System for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material

Abstract

A system for preparing a samarium-cobalt permanent magnet powder material belongs to the technical field of powder material preparation equipment, solves the technical problems of low crushing efficiency and poor crushing effect of existing powder preparation equipment, and adopts the technical scheme that the system for preparing the samarium-cobalt permanent magnet powder material comprises a hydrogenation reaction crushing system, a dehydrogenation system and a heat circulation system, the hydrogenation reaction crushing system comprises a feeding hopper, a jaw crusher, a mixing chamber, a hydrogenation reaction chamber and a crushing chamber, the dehydrogenation system comprises a dehydrogenation chamber, a resistance heater and a vacuum pump, and the heat circulation system comprises a heat exchanger, a heat exchange pipeline and a temperature controller. According to the system, compartment design is adopted, materials sequentially pass through the mixing chamber, the hydrogenation reaction chamber, the crushing chamber and the dehydrogenation chamber, the preparation efficiency of the samarium-cobalt alloy powder is improved, the preparation process is shortened, and heat energy can be fully utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of powder material preparation equipment, and specifically relates to a system for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material. Background Art

[0002] Samarium cobalt permanent magnet material is an important basic functional material with advantages such as high Curie temperature, good temperature stability and excellent magnetic properties. It plays an indispensable role in strategic industries such as new energy vehicles, intelligent robots, aerospace, national defense and military industry, and high-end equipment manufacturing.

[0003] The preparation of rare earth permanent magnet materials adopts the traditional powder metallurgy process. At present, hydrogen crushing + air flow grinding is one of the key preparation steps of sintered rare earth permanent magnet materials. Among them, hydrogen crushing has been widely used in the preparation of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet materials. Through hydrogen crushing treatment, the NdFeB alloy ingot reacts with hydrogen to form hydrides, which locally produces volume expansion and large stress, causing the alloy to fracture along the crystal or between the crystals. After air flow grinding, the Nd-Fe-B alloy can form single crystal particles, which effectively improves the magnet orientation and improves the comprehensive magnetic properties of the magnet. However, the 2:17 type samarium cobalt alloy requires higher pressure and time for hydrogen absorption reaction, and the formed SmH x+2 (0≤x≤1) compounds are not easy to decompose and dehydrogenate, and require a higher dehydrogenation temperature. Therefore, the hydrogen crushing process has not been effectively applied in the industrial production of sintered samarium cobalt magnets.

[0004] By adding a catalyst to the 2:17 type samarium cobalt alloy powder, the hydrogen absorption temperature and pressure of the samarium cobalt alloy can be effectively reduced, and the hydrogen absorption time can be shortened. In addition, after airflow grinding, the samarium cobalt powder will be easier to dehydrogenate. Therefore, the development of a new type of samarium cobalt permanent magnet material powder preparation equipment can make the samarium cobalt alloy more efficiently crushed, improve the orientation of samarium cobalt magnets, and improve the magnetic properties of magnets, which is of great significance to the development of the samarium cobalt industry. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and solve the technical problems of low crushing efficiency and poor crushing effect of the prior powder preparation equipment. The utility model provides a system for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material.

[0006] The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme: a system for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material, including a hydrogenation reaction crushing system, a dehydrogenation system and a thermal circulation system, wherein:

[0007] The hydrogenation reaction and crushing system comprises a feed hopper, a jaw crusher, a mixing chamber, a hydrogenation reaction chamber and a crushing chamber. The feed opening of the feed hopper is communicated with the feed opening of the jaw crusher, the feed opening of the jaw crusher is communicated with the feed opening of the mixing chamber, a first valve is arranged at the position of the feed opening of the jaw crusher, and a feed filling port for adding a catalyst is arranged on the top surface of the mixing chamber; the feed opening of the mixing chamber is communicated with the feed opening of the hydrogenation reaction chamber, a second valve is arranged at the position of the feed opening of the mixing chamber, a vibrating screen and a hydrogen inlet are arranged at the position of the feed opening of the hydrogenation reaction chamber, a heating jacket is arranged on the outer wall of the hydrogenation reaction chamber, a spiral tube coil is arranged in the heating jacket, and the spiral tube The upper end of the disk is set as an oil inlet, and the low-temperature oil after heat exchange is discharged from the oil discharge port at the lower end of the spiral tube disk; the feed port of the hydrogenation reaction chamber is connected with the feed port of the crushing chamber, and a third valve is set at the position of the feed port of the hydrogenation reaction chamber. At least five cylindrical targets are set across the inner cavity of the crushing chamber, and at least two high-pressure gas injection ports are set on the bottom surface of the crushing chamber; a particle sorter is installed on the top of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber, and the particle sorter is connected with the air inlet of the particle filter through a pipeline. The feed port is set below the particle filter, and the exhaust port of the particle filter is connected with the air inlet of the gas compressor through a pipeline, and the exhaust port of the gas compressor is connected with the high-pressure gas injection port through a pipeline;

[0008] The dehydrogenation system comprises a dehydrogenation chamber, a resistance heater and a vacuum pump. A vacuum port is provided on the side wall of the dehydrogenation chamber, and the vacuum port is connected to the vacuum pump through a pipeline. The resistance heater is wound on the outer wall of the dehydrogenation chamber. The upper part of the dehydrogenation chamber is provided with a feed port, and the lower part of the dehydrogenation chamber is provided with a discharge port. The feed port of the dehydrogenation chamber is connected with the discharge port of the particle filter, and the discharge port of the dehydrogenation chamber is connected with the material tank through a pipeline. A fourth valve is provided at the discharge port of the dehydrogenation chamber.

[0009] The heat circulation system includes a heat exchanger, a heat exchange pipe, and a temperature controller. The heat exchanger is installed on a pipe connecting the dehydrogenation chamber and the material tank. One end of the heat exchanger is connected to the oil inlet of the heating jacket through the heat exchange pipe. The temperature controller is installed at the oil inlet. The other end of the heat exchanger is connected to the oil discharge port of the heating jacket through the heat exchange pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, pressure sensors and temperature sensors are installed in the inner cavities of the hydrogenation reaction chamber and the dehydrogenation chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat exchange medium flowing in the heat exchange pipes, heat exchangers and spiral tube coils of the heat circulation system is high-temperature heat transfer oil.

[0012] Furthermore, the cylindrical target is made of corundum.

[0013] Furthermore, the gas compressor injects a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen into the crushing chamber through a high-pressure gas injection port.

[0014] Furthermore, the heating temperature of the resistance heater is 300°C to 450°C, and the heating temperature of the heating jacket is 50°C to 100°C.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0016] 1. This system adopts a chamber design. The materials pass through the mixing chamber, hydrogenation reaction chamber, crushing chamber, and dehydrogenation chamber in sequence. When the materials are processed in the current chamber, they enter the next chamber. The current chamber can continue to process the next batch of materials. Each chamber can work continuously, thus improving the preparation efficiency of samarium-cobalt alloy powder.

[0017] 2. This system has a heat circulation system. After the samarium cobalt powder is heated to 300℃~450℃ by the resistance heater in the dehydrogenation chamber for dehydrogenation, it enters the material tank through the heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat transfer oil in the heat exchanger, and raises the high-temperature heat transfer oil to a certain temperature. The heated high-temperature heat transfer oil enters the heating pipe on the outer wall of the hydrogenation reaction chamber through the heat exchange pipe and the temperature controller, providing a hydrogenation reaction temperature of 50℃~100℃ for the samarium cobalt alloy particles mixed with the catalyst, so that the samarium cobalt alloy can effectively absorb hydrogen and break, realizing the full utilization of thermal energy, which can effectively reduce resource waste and reduce production costs;

[0018] 3. The crushing chamber of this system is equipped with multiple cylindrical targets. The high-pressure nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas ejected from the jet port at the bottom of the crushing chamber drives the alloy particles to hit the cylindrical targets, so that the samarium-cobalt alloy particles are crushed. In addition, since the alloy particles after hydrogen absorption and expansion have many microcracks after crushing, the samarium-cobalt alloy particles can be further effectively crushed after hydrogen absorption and crushing to form single crystal particles, thereby improving the orientation degree of the magnet and ultimately improving the magnetic properties of the magnet;

[0019] 4. This system is equipped with a dehydrogenation chamber. The fully crushed samarium-cobalt alloy powder has fine grains. Therefore, compared with the conventional process of dehydrogenation after hydrogen absorption and then air flow grinding, the dehydrogenation is more complete and faster, which greatly shortens the preparation process. In addition, since the hydrogen content of the powder is lower, the magnet can obtain higher magnetic properties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model.

[0021] In the figure, 1 is a feed hopper, 2 is a jaw crusher, 3 is a mixing chamber, 4 is a hydrogenation reaction chamber, 5 is a crushing chamber, 6 is a first valve, 7 is a second valve, 8 is a vibrating screen, 9 is a heating jacket, 10 is a third valve, 11 is a cylindrical target, 12 is a high-pressure gas injection port, 13 is a particle classifier, 14 is a particle filter, 15 is a gas compressor, 16 is a dehydrogenation chamber, 17 is a resistance heater, 18 is a vacuum pump, 19 is a vacuum port, 20 is a fourth valve, 21 is a material tank, 22 is a heat exchanger, 23 is a heat exchange pipe, 24 is a temperature controller, 25 is a feeding port, and 26 is a hydrogen inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] like Figure 1 A system for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material is shown, comprising a hydrogenation reaction crushing system, a dehydrogenation system and a thermal cycle system, wherein:

[0024] The hydrogenation reaction crushing system comprises a feed hopper 1, a jaw crusher 2, a mixing chamber 3, a hydrogenation reaction chamber 4 and a crushing chamber 5. The feed port of the feed hopper 1 is connected with the feed port of the jaw crusher 2. The jaw crusher 2 crushes the samarium-cobalt ingot into alloy particles with a size less than 2 mm. The feed port of the jaw crusher 2 is connected with the feed port of the mixing chamber 3. A first valve 6 is arranged at the feed port of the jaw crusher 2. A feed port 25 for adding a catalyst is arranged on the top surface of the mixing chamber 3. A valve is installed at the feed port 25. The catalyst The samarium-cobalt alloy particles are fully mixed with the alloy particles in the mixing chamber 3. By adding a catalyst, the samarium-cobalt alloy particles can be more easily broken by hydrogen absorption, the hydrogen absorption time is shortened, and the hydrogen absorption temperature and pressure are reduced; the feed port of the mixing chamber 3 is connected with the feed port of the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4, a second valve 7 is arranged at the feed port of the mixing chamber 3, a vibrating screen 8 and a hydrogen inlet 26 are arranged at the feed port of the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4, the size of the samarium-cobalt particles after being broken in the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4 is less than 200 μm, and a heating jacket 9 is arranged on the outer wall of the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4 to heat The heating temperature of the jacket 9 is 50°C to 100°C (after adding the catalyst, the optimal hydrogen absorption temperature of the samarium-cobalt alloy is 50°C to 100°C), which can provide the required temperature for hydrogen absorption for the hydrogenation reaction chamber. A spiral tube coil is arranged in the heating jacket 9, and the upper end of the spiral tube coil is arranged as an oil inlet. The low-temperature oil after heat exchange is discharged from the oil outlet at the lower end of the spiral tube coil; the feed port of the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4 is connected with the feed port of the crushing chamber 5, a third valve 10 is arranged at the feed port of the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4, and at least five cylindrical valves are arranged across the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 5. Target 11, at least two high-pressure gas injection ports 12 are arranged on the bottom surface of the crushing chamber 5; a particle sorter 13 is installed on the top of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber 5, and the particle sorter 13 is connected to the air inlet of the particle filter 14 through a pipeline, and a feeding port is arranged below the particle filter 14, and the exhaust port of the particle filter 14 is connected to the air inlet of the gas compressor 15 through a pipeline, and the exhaust port of the gas compressor 15 is connected to the high-pressure gas injection port 12 through a pipeline; after being crushed by the hydrogen absorption reaction, the size of the samarium cobalt particles is relatively large and needs to be further crushed. The high-speed nitrogen-hydrogen mixture gas ejected from the high-pressure gas injection port 12 drives the alloy particles to impact the cylindrical target 11. Since there are many microcracks inside the alloy particles after hydrogen absorption and expansion, in the process of impacting the cylindrical target 11, the alloy particles are more easily broken into alloy powders with an average size of about 3~5μm;

[0025] The dehydrogenation system includes a dehydrogenation chamber 16, a resistance heater 17 and a vacuum pump 18. A vacuum port 19 is provided on the side wall of the dehydrogenation chamber 16, and the vacuum port 19 is connected to the vacuum pump 18 through a pipeline. The resistance heater 17 is wound on the outer wall of the dehydrogenation chamber 16. The upper part of the dehydrogenation chamber 16 is provided as a feed port, and the lower part of the dehydrogenation chamber 16 is provided as a discharge port. The feed port of the dehydrogenation chamber 16 is connected to the discharge port of the particle filter 14, and the discharge port of the dehydrogenation chamber 16 is connected to the material tank 21 through a pipeline. A fourth valve 20 is provided at the discharge port of the dehydrogenation chamber 16.

[0026] The heat circulation system includes a heat exchanger 22, a heat exchange pipe 23, and a temperature controller 24. The heat exchanger 22 is installed on a pipe connecting the dehydrogenation chamber 16 and the material tank 21. One end of the heat exchanger 22 is connected to the oil inlet of the heating jacket 9 through the heat exchange pipe 23. The temperature controller 24 is installed at the oil inlet. The other end of the heat exchanger 22 is connected to the oil discharge port of the heating jacket 9 through the heat exchange pipe 23.

[0027] Furthermore, pressure sensors and temperature sensors are installed in the inner cavities of the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4 and the dehydrogenation chamber 16 .

[0028] Furthermore, the heat exchange medium flowing in the heat exchange pipe 23, the heat exchanger 22 and the spiral tube coil of the heat circulation system is high-temperature heat transfer oil, which can work stably between room temperature and 500° C. for a long time to meet the heat exchange requirements.

[0029] Furthermore, the cylindrical target 11 is made of corundum, which has good wear resistance and can resist hydrogen erosion, which is beneficial to the stable operation of the equipment.

[0030] Furthermore, the gas compressor 15 injects a mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen into the crushing chamber 5 through the high-pressure gas injection port 12 .

[0031] Furthermore, the heating temperature of the resistance heater 17 is 300°C to 450°C, and the heating temperature of the heating jacket 9 is 50°C to 100°C.

[0032] The working process of the utility model is as follows:

[0033] Step 1: Add the samarium-cobalt alloy ingot into the equipment from the feed hopper 1. The alloy ingot is roughly crushed by the jaw crusher 2 and then enters the mixing chamber 3. After being fully mixed with the catalyst added from the feeding port 25, it enters the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4 and is heated and kept at 50-100°C and 0.1-0.3MPa hydrogen pressure for 0.2-1h to make the alloy particles absorb hydrogen and break. The hydrogen-absorbed and broken alloy powder enters the crushing chamber 5 and is further crushed by impacting the cylindrical target 11 driven by the high-pressure nitrogen-hydrogen mixture. The alloy powder that reaches the required size passes through the particle separator 13 and is filtered by the filter 14 and enters the dehydrogenation chamber 16. The powder that does not meet the size requirement continues to be crushed in the crushing chamber 5. The nitrogen-hydrogen mixture filtered by the filter 14 is pressurized by the compressor 15 and then enters the crushing chamber 5 again through the pipeline and the injection port 12. Finally, the samarium-cobalt alloy is crushed into samarium-cobalt powder of appropriate size.

[0034] Step 2: The material crushed to a suitable size in step 1 enters the dehydrogenation chamber 16 and is heated to 300-450°C by the resistance heater 17 and kept warm until the dehydrogenation chamber is evacuated to 10 by the vacuum pump 18. -3 Pa and remain stable, completing dehydrogenation. The dehydrogenated powder passes through the heat exchanger 22 for heat exchange and cooling, and then enters the material tank 21 to obtain the final required samarium cobalt powder.

[0035] The high-temperature heat transfer oil exchanges heat with the samarium-cobalt alloy powder in the heat exchanger 22, and the temperature is increased. The high-temperature heat transfer oil is adjusted to a suitable temperature through the heat exchange pipe 23 and the temperature controller 24, and then enters the heating jacket 9 to provide a suitable hydrogen absorption temperature for the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4. The cooled heat transfer oil then enters the heat exchanger 22 for heat exchange to achieve efficient utilization of thermal energy.

[0036] During the production process, after the material is crushed in the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4, it can enter the crushing chamber 5 through the valve, and new material enters the hydrogenation reaction chamber 4 again to absorb hydrogen and crush. The material crushed in the crushing chamber 5 continuously enters the dehydrogenation chamber, and new material continues to be crushed in the crushing chamber 5, so that uninterrupted continuous production can be achieved, which is more economical, efficient and convenient than the existing intermittent and batch production method, and is also conducive to ensuring stable product quality.

[0037] The above is only a specific implementation of the utility model, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the utility model should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A system for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material, comprising a hydrogenation reaction crushing system, a dehydrogenation system and a thermal cycle system, characterized in that: The hydrogenation reaction crushing system comprises a feed hopper (1), a jaw crusher (2), a mixing chamber (3), a hydrogenation reaction chamber (4) and a crushing chamber (5); the feed opening of the feed hopper (1) is connected to the feed opening of the jaw crusher (2); the feed opening of the jaw crusher (2) is connected to the feed opening of the mixing chamber (3); a first valve (6) is arranged at the position of the feed opening of the jaw crusher (2); and a feed filling port (25) for adding a catalyst is arranged on the top surface of the mixing chamber (3); the feed opening of the mixing chamber (3) is connected to the feed opening of the hydrogenation reaction chamber (4); a second valve (7) is arranged at the position of the feed opening of the mixing chamber (3); a vibrating screen (8) and a hydrogen inlet (26) are arranged at the position of the feed opening of the hydrogenation reaction chamber (4); a heating jacket (9) is arranged on the outer wall of the hydrogenation reaction chamber (4); a spiral tube is arranged in the heating jacket (9) The upper end of the spiral tube disk is provided with an oil inlet, and the low-temperature oil after heat exchange is discharged from the oil outlet at the lower end of the spiral tube disk; the feed outlet of the hydrogenation reaction chamber (4) is connected with the feed outlet of the crushing chamber (5), a third valve (10) is provided at the position of the feed outlet of the hydrogenation reaction chamber (4), at least five cylindrical targets (11) are provided across the inner cavity of the crushing chamber (5), and at least two high-pressure gas injection ports (12) are provided on the bottom surface of the crushing chamber (5); a particle separator (13) is installed on the top of the inner cavity of the crushing chamber (5), the particle separator (13) is connected with the air inlet of the particle filter (14) through a pipeline, a feed outlet is provided below the particle filter (14), the exhaust port of the particle filter (14) is connected with the air inlet of the gas compressor (15) through a pipeline, and the exhaust port of the gas compressor (15) is connected with the high-pressure gas injection port (12) through a pipeline; The dehydrogenation system comprises a dehydrogenation chamber (16), a resistance heater (17) and a vacuum pump (18); a vacuum port (19) is provided on the side wall of the dehydrogenation chamber (16); the vacuum port (19) is connected to the vacuum pump (18) through a pipeline; the resistance heater (17) is wound around the outer wall of the dehydrogenation chamber (16); the upper part of the dehydrogenation chamber (16) is provided as a feed port; the lower part of the dehydrogenation chamber (16) is provided as a discharge port; the feed port of the dehydrogenation chamber (16) is connected to the discharge port of the particle filter (14); the discharge port of the dehydrogenation chamber (16) is connected to the material tank (21) through a pipeline; and a fourth valve (20) is provided at the discharge port of the dehydrogenation chamber (16); The heat circulation system comprises a heat exchanger (22), a heat exchange pipe (23), and a temperature controller (24); the heat exchanger (22) is installed on a pipe connecting the dehydrogenation chamber (16) and the material tank (21); one end of the heat exchanger (22) is connected to the oil inlet of the heating jacket (9) through the heat exchange pipe (23); the temperature controller (24) is installed at the oil inlet; and the other end of the heat exchanger (22) is connected to the oil outlet of the heating jacket (9) through the heat exchange pipe (23).

2. A system for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pressure sensors and temperature sensors are installed in the inner cavities of the hydrogenation reaction chamber (4) and the dehydrogenation chamber (16).

3. The system for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange medium flowing in the heat exchange pipe (23), the heat exchanger (22) and the spiral tube coil of the heat circulation system is high-temperature heat transfer oil.

4. The system for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the cylindrical target (11) is corundum.

5. The system for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas compressor (15) injects a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen into the crushing chamber (5) through the high-pressure gas injection port (12).

6. The system for preparing samarium cobalt permanent magnet powder material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating temperature of the resistance heater (17) is 300°C to 450°C, and the heating temperature of the heating jacket (9) is 50°C to 100°C.

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