Metal powder sintering heat exchanger, heat exchanger assembly and dilution refrigerating machine

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of ultralow temperature cooling, and particularly relates to a metal powder sintering heat exchanger, a heat exchanger assembly and a dilution refrigerating machine. The metal powder sintering heat exchanger comprises a heat conduction partition plate, a first shell, a second shell, a first pipeline, a second pipeline, a third pipeline and a fourth pipeline, wherein the first shell and the second shell form a first flow channel and a second flow channel with the two opposite surfaces of the heat conduction partition plate respectively; the first pipeline and the second pipeline are communicated with the first flow channel; the first flow channel and the second flow channel are annular, and at least one surface of the heat conduction partition plate in the first flow channel and the second flow channel is provided with a metal powder sintered block. The heat exchanger has the advantages that the first flow channel and the second flow channel are annular, so that the heat exchange area and the temperature gradient can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of ultra-low temperature cooling, and particularly relates to a metal powder sintering heat exchanger, a heat exchanger component and a dilution refrigerator. Background Art

[0002] As an ultra-low temperature cooling device, the dilution refrigerator can maintain temperatures in the mK range for a long time, has a large cooling capacity, is not too complicated in structure and operation, and is not affected by magnetic fields. It is an important refrigeration method for obtaining temperatures in the milliK range and can provide a good low-temperature environment for the stable operation of quantum chips.

[0003] The quality of the heat exchanger in the dilution refrigerator has a decisive influence on the performance of the dilution refrigerator. In order to provide a sufficiently large heat exchange area and save 3He consumption while reducing the volume of the heat exchanger as much as possible, it is necessary to use a shell-and-tube continuous heat exchanger above 100mK and a powder sintered heat exchanger below 100mK. The powder sintered heat exchanger is generally made of metal powder sintered on the heat-conducting partition of the liquid helium fluid channel.

[0004] For powder sintered heat exchangers, improving heat exchange effect is the core technical problem to be solved by the structure. In the existing technology, metal powder sintered blocks are set on the heat exchange surface. The principle of metal powder sintered blocks can realize heat exchange and heat transfer to a great extent. In the dilution refrigerator, the better the heat exchange performance, the better the cooling effect. The larger and longer the flow channel, the better the effect. However, the dilution refrigerator is to support the low temperature environment of quantum computers. With the increase in the number of bits, the space utilization requirements in the dilution refrigerator are also increasing. Therefore, the flow channel of the heat exchanger is constrained to be as small and short as possible while meeting the requirements. Therefore, how to improve the heat exchange effect in a limited space is an eternal problem that the heat exchanger needs to solve. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to improve the heat exchange effect of a heat exchanger in a limited space, the present application discloses a metal powder sintering heat exchanger, a heat exchanger assembly and a dilution refrigerator.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a metal powder sintered heat exchanger, comprising a heat-conducting baffle, a first shell and a second shell which form a first flow channel and a second flow channel with two opposite surfaces of the heat-conducting baffle respectively, a first pipe and a second pipe which are connected to the first flow channel, and a third pipe and a fourth pipe which are connected to the second flow channel, wherein the first flow channel and the second flow channel are in a ring shape, and at least one surface of the heat-conducting baffle in the first flow channel and the second flow channel is provided with a metal powder sintered block.

[0007] The metal powder sintering heat exchanger as described above, further, the second pipe passes through the heat-conducting baffle and the second shell to communicate with the first flow channel, and the third pipe passes through the heat-conducting baffle and the first shell to communicate with the second flow channel.

[0008] The metal powder sintered heat exchanger as described above, further, the metal powder sintered block includes a C-type sintered block, the C-type sintered block is in an integral shape or in a dispersed shape formed by a ring array of sintered sub-blocks, and the second pipe and the third pipe are located in the area where the heat conductive partition is not covered by the C-type sintered block.

[0009] As described above, the metal powder sintered heat exchanger, further, the C-type sintered blocks are two, and the ends of the two C-type sintered blocks are spaced to form a ring shape with two gaps, and the positions of the second pipe and the third pipe correspond to the gaps.

[0010] The metal powder sintered heat exchanger as described above, further, the first shell and the second shell are arc-shaped in the cross section perpendicular to the corresponding flow channel.

[0011] As described above, the metal powder sintering heat exchanger, further, the outer peripheries of the first shell and the second shell are provided with ear plates, and the ear plates are in contact with the heat-conducting baffle.

[0012] The metal powder sintered heat exchanger as described above, further, the top surface of the arc-shaped structure away from the heat-conducting baffle is flat.

[0013] In the metal powder sintering heat exchanger as described above, further, the volumes of the first flow channel and the second flow channel are different.

[0014] Another aspect of the present invention provides a heat exchanger assembly, comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned metal powder sintered heat exchangers, wherein the first flow channels of the plurality of the metal powder sintered heat exchangers are connected through the first pipe and the second pipe, and the second flow channels are connected through the third pipe and the fourth pipe.

[0015] In another aspect, the present invention provides a dilution refrigerator, comprising the above-mentioned metal powder sintered heat exchanger or the above-mentioned heat exchanger assembly.

[0016] The beneficial effect of the utility model is that the first flow channel and the second flow channel are in a ring shape, which can increase the overall area and path of the fluid flowing through the flow channel, thereby increasing the arrangement area of ​​the metal powder sintered block to improve the heat exchange effect.

[0017] The heat exchanger assembly and the dilution refrigerator provided by the utility model therefore have the same beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of a metal powder sintering heat exchanger provided in one embodiment of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Structural cross-sectional view corresponding to the embodiment.

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the heat conducting baffle.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a metal powder sintering heat exchanger provided in another embodiment of the utility model.

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of using heat exchange fins in the second pipe and the third pipe in the corresponding embodiment.

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a heat exchanger assembly.

[0024] In the reference numerals:

[0025] 1. heat-conducting baffle; 100. annular cavity; 21. first shell; 211. first ear plate; 22. first sintered block; 31. second shell; 311. second ear plate; 32. second sintered block; 41. first pipeline; 42. second pipeline; 43. third pipeline; 44. fourth pipeline; 5. sleeve; 6. heat exchanger; 110. first metal powder sintered heat exchanger; 120. second metal powder sintered heat exchanger; 130. third metal powder sintered heat exchanger; 123. first flow channel in first metal powder sintered heat exchanger; 133. second flow channel in first metal powder sintered heat exchanger; 141. first pipeline in first metal powder sintered heat exchanger; 142. second pipeline in first metal powder sintered heat exchanger; 143. third pipeline in first metal powder sintered heat exchanger; 144. fourth pipeline in first metal powder sintered heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be interpreted as limitations on the present application.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0028] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0029] After analysis, in order to increase the performance of the dilution refrigerator heat exchanger, it is necessary to increase the cold transfer capacity in the heat exchanger as much as possible, and the cold transfer capacity depends on the heat exchange area. In addition, in order to ensure the uniformity of the cold, the refrigerator as a whole needs to be kept at a certain size, but in actual use, for example, in order to increase the number of quantum bits, the space occupied is gradually increasing. Therefore, in order to maximize the size of the available space of the dilution refrigerator, the size of the refrigeration part of the dilution refrigerator can only be reduced. Therefore, it is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently to ensure high heat exchange effect in the limited space of the refrigeration part.

[0030] In order to solve the above problems, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present application discloses a metal powder sintering heat exchanger, comprising a heat-conducting baffle 1, a first shell 21 and a second shell 31 which respectively form a first flow channel and a second flow channel with two opposite surfaces of the heat-conducting baffle 1, a first pipe 41 and a second pipe 42 which are connected to the first flow channel, and a third pipe 43 and a fourth pipe 44 which are connected to the second flow channel, wherein the first flow channel and the second flow channel are in a ring shape, and at least one surface of the heat-conducting baffle 1 in the first flow channel and the second flow channel is provided with a metal powder sintering block.

[0031] In this embodiment, different fluids with temperature difference are input into the first flow channel and the second flow channel respectively, and the different fluids are heat exchanged through the heat-conducting baffle 1 and the metal powder sintered block arranged on the heat-conducting baffle 1. In a specific embodiment, high-temperature fluid and low-temperature fluid are input into the first flow channel and the second flow channel respectively, and the high-temperature fluid and the low-temperature fluid are heat exchanged by overcoming the thermal resistance through the metal powder sintered block and the heat-conducting baffle 1 structure to achieve a good heat exchange effect. The first flow channel and the second flow channel are annular in shape, which can constrain the fluid flowing in through the corresponding pipeline to flow through the annular bends on both sides of the annular flow channel and then flow out through the corresponding pipeline. Compared with the disc-shaped channel, the fluid flow includes the fluid flowing from the side and also the fluid flowing directly from the diameter of the disc. The path through the annular bend is longer and has a larger temperature gradient than the path flowing directly from the diameter of the disc. The structure of the present application improves the heat exchange effect.

[0032] In addition, the present application is provided with a metal powder sintered block on at least one surface of the heat-conducting baffle 1, thereby further improving the heat exchange effect. Optionally, the metal powder sintered block is arranged on the heat-conducting baffle 1 in the first flow channel, or on the heat-conducting baffle 1 in the second flow channel. Most preferably, in order to achieve the maximum heat exchange, in one embodiment, the metal powder sintered block includes a first sintered block 22 and a second sintered block 32, the first sintered block 22 is arranged on the heat-conducting baffle 1 in the first flow channel, and the second sintered block 32 is arranged on the heat-conducting baffle 1 in the second flow channel, and the maximum area of ​​the first sintered block 22 and the second sintered block 32 is to cover the surface of all heat-conducting baffles 1 except the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43, thereby maximizing heat exchange. An ordinary C-type flow channel has an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe respectively arranged at both ends, and then a metal powder sintered block is arranged between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, and the fluid passes through the C-type flow channel in a single direction. Compared with the above-mentioned common C-type flow channel, on the basis of equal cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel perpendicular to the fluid flow direction, the metal powder sintered block can be set with a larger area, thereby increasing the heat exchange area and temperature gradient.

[0033] Optionally, the heat-conducting baffle 1 is made of stainless steel, and can also be replaced by metal materials such as copper-nickel alloy, copper, and silver.

[0034] In one embodiment, the second pipe 42 passes through the heat-conducting baffle 1 and the second shell 31 to communicate with the first flow channel, and the third pipe 43 passes through the heat-conducting baffle 1 and the first shell 21 to communicate with the second flow channel. This embodiment allows the first fluid and the second fluid to enter and exit the corresponding flow channels, and does not occupy the space of the dilution refrigerator. Figure 2As shown, the first fluid enters and exits the first flow channel through the first pipe 41 and the second pipe 42, and the second fluid enters and exits the second flow channel through the third pipe 43 and the fourth pipe 44. The first fluid and the second fluid exchange heat in the corresponding flow channels.

[0035] In one embodiment, in order to prevent leakage of the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43 passing through the corresponding housing position, the housing is provided with a sleeve portion 5 at the corresponding pipe, and the inner side wall of the sleeve portion 5 is in contact with the outer side wall of the corresponding pipe. Figure 2 The sleeve portion 5 at the second pipe 42 in the housing is in contact with the outer side wall of the second pipe 42. The arrangement of the sleeve portion 5 can effectively prevent the liquid in the corresponding pipe from flowing out of the gap between the housing and the corresponding pipe.

[0036] In one of the embodiments, in order to prevent the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43 from leaking through the heat-conducting baffle 1 and causing cross-flow of liquid between the first flow channel and the second flow channel, a sealing ring is arranged between the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43 and the corresponding through holes on the heat-conducting baffle 1. The setting of the sealing ring can effectively block the first flow channel and the second flow channel and facilitate the fixation of the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43.

[0037] In one embodiment, the metal powder sintered block includes a C-type sintered block, which is in an integral shape or a dispersed shape formed by a ring array of sintered sub-blocks, and the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43 are located in the area of ​​the heat-conducting baffle 1 that is not covered by the C-type sintered block. Preferably, in order to facilitate processing and achieve maximum heat exchange, the C-type sintered block is in an integral shape. Specifically, the first sintered block 22 and the second sintered block 32 are both C-type sintered blocks.

[0038] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, there are two C-type sintered blocks, and the ends of the two C-type sintered blocks are spaced to form a ring shape with two gaps, and the positions of the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43 correspond to the gaps. Specifically, the first sintered block 22 and the second sintered block 32 are both composed of two C-type sintered blocks arranged in an annular manner, and the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43 are respectively located at the corresponding positions of the gaps, thereby optimizing the layout of the space. Specifically, the two C-type sintered blocks in the first sintered block 22 are the first sintered sub-block 221 and the second sintered sub-block 222, respectively, and the two C-type sintered blocks in the second sintered block 32 are the third sintered sub-block 321 and the fourth sintered sub-block 322, respectively. The dotted circle in the figure represents the projection of the first pipe 41 and the fourth pipe 44 on the heat-conducting baffle 1, wherein the two solid circles that are symmetrical to the dotted circle represent the through holes of the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43 on the heat-conducting baffle 1. It should be noted that the dotted circle and the solid circle can be replaced according to the required position.

[0039] In one embodiment, the cross-section of the first shell 21 and the second shell 31 perpendicular to the corresponding flow channel is arc-shaped. Compared with shells of other structures such as right angles, the arc-shaped structure is more convenient to process.

[0040] In one embodiment, the outer peripheries of the first shell 21 and the second shell 31 are provided with ear plates, and the ear plates are in contact with the heat-conducting baffle 1. Specifically, the first shell 21 is provided with a first ear plate 211, and the second shell 31 is provided with a second ear plate 311. The provision of the first ear plate 211 and the second ear plate 311 not only plays a role in fixing the first shell 21 and the second shell 31 to the heat-conducting baffle 1, but also ensures the edge sealing of the first flow channel and the second flow channel.

[0041] In one embodiment, the top surface of the arc-shaped structure away from the heat-conducting baffle 1 is flat. The flat structure can reduce the space occupied by the heat exchanger.

[0042] In one embodiment, the volumes of the first flow channel and the second flow channel are not equal. More specifically, the volume of the flow channel where the high-temperature fluid is located is smaller than the volume of the flow channel where the low-temperature fluid is located. This method can better ensure the heat exchange effect of the fluid, so that the temperature of all fluids is maintained at a low level. It should be noted that high-temperature fluid and low-temperature fluid are only relative descriptive terms, which are just the relative temperatures of the two fluids. The fluid with the higher temperature of the two fluids is called the high-temperature fluid, and the fluid with the lower temperature is called the low-temperature fluid. Figure 1 and Figure 2 For example, the use process of metal powder sintering heat exchanger is as follows:

[0043] The first flow channel with a smaller volume is used as the flow channel of the high-temperature fluid, and the second flow channel with a larger volume is used as the flow channel of the low-temperature fluid. The high-temperature fluid flows into the first flow channel through the first pipe 41, and then the high-temperature fluid is divided into two paths in the first flow channel, passes through the first sintered sub-block and the second sintered sub-block on the corresponding branch, and then flows out through the second pipe 42 passing through the second shell 31 and the heat-conducting baffle 1; at the same time, the low-temperature fluid flows into the second flow channel through the fourth pipe 44, and then the low-temperature fluid is divided into two paths in the second flow channel, passes through the third sintered sub-block and the fourth sintered sub-block on the corresponding branch, and then flows out through the third pipe 43 passing through the first shell 21 and the heat-conducting baffle 1. Thus, heat exchange between the high-temperature fluid and the low-temperature fluid is achieved.

[0044] In another embodiment, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43 are both bent and pass through the annular cavity 100 in the middle of the first flow channel and the second flow channel. This embodiment achieves corresponding fluid inflow and outflow without damaging the heat-conducting baffle 1.

[0045] In order to achieve better heat transfer, Figure 4 As shown, the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43 pass through the opposite sides of the annular cavity 100 and are flat, and the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43 are arranged in close proximity; further, in order to better achieve heat exchange, a heat exchange plate for auxiliary heat exchange is arranged between the second pipe 42 and the third pipe 43, so that heat exchange can be achieved again between the pipes.

[0046] In another embodiment, the present application discloses a heat exchanger assembly, comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned metal powder sintered heat exchangers, wherein the first flow channels of the plurality of the metal powder sintered heat exchangers are connected through the first pipe and the second pipe, and the second flow channels are connected through the third pipe and the fourth pipe. Figure 6 As shown, the heat exchanger assembly includes a first metal powder sintered heat exchanger 110, a second metal powder sintered heat exchanger 120, and a third metal powder sintered heat exchanger 130, wherein the first flow channels of the first metal powder sintered heat exchanger 110, the second metal powder sintered heat exchanger 120, and the third metal powder sintered heat exchanger 130 are connected through the first pipe and the second pipe. Specifically, the first pipe 141 in the first metal powder sintering heat exchanger serves as a fluid input end, and the second pipe 142 in the first metal powder sintering heat exchanger is connected to the first pipe of the second metal powder sintering heat exchanger 120, so that the fluid in the first flow channel 123 in the first metal powder sintering heat exchanger flows into the first flow channel of the second metal powder sintering heat exchanger, and the second pipe of the second metal powder sintering heat exchanger is connected to the first pipe of the third metal powder sintering heat exchanger, so that the fluid in the first flow channel of the second metal powder sintering heat exchanger flows into the first flow channel of the third metal powder sintering heat exchanger until it flows out from the second pipe of the third metal powder sintering heat exchanger to the next metal powder sintering heat exchanger or other equipment.

[0047] Similarly, the first metal powder sintering heat exchanger 110, the second metal powder sintering heat exchanger 120, and the third metal powder sintering heat exchanger 130 are connected through the third pipe and the fourth pipe. Specifically, the third pipe 143 in the first metal powder sintering heat exchanger is connected to the fourth pipe of the second metal powder sintering heat exchanger, and after the fluid passes through the second flow channel 133 in the first metal powder sintering heat exchanger, the fourth pipe 144 in the first metal powder sintering heat exchanger serves as the fluid output end, and the same applies to other structures. The solid arrows in the figure represent the flow direction diagram of the fluid in the first flow channel of the first metal powder sintering heat exchanger, the second metal powder sintering heat exchanger, and the third metal powder sintering heat exchanger, and the hollow arrows represent the flow direction diagram of another fluid in the second flow channel of the first metal powder sintering heat exchanger, the second metal powder sintering heat exchanger, and the third metal powder sintering heat exchanger.

[0048] This heat exchanger assembly can increase the heat exchange effect by realizing the series connection of the flow channels. In this solution, the volume of the first flow channel is smaller than the volume of the second flow channel, a high-temperature fluid is set in the first flow channel, and a low-temperature fluid is set in the second flow channel. It should be noted that in order to achieve the required heat exchange effect, a plurality of the metal powder sintering heat exchangers may have a first flow channel with a low-temperature fluid set in the first flow channel and a second flow channel with a high-temperature fluid set in the second flow channel. At the same time, the corresponding pipeline connections of adjacent metal powder sintering heat exchangers need to be replaced, so that the high-temperature fluid is always in the same series flow channel, and the low-temperature fluid is always in another series flow channel. Therefore, this application does not exclude this solution.

[0049] In another embodiment, a dilution refrigerator includes the metal powder sintering heat exchanger or the heat exchanger assembly.

[0050] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "some embodiments" or "examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiments or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0051] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any way. Any technician in the relevant technical field, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, may make any equivalent replacement or modification to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the present invention, which shall be deemed as the content of the technical solution of the present invention and still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metal powder sintered heat exchanger, characterized in that: It includes a heat-conducting baffle, a first shell and a second shell which respectively form a first flow channel and a second flow channel with two opposite surfaces of the heat-conducting baffle, a first pipe and a second pipe which are connected to the first flow channel, and a third pipe and a fourth pipe which are connected to the second flow channel. The first flow channel and the second flow channel are in a ring shape, and at least one surface of the heat-conducting baffle in the first flow channel and the second flow channel is provided with a metal powder sintered block.

2. A metal powder sintered heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second pipeline passes through the heat-conducting baffle and the second shell to communicate with the first flow channel, and the third pipeline passes through the heat-conducting baffle and the first shell to communicate with the second flow channel.

3. A metal powder sintered heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The metal powder sintered block comprises a C-type sintered block, which is in an integral shape or a dispersed shape formed by a ring array of sintered sub-blocks. The second pipeline and the third pipeline are located in the area of ​​the heat conductive baffle not covered by the C-type sintered block.

4. A metal powder sintered heat exchanger as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: There are two C-shaped sintered blocks, and the ends of the two C-shaped sintered blocks are spaced apart to form a ring shape with two gaps, and the positions of the second pipe and the third pipe are arranged corresponding to the gaps.

5. The metal powder sintering heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first shell and the second shell are arc-shaped in a cross section perpendicular to the corresponding flow channel.

6. A metal powder sintered heat exchanger as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The outer peripheries of the first shell and the second shell are provided with ear plates, and the ear plates are in contact with the heat-conducting baffle.

7. A metal powder sintered heat exchanger as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The top surface of the arc-shaped structure away from the heat-conducting baffle is flat.

8. The metal powder sintering heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volumes of the first flow channel and the second flow channel are not equal.

9. A heat exchanger assembly, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of metal powder sintering heat exchangers according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first flow channels of the plurality of metal powder sintering heat exchangers are connected through the first pipe and the second pipe, and the second flow channels are connected through the third pipe and the fourth pipe.

10. A dilution refrigerator, characterized in that: It comprises a metal powder sintered heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or a heat exchanger component according to claim 9.

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