Array antenna

Abstract

The utility model discloses an array antenna, which is applied to fixed detection equipment and relates to the technical field of wireless communication. The array antenna comprises at least two antenna units which are arranged at intervals, the antenna units are annularly arranged, and the working frequency band of each antenna unit is 0.8-8 GHz. According to the scheme, the problem that an existing array antenna is large in size can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and specifically relates to an array antenna. Background Art

[0002] Drone detection technology requires comparing the parameters of the electromagnetic waves received by each antenna unit of the detection device to determine the direction of the electromagnetic waves and then the location of the emission source. The current method for determining the location of the emission source is mainly based on detection based on parameters such as time, phase, and amplitude. However, with the continuous improvement of modern communication technology, drones are constantly being updated, and the demand for higher-performance detection equipment is also increasing. In order to achieve accurate results in the detection of the azimuth, the antenna units of the detection equipment are generally arranged in a ring. The current antenna units mainly include dipole antennas, log-periodic antennas, Vivaldi antennas (also known as conical slot antennas (TSA)), etc.

[0003] In the prior art, in order to cover more frequency bands, it is usually necessary to use a combination of several different forms of antenna units to meet the requirements for the frequency bands. For example, the existing detection equipment includes an 840MHz serpentine narrowband antenna set at the top, a 1200MHz / 1500MHz / 2400MHz logarithmic periodic antenna or Vivaldi antenna set at the bottom, and a 5800MHz single-frequency logarithmic periodic antenna or Vivaldi antenna. In other words, the array antenna has two layers, which results in a larger volume of the entire array antenna, which takes up a larger space. Of course, the above problems also exist in other fixed detection equipment. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an array antenna, which is applied to fixed detection equipment and can solve the problem of the large size of the current array antenna.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0006] An embodiment of the present application provides an array antenna for use in a fixed detection device, comprising at least two antenna units spaced apart from each other, each of the antenna units being arranged in a ring shape, and each of the antenna units having an operating frequency band of 0.8 to 8 GHz.

[0007] In the embodiment of the present application, the operating frequency band of each antenna unit of the array antenna is 0.8~8GHz, that is, the electromagnetic waves radiated by each antenna unit can cover multiple frequency bands required for detection; at the same time, the antenna units are arranged in a ring shape, that is, the array antenna only needs to be arranged in one layer, thereby reducing the height of the array antenna, and then reducing the volume of the array antenna, so that it occupies a smaller space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the array antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the present application;

[0009] Figures 2 to 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present application at different viewing angles;

[0010] Figures 4 to 5 The directional diagrams of the antenna unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present application at different viewing angles when the frequency is 0.84 GHz;

[0011] Figure 6 to Figure 7 The directional diagrams of the antenna unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present application at different viewing angles when the frequency is 0.9 GHz;

[0012] Figures 8 to 9 The directional diagrams of the antenna unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present application at different viewing angles when the frequency is 1.5 GHz;

[0013] Figure 10 to Figure 11 The directional diagrams of the antenna unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present application at different viewing angles when the frequency is 2.4 GHz;

[0014] Figure 12 to Figure 13 The directional diagrams of the antenna unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present application at different viewing angles when the frequency is 5.8 GHz;

[0015] Figure 14 to Figure 15 The directional diagrams of the array antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the present application at different viewing angles when the frequency is 1.5 GHz;

[0016] Figure 16 to Figure 17 The directional diagrams of the array antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the present application at different viewing angles when the frequency is 2.4 GHz;

[0017] Figure 18 to Figure 19 The directional diagrams of the array antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the present application at different viewing angles when the frequency is 5.8 GHz.

[0018] Description of reference numerals:

[0019] 100-antenna unit, 110-substrate, 111-first surface, 112-second surface, 113-connecting hole, 120-radiator, 121-conical groove, 122-first radiating portion, 122a-feeding port, 122b-groove, 122c-first arc-shaped flange, 123-second radiating portion, 123a-second arc-shaped flange, 130-feed line, 131-first end, 132-second end, 140-director. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second", etc. are generally of one type, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims represents at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or" relationship.

[0022] The array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below through specific embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 19 As shown, an embodiment of the present application discloses an array antenna, which is applied to a fixed detection device. Optionally, the fixed detection device can be an unmanned aerial vehicle detection device, an ocean detection device, a vehicle-mounted detection device, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0024] The array antenna includes at least two antenna units 100 spaced apart from each other. Each antenna unit 100 is arranged in a ring shape. The operating frequency band of each antenna unit 100 is 0.8 to 8 GHz. In the horizontal plane where the array antenna is located, it radiates electromagnetic waves with a wider frequency band within a range of 360°, thereby performing comprehensive detection.

[0025] In the embodiment of the present application, the operating frequency band of each antenna unit 100 of the array antenna is 0.8-8 GHz, that is, the electromagnetic waves radiated by each antenna unit 100 can cover multiple frequency bands required for detection; at the same time, each antenna unit 100 is arranged in a ring, that is, the array antenna only needs to be arranged in one layer, thereby reducing the height of the array antenna, and then reducing the volume of the array antenna, so that it occupies a smaller space. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can solve the problem of the large volume of the current array antenna.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, each antenna unit 100 is a Vivaldi antenna, which has the characteristics of small size, wide bandwidth and high gain; in addition, multiple antenna units 100 are Vivaldi antennas, which are easy to manufacture and install. Optionally, each antenna unit 100 includes a substrate 110, a radiator 120 and a feeder 130, wherein the substrate 110 is provided with a coaxial end hole and a grounding through hole, and the coaxial end hole here is used to be electrically connected to the feed source, so as to transmit signals to the radiator 120. The substrate 110 has a first surface 111 and a second surface 112 arranged opposite to each other, and the radiator 120 is arranged on the first surface 111. The radiator 120 is provided with a conical groove 121 to divide the radiator 120 into a first radiating portion 122 and a second radiating portion 123. Optionally, the central axis of the conical groove 121 extends in a direction away from the central axis of the annular structure formed by each antenna unit 100, so that the electromagnetic wave is radiated to the side of the array antenna, thereby improving the coverage of the electromagnetic wave.

[0027] The first radiating portion 122 is provided with a feeding port 122a, which is electrically connected to the coaxial end hole, and the second radiating portion 123 is electrically connected to the grounding through hole. The feeding port 122a feeds electromagnetic energy into the radiator 120, and the electromagnetic energy is bound in the tapered slot 121 and radiates from the narrow end to the wide end of the tapered slot 121. Different positions of the tapered slot 121 radiate electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. The narrow end of the tapered slot 121 is used to radiate high-frequency signals, and the wide end of the tapered slot 121 is used to radiate low-frequency signals. Therefore, in the process of manufacturing the antenna unit 100, the sizes of the wide end and the narrow end of the tapered slot 121 need to be reasonably controlled to ensure that the electromagnetic waves work within the required specific frequency band.

[0028] The feed line 130 is arranged on the second surface 112, the first end 131 of the feed line 130 is electrically connected to the coaxial end hole, and the second end 132 of the feed line 130 is electrically connected to the ground through hole, so that the first radiating portion 122 is electrically connected to the second radiating portion 123 through the feed line 130, thereby forming a short circuit, so that the reflection coefficient of the end portion of the feed line 130 is reduced, the bandwidth of the antenna unit 100 is increased, and the backward current is reduced, and the backward magnetic field strength is correspondingly reduced, so as to reduce the coupling between adjacent antenna units 100, avoid obvious fission of the directional pattern of the array antenna, and thus improve the symmetry of the medium and high frequency antenna gain of the array antenna and the directional pattern of the corresponding frequency band. Of course, the feed line 130 can also be omitted, and a grounding layer can be arranged on the second surface 112, and the grounding layer can be electrically connected to the coaxial end hole so that the grounding layer is electrically connected to the radiator 120, and the backward magnetic field strength of the antenna unit 100 is relatively large.

[0029] It should be noted that, in the above solution, the first radiating portion 122 is electrically connected to the second radiating portion 123 via the feeder line 130 , and the second radiating portion 123 can be equivalent to a grounding body of the antenna unit 100 .

[0030] In an optional embodiment, each antenna unit 100 further includes a director 140, at least part of which is disposed in the conical slot 121. Since electromagnetic energy is transmitted in the conical slot 121, the director 140 guides and gathers the electromagnetic energy in the conical slot 121, so that the electromagnetic energy in the conical slot 121 is more concentrated, thereby increasing the mid-high frequency bandwidth and antenna gain of the antenna unit 100; in addition, the director 140 can also adjust the impedance matching performance of the antenna unit 100 to reduce the return loss of the antenna unit 100, thereby further improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit 100. Of course, the antenna unit 100 may not include the director 140.

[0031] Optionally, the shape of the director 140 can be a triangle, rectangle, etc. Since the edges of this structure have corners, the curvature varies greatly, which can easily cause a sudden change in the electromagnetic energy in the conical slot 121, resulting in poor stability of the radiated electromagnetic waves. Based on this, in another optional embodiment, the edge of the director 140 is an arc-shaped structure. At this time, the curvature of the edge of the director 140 varies less, which can make the electromagnetic energy in the conical slot 121 relatively stable during transmission, thereby improving the stability and uniformity of the radiated electromagnetic waves.

[0032] Optionally, the director 140 may be a circular structure, an elliptical structure, etc., and this embodiment of the present application does not impose any specific limitation on this.

[0033] Optionally, the size of the director 140 in the groove depth direction of the tapered groove 121 is greater than the size of the director 140 in the width direction of the tapered groove 121, that is, the director 140 is a strip structure and extends along the groove depth direction of the tapered groove 121. In this case, the director 140 can enhance the ability of guiding and gathering electromagnetic energy to further increase the mid-high frequency band width and antenna gain of the antenna unit 100; in addition, the director 140 with a strip structure is easy to arrange in the tapered groove 121. Of course, the size of the director 140 in the groove depth direction of the tapered groove 121 can also be less than or equal to the size of the director 140 in the width direction of the tapered groove 121.

[0034] Optionally, in an embodiment where the edge of the director 140 is an arc-shaped structure, the dimension of the director 140 in the depth direction of the conical groove 121 is greater than the dimension of the director 140 in the width direction of the conical groove 121, that is, the director 140 is an elliptical structure, which can not only improve the stability and uniformity of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the conical groove 121, but also increase the mid-high frequency band width and antenna gain of the antenna unit 100.

[0035] Optionally, the central axis of the director 140 and the central axis of the conical groove 121 can be staggered; or, in other embodiments, the central axis of the director 140 coincides with the central axis of the conical groove 121. At this time, the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit 100 have better symmetry and are symmetrically distributed, which is conducive to precise control of the directivity of the array antenna.

[0036] In another optional embodiment, the feeding port 122a is close to the narrow end of the tapered slot 121, so as to feed electromagnetic energy into the narrow end of the tapered slot 121, so that the electromagnetic energy in the tapered slot 121 is transmitted from its narrow end to the wide end. The director 140 is arranged at the wide end of the tapered slot 121, which not only facilitates the arrangement of the director 140, but also increases the volume of the director 140, thereby improving its ability to guide and gather electromagnetic energy, so as to further increase the mid-high frequency band width and gain of the antenna unit 100. Of course, the director 140 can also be arranged at the narrow end of the tapered slot 121. Since the gap at the narrow end is small, the volume of the director 140 needs to be set small enough. In this case, the effect of the director 140 is weaker.

[0037] Optionally, the director 140 can be located within the conical groove 121; or, part of the director 140 extends outside the conical groove 121. In this case, the size of the director 140 in the groove depth direction of the conical groove 121 can be increased, thereby further improving the guiding and focusing performance of the director 140 on electromagnetic energy, so that the electromagnetic waves radiated from the conical groove 121 are more concentrated, thereby improving the directivity of the antenna unit 100.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, the first radiating portion 122 and the second radiating portion 123 are both provided with a groove 122b. Optionally, the groove 122b may be a rectangular groove, a V-shaped groove, an arc-shaped groove, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. The groove 122b of the first radiating portion 122 can extend the current path inside the first radiating portion 122, and the groove 122b of the second radiating portion 123 can extend the current path inside the second radiating portion 123. At this time, the size of the radiator 120 can be reduced on the basis of the unchanged frequency band width; or, on the basis of the unchanged size of the radiator 120, the low-frequency bandwidth of the antenna unit 100 can be further widened, thereby improving the coverage of the antenna unit 100 in the low-frequency band. Of course, the first radiating portion 122 and the second radiating portion 123 may also not be provided with a groove 122b.

[0039] Optionally, the groove 122b can be opened on the inner wall of the conical groove 121; or, in other embodiments, the groove 122b of the first radiating portion 122 is located at the edge of the first radiating portion 122 away from the second radiating portion 123, and the groove 122b of the second radiating portion 123 is located at the edge of the second radiating portion 123 away from the first radiating portion 122, that is, the groove 122b is located on the edge of the radiator 120 away from the conical groove 121, so as to ensure that the inner wall of the conical groove 121 has good continuity, thereby improving the uniformity of the electromagnetic energy distribution and facilitating the opening of the groove 122b.

[0040] In a further optional embodiment, the number of grooves 122b can be one, or the number of grooves 122b is at least two, and the grooves 122b are arranged in sequence at intervals along the groove depth direction of the conical groove 121, that is, the edge of the first radiating portion 122 away from the second radiating portion 123 and the edge of the second radiating portion 123 away from the first radiating portion 122 are both comb-tooth structures, so as to further extend the current path inside the first radiating portion 122 and the current path inside the second radiating portion 123, thereby reducing the size of the antenna unit 100, and then reducing the volume of the entire array antenna, so that it occupies less space.

[0041] Optionally, the inner wall of the conical groove 121 can be an inclined linear structure; or, in other embodiments, the first radiating portion 122 is provided with a first arc-shaped flange 122c, and the second radiating portion 123 is provided with a second arc-shaped flange 123a, and the first arc-shaped flange 122c and the second arc-shaped flange 123a are arranged relative to each other to form the conical groove 121 mentioned above, that is, the inner wall of the conical groove 121 can be an arc-shaped flange structure, and the conical groove 121 is a trumpet-shaped structure, which is beneficial to enhance the binding ability of the electromagnetic energy in the conical groove 121, so that the electromagnetic energy in the conical groove 121 is more concentrated; in addition, the use of such a gradually deformed conical groove 121 can enhance the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna unit 100, so as to increase the gain of the antenna unit 100.

[0042] Optionally, in the extension direction from the narrow end of the tapered slot 121 to the wide end of the tapered slot 121 , the slot line of the tapered slot 121 may be exponentially gradual, so as to further improve the impedance matching performance of the antenna unit 100 .

[0043] In another optional embodiment, the first radiating portion 122 and the second radiating portion 123 are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the conical slot 121, that is, the shape of the first radiating portion 122 is the same as the shape of the second radiating portion 123, and the size of the first radiating portion 122 and the size of the second radiating portion 123 are equal. At this time, the entire radiator 120 is an axisymmetric structure, so that the electromagnetic energy transmitted in the conical slot 121 is symmetrically distributed, thereby improving the uniformity of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit 100, and then making the electromagnetic waves radiated by the entire array antenna in the horizontal plane where it is located more uniform and more comprehensive. Of course, the size of the first radiating portion 122 and the size of the second radiating portion 123 may also be unequal.

[0044] Optionally, the angle between the central axes of adjacent antenna units 100 may be less than 30°, in which case the coupling effect between adjacent antenna units 100 is more serious and they are prone to interfere with each other; or, the angle between the central axes of adjacent antenna units 100 may be greater than 40°, in which case gaps are likely to appear between the electromagnetic waves radiated by adjacent antenna units 100, resulting in incomplete coverage; based on this, in an optional embodiment, the angle between the central axes of adjacent antenna units 100 is 30 to 40°, in which case the coupling effect between adjacent antenna units 100 is weakened and they are not prone to interfere with each other, which can effectively avoid obvious fission of the radiation pattern of the array antenna, and gaps are not likely to appear between the electromagnetic waves radiated by adjacent antenna units 100. In the horizontal plane where the array antenna is located, the comprehensiveness and uniformity of electromagnetic wave coverage within a 360° range are good.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the central axis of the conical groove 121 of each antenna unit 100 may be perpendicular to the central axis of the ring structure formed by each antenna unit 100; or, in other embodiments, each antenna unit 100 is tilted upward relative to the central axis of the ring formed by each antenna unit 100, that is, the angle between the central axis of the conical groove 121 of each antenna unit 100 and the central axis of the ring structure formed by each antenna unit 100 is an acute angle. At this time, part of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the array antenna are radiated upward to expand the detection range.

[0046] Optionally, the array antenna further includes a bracket and a connector, each antenna unit 100 is disposed on the bracket, the substrate 110 of each antenna unit 100 is provided with a connecting hole 113, and the connector cooperates with the connecting hole 113 to fix the antenna unit 100 on the bracket.

[0047] Based on the antenna unit 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the length of the antenna unit 100 can be 248 mm, the width can be 126 mm, and the height can be 1.5 mm. Of course, the above values ​​can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0048] refer to Figures 4 to 13 Optionally, the antenna unit 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application has a gain greater than 4dBi in the 0.8-1.0GHz frequency band; a gain greater than 7dBi in the 1.0-2.4GHz frequency band; a gain greater than 10dBi in the 2.4-5GHz frequency band; and a gain greater than 12dBi in the 5.0-8.0GHz frequency band; and the directional patterns of the antenna unit 100 at the 1.5GHz, 2.4GHz, and 5.8GHz frequency points are all symmetrical structures.

[0049] In addition, Table 1 can be obtained according to the beam patterns of the antenna unit 100 at different frequencies.

[0050] Table 1

[0051] Antenna unit 0.84GHz 0.9GHz 1.5GHz 2.4GHz 5.8GHz Gain(dBi) 4.46 4.31 7.37 10.7 12.7 E-plane 3dB angle 134.1 137.1 88.4 65.7 68.8 H plane 3dB angle 59.6 63.8 47.9 47.9 22.2

[0052] It can be seen from Table 1 that the antenna gain of the antenna unit 100 at the frequency points of 0.84 GHz, 0.9 GHz, 1.5 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz is good.

[0053] refer to Figures 14 to 19 The antenna gain of the array antenna at 1.5GHz, 2.4GHz, and 5.8GHz frequencies is good, and the uniformity of the electromagnetic wave distribution within 360° is good.

[0054] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An array antenna, applied to a fixed detection device, characterized in that: It comprises at least two antenna units (100) arranged at intervals, each of the antenna units (100) being arranged in a ring shape, and each of the antenna units (100) having an operating frequency band of 0.8 to 8 GHz.

2. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the antenna units (100) is a Vivaldi antenna, and each of the antenna units (100) comprises: A substrate (110), wherein the substrate (110) is provided with a coaxial end hole and a grounding through hole, and the substrate (110) has a first surface (111) and a second surface (112) disposed opposite to each other; A radiator (120), the radiator (120) being arranged on the first surface (111), the radiator (120) being provided with a conical groove (121) so as to divide the radiator (120) into a first radiating portion (122) and a second radiating portion (123), the first radiating portion (122) being provided with a feeding port (122a), the feeding port (122a) being electrically connected to the coaxial end hole, and the second radiating portion (123) being electrically connected to the grounding through hole; A feeder (130), wherein the feeder (130) is disposed on the second surface (112), wherein a first end (131) of the feeder (130) is electrically connected to the coaxial end hole, and a second end (132) of the feeder (130) is electrically connected to the grounding through hole, so that the first radiating portion (122) is electrically connected to the second radiating portion (123) through the feeder (130).

3. The array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each antenna unit (100) further comprises a director (140), wherein the director (140) is arranged at the wide end of the tapered slot (121).

4. The array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The edge of the director (140) is an arc-shaped structure.

5. The array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dimension of the director (140) in the groove depth direction of the tapered groove (121) is greater than the dimension of the director (140) in the width direction of the tapered groove (121).

6. The array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The central axis of the director (140) coincides with the central axis of the tapered groove (121).

7. The array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The feeding port (122a) is close to the narrow end of the tapered slot (121), the director (140) is arranged at the wide end of the tapered slot (121), and part of the director (140) extends outside the tapered slot (121).

8. The array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first radiating portion (122) and the second radiating portion (123) are both provided with a groove (122b); the groove (122b) of the first radiating portion (122) is located at an edge of the first radiating portion (122) away from the second radiating portion (123); and the groove (122b) of the second radiating portion (123) is located at an edge of the second radiating portion (123) away from the first radiating portion (122).

9. The array antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The number of the grooves (122b) is at least two, and the grooves (122b) are arranged in sequence and at intervals along the groove depth direction of the tapered groove (121).

10. The array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first radiating portion (122) is provided with a first arc-shaped flange (122c), and the second radiating portion (123) is provided with a second arc-shaped flange (123a), and the first arc-shaped flange (122c) and the second arc-shaped flange (123a) are arranged opposite to each other to form the tapered groove (121).

11. The array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first radiating portion (122) and the second radiating portion (123) are symmetrically arranged about a central axis of the tapered slot (121).

12. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the central axes of adjacent antenna units (100) is 30-40 degrees.

13. The array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the antenna units (100) is arranged to be tilted upward relative to the central axis of the ring.

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