Anti-deflagration shell of battery pack and new energy automobile battery pack

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery pack anti-deflagration shell and a new energy automobile battery pack, which belong to the field of battery packs and comprise a shell, a frame and an anti-explosion valve, the inner wall of the shell is coated with a ceramic silicone rubber coating; the frame body is arranged in the shell, the two surfaces of the side wall of the frame body are coated with ceramic silicone rubber coatings, a cavity is defined by the side wall of the frame body and the inner wall of the shell, at least one weak part is arranged at the top of the side wall of the frame body, and the weak part is torn under pressure and enables the cavity to be communicated with the interior of the frame body; the anti-explosion valve is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the shell and used for releasing pressure in the cavity. The cavity is defined by the frame body and the shell, so that when a fire explosion condition occurs in the battery pack, the internal pressure of the battery pack can crush the weak part due to fire rise, and gas generated by combustion enters the cavity so as to reduce the internal pressure of the battery pack, and meanwhile, coatings on the two side wall surfaces of the frame body and the inner wall surface of the shell are hardened at a high temperature, so that the internal pressure of the battery pack is reduced. The shell and the frame body can be prevented from being deformed, and the heat insulation and flame retardance effects can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of battery packs, in particular to an explosion-proof shell of a battery pack and a battery pack for a new energy vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Due to the chemical composition and physical properties of chemical batteries, when used as new energy vehicle batteries, they are prone to explosion and fire in the presence of high temperature or short circuit, leading to vehicle burning and casualties. Currently, from the perspective of battery chemical elements and battery structure, it is still impossible to completely solve the problem of battery fire and explosion caused by high temperature or short circuit. In order to prevent the battery from exploding and causing the vehicle to burn, the battery pack will be designed to have anti-combustion capabilities.

[0003] Chinese patent CN110406395A discloses an explosion-proof battery pack for electric vehicles, including a shell, a closing plate, a flame retardant box, and an air pump. A plurality of groups of spacers are arranged between the shell and the battery to leave a gap between the battery and the shell. A temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the shell. When the temperature exceeds the calibration temperature, the air pump can be started to spray the flame retardant material stored in the flame retardant box through the through-hole. The opening of the shell is closed and opened by the closing plate, thereby actively preventing explosions caused by accidents.

[0004] However, the battery casing and the battery pack casing are mostly made of technical materials. Since the battery explodes very quickly, the ambient temperature and pressure inside the battery pack will rise rapidly. Even if the fire is quickly prevented from burning through the battery through active or passive flame retardant means to avoid the explosion, the battery pack casing will still be deformed due to the rapidly rising temperature and rapidly increasing internal pressure, resulting in high cost for new energy electric vehicle maintenance, which requires replacing the entire battery pack. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the utility model proposes a battery pack explosion-proof shell and a new energy vehicle battery pack, which are used to solve the problem that battery explosion may cause the battery pack shell to deform due to rapidly rising temperature and rapidly increasing internal pressure.

[0006] The technical solution of the utility model is achieved as follows: the utility model provides an explosion-proof shell of a battery pack, including a shell, a frame and an explosion-proof valve; a ceramic silicone rubber coating is coated on the inner wall of the shell; the frame is arranged in the shell, and both sides of the side walls of the frame are coated with a ceramic silicone rubber coating, a cavity is surrounded by the side walls of the frame and the inner walls of the shell, and at least one weak part is arranged on the top of the side walls of the frame, the weak part is torn under pressure and connects the cavity with the inside of the frame; the explosion-proof valve is arranged at the bottom of the side walls of the shell, and the explosion-proof valve is used to release the pressure in the cavity.

[0007] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, a support member is further included; the support member is arranged in the cavity, and two side surfaces of the support member facing the frame side wall and the shell inner wall are respectively abutted against the frame side wall and the shell inner wall.

[0008] Further preferably, the supporting member includes a horizontal plate and a vertical plate; the horizontal plate extends horizontally, and the two sides of the horizontal plate in the extension direction respectively abut the side walls of the frame and the inner walls of the shell, and a number of horizontal plates are arranged in the cavity at intervals along the vertical direction; a number of vertical plates are arranged between two adjacent horizontal plates and form a row, each vertical plate extends vertically and has two ends respectively connected to two horizontal plates, and the two sides of the vertical plate in the extension direction also respectively abut the side walls of the frame and the inner walls of the shell; the horizontal plate and the vertical plate divide the cavity into a number of cavity units, and a number of windows are opened on the horizontal plate and the vertical plate, and the windows are connected between adjacent cavity units.

[0009] More preferably, the support member further includes reinforcing ribs, and the reinforcing ribs are arranged in the window.

[0010] More preferably, two adjacent rows of vertical boards are staggered.

[0011] More preferably, portions of the frame side walls located in each cavity unit are provided with weak portions.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the shell includes a box body and a top cover; the frame body is arranged in the box body, and a cavity is formed between the side wall of the frame body and the inner wall of the box body; the top cover is arranged on the box body, and the end face of the top cover facing the box body is simultaneously in contact with the top edge of the box body and the top of the frame body.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, it also includes a mica lining layer, which is arranged in the shell, and the mica lining layer is laid on the inner walls of the four side walls of the frame, the top inner wall surface of the shell, and the bottom inner wall surface of the shell.

[0014] More preferably, the support member is made of foamed ceramic material.

[0015] On the other hand, the utility model also provides a new energy vehicle battery pack, which adopts the above-mentioned battery pack explosion-proof casing.

[0016] The battery pack explosion-proof shell and new energy vehicle battery pack of the utility model have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0017] (1) The utility model forms a cavity by means of the frame and the shell. When an explosion occurs in the battery pack, the internal pressure of the battery pack can increase due to the fire and break through the weak part, allowing the gas generated by the combustion to enter the cavity and reduce the internal pressure of the battery pack. At the same time, the coating on the two side walls of the frame and the inner wall of the shell is hardened at high temperature, which can not only prevent the shell and the frame from being deformed, but also play a role in heat insulation and flame retardancy.

[0018] (2) The utility model sets a support member between the frame and the shell, thereby effectively supporting and strengthening the structure of the cavity, further improving the resistance of the shell and the frame to high-temperature thermal deformation, and at the same time enabling the cavity to effectively contain the explosive gas to reduce the internal pressure of the shell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of the explosion-proof shell of the battery pack of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 For the utility model Figure 1 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a partial side sectional view of the explosion-proof casing of the battery pack of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. shell; 11. box body; 12. top cover; 101. cavity; 102. cavity unit; 2. frame; 201. weak part; 3. explosion-proof valve; 4. ceramic silicone rubber coating; 5. support; 51. horizontal plate; 52. vertical plate; 53. reinforcing rib; 501. window; 6. mica lining. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the implementation of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the implementation of the utility model. Obviously, the described implementation is only a part of the implementation of the utility model, not all of the implementations. Based on the implementation of the utility model, all other implementations obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, a battery pack explosion-proof casing of the utility model includes a shell 1, a frame 2 and an explosion-proof valve 3.

[0026] The housing 1 is made of metal material, and a ceramic silicone rubber coating 4 is coated on the inner wall of the housing 1. Several batteries are tightly loaded in the housing 1. A BMS system is usually installed in the housing 1 to monitor and manage the batteries, and an active fire protection system is also installed to prevent explosions and fires inside the housing 1. The outer surface of the housing 1 can be made of corrugated panels to increase the heat dissipation area.

[0027] The frame 2 is arranged in the shell 1. The frame 2 is also made of metal material. The frame 2 is a square structure surrounded by four vertical plates, and its bottom is usually welded to the bottom surface of the shell 1. The side walls of the frame 2 are coated with ceramic silicone rubber coating 4 on both sides. The ceramic silicone rubber material is a new type of polymer refractory material. The residue after burning is a hard ceramic hard shell. The hard shell does not melt and does not drip in a fire environment. At a temperature of 950℃-1000℃, it is exposed to fire for 90 minutes and cooled for 15 minutes. The ceramic silicone rubber coating 4 will sinter into a ceramic heat insulation protective layer at high temperature to prevent the high temperature from melting the metal shell 1, thereby avoiding the danger of igniting the car. The side wall of the frame 2 and the inner wall of the shell 1 form a cavity 101. The top of the side wall of the frame 2 is provided with at least one weak part 201. The weak part 201 is torn under pressure and connects the cavity 101 with the inside of the frame 2.

[0028] The explosion-proof valve 3 is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the housing 1 , and the explosion-proof valve 3 is used to release the pressure in the cavity 101 .

[0029] The explosion-proof and flame-retardant principle of the above technical solution is that when an explosion fire occurs, the ceramic silicone rubber coating 4 on the inner wall of the shell 1 and the two side walls of the frame 2 will harden at high temperature, and the ceramic hardened shell structure formed can not only play a heat-insulating and flame-retardant effect, but also when the internal pressure of the battery pack increases due to high temperature and combustion gas, the internal pressure will squeeze and tear the weak part 201, so that the combustion gas enters the cavity 101, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the battery pack and leading away some of the combustion materials and combustion products to avoid further intensification of the fire in the battery pack; as the gas in the cavity 101 gradually increases and the pressure gradually increases, the explosion-proof valve 3 will explode and exhaust and release pressure. It should be noted that in order to allow the weak part 201 to tear normally under the action of pressure, the ceramic silicone rubber coating 4 will not be coated on the surface of the weak part 201 on the frame 2.

[0030] exist Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown, since the frame 2 is made of metal material and a cavity 101 is formed by a gap between the side panel of the frame 2 and the side panel of the shell 1, a support member 5 is also included to strengthen the structural strength of the cavity 101 and to prevent the cavity 101 from deforming during normal use of the battery pack.

[0031] Among them, the support member 5 is arranged in the cavity 101, and the two side surfaces of the support member 5 facing the side wall of the frame 2 and the inner wall of the shell 1 are respectively abutted against the side wall of the frame 2 and the inner wall of the shell 1, so that the support member 5 plays a role in supporting the structure of the cavity 101 and limiting the change of the thickness of the cavity 101.

[0032] exist Figure 2In a preferred embodiment shown, specifically, the support member 5 cannot occupy a large space of the cavity 101 , and the support member 5 also needs a strong structural strength, so the support member 5 includes a horizontal plate 51 and a vertical plate 52 .

[0033] The transverse plate 51 extends horizontally, and both sides of the transverse plate 51 in the extending direction respectively abut against the side wall of the frame 2 and the inner wall of the shell 1 . A plurality of transverse plates 51 are arranged in the cavity 101 at intervals along the vertical direction.

[0034] A plurality of vertical plates 52 are arranged between two adjacent horizontal plates 51 to form a row. Each vertical plate 52 extends vertically and has two ends connected to two horizontal plates 51 . Both sides of the vertical plates 52 in the extending direction also abut against the side wall of the frame 2 and the inner wall of the shell 1 .

[0035] Thus, the horizontal plate 51 and the vertical plate 52 divide the cavity 101 into a plurality of cavity units 102. In order to keep the internal space of the cavity 101 as a whole connected, a plurality of windows 501 are provided on the horizontal plate 51 and the vertical plate 52. The windows 501 connect adjacent cavity units 102. The shape of the windows 501 is not limited, and is usually round or square.

[0036] exist Figure 2 In a preferred embodiment shown, the support member 5 further includes a reinforcing rib 53 , which is disposed in the window 501 , and can further enhance the structural strength of the support member 5 and prevent the support member 5 from being deformed due to impact or other factors.

[0037] exist Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown, specifically, two adjacent rows of vertical plates 52 are staggered, which can not only improve the structural strength of the support member 5, but also enable the gas entering the cavity 101 to diffuse more quickly in all directions inside the cavity 101 and fill every corner of the cavity 101.

[0038] exist Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment shown, the side wall of the frame 2 located at each cavity unit 102 is provided with a weak portion 201 , which can increase the speed at which the explosion gas generated inside the shell 1 enters the cavity 101 .

[0039] exist Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment shown, when the housing 1 is assembled, the housing 1 includes a box body 11 and a top cover 12 .

[0040] The box body 11 is used to load batteries. The frame body 2 is disposed in the box body 11 , and a cavity 101 is formed between the side wall of the frame body 2 and the inner wall of the box body 11 .

[0041] The top cover 12 is disposed on the box body 11. The bottom edge of the top cover 12 usually has an outer flange. The outer flange of the top cover 12 faces the end surface of the box body 11 and abuts against the top edge of the box body 11 and the top of the frame 2. The box body 11 and the top cover 12 are usually fixedly connected to form a sealed shell 1 by welding.

[0042] exist Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment shown, in order to further improve the explosion-proof and flame-retardant performance of the battery pack, a mica lining layer 6 is also included.

[0043] Among them, the mica lining layer 6 is arranged in the shell 1, and the mica lining layer 6 is laid on the inner walls of the four side walls of the frame 2, the inner wall surface of the top of the shell 1 and the inner wall surface of the bottom of the shell 1. Mica has the chemical and physical properties of light weight, fire resistance, high temperature resistance and insulation. It can be used in the shell 1 to not only insulate and prevent short circuit leakage, but also to prevent the shell 1 and the frame 2 from burning after the battery gets out of control and catches fire. Therefore, the mica lining layer 6 is the first protective measure before the ceramic silicone rubber coating 4 takes effect.

[0044] exist Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown, in order to reduce the weight of the battery pack and reduce the production cost, the support member 5 is made of foamed ceramic material. Foamed ceramic is a green and environmentally friendly high-porosity closed-cell ceramic material made of clay tailings, ceramic fragments, river silt, and ceramic solid waste as the main raw materials, which is ball-milled into stone powder and then added with inorganic foaming agent, and is made by wet or dry method, formed by cloth, and then calcined at 1200℃ for 10 hours. It has the advantages of light weight, high strength, fireproof, waterproof and moisture-proof, thermal insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction, green and environmental protection, stable performance, good weather resistance, etc.

[0045] exist Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown, a new energy vehicle battery pack of the utility model adopts the explosion-proof shell of the battery pack of any of the above embodiments. In addition, an amplifying and cooling flame suppressor can be installed at the outer end of the explosion-proof valve 3. The working principle and structure of the amplifying and cooling flame suppressor are similar to those of the silencer exhaust pipe of a car. Its shape is flat and has corrugated heat dissipation. The inner wall is also sprayed with a ceramic silicone rubber coating 4 and a mica insulation layer. An asbestos fireproof insulation layer is attached to the outer shell. The 2-3 level amplification principle is adopted to make the high-temperature flame generated by the battery explosion be safely discharged from both sides and the bottom of the car after multi-stage amplification and cooling by the amplifying and cooling flame suppressor.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack explosion-proof casing, characterized in that: It comprises a shell (1), a frame (2) and an explosion-proof valve (3); The inner wall of the housing (1) is coated with a ceramic silicone rubber coating (4); The frame (2) is arranged in the shell (1), and both sides of the side wall of the frame (2) are coated with a ceramic silicone rubber coating (4). A cavity (101) is formed between the side wall of the frame (2) and the inner wall of the shell (1). At least one weak portion (201) is arranged on the top of the side wall of the frame (2), and the weak portion (201) is torn under pressure to connect the cavity (101) with the inside of the frame (2); The explosion-proof valve (3) is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the housing (1), and the explosion-proof valve (3) is used to release the pressure in the cavity (101).

2. The explosion-proof shell of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a support member (5); The support member (5) is arranged in the cavity (101), and two side surfaces of the support member (5) facing the side wall of the frame (2) and the inner wall of the shell (1) are respectively in contact with the side wall of the frame (2) and the inner wall of the shell (1).

3. The explosion-proof shell of a battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support member (5) comprises a horizontal plate (51) and a vertical plate (52); The transverse plate (51) extends horizontally, and the two sides of the transverse plate (51) in the extension direction respectively abut against the side wall of the frame (2) and the inner wall of the shell (1), and a plurality of the transverse plates (51) are arranged in the cavity (101) at intervals along the vertical direction; A plurality of the vertical plates (52) are arranged at intervals between two adjacent horizontal plates (51) to form a row, each of the vertical plates (52) extends vertically and has two ends respectively connected to two horizontal plates (51), and both sides of the vertical plates (52) in the extending direction also respectively abut against the side wall of the frame (2) and the inner wall of the shell (1); The transverse plate (51) and the vertical plate (52) divide the cavity (101) into a plurality of cavity units (102). The transverse plate (51) and the vertical plate (52) are each provided with a plurality of windows (501), and the windows (501) are connected between adjacent cavity units (102).

4. The explosion-proof shell of a battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support member (5) further comprises a reinforcing rib (53), wherein the reinforcing rib (53) is arranged in the window (501).

5. The explosion-proof shell of a battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical boards (52) in two adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner.

6. The explosion-proof shell of a battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: Parts of the side walls of the frame body (2) located in each cavity unit (102) are provided with weak parts (201).

7. The explosion-proof shell of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1) comprises a box body (11) and a top cover (12); The frame body (2) is arranged in the box body (11), and a cavity (101) is formed between the side wall of the frame body (2) and the inner wall of the box body (11); The top cover (12) is arranged on the box body (11), and the end surface of the top cover (12) facing the box body (11) is in contact with the top edge of the box body (11) and the top of the frame (2).

8. The explosion-proof shell of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a mica lining layer (6), which is arranged in the shell (1), and the mica lining layer (6) is laid on the inner walls of the four side walls of the frame (2), the inner wall surface of the top of the shell (1), and the inner wall surface of the bottom of the shell (1).

9. The explosion-proof shell of a battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support member (5) is made of foamed ceramic material.

10. A new energy vehicle battery pack, characterized in that: A battery pack explosion-proof casing according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used.

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