Constant-water-pressure compact-structure penetration tester for in-situ testing of soil permeability

Abstract

The utility model discloses a constant water pressure compact structure penetration tester for in-situ test of soil body permeability, which relates to the technical field of geotechnical test, and comprises a steel cylinder with tough feet and a comprehensive action frame for fixing the steel cylinder with tough feet, and a plurality of acrylic cylinders are arranged at the upper end of the steel cylinder with tough feet; a top cover is arranged at the upper end of each acrylic cylinder, rubber sleeves are arranged at butt joints between the steel cylinder with the tough feet and the acrylic cylinders and between the acrylic cylinders, and stainless steel hose clamp rings are arranged on the outer surfaces of the rubber sleeves. The upper portion of the acrylic cylinder is fixed to one side of the comprehensive action frame through a flexible rope. A horizontal outward-extending plate is arranged on the outer side wall of the steel cylinder with the tough foot. According to the utility model, the structure compactness of the soil in-situ permeability tester is improved; the constant water pressure of the soil in-situ permeability tester is ensured; the free disassembly, assembly, carrying and repeated use of the soil in-situ permeability tester are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of geotechnical testing, in particular to a compact permeability testing instrument with a constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability. Background Art

[0002] In nature, there are vast areas of soil layers distributed on the earth's surface. Under rainfall or artificial irrigation, water will infiltrate from top to bottom in these soil layers, resulting in an increase in soil saturation and a decrease in shear strength. For example, in the soil slope area of ​​a mountainous area, rainfall infiltrates into the slope soil, eventually causing typical geological disasters such as landslides, mudslides and collapses. For different types of soil, their permeability is different due to different causes. People often conduct permeability tests to quantify soil permeability, and use permeability coefficients to characterize the permeability of soil.

[0003] At present, the methods for testing soil permeability coefficient are divided into the permeability test method of taking samples indoors and the permeability test method of conducting in-situ soil in the field. In comparison, the in-situ permeability test does not require soil sampling from the site, which minimizes the disturbance of the in-situ soil and the test results obtained are more convincing. At present, the types of in-situ permeability tests are divided into single-ring permeability tests and double-ring permeability tests. However, the structures of single-ring and double-ring permeability testers are often scattered, resulting in insufficient structural compactness, and sometimes even unable to accurately control the water pressure during the permeability process, affecting the efficiency and accuracy of in-situ soil permeability tests.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a compact permeability tester with a constant water pressure structure for in-situ soil permeability testing, so as to improve the efficiency and accuracy of in-situ soil permeability testing. Summary of the invention

[0005] The utility model aims to provide a compact permeability tester with constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability, so as to solve the problems of non-compact structure and non-constant water pressure of the in-situ permeability tester for soil.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A compact permeability tester with a constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability comprises a steel cylinder with a flexible foot and a comprehensive function frame for fixing the steel cylinder with a flexible foot, a plurality of acrylic cylinders are arranged on the upper end of the steel cylinder with a flexible foot, a top cover is arranged on the upper end of the acrylic cylinder, rubber sleeves are arranged at the joints between the steel cylinder with a flexible foot and the acrylic cylinder, and between the acrylic cylinders, and a stainless steel throat hoop is arranged on the surface of the rubber sleeve; the upper part of the acrylic cylinder is fixed to one side of the comprehensive function frame by a flexible rope; a horizontal overhanging plate is arranged on the outer side wall of the steel cylinder with a flexible foot, and a circular level bubble is fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal overhanging plate.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the top cover includes a disc 1, a round through hole 1, a round through hole 2, a door-shaped frame and a nut embedded in the top end panel of the door-shaped frame; an acrylic capillary is provided in the round through hole 1, and the diameter of the round through hole 1 is the same as the outer diameter of the acrylic capillary; the round through hole 2 is used to insert a conical plug, and the contact surface of the door-shaped frame and the disc 1 is fixed by gluing; the bottom surface of the top cover is aligned with the top surface of the acrylic cylinder and then sealed firmly with glue; the nut is used to screw in a matching bolt, and then the conical plug is tightened with the bolt to plug the round through hole 2; the nut is screwed on the bolt to limit the position of the bolt; a nut should be provided on the bolt and on both sides of the nut; after the acrylic capillary is inserted into the round through hole 1 to a certain depth, the gap at the contact between the two is sealed with glue.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above solution, the comprehensive action frame includes a long beam 1, a long beam 2, a top beam, a vertical leg, a lateral beam and an anchor floor;

[0010] The long cross beam one and the long cross beam two are connected by a plurality of top cross beams, vertical legs are provided below the ends of the long cross beam one and the long cross beam two, and the two vertical legs on one side are connected by a plurality of lateral cross beams, an anchor floor is provided on the outer side of the lower end of each vertical leg, an upper long cross beam two arc groove is provided on one side surface of the long cross beam two for straightening and fixing the acrylic cylinder; a round through hole is provided on the anchor floor for passing the nail body to fix it to the ground.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above scheme, it also includes a steel cylinder top cover, which includes a circular ring disk and a second circular disk. The inner diameter of the circular ring disk is larger than the outer diameter of the steel cylinder with tough feet. After covering the top of the steel cylinder with tough feet, the steel cylinder with tough feet can be driven into the soil to a certain depth by hammering.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above solution, a ruler is posted on the outer wall of the acrylic cylinder, and the ruler is used to judge the water level inside the acrylic cylinder.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0014] 1. The utility model improves the compactness of the structure of the soil in-situ permeability tester;

[0015] 2. Ensure the constant water pressure of the soil in-situ permeability tester;

[0016] 3. The in-situ soil permeability tester can be freely disassembled, assembled, carried and reused;

[0017] 4. Improved the testing efficiency and accuracy of in-situ permeability test of soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of a compact permeability tester with constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability is shown.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a steel cylinder with tough feet in a compact permeability tester with constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability.

[0020] Figure 3 The schematic diagram shows the structure of a horizontally extended plate in a compact permeability tester with a constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an acrylic cylinder in a compact permeability tester with a constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability.

[0022] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of the top cover of a compact permeability tester with constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability is shown in the figure.

[0023] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the structure is a comprehensive action frame in a compact permeability tester with a constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability.

[0024] Figure 7 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ground nail inserted in a compact permeability tester with a constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the steel cylinder top cover in a compact permeability tester with a constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability.

[0026] In the figure: 1. Soil; 2. Steel cylinder with flexible feet; 3. Horizontal extension plate; 4. Rubber sleeve; 5. Stainless steel hose hoop; 6. Acrylic cylinder; 7. Ruler; 8. Flexible rope; 9. Top cover; 10. Acrylic cap; 11. Bolt; 12. Limit nut; 13. Conical plug; 14. Comprehensive action frame; 15. Ground nail; 16. Steel cylinder top cover;

[0027] 9-1, disc one; 9-2, round through hole one; 9-3, round through hole two; 9-4, door-shaped frame; 9-5, nut; 14-1, long crossbeam one; 14-2, long crossbeam two; 14-3, top crossbeam; 14-4, vertical leg; 14-5, lateral crossbeam; 14-6, anchor floor; 15-1, nail head: 15-2 nail body; 15-3, nail tip; 16-1, circular ring disc; 16-2, disc two; 14-2-1, arc groove; 14-6-1, through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of this patent is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0029] Example, see Figure 1-Figure 8 A compact permeability tester with a constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability includes a steel cylinder with a tough foot 2, a horizontal extension plate 3, a rubber sleeve 4, a stainless steel throat hoop 5, an acrylic cylindrical tube 6, a ruler 7, a flexible rope 8, a top cover 9, an acrylic capillary 10, a bolt 11, a limit nut 12, a conical plug 13, a comprehensive action frame 14 and a ground nail 15.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the soil body 1 is the object to be tested for permeability, and the lower foot of the steel cylinder with foot 2 will be inserted into the soil body 1 to a certain depth when used.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the upper part of the steel cylinder with tough feet 2 is a cylindrical steel cylinder and the lower part has a tough foot of a certain height. The outer diameter of the cylindrical steel cylinder on the upper part of the steel cylinder with tough feet 2 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the annular disk of the steel cylinder top cover 16, so that when the steel cylinder with tough feet 2 is inserted into the soil body 1, the annular disk of the steel cylinder top cover 16 can cover the upper end surface of the cylindrical steel cylinder on the upper part of the steel cylinder with tough feet 2. Afterwards, the tough foot at the lower part of the steel cylinder with tough feet 2 can be pushed into the soil body 1 by hitting the disk 16-2 of the steel cylinder top cover 16 with a hammer. The steel cylinder with tough feet 2 is preferably made of a stainless steel cylinder. The steel cylinder with tough feet 2 is used to contain water.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a circular level bubble is fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal extension plate 3 to assist in ensuring that the axis of the steel cylinder with a tough foot 2 remains vertical, and a side surface of the horizontal extension plate 3 that contacts the outer wall of the steel cylinder with a tough foot 2 is provided with an arc groove that matches the outer diameter of the steel cylinder with a tough foot 2. The side arc groove of the horizontal extension plate 3 is matched with the outer wall of the steel cylinder with a tough foot 2 and then connected by welding. At this time, the horizontal plane of the horizontal extension plate 3 remains vertical to the axis of the steel cylinder with a tough foot 2. The horizontal extension plate 3 is preferably made of stainless steel plate.

[0033] like Figure 1As shown, the inner diameter of the rubber sleeve 4 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the steel cylinder with tough feet 2 and the acrylic cylindrical tube 6, so as to prevent water leakage at the joints between the steel cylinder with tough feet 2 or the acrylic cylindrical tube 6.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the stainless steel hose hoop 5 is fastened to the surface of the rubber sleeve 4 at the joint between the steel cylinder with tough feet 2 and the acrylic cylindrical tube 6 to prevent the rubber sleeve 4 from bulging due to excessive water pressure at the joint between the steel cylinder with tough feet 2 or the acrylic cylindrical tube 6 and the acrylic cylindrical tube 6.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the acrylic cylinder 6 is a cylinder made of acrylic material, which is used to connect with the end face of the steel cylinder 2 with tough feet below it and the end face of the acrylic cylinder 6 above it. The interior of the acrylic cylinder 6 is used to contain water. There can be multiple acrylic cylinders 6, and the specific number depends on the infiltration water pressure required for the in-situ penetration test. When the infiltration water pressure required for the in-situ penetration test is too large, the number of required acrylic cylinders 6 can be increased accordingly.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a ruler 7 is posted on the outer wall of the acrylic cylinder 6 , and the ruler 7 is used to judge the water level inside the acrylic cylinder 6 .

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the flexible rope 8 is used to be wound around the outer wall of the acrylic cylinder 6, and plays a role in keeping the acrylic cylinder 6 vertical and firmly close to the second arc groove 14-2-1 of the long cross beam on the comprehensive action frame 14. The flexible rope 8 is preferably a thin nylon rope.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the top cover 9 includes a disc 1 9-1, a round through hole 1 9-2, a round through hole 2 9-3, a door-shaped frame 9-4 and a nut 9-5 embedded in the top end panel of the door-shaped frame 9-4. The diameter of the round through hole 1 9-2 is the same as the outer diameter of the acrylic capillary 10. The round through hole 2 9-3 is used to insert a conical plug 13. The contact surface of the door-shaped frame 9-4 and the disc 1 9-1 is fixed by gluing. The bottom surface of the top cover 9 is aligned with the top surface of the acrylic cylinder 6 and then sealed firmly with glue. The nut 9-5 is used to screw in a matching bolt 11, and then the bolt 11 is used to tighten the conical plug 13 to plug the round through hole 2 9-3. The limiting nut 12 is screwed on the bolt 11 to limit the position of the bolt 11. A limiting nut 12 should be set on the bolt 11 and on both sides of the nut 9-5. The conical plug 13 is a conical plug. After the acrylic tube 10 is inserted into the round hole 9-2 to a certain depth, the gap at the contact point between the two is sealed with glue. The depth of the acrylic tube 10 inserted into the round hole 9-2 can be determined according to the pressure required for the penetration test and the working principle of the Malliot bottle.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, the comprehensive action frame 14 includes a long cross beam 14-1, a long cross beam 2 14-2, a top cross beam 14-3, a vertical leg 14-4, a lateral cross beam 14-5 and an anchor floor 14-6. An upper long cross beam 2 arc groove 14-2-1 is provided on one side of the long cross beam 2, which is used to straighten and fix the acrylic cylinder 6. The top cross beam 14-3 can be used as a working platform for people. The lateral cross beam 14-5 can be used as a ladder for test personnel to climb to the top cross beam 14-3. The bottom surface of the anchor floor 14-6 is welded flush with the bottom surface of the vertical leg 14-4. The anchor floor 14-6 is provided with a round through hole 14-6-1 for passing the nail body 15-2. The comprehensive action frame 14 is preferably a steel frame.

[0040] like Figure 7 As shown, the ground nail 15 includes a nail head 15-1, a nail body 15-2 and a nail tip 15-3. The nail body 15-2 passes through the round through hole 14-6-1 to fix the comprehensive function frame 14. The ground nail 15 is preferably a stainless steel rod.

[0041] like Figure 8 As shown, the steel cylinder cover 16 includes a circular disk 16-1 and a circular disk 16-2. The inner diameter of the circular disk 16-1 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the steel cylinder with a tough foot 2, and can be covered on the top of the steel cylinder with a tough foot 2 and then hammered to drive the steel cylinder with a tough foot 2 into the soil body 1 to a certain depth. The steel cylinder cover 16 is preferably made of stainless steel.

[0042] The steps for using the constant water pressure compact penetration tester are as follows:

[0043] 1) Cover the steel cylinder top cover 16 on the top of the steel cylinder with tough feet 2, use a hammer to drive the steel cylinder with tough feet 2 into the soil 1 to a certain depth, and observe that the circular level bubble on the horizontal extension plate 3 is centered;

[0044] 2) Use a spiral drill to dig out the compacted soil inside the steel cylinder with tough feet 2 to ensure that the water in the acrylic cylinder 6 can penetrate into the original soil at the bottom of the tough feet of the steel cylinder with tough feet 2;

[0045] 3) Follow Figure 1 As shown, assemble other related parts;

[0046] 4) Unscrew the bolt 11 and the limit nut 12, remove the tapered plug 13, and add a specific volume of water required for the penetration test into the round through hole 9-3;

[0047] 5) Insert the tapered plug 13 into the round through hole 9-3, and adjust the bolt 11 and the limit nut 12 so that the bottom surface of the bolt 11 presses against the tapered plug 13;

[0048] 6) Use a stopwatch to record the height of the water level drop in the acrylic cylinder 6 per unit time by observing the ruler 7, and calculate the volume of the infiltrated water by multiplying this height by the internal circular cross-section of the acrylic cylinder 6;

[0049] 7) Repeat step 6 until the volume of water infiltrating into the acrylic cylinder 6 per unit time remains constant, which means that the penetration test at one point is completed.

[0050] Note: The formula for calculating the soil permeability coefficient is not described here. Please refer to the calculation formula for the permeability coefficient in the single-ring permeability test.

Claims

1. A compact permeability tester with constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability, characterized in that: The invention comprises a steel cylinder with a flexible foot (2) and a comprehensive function frame (14) for fixing the steel cylinder with a flexible foot (2), wherein a plurality of acrylic cylindrical tubes (6) are provided at the upper end of the steel cylinder with a flexible foot (2), and a top cover (9) is provided at the upper end of the acrylic cylindrical tube (6). A rubber sleeve (4) is provided at the joint between the steel cylinder with a flexible foot (2) and the acrylic cylindrical tube (6), and between the acrylic cylindrical tubes (6) and the acrylic cylindrical tubes (6), and a stainless steel throat hoop (5) is provided at the outer surface of the rubber sleeve (4); the upper part of the acrylic cylindrical tube (6) is fixed to one side of the comprehensive function frame (14) by a flexible rope (8); a horizontal extension plate (3) is provided on the outer side wall of the steel cylinder with a flexible foot (2), and a circular level bubble is fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal extension plate (3).

2. The compact permeability tester with constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover (9) comprises a disc 1 (9-1), a round through hole 1 (9-2), a round through hole 2 (9-3), a door-shaped frame (9-4) and a nut (9-5) embedded in a top end panel of the door-shaped frame (9-4); an acrylic capillary (10) is arranged in the round through hole 1 (9-2), and the diameter of the round through hole 1 (9-2) is the same as the outer diameter of the acrylic capillary (10); the round through hole 2 (9-3) is used to insert a conical plug (13), and the contact surface of the door-shaped frame (9-4) and the disc 1 (9-1) is fixed by gluing; the bottom surface of the top cover (9) is connected to the acrylic capillary (10) The top surfaces of the acrylic cylinder (6) are aligned and then sealed firmly with glue; a matching bolt (11) is screwed into the nut (9-5), and then the bolt (11) is used to tighten the conical plug (13) to plug the second round hole (9-3); a limit nut (12) is screwed on the bolt (11) to limit the position of the bolt (11); one limit nut (12) should be provided on the bolt (11) and on both sides of the nut (9-5); the acrylic tube (10) is inserted into the first round hole (9-2) to a certain depth, and then the gap between the two is sealed with glue.

3. The constant water pressure compact permeability tester for in-situ testing of soil permeability according to claim 2, characterized in that: The comprehensive action frame (14) comprises a long cross beam 1 (14-1), a long cross beam 2 (14-2), a top cross beam (14-3), vertical legs (14-4), a lateral cross beam (14-5) and an anchor floor (14-6); The long cross beam 1 (14-1) and the long cross beam 2 (14-2) are connected by a plurality of top cross beams (14-3); vertical legs (14-4) are provided below the ends of the long cross beam 1 (14-1) and the long cross beam 2 (14-2); and two vertical legs (14-4) on one side are connected by a plurality of lateral cross beams (14-5); an anchor floor (14-6) is provided on the outer side of the lower end of each vertical leg (14-4); an upper long cross beam 2 arc groove (14-2-1) is provided on one side of the long cross beam 2 (14-2) for straightening and fixing the acrylic cylinder (6); and a round through hole (14-6-1) is provided on the anchor floor (14-6) for passing a nail body (15-2) to fix it to the ground.

4. The constant water pressure compact permeability tester for in-situ soil permeability testing according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The invention also comprises a steel cylinder top cover (16), wherein the steel cylinder top cover (16) comprises a circular ring disk (16-1) and a second circular disk (16-2). The inner diameter of the circular ring disk (16-1) is larger than the outer diameter of the steel cylinder with tough feet (2). The steel cylinder with tough feet (2) can be covered on the top of the steel cylinder with tough feet (2) and then driven into the soil body (1) to a certain depth by hammering.

5. The compact permeability tester with constant water pressure structure for in-situ testing of soil permeability according to claim 4, characterized in that: A ruler (7) is posted on the outer wall of the acrylic cylindrical tube (6), and the ruler (7) is used to judge the height of the water level inside the acrylic cylindrical tube (6).

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