Engine model circuit and engine model with same

Abstract

The utility model discloses an engine model circuit and an engine model with the same, and the engine model circuit comprises a logic control circuit. The voltage stabilizing circuit, the key potential input circuit, the linear speed and angle detection circuit, the magnetic pole detection circuit, the battery model circuit, the electric lamp model circuit, the working state indicating lamp circuit, the rotor marquee light bar circuit, the power transmission marquee light bar circuit and the motor control circuit are respectively connected with the logic control circuit. The engine model includes an engine model circuit. According to the engine model circuit, the differential Hall magnetic sensor is adopted to detect the rotating speed and the angle of the coil, the scheme is non-contact detection, friction loss is avoided, the service life is long, the reliability is high, and the engine model circuit has the advantages of being simple in structure, sensitive in detection and high in resolution ratio. The rotation angle, direction and speed of the coil can be measured by using one component, and measurement can be realized at any rotation angle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engines, in particular to an engine model circuit and an engine model with the circuit. Background Art

[0002] As an important tool to assist teaching, teaching equipment has received more and more attention from the education community recently. While some traditional instruments are widely used, some new teaching instruments have also emerged. With the development of science and technology, teaching instruments are gradually developing in the direction of convenience, intelligence, and practicality. The visualization of physical changes is one of the important development directions.

[0003] Most of the motor generator models currently sold on the market are based on traditional designs and can only sense current through changes in the brightness of light bulbs. Although there are occasional model designs based on flowing lights that can demonstrate current changes, there are problems such as complex implementation, high failure rate, low control accuracy, and design redundancy.

[0004] Although there are some physical models on the market that can demonstrate the working principles of motors and generators, such teaching models usually have the following problems:

[0005] 1. It is not as vivid as video animation, and it is difficult to show students the changing process of corresponding physical phenomena intuitively.

[0006] 2. Most models cannot switch modes directly, and it is troublesome to change working modes and inconvenient to operate.

[0007] 3. The working mode is single, and there are few models that integrate motor and generator at the same time.

[0008] Therefore, existing engine models need to be improved. Utility Model Content

[0009] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an engine model circuit and an engine model with the circuit. The purposes of designing the engine model circuit are: first, to demonstrate the direction of current by emitting light from a light bar, so as to better help students understand the working principles of motors and generators; second, to simplify the operation and facilitate demonstration.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model is implemented by the following scheme: an engine model circuit of the utility model includes:

[0011] A voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to an external power source or a battery and has a switching regulator. The power source connected by the external power source or the battery is converted by the switching regulator to generate a regulated power source.

[0012] A logic control circuit having an MCU;

[0013] A key potential input circuit electrically connected to the MCU, wherein the key potential input circuit is provided with a key and a potentiometer, and the motor operation mode is changed and the motor start and stop are controlled by the key, and the motor speed is adjusted by the potentiometer;

[0014] A linear speed and angle detection circuit electrically connected to the MCU, wherein a differential Hall magnetic sensor is electrically connected to the linear speed and angle detection circuit, and the coil speed, angle, and rotation direction of the motor are detected by the differential Hall magnetic sensor;

[0015] A magnetic pole detection circuit electrically connected to the MCU, wherein the magnetic pole detection circuit is provided with a Hall sensor for detecting the installation directions of the N-pole magnet and the S-pole magnet;

[0016] A model detection circuit electrically connected to the MCU, the model detection circuit comprising a battery model circuit and a lamp model circuit;

[0017] A rotor marquee light strip circuit electrically connected to the MCU via a rotating electrical interface;

[0018] A power transmission marquee light strip circuit electrically connected to the MCU;

[0019] A motor control circuit electrically connected to the MCU.

[0020] Furthermore, the engine model circuit also includes a working status indicator light circuit electrically connected to the MCU.

[0021] Furthermore, the rotary electrical interface adopts an electrical connection structure of a conductive slip ring.

[0022] Furthermore, the voltage stabilizing circuit has two outputs, the first output circuit outputs a first voltage after filtering, and the second output circuit outputs a second voltage through a step-down circuit.

[0023] Furthermore, a switching integrated voltage regulator is connected in the second output circuit.

[0024] Furthermore, the MCU is a single chip microcomputer, which is electrically connected to the LED drive interface, the motor drive interface and the model contacts.

[0025] The utility model provides an engine model with an engine model circuit, the engine model comprising:

[0026] Support base plate;

[0027] A bracket group, comprising two brackets fixed on the upper surface of the supporting bottom plate opposite to each other, a motor fixed on the upper end of one of the brackets, and a conductive slip ring fixed on the upper end of the other bracket;

[0028] A first rectangular lamp tube is rotatably mounted on the bracket assembly, a first end of which is connected to the driving shaft of the motor, and a second end of which is connected to the conductive slip ring, and a first light bar is arranged inside the first rectangular lamp tube along the pipe direction;

[0029] A Z-shaped hand crank connected to the second end of the first rectangular lamp tube;

[0030] Two magnetic field models are fixed on the supporting bottom plate opposite to each other and are located on both sides of the first rectangular lamp tube. The opposite sides of the two magnetic field models are set as arc surfaces. The first rectangular lamp tube can rotate in the space between the two magnetic field models.

[0031] A second rectangular light tube is fixed to the upper surface of the supporting bottom plate, and a second light strip is arranged inside the second rectangular light tube in the direction of the tube;

[0032] The second magnetic field model is fixed on the supporting bottom plate. The second magnetic field model is provided with through holes penetrating two ends. The second rectangular lamp tube passes through the second magnetic field model.

[0033] Furthermore, a hole is provided on the motor seat of the motor for the first end of the first rectangular lamp tube to enter, a first contact point is provided at the hole, a second contact point that can be electrically connected to the first contact point is provided at the first end of the first rectangular lamp tube, the second contact point is electrically connected to the first light bar, and the first contact point is connected to the second light bar through a line;

[0034] A third contact point is disposed at the second end of the first rectangular lamp tube, the third contact point is electrically connected to the conductive slip ring in abutting manner, the first light bar is electrically connected to the third contact point, and the conductive slip ring is electrically connected to the MCU.

[0035] Furthermore, a battery model with contacts and a lamp model with contacts are provided in the hole.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0037] 1. The engine model circuit of the utility model adopts a differential Hall magnetic sensor to detect the rotation speed and angle of the coil. This solution is contactless detection, has no friction loss, long life, high reliability, simple structure, sensitive detection, and high resolution. The coil rotation angle, direction, and speed can be measured using one component, and any rotation angle can be measured.

[0038] 2. The engine model circuit of the utility model adopts a Hall sensor to detect the installation direction of the magnet, abandoning the traditional mechanical button or contact detection method. There is no direct contact, friction loss, poor contact and other problems, and it has higher reliability.

[0039] 3. The engine model circuit of the utility model can automatically enter the motor or engine mode through different handshake signals of the electric lamp model and the magnet model, which is more convenient to use.

[0040] 4. The engine model of the utility model only needs one conductive slip ring to realize the electrical connection between the rotating part and the fixed part.

[0041] 5. The engine model of the utility model has a lighting effect, can demonstrate the flow of current, and has a simple structure. The engine model solves the problem of free operation, simplifies the operation, and can also vividly demonstrate the teaching content, allowing students to learn more intuitively. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 This is a principle block diagram of the engine model circuit of the utility model.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a principle block diagram of the voltage stabilizing circuit of the utility model.

[0044] Figure 3 This is the voltage stabilizing circuit diagram of the utility model.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a principle block diagram of the utility model in which the MCU is connected to the light driver, the motor driver interface, and the model contacts.

[0046] Figure 5-7 This is the general diagram of the MCU circuit control of the utility model.

[0047] Figure 8 This is the key potential input circuit diagram of the utility model.

[0048] Fig. 9 This is the installation structure diagram of the magnet, magnetic angle IC, and circuit board of the utility model.

[0049] Fig.10 This is the circuit diagram of the linear speed and angle detection of the utility model.

[0050] Fig.11 This is the installation structure diagram of the magnet and Hall of the utility model.

[0051] Fig.12 This is the magnetic pole detection circuit diagram of the utility model.

[0052] Fig.13 The utility model is a circuit diagram of a model stand, a lamp model and a battery model.

[0053] Fig.14 The utility model is a circuit diagram of a battery model and an electric lamp model.

[0054] Fig.15This is the circuit diagram of the working status indicator light of the utility model.

[0055] Fig.16 The utility model is a wiring diagram of the conductive slip ring circuit connection.

[0056] Fig.17 This is the circuit diagram of the rotor marquee light bar of the utility model.

[0057] Fig.18 for Fig.17 A magnified diagram of the local circuit.

[0058] Fig.19 This is the circuit diagram of the power transmission marquee light bar of the utility model.

[0059] Fig. 20 for Fig.19 A magnified diagram of the local circuit.

[0060] Fig.21 This is the motor control circuit diagram of the utility model.

[0061] Fig. 22 This is a structural diagram of the engine model of the utility model.

[0062] Markings in the attached drawing: voltage stabilizing circuit 1, logic control circuit 2, key potential input circuit 3, linear speed and angle detection circuit 4, magnetic pole detection circuit 5, battery model circuit 6, electric lamp model circuit 7, working status indicator light circuit 8, rotor marquee light strip circuit 9, power transmission marquee light strip circuit 10, motor control circuit 11.

[0063] Support base plate 101 , Z-shaped hand crank 102 , first rectangular lamp tube 103 , magnetic field model 104 , motor 105 , second rectangular lamp tube 106 , second magnetic field model 107 , bracket 108 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model, so that the advantages and features of the utility model can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more explicit definition of the protection scope of the utility model. Obviously, the embodiments described in the utility model are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0065] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0066] Embodiment 1:

[0067] The specific structure of the utility model is as follows:

[0068] Please refer to the attached Figure 1-21 The utility model is an engine model circuit, comprising a voltage stabilizing circuit 1, a logic control circuit 2, a key potential input circuit 3, a linear speed and angle detection circuit 4, a magnetic pole detection circuit 5, a battery model circuit 6, an electric light model circuit 7, a working status indicator light circuit 8, a rotor marquee light strip circuit 9, a power transmission marquee light strip circuit 10, and a motor control circuit 11.

[0069] Figure 2-3 As shown, the voltage stabilizing circuit 1 is connected to an external power supply or a battery, and it has a switching regulator. The power connected by the external power supply or the battery is converted by the switching regulator to generate a regulated power supply. The voltage stabilizing circuit 1 will divide the external input 12V power supply into two parts, one of which is output to the 12V circuit after filtering, and the other part is converted to 5V voltage by the voltage stabilizing circuit and output to the 5V circuit; the 12V to 5V circuit adopts a switching integrated voltage regulator with high conversion efficiency to convert the external 12V input voltage into the 5V voltage required for the product to work. There are many options for suitable voltage regulators, taking XL4005 as an example. U2 is a switching voltage stabilizing chip, diode D2 prevents the power supply from being reversed and burning the product, capacitor C3 and capacitor C4 are input filter capacitors, capacitor C15, capacitor C16 are output filter capacitors, diode D5 is a freewheeling diode, inductor L2 is an energy storage inductor, resistor R3, resistor R8, capacitor C8 provide feedback voltage, and resistor R4 and capacitor C11 provide output enable signal.

[0070]

[0071] like Figure 4-7 As shown, the logic control circuit 2 has an MCU, which is a single-chip microcomputer. The model can be a chip of the STC15W408AS-35I-SOP28 model. The logic control circuit is a control circuit built with a single-chip microcomputer (MCU) as the main body, which is used for operation control. It includes a light drive, a motor drive interface, and a model contact. Figure 4 In the example, STC15W408AS-35I-SOP28 is taken as an example. U4 is a single-chip microcomputer, capacitor C19 and capacitor C20 are single-chip microcomputer filter capacitors, capacitor C21 is a motor drive filter capacitor, U5 is a motor drive interface, J3 and J4 are model contacts, resistors R29, R30, R39, and R48 are signal port protection resistors, and resistors R10, R13, and P-MOS transistor Q1 together constitute the light driver. The light driver uses P-MOS transistor Q1 to control the power on and off to achieve bulb control.

[0072] like Figure 8As shown, the key potential input circuit 3 is electrically connected to the MCU. The key potential input circuit 3 is provided with a key and a potentiometer. The motor operation mode is changed and the motor start and stop are controlled by the key, and the motor speed is adjusted by the potentiometer. The key adopts a self-resetting touch switch. There are multiple touch switches, and each touch switch circuit is basically the same. Take S1 as an example. Resistor R14 is a current limiting resistor, resistor R17 is an MCU port protection resistor, and capacitor C24 is a key debounce capacitor.

[0073] The potentiometer is used to change the MCU operating parameters. Figure 8 In the example, resistor R31 is a current limiting resistor and capacitor C28 is a debounce capacitor. The ADC acquisition voltage is:

[0074]

[0075] like Figure 9-10 As shown, the linear speed and angle detection circuit 4 is electrically connected to the MCU, and a differential Hall magnetic sensor is electrically connected to the linear speed and angle detection circuit 4, through which the coil speed, angle, and rotation direction of the motor are detected; the coil speed and angle detection adopts a magnetic angle sensor based on differential Hall, and the core of the circuit is composed of a magnet and a magnetic angle sensor (U10), as shown Figure 9-10 When the magnet rotates, U10 can sense the magnetic field component of the rotating magnet on the chip plane, and after signal processing, finally get the angle value. The speed and rotation direction can be judged by the rate of change of the angle value and the direction of angle increase or decrease. Since it is a non-contact detection, there is no wear in theory, so the service life will be longer. Fig.10 The chip U10 uses the AS5600 model chip, in which resistors R50 and R51 are protection resistors for the chip U10 pins, resistors R49 and R52 provide idle bias signals for I2C communication, and capacitors C150 and C151 are filter capacitors.

[0076] like Figure 11-12 As shown, the magnetic pole detection circuit 5 is electrically connected to the MCU, and a Hall sensor is provided in the magnetic pole detection circuit 5 to detect the installation direction of the N-pole magnet and the S-pole magnet; Fig.11 This is the installation method of Hall and magnet. Two magnets and four Hall switch sensors are used here. The two magnets are installed in a staggered manner on the two models. When the N-pole magnet model is installed on the first base and the S-pole magnet model is installed on the second base, magnet M1 will be detected by Hall U6, and magnet M2 will be detected by Hall U9. When the N-pole magnet model is installed on the second base and the S-pole magnet is installed on the first base, magnet M1 will be detected by Hall U8, and magnet M2 will be detected by Hall U7.

[0077] If neither Hall U6 nor Hall U7 detects the magnet, it means that the first base model is not properly plugged in or is missing. If neither Hall U8 nor Hall U9 detects the magnet, it means that the second base model is not properly plugged in or is missing. At that time, a prompt signal will be given through the MCU to facilitate operation. Fig.12 This is the Hall circuit diagram for detecting magnetic poles. U6, U7, U8, and U9 are Hall elements. Resistors R19, R20, R32, and R33 are pull-up resistors. Capacitors C22, C23, C26, and C27 are signal filter capacitors. The magnet model is a frequently disassembled component in the motor engine model. This is a non-contact detection based on Hall, so theoretically the circuit has no friction loss and a longer life.

[0078] like Figure 13-14 As shown, a model detection circuit electrically connected to the MCU includes a battery model circuit 6 and a light model circuit 7. In order to enhance the effect of the motor generator model demonstration, the utility model makes the light and the battery into two independent modules, which will be inserted into a fixed model seat, and determine whether the inserted light or battery is based on the handshake signal, thereby automatically entering the motor or generator mode.

[0079] Fig.13 The designs of model stand, electric light model and battery model were displayed.

[0080] The model holder is used to install the discharge lamp model or battery model. L1, L2, L3, L4, R1, R2, R3, R4 are the contacts of the model holder, among which L1 and R1, L2 and R2, L4 and R4 are electrically connected, L1 is connected to the MCU lamp driver, L2 is connected to GND, and L3, L4, R3 are connected to the MCU detection input.

[0081] There are 4 contacts on the lamp model. The lamp current flows in from contact 1, is limited by resistor R21, supplied to the lamp, and then returns from contact 2. Resistor R28 is a pull-down resistor, used to provide a handshake signal. When the lamp is connected to the model socket, the model socket L4 or R4 will connect to the lamp model contact 4, and the L4 or R4 signal will be pulled down from the idle high level to the low level, which can be used to determine that the lamp model is connected. Since the model socket is symmetrically designed, the lamp model can be inserted in either direction, which is more convenient to use.

[0082] The battery model also has 4 contacts, of which there is a pull-down resistor R11 between contacts 2 and 3. When the battery model is inserted into the model holder, if it is inserted in the forward direction, the model holder L3 will be pulled down from the normal high level to the low level, and if it is inserted in the reverse direction, R3 will be pulled down from the normal high level to the low level. From this, it can be determined that the battery model is inserted and the positive and negative directions of the insertion are known.

[0083] If there is no model inserted into the model seat or it is not inserted properly, L3, R3, L4, and R4 will lack handshake signals, and the MCU will give a prompt to troubleshoot the problem.

[0084] like Fig.15 As shown, the engine model circuit also includes a working status indicator light circuit 8 electrically connected to the MCU. The utility model uses LED as an indicator output to intuitively express the working status. Fig.15 The following is the corresponding circuit diagram. Since the microcontroller has a weak driving capability, a three-stage tube is used here to amplify the current before driving the LED.

[0085] like Figure 16-20 As shown, the rotor marquee light strip circuit 9 of the MCU is electrically connected via a rotating electrical interface; and the power transmission marquee light strip circuit 10 is electrically connected to the MCU.

[0086] In order to solve the problem of electrical connection of rotating parts, this design adopts slip ring structure, such as Fig.16 As shown. This component consists of a rotor and brushes. There are three copper rings on the rotor, which are connected to D1, D2, and D3 respectively. The copper rings are in contact with brushes, which are connected to I1, I2, and I3. The three groups of inputs are connected to +5V, GND, and DATA (light signal) respectively to control the rotor marquee light strip.

[0087] There are two types of marquee light bars. One is the rotor marquee light bar, which is mainly used to demonstrate the change of coil current. The other is the transmission light bar, which is mainly used to demonstrate the change of current in the transmission line. The designs of rotor light bars and transmission light bars are similar, and the main difference lies in the number of lights. Fig.13 It is the rotor marquee light strip circuit. Fig.17 It is a power transmission marquee light strip circuit.

[0088] The function of the capacitor is to filter and remove power interference. The lamp beads are RGB marquee lamp beads, designed in a "hand-in-hand" manner. Every time the signal passes through a lamp, 24 bits of data will be intercepted as the display signal, and the remaining signals will be passed backwards until all the lamp beads are lit.

[0089] like Fig.21 As shown, Fig.21 The motor control circuit 11 is electrically connected to the MCU. The motor provides driving force when used in the motor mode in the design. Compared with the deceleration DC motor, the stepper motor has high angle control accuracy and small resistance after power failure. With the angle measurement, the power supply can be cut off in time when a stall occurs, which is safer to use. The motor in the utility model adopts a stepper motor, and there are multiple options for the corresponding drive circuit.

[0090] A preferred technical solution of this embodiment: the rotating electrical interface adopts an electrical connection structure of a conductive slip ring.

[0091] A preferred technical solution of this embodiment: the voltage stabilizing circuit 1 has two outputs, the first output circuit outputs a first voltage after filtering, and the second output circuit outputs a second voltage through a step-down circuit.

[0092] A preferred technical solution of this embodiment: a switching integrated voltage regulator is connected in the second output circuit.

[0093] A preferred technical solution of this embodiment: the MCU is a single chip microcomputer, which is electrically connected to the LED drive interface, the motor drive interface and the model contacts.

[0094] Embodiment 2:

[0095] like Fig. 22 As shown, Fig. 22 It is a structural diagram of an engine model, including the engine model circuit of Example 1.

[0096] The engine model of the utility model comprises:

[0097] Supporting bottom plate 101;

[0098] A bracket group, including two brackets 108 fixed on the upper surface of the support base plate 101, a motor 105 fixed to the upper end of one of the brackets 108, and a conductive slip ring fixed to the upper end of the other bracket 108;

[0099] A first rectangular lamp tube 103 is rotatably mounted on the bracket assembly, a first end of which is connected to the driving shaft of the motor 105, and a second end of which is connected to the conductive slip ring. A first light bar is arranged inside the first rectangular lamp tube 103 along the pipe direction;

[0100] A Z-shaped hand crank 102 connected to the second end of the first rectangular lamp tube 103;

[0101] Two magnetic field models 104 are fixed on the supporting base plate 101 opposite to each other and are located on both sides of the first rectangular lamp tube 103. The opposite sides of the two magnetic field models 104 are set as arc surfaces. The first rectangular lamp tube 103 can rotate in the space between the two magnetic field models 104.

[0102] A second rectangular light tube 106 is fixed to the upper surface of the supporting base plate 101, and a second light strip is arranged inside the second rectangular light tube 106 along the pipe direction;

[0103] The second magnetic field model 107 is fixed on the supporting base plate 101 . The second magnetic field model 107 is provided with through holes penetrating two ends. The second rectangular lamp tube 106 passes through the second magnetic field model 107 .

[0104] A preferred technical solution of this embodiment: a hole is provided on the motor seat of the motor 105 for the first end of the first rectangular lamp tube 103 to enter, a first contact point is provided at the hole, a second contact point that can be electrically connected to the first contact point is provided at the first end of the first rectangular lamp tube 103, the second contact point is electrically connected to the first light bar, and the first contact point is connected to the second light bar through a line;

[0105] A third contact point is disposed at the second end of the first rectangular lamp tube 103 . The third contact point is electrically connected to the conductive slip ring in abutting manner. The first light bar is electrically connected to the third contact point. The conductive slip ring is electrically connected to the MCU.

[0106] A preferred technical solution of this embodiment: a battery model with contacts and a lamp model with contacts are provided in the hole.

[0107] Embodiment 3:

[0108] like Fig. 22 The following is an embodiment of the engine model structure diagram of the utility model:

[0109] The base design of the engine model of the utility model is mainly composed of a rectangular support bottom plate. Fig. 22 It can be seen that there is a power switch, a motor start / stop button, a mode switch button, five indicator lights, and a motor speed slider on the side of the bottom plate. The bottom plate has two symmetrical rectangular brackets, and both brackets have rectangular holes on the top. The left rectangular bracket is used to place the motor, and the right rectangular bracket is used to place the conductive slip ring. A light bar is placed in the middle rectangular lamp tube, and the light bar wire is connected to the external microcontroller through a conductive slip ring. There is a rectangular hole on the left side of the rectangular lamp tube connected to the lamp tube, which is used to place a battery model and a light model. There are contacts at both ends of the rectangular hole, and the battery model and the light model also have contacts. The contacts are used to identify whether the current mode is a motor mode or a generator mode. There is a transparent plastic tube between the motor and the conductive slip ring to support the rectangular lamp tube. A motor extension rod is fixed at the center of the other side of the conductive slip ring, and a motor shaft clamp is placed on the right end of the extension rod to clamp the Z-shaped rod. There is also a rectangular light tube next to the left bracket; there are two rectangular holes under the rectangular light tube for placing magnetic field models, and the two magnetic field models can be swapped. There is a magnet at the bottom of each of the two magnetic field models, which is used to identify the S pole and N pole when the magnetic field models are swapped.

[0110] The utility model has two modes, one is the motor mode and the other is the generator mode. The effects of these two modes are consistent with the actual DC motor and hand-cranked generator. In the motor mode, the power is turned on normally, the motor is in a stopped state, and the motor stop indicator light is on. Press the motor start button, the motor stop indicator light goes out, the motor start indicator light is on, and the motor starts to start; at this time, the lamp tube will start to rotate under the drive of the motor, and the light bar in the lamp tube will have a running light effect (simulating that the energized wire begins to move under the Lorentz magnetic force in the magnetic field, and the current condition is demonstrated through the light effect). The model changes the motor speed and the light effect flow rate through a motor speed adjustment slider. When the slider is slid to the left, the motor speed speed increases and the light bar flowing effect also increases; when the slider is slid to the right, the motor speed slows down and the light bar flowing effect also slows down (simulating the change of magnetic field strength or the change of current size to change the rotation speed of the coil). Whenever the rectangular lamp tube rotates to a horizontal position (parallel to the bottom plate), the light effect direction of the light bar in the lamp tube will change once (simulating that the commutator in the DC motor changes the direction of the coil current when the coil is in a balanced position). Swap the magnetic field models on both sides of the lamp tube, and the rotation direction of the lamp tube will change. If the positive and negative poles of the battery model are changed, the rotation direction of the lamp tube will also change (simulating the change of the magnetic field direction when the current direction remains unchanged or the change of the current direction when the magnetic field remains unchanged, and the direction of the coil will change). In the generator mode, power is turned on normally, and the speed of the lamp tube rotation is changed by a Z-shaped hand lever. The light bar in the lamp tube will change the speed of the light effect flow according to the speed of the lamp tube (simulating that the closed coil will generate induced electromotive force in the magnetic field and generate induced current). If the rotation direction of the lamp tube is changed, the light effect direction of the light bar in the lamp tube will also change. If the magnetic field models on both sides of the lamp tube are swapped, the light effect flow direction in the lamp tube will also change when the lamp tube is rotated (simulating that the induced current will change with the change of the magnetic field and the rotation direction of the coil). Stop rotating the hand lever and the light will go out in a short time.

[0111] When using the motor mode, the battery model needs to be placed in a rectangular hole on the left side of the center of the lamp tube. At this time, the working mode is switched to the motor mode, and the switch power supply supplies power to the stepper motor driver chip, LED soft light strip, single-chip microcomputer, and position sensor. Under normal power supply conditions, the motor will drive the rectangular lamp tube equipped with the light strip to rotate, and the light strip will have a light water effect. Slide the speed adjustment slider to the right, and the single-chip microcomputer will give the light strip and the motor an acceleration signal to accelerate the rotation of the lamp tube and accelerate the operation of the light effect; slide the speed adjustment slider to the left, and the single-chip microcomputer will give the light strip and the motor a deceleration signal to decelerate the rotation of the lamp tube and decelerate the operation of the light effect. The position of the coil can be determined by the rotation angle sensor. Whenever the lamp tube rotates to be perpendicular to the bottom plate, that is, the neutral plane position, the single-chip microcomputer will give the light strip a signal to change the direction of the light effect flow, so that the direction of the light effect changes. Exchanging the magnetic field models on both sides of the rectangular lamp tube can change the rotation direction of the lamp tube. The N-pole magnet model and the S-pole magnet model have magnets installed at the bottom. The installation directions of the N-pole and S-pole magnet models can be detected by the Hall element. When the magnet models are exchanged, the direction of the light effect in the lamp tube will change.

[0112] When using the generator mode, you need to take the battery model out of the rectangular hole and put the electric light model into the hole. At this time, the working mode is switched to the generator mode. The rectangular light tube is rotated by hand-cranking the Z-shaped rod. The microcontroller detects the rotation speed through the angle sensor. The faster the hand-cranked Z-shaped rod rotates, the brighter the light bar will be. The small bulb on the electric light model will also be brighter. If the rotation direction changes, the microcontroller will control the light bar to change the direction of the light effect. When the rotation stops, the light bar and the small bulb on the electric light model will go out in a short time.

[0113] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An engine model circuit, characterized in that: include: A voltage stabilizing circuit (1) is connected to an external power source or a battery and has a switching regulator. The power source connected to the external power source or the battery is converted by the switching regulator to generate a regulated power source. A logic control circuit (2), comprising an MCU; A key potential input circuit (3) electrically connected to the MCU, wherein a key and a potentiometer are provided in the key potential input circuit (3), and the motor operation mode is changed and the motor start and stop are controlled by pressing the key, and the motor speed is adjusted by the potentiometer; A linear speed and angle detection circuit (4) electrically connected to the MCU, wherein a differential Hall magnetic sensor is electrically connected to the linear speed and angle detection circuit (4), and the coil speed, angle, and rotation direction of the motor are detected by the differential Hall magnetic sensor; A magnetic pole detection circuit (5) electrically connected to the MCU, wherein the magnetic pole detection circuit (5) is provided with a Hall sensor for detecting the installation directions of the N-pole magnet and the S-pole magnet; A model detection circuit electrically connected to the MCU, the model detection circuit comprising a battery model circuit (6) and a lamp model circuit (7); A rotor marquee light strip circuit (9) electrically connected to the MCU via a rotating electrical interface; A power transmission marquee light strip circuit (10) electrically connected to the MCU; A motor control circuit (11) electrically connected to the MCU.

2. An engine model circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engine model circuit also includes a working status indicator light circuit (8) electrically connected to the MCU.

3. An engine model circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary electrical interface adopts an electrical connection structure of a conductive slip ring.

4. An engine model circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage stabilizing circuit (1) has two outputs, the first output circuit outputs a first voltage after filtering, and the second output circuit outputs a second voltage through a step-down circuit.

5. An engine model circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second output circuit is connected with a switch type integrated voltage regulator.

6. An engine model circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MCU is a single chip computer, which is electrically connected to the LED drive interface, the motor drive interface and the model contacts.

7. An engine model, characterized in that: The engine model circuit comprises the engine model circuit described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. The engine model according to claim 7, characterized in that: The engine model includes: A supporting base plate (101); A bracket group, comprising two brackets (108) fixedly disposed on the upper surface of the supporting base plate (101) relative to each other, a motor (105) fixed to the upper end of one of the brackets (108), and a conductive slip ring fixed to the upper end of the other bracket (108); A first rectangular lamp tube (103) is rotatably mounted on the bracket assembly, a first end of which is connected to the drive shaft of the motor (105), and a second end of which is connected to the conductive slip ring, and a first light bar is arranged inside the first rectangular lamp tube (103) in the direction of the pipe; A Z-shaped hand crank (102) connected to the second end of the first rectangular lamp tube (103); Two magnetic field models (104) are fixedly mounted on the supporting base plate (101) opposite to each other and are located on both sides of the first rectangular lamp tube (103); the opposite sides of the two magnetic field models (104) are configured as arc surfaces; and the first rectangular lamp tube (103) is rotatable in the space between the two magnetic field models (104); A second rectangular light tube (106) is fixedly attached to the upper surface of the supporting bottom plate (101), and a second light strip is arranged inside the second rectangular light tube (106) in the direction of the tube; The second magnetic field model (107) is fixed on the supporting base plate (101), the second magnetic field model (107) is provided with through holes penetrating two ends, and the second rectangular lamp tube (106) passes through the second magnetic field model (107).

9. The engine model according to claim 8, characterized in that: A hole is provided on the motor seat of the motor (105) for the first end of the first rectangular lamp tube (103) to enter, a first contact point is provided at the hole, a second contact point that can be electrically connected to the first contact point is provided at the first end of the first rectangular lamp tube (103), the second contact point is electrically connected to the first light bar, and the first contact point is connected to the second light bar via a line; A third contact point is provided at the second end of the first rectangular lamp tube (103); the third contact point is electrically connected to the conductive slip ring in abutting manner; the first light bar is electrically connected to the third contact point; and the conductive slip ring is electrically connected to the MCU.

10. The engine model according to claim 9, characterized in that: A battery model with contacts and an electric lamp model with contacts are arranged in the hole.

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