Milling machining center spindle

Abstract

The utility model provides a main shaft of a milling and turning machining center, and belongs to the technical field of machining equipment. The main shaft solves the problem that accuracy is low when a piston fluted disc and a fixed fluted disc are meshed in an existing main shaft. The milling machining center spindle comprises a sleeve, a rotatable spindle body is arranged in the sleeve in a penetrating mode, a rotating fluted disc is fixed to the spindle body, a fixed fluted disc fixed to the sleeve is arranged on the peripheral side of the rotating fluted disc in a sleeving mode, and a piston fluted disc capable of axially moving is arranged on one side of the rotating fluted disc. When the piston fluted disc gets close to the rotating fluted disc, the piston fluted disc can be meshed with the rotating fluted disc and the fixed fluted disc at the same time, a sliding hole is formed in the fixed fluted disc in the axial direction, and a rigid pin capable of sliding is inserted into the sliding hole. The end, facing the piston fluted disc, of the rigid pin stretches out of the fixed fluted disc, then abuts against the piston fluted disc and is clamped into a tooth groove of the piston fluted disc, and a reset spring is arranged between the end, back to the piston fluted disc, of the rigid pin and the sleeve. The main shaft improves the accuracy when the piston fluted disc is meshed with the fixed fluted disc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of machine tool equipment and relates to a spindle of a milling and turning machining center. Background Technique

[0002] High-grade CNC machine tools have multifunctional characteristics such as high speed, high precision, intelligence, compounding, multi-axis linkage, and Internet communication. Their development level is an important symbol of a country's modern industrialization. Among them, the milling and turning machining center machine tool is a kind of high-grade CNC machine tool, which can continuously perform milling and turning compound machining on one machine tool, improving the machining quality and machining efficiency.

[0003] The milling and turning machining center machine tool is provided with a rotary table for clamping workpieces and a spindle for installing tools. During milling, the spindle is in a rotatable state, and during turning, the spindle is in a locked state. For example, a small pneumatically driven milling and turning compound electric spindle [Publication No.: CN214557452U] proposed in the Chinese patent literature is composed of a sleeve, a spindle stator, a spindle rotor, a front bearing group, a rear bearing group, a front bearing seat, a rear bearing seat, a fixed tooth disc, a rotating tooth disc, and a piston tooth disc. The spindle stator is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve, the spindle rotor is located in the inner hole of the spindle stator, and is supported by the front bearing group and the rear bearing group. The front bearing group and the rear bearing group are respectively located in the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat at the front and rear ends of the sleeve; an annular cavity and a gas passage communicating with the annular cavity are provided on the sleeve. A piston tooth disc is installed at the front end of the annular cavity, and a return spring is arranged at the front end of the piston tooth disc. The piston tooth disc moves back and forth along the annular cavity under the action of gas pressure and the return spring; the fixed tooth disc is connected to the rear end of the front bearing seat, the rotating tooth disc is located between the fixed tooth disc and the spindle rotor, and is fixedly connected to the spindle rotor; the fixed tooth disc and the rotating tooth disc can be simultaneously engaged with the piston tooth disc.

[0004] During milling of the above-mentioned milling and turning compound electric spindle, electricity is applied to the spindle stator, and the spindle stator and the spindle rotor interact to drive the spindle rotor to rotate. When a turning tool is installed on the spindle, compressed gas is introduced into the gas passage, and the piston tooth disc moves forward along the annular cavity under the action of gas pressure, so that the piston tooth disc is engaged with the fixed tooth disc and the rotating tooth disc, and the return spring is compressed. At this time, turning can be carried out. After the turning is completed, the supply of gas to the gas passage is stopped, and the piston tooth disc moves backward under the action of the return spring, thereby disengaging from the fixed tooth disc and the rotating tooth disc. When electricity is applied to the spindle stator again, milling can be carried out again. The piston tooth disc can also be hydraulically driven. The above-mentioned return spring generally uses a compression spring. The compression spring has a spiral structure and can be bent or folded, so that the piston tooth disc has no stable positioning in the circumferential direction when it is not engaged with the fixed tooth disc and the rotating tooth disc, that is, the piston tooth disc can shake in the circumferential direction, thus affecting the accuracy when the piston tooth disc is engaged with the fixed tooth disc. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to address the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and propose a spindle for a milling and turning machining center. The technical problem to be solved is how to improve the accuracy of the engagement between the piston gear disc and the fixed gear disc.

[0006] The purpose of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A spindle for a milling and turning machining center comprises a sleeve, a rotatable spindle body is passed through the sleeve, a rotating gear disc is fixed on the spindle body, a fixed gear disc fixed to the sleeve is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the rotating gear disc, an axially movable piston gear disc is provided on one side of the rotating gear disc, when the piston gear disc approaches the rotating gear disc, the piston gear disc can mesh with the rotating gear disc and the fixed gear disc at the same time, and is characterized in that a sliding hole is axially provided on the fixed gear disc, a slidable rigid pin is inserted into the sliding hole, the rigid pin extends out of the fixed gear disc toward one end of the piston gear disc, then abuts against the piston gear disc and is stuck in the tooth groove of the piston gear disc, and a return spring is provided between the end of the rigid pin facing away from the piston gear disc and the sleeve.

[0008] When turning is required, the piston gear disc approaches the rotating gear disc and meshes with the fixed gear disc and the rotating gear disc at the same time, so that the rotating gear disc is locked on the fixed gear disc, and the spindle body is locked and cannot rotate. Since the rigid pin abuts against the piston gear disc, the piston gear disc moves and drives the rigid pin to move toward the sleeve, so that the reset spring is compressed to generate elastic potential energy; when milling is required, the piston gear disc moves in the opposite direction under the action of the reset spring to disengage from the fixed gear disc and the rotating gear disc, release the locking state of the spindle body, and restore the spindle body to a rotatable state. Since the two ends of the rigid pin are respectively inserted into the sliding hole and stuck in the tooth groove of the piston gear disc, the piston gear disc can form a stable circumferential positioning through the rigid pin, so the piston gear disc will not shake circumferentially, so that the teeth of the piston gear disc are aligned with the tooth groove of the fixed gear disc, and the accuracy of the engagement between the piston gear disc and the fixed gear disc is improved.

[0009] In the above-mentioned spindle for the milling and turning machining center, the end surface of the rigid pin facing away from the piston toothed disc has a protruding rod-shaped positioning portion, and the reset spring is completely sleeved on the positioning portion. The positioning portion has a guiding and positioning function for the reset spring, so that the reset spring can be stably extended and retracted, thereby making the axial movement of the piston toothed disc stable.

[0010] In the above-mentioned spindle for the milling and turning machining center, the inner side of the sleeve is provided with a mounting ring, the end face of the fixed toothed disc facing away from the piston toothed disc is abutted against the mounting ring and fixed, the mounting ring is provided with a receiving groove, the reset spring is located in the receiving groove, and the bottom surface of the receiving groove is also provided with an avoidance hole for the positioning part to be inserted. The receiving groove also has a guiding and positioning function for the reset spring, so that the reset spring can be stably extended and retracted, thereby making the axial movement of the piston toothed disc stable. The avoidance hole has an avoidance function for the positioning part to avoid interference when the rigid pin slides.

[0011] In the above-mentioned spindle for the milling and turning machining center, the outer side of the rigid pin has a protruding retaining ring, and the wall surface of the sliding hole has a convex shoulder, which is located between the retaining ring and the piston gear plate, and the retaining ring can stop on the convex shoulder. The setting of the retaining ring and the convex shoulder has an axial limiting effect on the rigid pin, preventing the rigid pin from falling out of the sliding hole under the action of the reset spring, especially in the process of assembling the fixed gear plate.

[0012] In the above-mentioned spindle for the milling and turning machining center, the outer side surface of the spindle body has a protruding positioning ring, the rotating toothed disc is located between the piston toothed disc and the positioning ring, the rotating toothed disc is fixedly connected to the positioning ring, and an adjustment gasket is sandwiched between the rotating toothed disc and the positioning ring. The adjustment gasket is used to adjust the axial position of the rotating toothed disc so that the top of the teeth of the rotating toothed disc is flush with the top of the teeth of the fixed toothed disc, ensuring that the piston toothed disc is meshed with the rotating toothed disc and the fixed toothed disc at the same time.

[0013] In the above-mentioned milling and turning center spindle, there are several sliding holes and they are evenly arranged along the circumference of the fixed toothed disc, and a rigid pin is arranged in each sliding hole. This can make the piston toothed disc evenly stressed and make the axial movement of the piston toothed disc stable.

[0014] In the above-mentioned milling and turning center spindle, one end of the sleeve is fixedly connected to a bearing seat, a bearing group is arranged between the bearing seat and the spindle body, a piston groove is arranged on the end face of the bearing seat facing the sleeve, and the piston gear plate is located in the piston groove. The arrangement of the bearing group makes the spindle body rotate stably and smoothly, and the piston gear plate is arranged in the piston groove at the end face of the bearing seat, so that the piston gear plate is easy to assemble.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:

[0016] A sliding hole is provided on the fixed toothed disc, and a sliding rigid pin is inserted into the sliding hole. One end of the rigid pin is inserted into the tooth groove of the piston toothed disc. At the same time, a reset spring is connected to the rigid pin. The rigid pin can not only transmit the elastic force of the reset spring to make the piston toothed disc detach from the fixed toothed disc and reset the rotating toothed disc, but also can make the piston toothed disc form a stable circumferential positioning, so that the teeth of the piston toothed disc are aligned with the tooth groove of the fixed toothed disc, thereby improving the accuracy of the engagement between the piston toothed disc and the fixed toothed disc. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the spindle of this milling and turning machining center.

[0018] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the enlarged view of part A in

[0019] In the figure, 1 is a sleeve; 1a is a mounting ring; 1b is a receiving groove; 1c is an avoidance hole; 2 is a motor; 3 is a spindle body; 3a is a positioning ring; 4 is a rotating gear disk; 5 is a fixed gear disk; 5a is a sliding hole; 5b is a shoulder; 6 is a piston gear disk; 7 is a rigid pin; 7a is a positioning part; 7b is a retaining ring; 8 is a return spring; 9 is an adjusting shim; 10 is a bearing seat; 10a is a piston groove; 11 is a bearing set. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment

[0020] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0021] As Figure 1 shown, a spindle of a milling and turning machining center includes a sleeve 1 and a motor 2. The stator of the motor 2 is inserted and fixed in the sleeve 1. The rotor of the motor 2 is rotatably inserted in the stator of the motor 2, and a spindle body 3 is inserted and fixed in the rotor of the motor 2. The left end of the sleeve 1 is fixedly connected to a bearing seat 10. The left end of the spindle body 3 is inserted into the bearing seat 10, and a bearing set 11 is provided between the bearing seat 10 and the spindle body 3. A cooling sleeve corresponding to the bearing set 11 is sleeved outside the bearing seat 10, and a spiral cooling channel is provided between the outer side surface of the bearing seat 10 and the inner side surface of the cooling sleeve. By introducing coolant into the cooling channel, the bearing can be cooled to prevent the bearing set 11 from overheating and deforming, which may cause a decrease in the rotation accuracy of the spindle body 3. A rotating gear disk 4 is fixed on the spindle body 3 between the bearing set 11 and the motor 2. A fixed gear disk 5 fixed to the sleeve 1 is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the rotating gear disk 4. A piston gear disk 6 that can axially move is provided on the left side of the rotating gear disk 4. When the piston gear disk 6 approaches the rotating gear disk 4, the piston gear disk 6 can be engaged with both the rotating gear disk 4 and the fixed gear disk 5 at the same time. When the piston gear disk 6 moves away from the rotating gear disk 4, the piston gear disk 6 can be disengaged from both the rotating gear disk 4 and the fixed gear disk 5 at the same time. A piston groove 10a is provided on the end surface of the bearing seat 10 facing the sleeve 1, and the piston gear disk 6 is located in the piston groove 10a. The outer side surface of the piston gear disk 6 has a protruding force-receiving ring. There is an oil chamber between the left end surface of the force-receiving ring and the groove wall surface of the piston groove 10a. An oil inlet hole is provided on the bearing seat 10, and the oil inlet hole communicates with the oil chamber. The oil inlet hole is not shown in the figure. When oil enters through the oil inlet hole, the piston gear disk 6 moves to the right under the action of hydraulic pressure.

[0022] As Figure 2As shown, a protruding positioning ring 3a is provided on the outer side surface of the main shaft body 3. The rotating gear disk 4 is located between the piston gear disk 6 and the positioning ring 3a. The rotating gear disk 4 is fixedly connected to the positioning ring 3a, and an adjusting gasket 9 is clamped between the rotating gear disk 4 and the positioning ring 3a. The rotating gear disk 4 is fixed to the positioning ring 3a by a countersunk head bolt. The countersunk head bolt passes through the rotating gear disk 4 and the adjusting gasket 9 and is threadedly connected to the positioning ring 3a. After tightening the countersunk head bolt, the adjusting gasket 9 is clamped between the rotating gear disk 4 and the positioning ring 3a. An installation ring 1a is provided on the inner side surface of the sleeve 1. The right end face of the fixed gear disk 5 abuts against the installation ring 1a and is fixed. The fixed gear disk 5 is fixed to the installation ring 1a by a countersunk head bolt. The countersunk head bolt passes through the fixed gear disk 5 and is threadedly connected to the installation ring 1a. Axial sliding holes 5a are provided on the fixed gear disk 5. There are several sliding holes 5a and they are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the fixed gear disk 5. For example, six, eight or ten sliding holes 5a are provided. A slidable rigid pin 7 is inserted into each sliding hole 5a. The rigid pin 7 has a clearance fit with the sliding hole 5a. The rigid pin 7 is made of a metal material, such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy or copper alloy, etc. The left end of the rigid pin 7 extends out of the fixed gear disk 5 and is snapped into the tooth alveolus of the piston gear disk 6, and the left end face of the rigid pin 7 abuts against the bottom surface of the tooth alveolus of the piston gear disk 6. The circumferential groove width of the tooth alveolus of the piston gear disk 6 is equal to the diameter of the left end of the rigid pin 7. A return spring 8 is provided between the right end of the rigid pin 7 and the installation ring 1a. The return spring 8 is a compression spring or several stacked disc springs, and the installation directions of adjacent two disc springs are opposite. A protruding rod-shaped positioning portion 7a is provided on the right end face of the rigid pin 7. The return spring 8 is entirely sleeved on the positioning portion 7a. A receiving groove 1b is provided on the left end face of the installation ring 1a. The return spring 8 is located in the receiving groove 1b. An avoidance hole 1c for inserting the positioning portion 7a is further provided on the bottom surface of the receiving groove 1b. A protruding retaining ring 7b is provided on the outer side surface of the rigid pin 7. A shoulder 5b is provided on the wall surface of the sliding hole 5a. The shoulder 5b is located on the left side of the retaining ring 7b and the retaining ring 7b can stop against the shoulder 5b.

[0023] When turning is required, oil enters through the oil inlet hole, and the piston gear disc 6 moves to the right and simultaneously meshes with the fixed gear disc 5 and the rotating gear disc 4, so that the rotating gear disc 4 is locked on the fixed gear disc 5, and the main spindle body 3 is locked and cannot rotate. At the same time, the rigid pin 7 slides to the right, and the return spring 8 is compressed; when milling is required, the oil inlet hole is depressurized, and under the elastic force of the return spring 8, the rigid pin 7 slides to the left, thereby driving the piston gear disc 6 to slide to the left and disengage from the fixed gear disc 5 and the rotating gear disc 4, releasing the locked state of the main spindle body 3 and making the main spindle body 3 return to the rotatable state. Since both ends of the rigid pin 7 are respectively inserted into the sliding hole 5a and clamped into the tooth grooves of the piston gear disc 6, the piston gear disc 6 can form a stable circumferential positioning through the rigid pin 7. The rigid pin 7 can not only transmit the elastic force of the return spring 8 to disengage the piston gear disc 6 from the fixed gear disc 5 and the rotating gear disc 4 for resetting, but also enable the piston gear disc 6 to form a stable circumferential positioning, align the teeth of the piston gear disc 6 with the tooth grooves of the fixed gear disc 5, and improve the accuracy when the piston gear disc 6 meshes with the fixed gear disc 5.

[0024] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods for substitution, but will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A spindle for a milling and turning machining center, comprising a sleeve (1), a rotatable spindle body (3) passing through the sleeve (1), a rotating toothed disc (4) fixed on the spindle body (3), a fixed toothed disc (5) fixed to the sleeve (1) sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the rotating toothed disc (4), an axially movable piston toothed disc (6) being provided on one side of the rotating toothed disc (4), the piston toothed disc (6) being able to mesh with the rotating toothed disc (4) and the fixed toothed disc (5) at the same time when the piston toothed disc (6) approaches the rotating toothed disc (4), characterized in that: The fixed toothed disc (5) is provided with a sliding hole (5a) in the axial direction, and a slidable rigid pin (7) is inserted into the sliding hole (5a). The rigid pin (7) extends out of the fixed toothed disc (5) toward one end of the piston toothed disc (6), abuts against the piston toothed disc (6) and is inserted into the tooth groove of the piston toothed disc (6). A return spring (8) is provided between the end of the rigid pin (7) facing away from the piston toothed disc (6) and the sleeve (1).

2. The spindle for a milling and turning machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid pin (7) has a protruding rod-shaped positioning portion (7a) on the end surface facing away from the piston toothed disc (6), and the return spring (8) is entirely sleeved on the positioning portion (7a).

3. The spindle for a milling and turning machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side surface of the sleeve (1) is provided with a mounting ring (1a); the end surface of the fixed toothed disc (5) facing away from the piston toothed disc (6) is abutted against the mounting ring (1a) and fixed; the mounting ring (1a) is provided with a receiving groove (1b); the return spring (8) is located in the receiving groove (1b); and the bottom surface of the receiving groove (1b) is also provided with an avoidance hole (1c) for inserting the positioning portion (7a).

4. The spindle for a milling and turning machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer side surface of the rigid pin (7) has a protruding retaining ring (7b), and the hole wall surface of the sliding hole (5a) has a convex shoulder (5b). The convex shoulder (5b) is located between the retaining ring (7b) and the piston toothed disc (6), and the retaining ring (7b) can be stopped on the convex shoulder (5b).

5. The spindle for a milling and turning machining center according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The outer side surface of the main shaft body (3) is provided with a protruding positioning ring (3a); the rotating toothed disc (4) is located between the piston toothed disc (6) and the positioning ring (3a); the rotating toothed disc (4) is fixedly connected to the positioning ring (3a); and an adjusting gasket (9) is sandwiched between the rotating toothed disc (4) and the positioning ring (3a).

6. The spindle for a milling and turning machining center according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: There are a plurality of sliding holes (5a) which are evenly arranged along the circumference of the fixed toothed disc (5), and a rigid pin (7) is provided in each sliding hole (5a).

7. The spindle for a milling and turning machining center according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: One end of the sleeve (1) is fixedly connected to a bearing seat (10), a bearing group (11) is arranged between the bearing seat (10) and the main shaft body (3), a piston groove (10a) is arranged on the end surface of the bearing seat (10) facing the sleeve (1), and the piston toothed disc (6) is located in the piston groove (10a).

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