Novel compressor shell
By designing the new compressor case and adopting a flat bottom and a circular oil storage tank structure, the problem of excessive oil storage volume in the existing compressor case is solved, and the effect of reducing oil storage volume and fuel consumption is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421725039.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-19
AI Technical Summary
Excessive oil storage of existing compressor housings leads to an increase in fuel consumption.
A new type of compressor housing is designed, with the bottom of the shell being a flat bottom and a circular oil storage tank is set up in the middle. The middle position of the oil storage tank is lower than the edge position, and the edge is flush with the plane bottom.
Reduces the amount of oil stored inside the compressor, while ensuring the normal oil use of the compressor and reducing fuel consumption.
Smart Images

Figure CN222991671U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a housing structure, and more specifically, to a novel compressor housing. Background Art
[0002] A compressor is a driven fluid machine that boosts low-pressure gas to high-pressure gas. The performance of a compressor is affected by many factors. Among them, the compressor housing also affects the performance of the compressor. The compressor housing not only needs to house the compressor components, but also store oil for the compressor to provide the required oil for the compressor; however, the existing compressor housing requires a relatively high oil storage capacity to ensure the oil supply for the compressor, which increases the oil consumption to a certain extent.
[0003] For example: Chinese Patent Publication No. CN215213861U, publication date December 17, 2021, the name of the utility model is a compressor with an integrated structure of a water receiving tray and a housing. This application discloses a compressor housing structure, including a compressor housing, which includes a compressor upper housing and a compressor lower housing. The upper end of the compressor lower housing is in a stepped structure. The bottom end of the compressor upper housing is embedded in the compressor lower housing, and the bottom end surface of the compressor upper housing is in sealing contact with the stepped surface of the stepped structure; the upper end surface of the compressor lower housing extends outward to form a water receiving tray. This solution can increase the heat dissipation area of the compressor upper housing. However, in this solution, the bottom of the compressor is a flat-bottomed structure as a whole, and the oil used inside the compressor will be stored in this position. The flat-bottomed housing will greatly increase the oil consumption (oil storage capacity) inside the compressor. Summary of the Utility Model
[0004] The utility model overcomes the problem of excessive oil storage in the existing compressor housing, provides a novel compressor housing. This solution can reduce the oil storage capacity inside the compressor and ensure the normal oil supply for the compressor, reducing oil consumption.
[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present utility model adopts the following technical solutions: A new type of compressor housing, including a housing, the bottom of the housing is a flat bottom, a circular oil storage groove is provided in the middle of the flat bottom, the middle position of the oil storage groove is lower than the edge position of the oil storage groove, and the edge of the oil storage groove is flush with the flat bottom. In this solution, setting the compressor housing into a flat bottom structure can reduce the overall height of the compressor, and setting an oil storage groove in the middle of the flat bottom can be used to store the oil required for the compressor. Since the oil is only stored in the oil storage groove, and the area of the oil storage groove is smaller than the area of the entire flat bottom, the oil storage amount inside the compressor can be greatly reduced. Moreover, the middle position of the oil storage groove is lower and the edge position is higher, so the oil will gather at the middle position of the oil storage groove and form an oil height, which can be normally sucked by the oil feeding structure on the crankshaft of the compressor. In addition, since the flat bottom is flush with the edge of the oil storage groove, the oil falling on the flat bottom will also flow into the oil storage groove to ensure the oil amount in the oil storage groove. Therefore, this solution reduces the oil storage amount inside the compressor while ensuring the normal oil use of the compressor.
[0006] Preferably, a fillet transition is provided between the oil storage groove and the flat bottom. The fillet can reduce the concentrated stress between the connection of the oil storage groove and the flat bottom. In addition, the fillet can also play a guiding role for the oil, guiding the oil on the flat bottom into the oil storage groove.
[0007] Preferably, four uniformly distributed support seats are provided at the edge of the flat bottom, and the support seats and the flat bottom are an integral plane. The support seats are used to provide support for the compressor assembly. The support seats are formed by continuously extending outward from the flat bottom and are integrally formed with the support seats, which can effectively reduce the process difficulty.
[0008] Preferably, a reinforcing portion is provided between the support seats, and the reinforcing portions are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the oil storage groove. In order to enhance the strength of the compressor housing, a reinforcing portion is provided between the support seats, and the reinforcing portion increases the thickness of the housing.
[0009] Preferably, a support foot is provided outside the housing and corresponding to the position of the reinforcing portion. The support foot includes a first connecting portion, and the first connecting portion is fixedly connected to the housing. The support foot is used for fixing the whole compressor in the complete equipment, and the first connecting portion is used for the fixed connection between the support foot and the housing.
[0010] Preferably, the support foot further includes a second connecting portion. The first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are integrally formed, and reinforcing ribs are provided on the second connecting portion. The second connecting portion is used for fixing the whole compressor in the complete equipment, and the reinforcing ribs can enhance the strength of the second connecting portion and prevent the support foot from deforming.
[0011] Preferably, the connecting part between the support base and the housing is an arc surface, and the arc surface is arranged vertically. The vertically arranged arc surface can provide a support space for the compressor assembly, preventing the side wall of the compressor housing from blocking the compressor assembly and making it impossible to install the compressor assembly.
[0012] Preferably, a power interface assembly is further provided on the housing, and the interface assembly includes a terminal with a diameter of 20 mm. In this solution, the power interface assembly is also improved by using a miniaturized terminal, reducing the size of the terminal.
[0013] Preferably, a plurality of air pipe holes are further provided on the housing. The air pipe holes are used to connect the compressor air pipes, including an intake air pipe hole and an exhaust air pipe hole.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: (1) It can reduce the oil storage amount inside the compressor and ensure the normal oil use of the compressor; (2) The structure is simple and has high structural strength, which can meet the working requirements; (3) The support of the compressor assembly is more stable, which can ensure the installation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 Is an isometric view of the present utility model.
[0016] Figure 2 Is a top view of the present utility model.
[0017] Figure 3 Is a front view of the present utility model.
[0018] Figure 4 Is a partial sectional view of the present utility model.
[0019] Figure 5 Is a bottom view of the present utility model.
[0020] In the figure: 1. Housing, 2. Flat bottom, 3. Oil storage tank, 4. Support base, 5. Reinforcing part, 6. Support feet, 61. First connecting part, 62. Second connecting part, 621. Reinforcing rib, 622. Mounting hole, 7. Arc surface, 8. Power interface assembly, 81. Terminal, 82. Mounting plate, 9. Air pipe hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be further specifically described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.
[0022] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 4A novel compressor housing shown in the figure includes a housing 1. The side wall of the housing 1 is an arc-shaped side structure, and the inner bottom of the housing 1 is a flat bottom 2 structure. The side wall of the housing 1 and the flat bottom 2 are smoothly connected through an arc surface, so that the side wall of the housing 1 and the flat bottom 2 are an integral structure.
[0023] An oil storage groove 3 is arranged on the flat bottom 2. The oil storage groove 3 is circular as a whole. The oil storage groove 3 is arranged in the middle of the flat bottom 2. The bottom of the oil storage groove 3 is spherical. The middle of the oil storage groove 3 is lower than the edge of the oil storage groove 3. The oil liquid inside the compressor housing 1 will gather in the oil storage groove 3. Setting the bottom of the compressor housing 1 as the flat bottom 2 structure can reduce the overall height of the compressor, and arranging the oil storage groove 3 in the middle of the flat bottom 2 can be used to store the oil liquid required by the compressor. Since the oil liquid is only stored in the oil storage groove 3, and the area of the oil storage groove 3 is smaller than the area of the entire flat bottom 2, the oil storage amount inside the compressor can be greatly reduced; and the middle position of the oil storage groove 3 is lower and the edge position is higher, so the oil liquid will gather in the middle position of the oil storage groove 3 and form an oil liquid height. After the compressor assembly is assembled inside the compressor housing 1, the oil suction port at the bottom of the oil supply structure on the crankshaft of the compressor assembly will be immersed in the oil storage groove 3, and the oil liquid height in the oil storage groove 3 can ensure the normal oil supply of the crankshaft. In addition, since the flat bottom 2 is flush with the edge of the oil storage groove 3, the oil liquid falling on the flat bottom 2 will also flow into the oil storage groove 3 to ensure the oil amount in the oil storage groove 3. Therefore, this solution reduces the oil storage amount inside the compressor while ensuring the normal oil use of the compressor.
[0024] It should be noted that a fillet structure is arranged between the edge of the oil storage groove 3 and the flat bottom 2. The fillet can reduce the concentrated stress between the connection of the oil storage groove 3 and the flat bottom 2. In addition, the fillet can also play a guiding role for the oil liquid, guiding the oil liquid on the flat bottom 2 into the oil storage groove 3. When there is oil liquid on the flat bottom 2, the oil liquid will form an oil film on the flat bottom 2. After the oil film reaches a certain thickness, it will be guided into the oil storage groove 3 under the action of the fillet, so as to ensure the oil amount in the oil storage groove 3.
[0025] Four support seats 4 are arranged around the flat bottom. The support seats 4 are evenly arranged at the four corners around the flat bottom 2. The flat bottom 2 and the support seats 4 can be integrally formed by stamping. The surface of the support seats 4 is flush with the surface of the flat bottom 2, so as to ensure that the surfaces of the four support seats 4 are at the same height, which is beneficial to the stable installation of the compressor assembly. The surface between the support seats 4 and the side wall of the compressor housing is an arc surface 7. Since the compressor assembly needs to be placed on the support seats 4 as a whole from top to bottom, in order to avoid interference between the compressor assembly and the compressor housing 1, the arc surface 7 needs to be arranged vertically. In addition, the vertically arranged arc surface 7 also has a limiting effect on the support part at the bottom of the compressor assembly.
[0026] An enhancing part 5 is also arranged inside the compressor. Since the bottom of the compressor is entirely flat and the support base 4 is also flush with the flat bottom 2, it may lead to relatively low strength at the bottom of the compressor. Therefore, the enhancing part 5 needs to be arranged at the inner bottom position of the compressor. Specifically, the enhancing part 5 is arranged between the support bases 4. The enhancing part 5 is at least arranged in a pair and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the oil storage tank 3. Thus, the enhancing part 5 is also distributed on the left and right positions of the compressor housing. Since the enhancing part 5 has sufficient structural strength, support feet 6 can be arranged on the enhancing part 5 and outside the housing 1. The support feet 6 are used to fix the whole compressor in the complete equipment.
[0027] Specifically, the support foot 6 includes a first connecting part 61 and a second connecting part 62. The first connecting part 61 and the second connecting part 62 are of an integral structure, and the support foot 6 is a bent part. The support foot 6 is bent at the connecting position between the first connecting part 61 and the second connecting part 62, such that the first connecting part 61 is located at a lower position. The first connecting part 61 and the compressor housing 1 are fixedly connected through a fastening member such as a screw, thereby reducing the overall installation height of the compressor. The length of the second connecting part 62 is longer than that of the first connecting part 61. The second connecting part 62 is used to be fixedly connected with the complete equipment to fix the compressor in the complete equipment. Specifically, mounting holes 622 are arranged on the second connecting part 62. Through fastening members such as bolts, the support foot 6 can be fixed in the complete equipment, that is, the compressor is fixed in the complete equipment.
[0028] It should be noted that reinforcing ribs 621 are arranged on the second connecting part 62. The reinforcing ribs 621 are distributed along the length direction of the second connecting part 62 and multiple reinforcing ribs 621 can be arranged. The reinforcing ribs 621 can enhance the strength of the second connecting part 62 and prevent the support foot 6 from deforming.
[0029] Embodiment 2: A novel compressor housing as Figures 1 to 4 shown, includes a housing 1. The side wall of the housing 1 is an arc side surface structure, while the inner bottom of the housing 1 is a flat bottom 2 structure. The side wall of the housing 1 and the flat bottom 2 are smoothly connected through an arc surface, such that the side wall of the housing 1 and the flat bottom 2 are of an integral structure.
[0030] An oil storage tank 3 is provided on the flat bottom 2. The oil storage tank 3 is circular as a whole and is arranged in the middle of the flat bottom 2. The bottom of the oil storage tank 3 is spherical, and the middle of the oil storage tank 3 is lower than the edge of the oil storage tank 3. The oil in the compressor housing 1 will gather in the oil storage tank 3. Setting the bottom of the compressor housing 1 as the flat bottom 2 structure can reduce the overall height of the compressor, and setting the oil storage tank 3 in the middle of the flat bottom 2 can be used to store the oil required by the compressor. Since the oil is only stored in the oil storage tank 3 and the area of the oil storage tank 3 is smaller than the area of the entire flat bottom 2, the oil storage amount inside the compressor can be greatly reduced; and the middle position of the oil storage tank 3 is lower and the edge position is higher, so the oil will gather in the middle position of the oil storage tank 3 and form an oil height. After the compressor assembly is assembled inside the compressor housing 1, the oil suction port at the bottom of the crankshaft oiling structure on the compressor assembly will be immersed in the oil storage tank 3, and the oil height in the oil storage tank 3 can ensure the normal oiling of the crankshaft. In addition, since the flat bottom 2 is flush with the edge of the oil storage tank 3, the oil falling on the flat bottom 2 will also flow into the oil storage tank 3 to ensure the oil quantity in the oil storage tank 3. Therefore, this solution reduces the oil storage amount inside the compressor while ensuring the normal oil use of the compressor.
[0031] It should be noted that a fillet structure is provided between the edge of the oil storage tank 3 and the flat bottom 2. The fillet can reduce the concentrated stress between the connection of the oil storage tank 3 and the flat bottom 2. In addition, the fillet can also play a guiding role for the oil, guiding the oil on the flat bottom 2 into the oil storage tank 3. When there is oil on the flat bottom 2, the oil will form an oil film on the flat bottom 2. After the oil film reaches a certain thickness, it will be guided into the oil storage tank 3 under the action of the fillet, so as to ensure the oil quantity in the oil storage tank 3.
[0032] Four support seats 4 are provided around the flat bottom. The support seats 4 are evenly arranged at the four corners around the flat bottom 2. The flat bottom 2 and the support seats 4 can be integrally stamped. The surface of the support seats 4 is flush with the surface of the flat bottom 2, so as to ensure that the surfaces of the four support seats 4 are at the same height, which is beneficial to the stable installation of the compressor assembly. The surface between the support seats 4 and the side wall of the compressor housing is an arc surface 7. Since the compressor assembly needs to be placed on the support seats 4 as a whole from top to bottom, in order to avoid interference between the compressor assembly and the compressor housing 1, the arc surface 7 needs to be vertically arranged. In addition, the vertically arranged arc surface 7 also has a limiting effect on the support part at the bottom of the compressor assembly.
[0033] Inside the compressor, a reinforcing part 5 is also provided. Since the bottom of the compressor is overall flat and the support base 4 is also flush with the flat bottom 2, it may lead to relatively low strength at the bottom of the compressor. Therefore, the reinforcing part 5 needs to be arranged at the inner bottom position of the compressor. Specifically, the reinforcing part 5 is arranged between the support bases 4. The reinforcing part 5 is at least arranged in a pair and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the oil storage tank 3. Thus, the reinforcing part 5 is also distributed on the left and right positions of the compressor housing. Since the reinforcing part 5 has sufficient structural strength, support feet 6 can be arranged on the reinforcing part 5 and outside the housing 1. The support feet 6 are used to fix the whole compressor in the whole machine equipment.
[0034] Specifically, the support foot 6 includes a first connecting part 61 and a second connecting part 62. The first connecting part 61 and the second connecting part 62 are of an integral structure, and the support foot 6 is a bent part. The support foot 6 is bent at the connecting position between the first connecting part 61 and the second connecting part 62, so that the first connecting part 61 is located at a lower position. The first connecting part 61 and the compressor housing 1 are fixedly connected through a screw fastener, thereby reducing the overall installation height of the compressor. The length of the second connecting part 62 is longer than that of the first connecting part 61. The second connecting part 62 is used to be fixedly connected with the main machine equipment to fix the compressor in the whole machine equipment. Specifically, mounting holes 622 are arranged on the second connecting part 62. Through fasteners such as bolts, the support foot 6 can be fixed in the whole machine equipment, that is, the compressor is fixed in the whole machine equipment.
[0035] It should be noted that reinforcing ribs 621 are arranged on the second connecting part 62. The reinforcing ribs 621 are distributed along the length direction of the second connecting part 62 and can be arranged in multiple numbers. The reinforcing ribs 621 can strengthen the strength of the second connecting part 62 and prevent the support foot 6 from deforming.
[0036] In this embodiment, a power interface assembly 8 is arranged on the housing 1. The power interface assembly 8 includes a mounting plate 82 and terminal posts 81 arranged on the mounting plate 82. The mounting plate 82 is fixed outside the housing 1. Circular holes are arranged on the mounting plate 82, and corresponding circular holes are also arranged on the housing 1. The terminal posts 81 are arranged in the circular holes and extend into the compressor housing 1. In this design, miniaturized terminal posts 81 will be adopted to further reduce the size of the terminal posts 81. Specifically, the diameter of the terminal posts 81 is 20 mm.
[0037] Embodiment 3: As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a new type of compressor housing includes a housing 1. The side wall of the housing 1 is an arc side surface structure, and the inner bottom of the housing 1 is a flat bottom 2 structure. The side wall of the housing 1 and the flat bottom 2 are smoothly connected through an arc surface, so that the side wall of the housing 1 and the flat bottom 2 are of an integral structure.
[0038] An oil storage tank 3 is provided on the flat bottom 2. The oil storage tank 3 is circular as a whole. The oil storage tank 3 is arranged in the middle part of the flat bottom 2. The bottom of the oil storage tank 3 is spherical. The middle of the oil storage tank 3 is lower than the edge of the oil storage tank 3. The oil in the compressor housing 1 will gather in the oil storage tank 3. Setting the bottom of the compressor housing 1 as the flat bottom 2 structure can reduce the overall height of the compressor. And setting the oil storage tank 3 in the middle of the flat bottom 2 can be used to store the oil required by the compressor. Since the oil is only stored in the oil storage tank 3 and the area of the oil storage tank 3 is smaller than the area of the entire flat bottom 2, the oil storage amount inside the compressor can be greatly reduced. And the middle position of the oil storage tank 3 is lower and the edge position is higher, so the oil will gather in the middle position of the oil storage tank 3 and form an oil height. After the compressor assembly is assembled inside the compressor housing 1, the oil suction port at the bottom of the crankshaft oiling structure on the compressor assembly will be immersed in the oil storage tank 3, and the oil height in the oil storage tank 3 can ensure the normal oiling of the crankshaft. In addition, since the flat bottom 2 is flush with the edge of the oil storage tank 3, the oil falling on the flat bottom 2 will also flow into the oil storage tank 3 to ensure the oil amount in the oil storage tank 3. Therefore, this solution reduces the oil storage amount inside the compressor while ensuring the normal oil use of the compressor.
[0039] It should be noted that a fillet structure is provided between the edge of the oil storage tank 3 and the flat bottom 2. The fillet can reduce the concentrated stress between the connection of the oil storage tank 3 and the flat bottom 2. In addition, the fillet can also play a guiding role for the oil, guiding the oil on the flat bottom 2 into the oil storage tank 3. When there is oil on the flat bottom 2, the oil will form an oil film on the flat bottom 2. After the oil film reaches a certain thickness, it will be guided into the oil storage tank 3 under the action of the fillet, so as to ensure the oil amount in the oil storage tank 3.
[0040] Four support seats 4 are provided around the flat bottom. The support seats 4 are evenly arranged at the four corners around the flat bottom 2. The flat bottom 2 and the support seats 4 can be integrally stamped. The surface of the support seats 4 is flush with the surface of the flat bottom 2, so as to ensure that the surfaces of the four support seats 4 are at the same height, which is beneficial to the stable installation of the compressor assembly. The surface between the support seats 4 and the side wall of the compressor housing is an arc surface 7. Since the compressor assembly needs to be placed on the support seats 4 as a whole from top to bottom, in order to avoid interference between the compressor assembly and the compressor housing 1, the arc surface 7 needs to be vertically arranged. In addition, the vertically arranged arc surface 7 also has a limiting effect on the support part at the bottom of the compressor assembly.
[0041] Inside the compressor, a reinforcing part 5 is also provided. Since the bottom of the compressor is entirely flat and the support base 4 is also flush with the flat bottom 2, it may cause the strength of the bottom of the compressor to be relatively low. Therefore, the reinforcing part 5 needs to be provided at the inner bottom position of the compressor. Specifically, the reinforcing part 5 is provided between the support bases 4. The reinforcing part 5 is provided with at least a pair and is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the oil storage tank 3. Thus, the reinforcing part 5 is also distributed on the left and right positions of the compressor housing. Since the reinforcing part 5 has sufficient structural strength, support feet 6 can be provided on the reinforcing part 5 and outside the housing 1. The support feet 6 are used to fix the entire compressor in the complete equipment.
[0042] Specifically, the support foot 6 includes a first connecting part 61 and a second connecting part 62. The first connecting part 61 and the second connecting part 62 are of an integral structure, and the support foot 6 is a bent part. The support foot 6 is bent at the connecting position between the first connecting part 61 and the second connecting part 62, so that the first connecting part 61 is located at a lower position. The first connecting part 61 and the compressor housing 1 are fixedly connected through a screw fastener, thereby reducing the overall installation height of the compressor. The length of the second connecting part 62 is longer than that of the first connecting part 61. The second connecting part 62 is used to be fixedly connected to the complete equipment to fix the compressor in the complete equipment. Specifically, mounting holes 622 are provided on the second connecting part 62. Through fasteners such as bolts, the support foot 6 can be fixed in the complete equipment, that is, the compressor is fixed in the complete equipment.
[0043] It should be noted that reinforcing ribs 621 are provided on the second connecting part 62. The reinforcing ribs 621 are distributed along the length direction of the second connecting part 62 and can be provided in multiple numbers. The reinforcing ribs 621 can strengthen the strength of the second connecting part 62 and prevent the support foot 6 from deforming.
[0044] Air pipe holes 9 are also provided on the compressor housing. At least two air pipe holes 9 are provided to ensure the intake and exhaust operations of the compressor. In this embodiment, three air pipe holes 9 are provided. In addition to the intake and exhaust functions, one of the air pipe holes 9 can also be used for the sound absorption effect inside the compressor.
[0045] Embodiment 4: Any new embodiments formed by arbitrarily arranging and combining the above Embodiments 1 to 3 all fall within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A new compressor casing, characterized in that: It comprises a shell, the bottom of which is a plane bottom, a circular oil storage groove is arranged in the middle of the plane bottom, the middle position of the oil storage groove is lower than the edge position of the oil storage groove, and the edge of the oil storage groove is flush with the plane bottom.
2. A new compressor casing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil storage groove and the plane bottom have a rounded transition.
3. A new compressor casing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom edge of the plane is provided with four evenly distributed support seats, and the support seats and the bottom of the plane are an integral plane.
4. A new compressor casing according to claim 3, characterized in that: A reinforcement portion is provided between the support seats, and the reinforcement portion is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the oil storage tank.
5. A new compressor casing according to claim 4, characterized in that: A supporting foot is provided outside the shell and at a position corresponding to the reinforcing portion. The supporting foot includes a first connecting portion, and the first connecting portion is fixedly connected to the shell.
6. A novel compressor casing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The supporting foot further includes a second connecting portion, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are integrally formed, and a reinforcing rib is provided on the second connecting portion.
7. A novel compressor casing according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The connection portion between the support seat and the shell is an arc surface, and the arc surface is arranged vertically.
8. A new compressor casing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The housing is also provided with a power interface assembly, and the interface assembly includes a terminal with a diameter of 20 mm.
9. A novel compressor casing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The shell body is also provided with a plurality of air pipe holes.