Layered combustion chamber for biomass pyrolysis gas

Abstract

The utility model discloses a biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber which comprises a carbonization chamber and a gasification combustion chamber which are formed in a box body, a smoke exhaust pipe controllably communicated with the gasification combustion chamber is arranged at the top of the box body, and a partition plate is arranged between the carbonization chamber and the gasification combustion chamber. The interlayer plate is provided with a pyrolysis gas guide pipe used for controllably communicating the biomass pyrolysis reactor with the gasification combustion chamber, the two ends of the interlayer plate are provided with a front opening and a rear opening respectively, the chamber walls of the carbonization chamber and the gasification combustion chamber are provided with heat insulation layers, and the top of the gasification combustion chamber is provided with a smoke exhaust port communicated with a smoke exhaust pipe; and adjustable flue flashboards are respectively arranged at the front opening, the rear opening and the smoke outlet. According to the biomass pyrolysis gas layered combustion chamber, biomass materials are carbonized at the controllable temperature through the carbonization chamber, the situation that the carbonization temperature is too high due to the fact that excessive pyrolysis gas burns in the carbonization chamber can be avoided, and the problem that the temperature is uncertain due to the fact that combustion of the pyrolysis gas is uncontrollable in a traditional gasification and carbonization device is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass carbonization, in particular to a biomass cracking gas stratified combustion chamber. Background Art

[0002] Biomass energy refers to the energy form produced by biomass raw materials. At present, biomass energy accounts for 14% of the world's total energy consumption, ranking fourth after oil, coal and natural gas. Biomass energy has the characteristics of large reserves, renewability, storability and substitutability, carbon neutrality and cleanliness, and has unique advantages in energy utilization and environmental protection. However, biomass is very scattered, with different forms and low energy density, which brings certain difficulties to collection, transportation, storage and utilization. Certain pretreatment measures or conversion technologies must be taken to make it practical. Among them, biomass pyrolysis carbonization technology is a very promising biomass energy utilization technology. It is a processing process that removes moisture and some oxygen, carbon and other components from biomass raw materials under low temperature and anoxic (or anaerobic) conditions to obtain biomass charcoal as the main product. Removing most of the moisture and a small amount of volatile matter during carbonization is a necessary way to obtain high-quality biomass charcoal. Due to the large differences in moisture content and composition structure of different biomass raw materials, this not only affects the carbonization speed of biomass raw materials, but also affects the carbonization quality of biomass.

[0003] The currently developed smoldering and spiral integrated carbonization furnaces generally have defects such as uncontrollable carbonization treatment temperature, single treatment variety, poor adaptability to biomass raw materials, and difficulty in ensuring biochar yield and biochar quality. In particular, the temperature of biomass during the carbonization process needs to be strictly controlled within a certain range, and biomass will release a large amount of cracking gas during the pyrolysis process. The cracking gas produced will further burn, aggravating the temperature rise of the carbonization chamber and causing the loss of biochar in the biomass cracking reactor. However, the existing smoldering and spiral integrated carbonization furnaces cannot solve the problem of temperature uncertainty caused by the uncontrollable combustion of cracking gas. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the defects existing in the above-mentioned technology, the utility model provides a biomass cracking gas stratified combustion chamber.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to achieve the above technical effects is:

[0006] A biomass cracking gas stratified combustion chamber comprises a carbonization chamber formed in the lower space inside a box body and a gasification combustion chamber in the upper space, a smoke exhaust pipe controllably connected to the gasification combustion chamber is provided on the top of the box body, a partition plate is provided between the carbonization chamber and the gasification combustion chamber, a cracking gas conduit for controllably connecting a biomass cracking reactor and the gasification combustion chamber is provided on the partition plate, a front opening and a rear opening are provided at both ends of the partition plate, a heat insulation layer is provided on the chamber walls of the carbonization chamber and the gasification combustion chamber, a smoke exhaust port connected to the smoke exhaust pipe is provided on the top of the gasification combustion chamber, and adjustable flue dampers are provided at the front opening, the rear opening and the smoke exhaust port.

[0007] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber, a front partition chamber is formed at the front end of the box body, and a rear partition chamber is formed at the rear end, the front partition chamber includes a first partition space at the top and a second partition space at the bottom, the motor control module corresponding to the adjustable flue damper on one side of the front opening is arranged in the first partition space, the damper is arranged in the gasification combustion chamber and covers the front opening, the second partition space is formed with an assembly port for assembling a biomass pyrolysis reactor on the vertical side wall along the length direction of the box body, the carbonization chamber is provided with a front carbonization chamber port at the position corresponding to the assembly port, the rear end of the carbonization chamber is formed with a rear carbonization chamber port connected to the rear partition chamber, the motor control module corresponding to the adjustable flue damper on one side of the rear opening is arranged in the rear partition chamber, the damper is arranged in the gasification combustion chamber and covers the rear opening.

[0008] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber, the carbonization chamber and the gasification combustion chamber are respectively connected to a temperature sensor, an automatic igniter and an air inlet with a controllable opening amount.

[0009] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber, the number of the pyrolysis gas conduits is set to three.

[0010] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber, the heat insulation layer is an aluminum oxide heat insulation layer.

[0011] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber, the upper and lower surfaces of the partition plate are respectively provided with the above-mentioned heat insulation layer.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber of the utility model provides carbonization of biomass materials at a controllable temperature through the carbonization chamber. In the early stage of carbonization, the pyrolysis gas generated by the biomass materials in the carbonization process is released into the carbonization chamber for combustion, providing the heat required for carbonization for the biomass pyrolysis reactor arranged in the carbonization chamber. When a large amount of pyrolysis gas is released, the pyrolysis gas duct can lead most of the pyrolysis gas out and release it into the gasification combustion chamber for combustion, converting it into heat energy for recovery, avoiding excessive carbonization temperature caused by combustion of too much pyrolysis gas in the carbonization chamber, and solving the problem of temperature uncertainty caused by uncontrollable combustion of pyrolysis gas in traditional gasification and carbonization equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is the internal structure diagram of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to further understand the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0015] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0016] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, or a connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0017] See also Figure 1As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the utility model proposes a biomass cracking gas stratified combustion chamber, which includes a carbonization chamber 2 formed in the lower space inside the box body 1 and a gasification combustion chamber 3 in the upper space. Among them, the main part of the biomass cracking reactor of the carbonization equipment is arranged in the carbonization chamber 2, and the biomass material is input therein and cracked and carbonized under the high temperature of the carbonization chamber 2. The gasification combustion chamber 3 is used to introduce a large amount of cracking gas generated during the peak period of biomass cracking for combustion. On the one hand, the heat energy of the cracking gas in the gasification combustion chamber 3 is recovered and utilized. On the other hand, by introducing the cracking gas into the gasification combustion chamber 3, the amount of cracking gas entering the carbonization chamber 2 is reduced, and the temperature of the carbonization chamber 2 can be effectively controlled to prevent the internal temperature of the carbonization chamber 2 from being too high. Specifically, as Figure 1 As shown, the top of the box body 1 is provided with a smoke exhaust pipe 4 which is controllably connected to the gasification combustion chamber 3, and the smoke generated by the gasification combustion chamber 3 is discharged through the smoke exhaust pipe 4. In order to achieve the isolation of the carbonization chamber 2 and the gasification combustion chamber 3, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, an interlayer plate 11 is provided between the carbonization chamber 2 and the gasification combustion chamber 3. In order to realize the transfer of cracked gas, a cracked gas duct 5 for controllably connecting the biomass cracking reactor and the gasification combustion chamber 3 is provided on the interlayer plate 11. In the initial stage of cracked gas release, the cracked gas duct 5 is closed, and the cracked gas generated in the biomass cracking reactor enters the carbonization chamber 2 for combustion, providing heat energy for the carbonization chamber 2. During the peak period of cracked gas release, the cracked gas duct 5 is controllably opened to introduce most of the cracked gas generated in the biomass cracking reactor into the gasification combustion chamber 3 for combustion, so as to prevent the temperature in the carbonization chamber from rising to an uncontrollable level due to the combustion of too much cracked gas in the carbonization chamber 2. The heat energy generated by the combustion introduced into the gasification combustion chamber 3 can be recycled, for example, a heat exchanger is arranged in the gasification combustion chamber 3 to realize hot water output, or a heat transfer oil heat exchanger is arranged in the gasification combustion chamber 3 to realize heat energy recycling. In order to further control the temperature in the carbonization chamber 2 and maintain it at a reasonable temperature during the peak period of cracked gas release, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, the two ends of the partition plate 11 are respectively provided with a front opening 12 and a rear opening 13. During the peak period of cracking gas release, when it is monitored that the temperature in the carbonization chamber 2 rises to a critical value, the front opening 12 and the rear opening 13 can be controlled to open the corresponding opening amount, so that the high-temperature flame and the unburned cracking gas in the carbonization chamber 2 enter the gasification combustion chamber 3 through the front opening 12 and the rear opening 13, thereby reducing the temperature in the carbonization chamber 2 and preventing the internal temperature of the carbonization chamber 2 from being too high. During the entire carbonization process, the front opening 12, the rear opening 13 and the cracking gas duct 5 can work together to regulate the temperature in the carbonization chamber 2 to avoid excessive carbonization temperature caused by the combustion of too much cracking gas in the carbonization chamber 2. In order to avoid heat loss, as Figure 1 As shown, the walls of the carbonization chamber 2 and the gasification combustion chamber 3 are provided with a heat insulation layer 6. Figure 1As shown, a smoke exhaust port 41 communicating with the smoke exhaust pipe 4 is disposed on the top of the gasification combustion chamber 3, and adjustable flue dampers 7 are disposed at the front opening 12, the rear opening 13 and the smoke exhaust port 41, respectively.

[0018] Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the front end of the box body 1 is formed with a front partition chamber 14, and the rear end is formed with a rear partition chamber 15. Specifically, the front partition chamber 14 includes a first partition space 141 at the top and a second partition space 142 at the bottom. The second partition space 142 is formed with an assembly port 1421 for assembling a biomass pyrolysis reactor on the vertical side wall along the length direction of the box body 1. The carbonization chamber 2 is provided with a front carbonization chamber port 21 at a position corresponding to the assembly port 1421. The rear end of the carbonization chamber 2 is formed with a rear carbonization chamber port 22 connected to the rear partition chamber 15. Specifically, the main body of the biomass pyrolysis reactor is arranged in the carbonization chamber 2, the front section of the biomass pyrolysis reactor is introduced into the second partition space 142 through the front carbonization chamber port 21, and then led out to the outside of the second partition space 142 through the assembly port 1421, and the rear section of the biomass pyrolysis reactor is led out to the rear partition chamber 15 through the rear carbonization chamber port 22. Among them, the assembly connection between the biomass pyrolysis reactor and the front carbonization chamber port 21, the rear carbonization chamber port 22 and the assembly port 1421 is respectively sealed and heat-insulated, which can prevent the heat energy in the carbonization chamber 2 from being transferred to the front partition chamber 14 and the rear partition chamber 15. Among them, the motor control module of the adjustable flue damper corresponding to the side of the front opening 12 is arranged in the first partition space 141, and the damper is arranged in the gasification combustion chamber 3 and covers the front opening 12. The motor control module of the adjustable flue damper corresponding to the side of the rear opening 13 is arranged in the rear partition chamber 15, and the damper is arranged in the gasification combustion chamber 3 and covers the rear opening 13. The motor control module of the adjustable flue damper corresponding to the side of the smoke exhaust port 41 is arranged in the bottom insulation base of the smoke exhaust pipe 4, and the damper is arranged at the bottom of the smoke exhaust pipe 4 and covers the smoke exhaust port 41.

[0019] Further, in a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the carbonization chamber 2 and the gasification combustion chamber 3 are respectively connected with a temperature sensor, an automatic igniter, and an air inlet with a controllable opening amount. Among them, the temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature in the carbonization chamber 2 and the gasification combustion chamber 3 in real time, the automatic igniter on the carbonization chamber 2 is used to ignite the natural gas entering the carbonization chamber 2 in the initial stage, and the automatic igniter on the gasification combustion chamber 3 is used to ignite the cracking gas entering the gasification combustion chamber 3. The automatic igniters at various locations are used for ignition in the initial stage and are closed after the subsequent cracking gas is stably burned. The air inlet with a controllable opening amount is used to control the amount of air entering the carbonization chamber 2 and the gasification combustion chamber 3. When the temperature inside the carbonization chamber 2 is too high, the temperature sensor transmits a signal to the host computer, and the host computer issues a closing angle instruction to the air inlet of the carbonization chamber 2 according to the set parameters. After receiving the instruction, the air inlet executes the corresponding closing angle through the valve plate to reduce the air entering the carbonization chamber 2. At the same time, the host computer issues an opening angle instruction to the adjustable flue dampers on the front opening 12 and the rear opening 13 according to the set parameters. After receiving the instruction, the motor control module of the adjustable flue dampers at the front and rear openings performs corresponding actions to control the dampers to open the corresponding angles from the front opening 12 and the rear opening 13, so that the flame and unburned cracking gas in the carbonization chamber 2 enter the gasification combustion chamber 3, so that the temperatures of the carbonization chamber 2 and the gasification combustion chamber 3 are within the respective set ranges. Among them, as a preferred embodiment of the utility model, Figure 1 As shown, the number of the cracking gas conduits 5 is set to three, and the heat insulation layer 6 is an alumina heat insulation layer. In order to achieve temperature isolation between the carbonization chamber 2 and the gasification combustion chamber 3, the upper and lower surfaces of the partition plate 11 are respectively provided with a heat insulation layer 6.

[0020] In the utility model, the cracking gas conduit on the biomass cracking reactor is directly connected to the gasification combustion chamber. When the cracking gas output is increased or maximized, the energy released by the accelerated advancement speed of the biomass material also increases exponentially. At this time, the temperature of the carbonization chamber must be controlled at a set temperature. At this time, the excess cracking gas is released to the gasification combustion chamber for combustion through the controllably opened cracking gas conduit, which can prevent the temperature in the carbonization chamber from continuing to rise, thereby maintaining the temperature in the carbonization chamber at the set carbonization temperature, solving a major problem of temperature uncertainty caused by the uncontrollable combustion of cracking gas in traditional gasification and carbonization equipment.

[0021] The above shows and describes the basic principle, main features and advantages of the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and the specification only describe the principle of the utility model. The utility model may have various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the utility model to be protected, and the scope of protection required by the utility model is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber, characterized in that: The invention comprises a carbonization chamber (2) formed in the lower space inside a box body (1) and a gasification combustion chamber (3) in the upper space, the top of the box body (1) is provided with a smoke exhaust pipe (4) which is controllably connected to the gasification combustion chamber (3), an interlayer plate (11) is provided between the carbonization chamber (2) and the gasification combustion chamber (3), the interlayer plate (11) is provided with a cracking gas conduit (5) for controllably connecting a biomass cracking reactor and the gasification combustion chamber (3), and the two ends of the interlayer plate (11) are respectively provided with front openings (1 2) and a rear opening (13), a heat insulating layer (6) is provided on the walls of the carbonization chamber (2) and the gasification combustion chamber (3), a smoke exhaust port (41) connected to the smoke exhaust pipe (4) is provided on the top of the gasification combustion chamber (3), and adjustable flue dampers (7) are provided at the front opening (12), the rear opening (13) and the smoke exhaust port (41); the carbonization chamber (2) and the gasification combustion chamber (3) are respectively connected to a temperature sensor, an automatic igniter and an air inlet with a controllable opening amount.

2. The biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the box body (1) is formed with a front partition chamber (14), and the rear end is formed with a rear partition chamber (15), the front partition chamber (14) comprising a first partition space (141) at the top and a second partition space (142) at the bottom, the motor control module of the adjustable flue damper corresponding to one side of the front opening (12) is arranged in the first partition space (141), the damper is arranged in the gasification combustion chamber (3) and covers the front opening (12), and the second partition space (142) is arranged along the length direction of the box body (1). An assembly opening (1421) for assembling a biomass cracking reactor is formed on a vertical side wall, the carbonization chamber (2) is provided with a front carbonization chamber opening (21) at a position corresponding to the assembly opening (1421), and a rear carbonization chamber opening (22) connected to the rear partition chamber (15) is formed at the rear end of the carbonization chamber (2), a motor control module of the adjustable flue damper corresponding to one side of the rear opening (13) is arranged in the rear partition chamber (15), and the damper is arranged in the gasification combustion chamber (3) and covers the rear opening (13).

3. The biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the cracking gas conduits (5) is set to three.

4. The biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat insulation layer (6) is an aluminum oxide heat insulation layer.

5. The biomass pyrolysis gas stratified combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat insulating layer (6) is provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the partition plate (11), respectively.

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