among them, silicone rubber and polyethylene have good thermal conductivity and can effectively conduct heat. By combining these thermally conductive polymers with thermally conductive insulating materials, the overall thermal conductivity can be improved. Epoxy resin and phenolic resin are materials with good insulating properties. Using them in the heat-conducting part 20 can ensure that while improving thermal conductivity, electrical insulation can still be maintained. Epoxy resin and phenolic resin can form a hard and strong structure after curing, improving a certain mechanical strength. Silicone rubber, epoxy resin and phenolic resin have good high temperature resistance. The polymers of the embodiments of the present application all have good chemical stability, can resist the erosion of chemical substances, and improve the durability of the heat-conducting part 20.

[0110] Fig.11 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell module provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0111] like Fig.11 As shown, in a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell assembly 100, comprising:

[0112] S10, providing a substrate 10;

[0113] S20 , forming a plurality of battery cells 30 on the substrate 10 ; wherein the plurality of battery cells 30 are electrically connected in sequence, and grooves 34 are provided between adjacent battery cells 30 , and the grooves 34 are filled with the heat conducting part 20 .

[0114] A conductive oxide film may be first prepared on the substrate 10, and the conductive oxide film at the bottom may be divided by a laser device to form a plurality of second grooves S2 to obtain the bottom electrodes 31 arranged at intervals. The second grooves S2 are used to separate the bottom electrodes 31 of adjacent battery cells 30 to divide different battery cells 30. Then a functional layer 32 is prepared, and the functional layer 32 is divided by a laser scribing process to provide a connection channel S3 for connecting the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent battery cells 30. Then a top electrode 33 is prepared, and the material of the top electrode 33 directly enters the connection channel S3, so that the series connection between adjacent battery cells 30 can be realized, and the top electrode 33 of one battery cell 30 is electrically connected to the bottom electrode 31 of the adjacent battery cell 30. Finally, the top electrode 33 and the functional layer 32 are divided by a laser device to form a first groove S1, which is used to separate the top electrodes 33 of adjacent battery cells 30 to obtain the top electrodes 33 arranged at intervals.

[0115] The thermally conductive insulating material can be first added to the polymer in a fluid state, and the thermally conductive insulating material can be evenly dispersed in the polymer by stirring or other means, and the polymer is filled in the first groove S1, and the polymer is cross-linked and solidified to form a network structure heat-conducting portion 20. Alternatively, when preparing the functional layer 32, the thermally conductive insulating material is doped in the raw material of the functional layer 32, and when the raw material of the functional layer 32 is coated on the bottom electrode 31, the thermally conductive insulating material can be filled into the second groove S2.

[0116] Optionally, the battery cell 30 may be formed by patterning, or by using a mask deposition process, or by sequentially depositing materials of a corresponding layer structure on the substrate 10, and forming the first groove S1 between the battery cells 30 by laser or etching process. Of course, the preparation method of the battery in the embodiment of the present application may also be implemented by other processes, which are not specifically limited here.

[0117] The preparation method of the embodiment of the present application is simple in process. Adjacent battery cells 30 are divided by grooves 34, and the heat conducting part 20 is filled in the grooves 34, which can transfer the heat of the battery cells 30 and facilitate the transfer of the heat of the battery cells 30 to the outside, thereby improving the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0118] Preferably, step S20 of forming a plurality of battery cells on a substrate includes:

[0119] S11 , forming a bottom electrode 31 , a functional layer 32 and a top electrode 33 in sequence on the substrate 10 ; wherein the groove 34 includes a first groove S1 , and the first groove S1 is located between the functional layers 32 and the top electrodes 33 of adjacent battery cells 30 .

[0120] The top electrode 33 and the functional layer 32 are divided by laser equipment or the like to form a first groove S1 for separating the top electrodes 33 of adjacent battery cells 30 to obtain the top electrodes 33 arranged at intervals.

[0121] S12, dispersing a thermally conductive insulating material in a polymer;

[0122] S13 , filling the first groove S1 with a polymer, and waiting for the polymer to be cross-linked and cured to form the heat conducting portion 20 .

[0123] In the embodiment of the present application, the thermally conductive insulating material is filled in the first groove S1, which can increase the heat conduction area, ensure that more heat from the film layers in the solar cell module 100 is conducted away, and avoid internal heat accumulation. In addition, the thermally conductive insulating material has an insulating effect, which can avoid overlapping between adjacent battery cells and prevent short circuits.

[0124] Preferably, step S11 of sequentially forming a bottom electrode, a functional layer and a top electrode on a substrate comprises:

[0125] S111 , forming bottom electrodes 31 on the substrate 10 in sequence; wherein the grooves 34 further include second grooves S2 , and the second grooves S2 are located between the bottom electrodes 31 of adjacent battery cells 30 .

[0126] S112, doping a thermally conductive insulating material into the functional layer 32;

[0127] S113 , forming a functional layer 32 on the side of the bottom electrode 31 facing away from the substrate 10 ; wherein a portion of the functional layer 32 is filled into the second trench S2 .

[0128] The second groove S2 contains a heat-conducting insulating material, which can further increase the rate of heat transfer from the inside of the solar cell assembly 100 to the outside.

[0129] Preferably, after step S11 of sequentially forming a bottom electrode, a functional layer and a top electrode on the substrate, the following steps are included:

[0130] S14, dispersing a thermally conductive insulating material in a polymer;

[0131] S15 , coating a polymer onto the side of the top electrode 33 facing away from the substrate 10 , and waiting for the polymer to be cross-linked and cured to form a heat dissipation layer 40 .

[0132] The heat dissipation layer 40 can accelerate the heat dissipation of the device and also assist the packaging effect.

[0133] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell, including a solar cell assembly 100 of any of the above embodiments, or a solar cell assembly 100 prepared according to the above preparation method. Since the solar cell adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described one by one here.

[0134] The solar cell can be any device with a display function, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, an in-vehicle electronic device, a wearable device, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook or a personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. It can also be a non-mobile device such as a personal computer (PC), a television (TV), a teller machine or a self-service machine, etc.

[0135] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, modules and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that: include: substrate; The battery cells are arranged on the substrate, a plurality of the battery cells are electrically connected in sequence, and the solar cell assembly is provided with grooves for separating adjacent battery cells along a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and the grooves are filled with heat conducting parts.

2. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the battery cells includes a bottom electrode, a functional layer and a top electrode stacked in sequence along a direction perpendicular to the substrate; the grooves include a first groove located between the functional layers and the top electrodes of adjacent battery cells.

3. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a photoactive layer, and a second transmission layer which are sequentially arranged in a direction away from the substrate.

4. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The groove further includes a second groove, which is located between the bottom electrodes of adjacent battery cells; the functional layer includes a first transmission layer, a photoactive layer, and a second transmission layer which are sequentially arranged in a direction away from the substrate.

5. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solar cell assembly further comprises a heat dissipation layer, and the heat dissipation layer is arranged on a side of the top electrode away from the substrate.

6. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal conductivity of the heat conducting portion is greater than 3 W / (m·K).

7. A solar cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises a solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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