Waste heat recovery gasification system

Abstract

The utility model provides a waste heat recovery gasification system, including a combustion separation module, a waste heat boiler and a washing tower. The combustion separation module has a combustion chamber, a quenching chamber and a gas-liquid separation chamber. The combustion chamber is used to burn pulverized coal and generate superheated synthesis gas; a downcomer connected to the combustion chamber is provided in the quenching chamber to transport the superheated synthesis gas in the combustion chamber to the quenching chamber for cooling; the gas-liquid separation chamber performs gas-liquid separation on the hot synthesis gas formed after cooling, and the gas phase outlet is connected to the washing tower and the waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler is used to recover the heat of the gas phase heat flow flowing through it; the gas phase outlet of the waste heat boiler and the gas phase inlet of the washing tower are connected through a first pipeline, and the first pipeline passes through the quenching chamber and is partially coiled around the downcomer to heat the gas phase cold flow from the waste heat boiler to the washing tower through the superheated synthesis gas in the downcomer. This scheme is adopted to realize the auxiliary cooling of the superheated synthesis gas in the downcomer while realizing the reuse of the heat of the superheated synthesis gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of coal powder processing, in particular to a waste heat recovery gasification system. Background Art

[0002] The dry coal powder pressurization, downward quenching, membrane water-cooled wall gasification process technology has become the mainstream development direction of modern coal gasification technology due to its wide range of coal applications and undemanding requirements on coal ash content. The coal powder enters the combustion chamber through the coal powder pipeline through the main burner, reacts under the high temperature and high pressure conditions of the combustion chamber to generate superheated synthesis gas (about 1200℃) rich in H2 and CO, and the superheated synthesis gas and liquid slag leave the combustion chamber through the slag outlet and flow down to the quenching chamber through the downcomer together. The superheated synthesis gas is cooled and washed by the quenching water (liquid cold flow) injected from the outside during the process of flowing through the downcomer. The liquid slag is cooled into solid slag at the bottom of the quenching chamber. The synthesis gas is washed again in the water bath of the quenching chamber, and then bubbles up and enters the washing system through the synthesis gas pipeline, and is sent to the downstream device after further dust removal.

[0003] In the above process, the superheated syngas will be cooled to 210-230℃ after being discharged after cooling and washing in the quenching chamber. A large amount of quenching water is required to cool the superheated syngas when it flows through the downcomer. The cooling cost is high and the heat loss is large. At the same time, due to the high temperature of the superheated syngas, if the water curtain formed by the quenching water is unevenly distributed, the downcomer is very likely to be deformed and damaged due to the high temperature. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model provides a waste heat recovery gasification system, which can realize the auxiliary cooling of the superheated synthesis gas in the downcomer while realizing the reuse of the heat of the superheated synthesis gas.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a waste heat recovery gasification system, including a combustion separation module, a waste heat boiler and a washing tower. The combustion separation module has a combustion chamber, a quenching chamber and a gas-liquid separation chamber spaced apart in pairs. The combustion chamber is used to burn pulverized coal and generate superheated synthesis gas; a downcomer connected to the bottom of the combustion chamber is provided in the quenching chamber to transport the superheated synthesis gas in the combustion chamber to the quenching chamber, and the quenching chamber is used to cool the superheated synthesis gas; the gas-liquid separation chamber is used to perform gas-liquid separation on the hot synthesis gas formed after cooling, and the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber is connected to the washing tower and the waste heat boiler to divert and transport the separated gas phase heat flow, and the waste heat boiler is used to recover the heat of the gas phase heat flow flowing through it; the gas phase outlet of the waste heat boiler and the gas phase inlet of the washing tower are connected through a first pipeline to transport the gas phase heat flow to the washing tower; the first pipeline passes through the quenching chamber and is partially coiled around the downcomer to heat the gas phase cold flow from the waste heat boiler to the washing tower through the superheated synthesis gas in the downcomer.

[0006] Furthermore, a cooling pool is provided at the bottom of the quenching chamber, and the portion of the first pipeline coiled around the downcomer is a coil section, and the coil section is spaced from the cooling pool.

[0007] Furthermore, the quenching chamber has a high-temperature zone and a low-temperature zone separated by an upper and lower interval, the cooling pool is located at the bottom of the low-temperature zone, the downcomer is arranged in the high-temperature zone and the end extends to the low-temperature zone and is located above the cooling pool, the coil section enters the quenching chamber from the high-temperature zone, and the coil section extends out of the quenching chamber from the low-temperature zone.

[0008] Furthermore, the waste heat recovery gasification system also includes a second pipeline, a third pipeline, and a first control valve and a second control valve respectively arranged on the second pipeline and the third pipeline. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber is connected to the gas phase inlet of the waste heat boiler through the second pipeline. The first pipeline includes a cold flow pipe section, a coil section and a hot flow pipe section connected in sequence. The cold flow pipe section is connected to the gas phase outlet of the waste heat boiler, and the hot flow pipe section is connected to the gas phase inlet of the washing tower. The two ends of the third pipeline are respectively connected to the second pipeline and the hot flow pipe section. The first control valve is located between the connecting position of the second pipeline and the third pipeline and the gas phase inlet of the waste heat boiler. The opening of the first control valve and the second control valve can be adjusted respectively to adjust the proportion of the gas phase heat flow flowing to the waste heat boiler and the washing tower.

[0009] Furthermore, the waste heat recovery gasification system also includes a temperature sensor and a control system. The temperature sensor is arranged between the connecting position of the third pipeline, the heat flow pipe section and the gas phase inlet of the washing tower to monitor the temperature of the gas phase heat flow entering the washing tower. The control system is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the first control valve and the second control valve to control the opening of the first control valve and the second control valve according to the monitoring conditions of the temperature sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, the proportion of the gas phase heat flow flowing into the waste heat boiler accounts for 20%-40% of the total gas phase heat flow.

[0011] Furthermore, the combustion separation module includes a gasifier and a gas-liquid separation tank. A support plate is provided in the gasifier, which divides the area inside the gasifier into a combustion chamber and a quenching chamber. The gas-liquid separation chamber is formed in the gas-liquid separation tank. The gas phase outlet of the gasifier is arranged corresponding to the quenching chamber and is connected to the gas phase inlet of the gas-liquid separation tank.

[0012] Furthermore, the combustion separation module also includes a scrubber, which is arranged between the gasifier and the gas-liquid separation tank.

[0013] Furthermore, a quenching ring is provided in the gasifier, which is used to spray liquid cold flow into the quenching chamber. The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber is connected with the liquid phase inlet of the washing tower, and the liquid phase outlet of the washing tower is connected with the quenching ring in the gasifier to provide liquid cold flow to the quenching ring.

[0014] Furthermore, the waste heat recovery gasification system also includes a circulating water pump, which is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the liquid phase outlet of the washing tower and the quenching ring.

[0015] The technical solution of the utility model is applied to provide a waste heat recovery gasification system, including a combustion separation module, a waste heat boiler and a washing tower. The combustion separation module has a combustion chamber, a quenching chamber and a gas-liquid separation chamber spaced apart in pairs. The combustion chamber is used to burn pulverized coal and generate superheated synthesis gas; a downcomer connected to the bottom of the combustion chamber is provided in the quenching chamber to transport the superheated synthesis gas in the combustion chamber to the quenching chamber, and the quenching chamber is used to cool the superheated synthesis gas; the gas-liquid separation chamber is used to perform gas-liquid separation on the hot synthesis gas formed after cooling, the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber is connected to the washing tower and the waste heat boiler to divert and transport the separated gas phase heat flow, and the waste heat boiler is used to recover the heat of the gas phase heat flow flowing through it; the gas phase outlet of the waste heat boiler and the gas phase inlet of the washing tower are connected through a first pipeline to transport the gas phase heat flow to the washing tower; the first pipeline passes through the quenching chamber and is partially coiled around the downcomer to heat the gas phase cold flow from the waste heat boiler to the washing tower by the superheated synthesis gas in the downcomer.

[0016] With this solution, part of the gas phase hot flow discharged from the gas-liquid separation chamber is diverted to the waste heat boiler, which absorbs the heat carried by this part of the gas phase hot flow, and then discharges the gas phase cold flow after heat exchange from the first pipeline to the washing tower. The gas phase cold flow after heat exchange exchanges heat with the downcomer in the process of flowing through the first pipeline, and the superheated synthesis gas in the downcomer is used to heat the gas phase cold flow in the first pipeline coiled around the outer periphery of the downcomer, and the heat exchange between this part of the gas phase cold flow and the superheated synthesis gas is used to achieve auxiliary cooling of the downcomer. This arrangement realizes the recovery and reuse of heat, avoids the situation in which the heat of high-temperature synthesis gas is easily wasted in the prior art, and is conducive to improving the cooling effect of the downcomer, avoiding the situation in which the downcomer is easily affected by high temperature and burned, and is conducive to extending the operation cycle of the waste heat recovery gasification system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the waste heat recovery gasification system provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0019] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the coordination between the middle coil pipe section and the downcomer.

[0020] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0021] 10. Combustion separation module; 101. Combustion chamber; 102. Quenching chamber; 103. Gas-liquid separation chamber; 11. Gasifier; 111. Downcomer; 12. Gas-liquid separation tank; 13. Scrubber;

[0022] 20. Waste heat boiler;

[0023] 30. Scrubber;

[0024] 41, first pipeline; 411, cold flow pipe section; 412, coil section; 413, hot flow pipe section; 42, second pipeline; 43, third pipeline;

[0025] 51. first control valve; 52. second control valve;

[0026] 60. Temperature sensor;

[0027] 70. Circulating water pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means a limitation on the utility model and its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, an embodiment of the utility model provides a waste heat recovery gasification system, including a combustion separation module 10, a waste heat boiler 20 and a washing tower 30. The combustion separation module 10 has a combustion chamber 101, a quenching chamber 102 and a gas-liquid separation chamber 103 spaced apart in pairs. The combustion chamber 101 is used to burn pulverized coal and generate superheated synthesis gas; the quenching chamber 102 is provided with a downcomer 111 connected to the bottom of the combustion chamber 101 to transport the superheated synthesis gas in the combustion chamber 101 to the quenching chamber 102, and the quenching chamber 102 is used to cool the superheated synthesis gas; the gas-liquid separation chamber 103 is used to cool the superheated synthesis gas. The hot synthesis gas formed after cooling is subjected to gas-liquid separation, and the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber 103 is connected with the washing tower 30 and the waste heat boiler 20 to divert and transport the separated gas phase heat flow, and the waste heat boiler 20 is used to recover the heat of the gas phase heat flow flowing through it; the gas phase outlet of the waste heat boiler 20 and the gas phase inlet of the washing tower 30 are connected through the first pipeline 41 to transport the gas phase heat flow to the washing tower; the first pipeline 41 passes through the quenching chamber 102 and is partially coiled around the downcomer 111 to heat the gas phase cold flow from the waste heat boiler 20 to the washing tower 30 through the superheated synthesis gas in the downcomer 111.

[0030] In this embodiment, part of the gas phase hot flow discharged from the gas-liquid separation chamber 103 is diverted to the waste heat boiler 20, and the waste heat boiler 20 absorbs the heat carried by this part of the gas phase hot flow, and then discharges the gas phase cold flow after heat exchange from the first pipeline 41 to the washing tower 30. The gas phase cold flow after heat exchange exchanges heat with the downcomer 111 in the process of flowing through the first pipeline 41, and the superheated synthesis gas in the downcomer 111 is used to heat the gas phase cold flow in the first pipeline 41 coiled around the outer periphery of the downcomer 111, and the heat exchange between this part of the gas phase cold flow and the superheated synthesis gas is used to achieve auxiliary cooling of the downcomer 111. This arrangement realizes the recovery and reuse of heat, avoids the situation in the prior art where the heat of the superheated synthesis gas is easily wasted, and is conducive to improving the cooling effect of the downcomer 111, avoiding the situation where the downcomer 111 is easily affected by high temperature and burned, and is conducive to extending the operation cycle of the waste heat recovery gasification system.

[0031] Specifically, the bottom of the quenching chamber 102 has a cooling pool, and the portion of the first pipeline 41 that winds around the downcomer 111 is a coil section 412, and the coil section 412 is spaced from the cooling pool. This arrangement is conducive to ensuring the cooling effect of the quenching chamber 102 on the superheated synthesis gas, while preventing the coil section 412 from extending into the cooling pool, causing the heated gas phase cold flow inside to be cooled again.

[0032] Preferably, the coiled pipe section 412 is spirally coiled over two-thirds of the area above the entire downcomer 111 .

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the quenching chamber 102 has a high temperature zone and a low temperature zone separated from each other, the cooling pool is located at the bottom of the low temperature zone, the downcomer 111 is arranged in the high temperature zone and the end thereof extends to the low temperature zone and is located above the cooling pool, the coil section 412 enters the quenching chamber 102 from the high temperature zone, and the coil section 412 extends out of the quenching chamber 102 from the low temperature zone.

[0034] In this embodiment, since the washing tower 30 has certain temperature requirements for the incoming gas phase hot flow, it is necessary to heat the gas phase cold flow in the first pipeline 41 to within the temperature range.

[0035] Such an arrangement is conducive to controlling and ensuring the heat exchange effect between the gas-phase cold flow in the coil section 412 and the superheated synthesis gas in the downcomer 111, and avoiding the situation when both ends of the coil section 412 are in the high-temperature zone, where the heating effect on the gas-phase cold flow is excessive, resulting in the fluid temperature being too high and failing to meet the temperature requirement for entering the washing tower 30; or avoiding the situation when the heating effect of the coil section 412 on the gas-phase cold flow is insufficient, resulting in the fluid temperature being too low and failing to meet the temperature requirement for entering the washing tower 30.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the waste heat recovery gasification system also includes a second pipeline 42, a third pipeline 43, and a first control valve 51 and a second control valve 52 respectively arranged on the second pipeline 42 and the third pipeline 43. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber 103 is connected to the gas phase inlet of the waste heat boiler 20 through the second pipeline 42. The first pipeline 41 includes a cold flow pipe section 411, a coil section 412 and a hot flow pipe section 413 which are connected in sequence. The cold flow pipe section 411 is connected to the gas phase outlet of the waste heat boiler 20, and the hot flow pipe section 413 is connected to the gas phase inlet of the washing tower 30. Both ends of the third pipeline 43 are connected to the second pipeline 42 and the hot flow pipe section 413 respectively. The first control valve 51 is located between the connecting position of the second pipeline 42 and the third pipeline 43 and the gas phase inlet of the waste heat boiler 20. The openings of the first control valve 51 and the second control valve 52 can be adjusted respectively to adjust the proportion of the gas phase heat flow flowing to the waste heat boiler 20 and the washing tower 30. Such an arrangement is conducive to the regulation and control of the gas phase heat flow diversion ratio.

[0037] Preferably, the proportion of the gas phase heat flow flowing into the waste heat boiler 20 accounts for 20%-40% of the total gas phase heat flow. To avoid situations where the proportion is too small, the gas phase cold flow has no obvious heat exchange and cooling effect on the downcomer 111, or when the proportion is too large, the gas phase cold flow is too large, resulting in poor heat recovery effect of the waste heat boiler 20.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, the waste heat recovery gasification system also includes a temperature sensor 60 and a control system. The temperature sensor 60 is arranged between the connection position of the third pipeline 43, the heat flow pipe section 413 and the gas phase inlet of the washing tower 30 to monitor the temperature of the gas phase heat flow entering the washing tower 30. The control system is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 60, the first control valve 51, and the second control valve 52 to control the opening of the first control valve 51 and the second control valve 52 according to the monitoring status of the temperature sensor 60.

[0039] In this embodiment, the opening of the first control valve 51 and the second control valve 52 are automatically adjusted through monitoring by the temperature sensor 60 to ensure that a gas phase heat flow of a suitable flow rate flows to the waste heat boiler 20, thereby ensuring reasonable recovery and utilization of heat.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the combustion separation module 10 includes a gasifier 11 and a gas-liquid separation tank 12. A support plate is provided inside the gasifier 11, and the support plate divides the area inside the gasifier 11 into a combustion chamber 101 and a quenching chamber 102. The gas-liquid separation chamber 103 is formed inside the gas-liquid separation tank 12. The gas phase outlet of the gasifier 11 is arranged corresponding to the quenching chamber 102 and is connected to the gas phase inlet of the gas-liquid separation tank 12. The combustion separation module 10 also includes a scrubber 13, which is arranged between the gasifier 11 and the gas-liquid separation tank 12.

[0041] In this embodiment, the combustion chamber 101 and the quenching chamber 102 are integrated in the gasifier 11, and the gasifier 11 and the gas-liquid separation tank 12 are separated. The hot synthesis gas generated in the quenching chamber 102 is first passed through the scrubber 13 for ash removal, and then transported to the gas-liquid separation tank 12 for gas-liquid separation to obtain gas phase heat flow and liquid phase fluid.

[0042] Specifically, a quenching ring is also provided in the gasifier 11, and the quenching ring is used to spray liquid cold flow into the quenching chamber 102. The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber 103 is connected to the liquid phase inlet of the washing tower 30, and the liquid phase outlet of the washing tower 30 is connected to the quenching ring in the gasifier 11 to provide liquid cold flow for the quenching ring.

[0043] In this embodiment, the quenching ring sprays the quenching chamber 102 and forms a water curtain to ensure the cooling effect on the downcomer 111. On the other hand, the liquid phase cold flow discharged from the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber 103 enters the washing tower 30, and after being processed, flows into the quenching ring as a liquid cold flow and is used to spray and cool the downcomer 111. In this arrangement, the liquid phase fluid is recycled and reused through the washing tower 30, which is conducive to reducing the cooling cost.

[0044] like Figure 1As shown, the waste heat recovery gasification system further includes a circulating water pump 70, which is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the liquid phase outlet of the washing tower 30 and the quenching ring. This arrangement ensures the reliability and stability of the washing tower 30 supplying liquid cold flow to the quenching ring in the gasifier 11.

[0045] In summary, the utility model provides a waste heat recovery gasification system. In one embodiment, the scrubber 13 is a Venturi scrubber, and the gas-liquid separation tank 12 is a Venturi gas-liquid separation tank. The pulverized coal enters the combustion chamber 101 from the top of the gasifier 11 for reaction. The superheated synthesis gas (about 1200°C) and liquid slag generated by the reaction flow through the downcomer 111 to the quenching chamber 102 for cooling. The hot synthesis gas (210-230°C) generated after cooling passes through the scrubber 13 and the gas-liquid separation tank 12 in sequence and is gas-liquid separated in the gas-liquid separation tank 12. It is separated into gas phase heat flow (210-230°C) and liquid phase fluid. Since the washing tower 30 requires the temperature of the incoming gas to be 210-230°C, the gas phase heat flow meets the condition, and most of the gas phase heat flow is directly transported to the washing tower 30, and the other part is transported to the waste heat boiler 20. Among them, the diversion ratio is automatically adjusted by the temperature sensor 60, the control system, the first control valve 51 and the second control valve 52. The gas phase heat flow entering the waste heat boiler 20 is mainly controlled by the first control valve 51, accounting for about 20%-40% of the total flow. The fluid transported to the waste heat boiler 20 will exchange heat with the internal low-pressure boiler feed water to obtain low-pressure saturated steam (0.5-0.8MPa) and gas-phase cold flow (180-200°C). The gas-phase cold flow flows to the washing tower 30 through the first pipeline 41. During the flow, it will pass through the coil section 412 and exchange heat with the downcomer 111. The gas-phase cold flow will be reheated to become a gas-phase hot flow (220-240°C). At the same time, the downcomer 111 will be cooled. The reheated gas-phase hot flow will merge with most of the gas-phase hot flow that directly enters the washing tower 30 and be input into the washing tower 30.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0047] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the utility model. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0048] In the description of the present utility model, it needs to be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present utility model; the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0049] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0050] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0051] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A waste heat recovery gasification system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a combustion separation module (10), a waste heat boiler (20) and a washing tower (30), wherein the combustion separation module (10) comprises a combustion chamber (101), a quenching chamber (102) and a gas-liquid separation chamber (103) spaced apart in pairs, wherein the combustion chamber (101) is used to burn pulverized coal and generate superheated synthesis gas; a downcomer (111) connected to the bottom of the combustion chamber (101) is provided in the quenching chamber (102) so as to transport the superheated synthesis gas in the combustion chamber (101) to the quenching chamber (102), and the quenching chamber (102) is used to cool the superheated synthesis gas; the gas-liquid separation chamber (103) is used to perform gas-liquid separation on the hot synthesis gas formed after cooling, and the superheated synthesis gas is removed from the quenching chamber (102); The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber (103) is connected to the washing tower (30) and the waste heat boiler (20) to divert and transport the separated gas phase heat flow, and the waste heat boiler (20) is used to recover the heat of the gas phase heat flow flowing through it; the gas phase outlet of the waste heat boiler (20) and the gas phase inlet of the washing tower (30) are connected through a first pipeline (41) to transport the gas phase heat flow to the washing tower; the first pipeline (41) passes through the quenching chamber (102) and is partially coiled around the downcomer (111) to heat the gas phase cold flow from the waste heat boiler (20) to the washing tower (30) through the superheated synthesis gas in the downcomer (111).

2. The waste heat recovery gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the quenching chamber (102) is provided with a cooling pool, and the portion of the first pipeline (41) that is coiled around the downcomer (111) is a coil section (412), and the coil section (412) is spaced from the cooling pool.

3. The waste heat recovery gasification system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The quenching chamber (102) has a high temperature zone and a low temperature zone spaced apart from each other, the cooling pool is located at the bottom of the low temperature zone, the downcomer (111) is arranged in the high temperature zone and its end extends to the low temperature zone and is located above the cooling pool, the coil section (412) enters the quenching chamber (102) from the high temperature zone, and the coil section (412) extends out of the quenching chamber (102) from the low temperature zone.

4. The waste heat recovery gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery gasification system further comprises a second pipeline (42), a third pipeline (43), and a first control valve (51) and a second control valve (52) respectively arranged on the second pipeline (42) and the third pipeline (43); the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber (103) is connected to the gas phase inlet of the waste heat boiler (20) through the second pipeline (42); the first pipeline (41) comprises a cold flow pipe section (411), a coil section (412) and a hot flow pipe section (413) which are connected in sequence; the cold flow pipe section (411) is connected to the gas phase outlet of the waste heat boiler (20); The heat flow pipe section (413) is connected to the gas phase inlet of the washing tower (30), the two ends of the third pipeline (43) are respectively connected to the second pipeline (42) and the heat flow pipe section (413), the first control valve (51) is located between the connecting position of the second pipeline (42) and the third pipeline (43) and the gas phase inlet of the waste heat boiler (20), and the openings of the first control valve (51) and the second control valve (52) can be adjusted respectively to adjust the proportion of the gas phase heat flow flowing to the waste heat boiler (20) and the washing tower (30).

5. The waste heat recovery gasification system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery gasification system also includes a temperature sensor (60) and a control system. The temperature sensor (60) is arranged between the third pipeline (43), the connecting position of the heat flow pipe section (413) and the gas phase inlet of the washing tower (30) to monitor the temperature of the gas phase heat flow entering the washing tower (30). The control system is electrically connected to the temperature sensor (60), the first control valve (51) and the second control valve (52) to control the opening of the first control valve (51) and the second control valve (52) according to the monitoring status of the temperature sensor (60).

6. The waste heat recovery gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The proportion of the gas phase heat flow flowing into the waste heat boiler (20) accounts for 20%-40% of the total gas phase heat flow.

7. The waste heat recovery gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion separation module (10) comprises a gasifier (11) and a gas-liquid separation tank (12); a support plate is provided inside the gasifier (11); the support plate separates the area inside the gasifier (11) into the combustion chamber (101) and the quenching chamber (102); the gas-liquid separation chamber (103) is formed inside the gas-liquid separation tank (12); the gas phase outlet of the gasifier (11) is arranged corresponding to the quenching chamber (102) and is connected to the gas phase inlet of the gas-liquid separation tank (12).

8. The waste heat recovery gasification system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The combustion separation module (10) further comprises a scrubber (13), wherein the scrubber (13) is arranged between the gasifier (11) and the gas-liquid separation tank (12).

9. The waste heat recovery gasification system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A quenching ring is also provided in the gasifier (11), and the quenching ring is used to spray a liquid cold flow into the quenching chamber (102). The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separation chamber (103) is connected to the liquid phase inlet of the washing tower (30), and the liquid phase outlet of the washing tower (30) is connected to the quenching ring in the gasifier (11) to provide a liquid cold flow to the quenching ring.

10. The waste heat recovery gasification system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery gasification system further comprises a circulating water pump (70), and the circulating water pump (70) is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the liquid phase outlet of the washing tower (30) and the quenching ring.

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