Thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device, treatment system and energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device, a thermal runaway flue gas treatment system and energy storage equipment, and mainly solves the problem that potential safety hazards exist after thermal runaway flue gas is exhausted, the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device comprises at least one cooling buffer tank, the cooling buffer tank is provided with a flue gas buffer cavity and a cooling cavity which are isolated from each other, and meanwhile, the cooling buffer tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet which are communicated with the flue gas buffer cavity; the flue gas buffer cavity is used for carrying out buffer treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas is smoothly discharged at a relatively stable flow speed; a cooling medium is arranged in the cooling cavity and used for cooling the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas buffering cavity, the high-temperature property of the thermal runaway flue gas is removed, and the situation that after the thermal runaway flue gas is exhausted, subsequent pipelines, connectors and other related devices are damaged is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to a thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device, a treatment system and an energy storage device. Background Technique

[0002] With the development of new energy such as solar energy and wind energy, energy storage technology has also developed. Due to the advantages of high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power tolerance, and low self-discharge rate of lithium batteries, they have gradually become the mainstream products for energy storage.

[0003] With the large-scale application of lithium battery energy storage devices, the safe use of lithium batteries has also attracted attention. Under the influence of factors such as overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, and mechanical collision of lithium-ion batteries, it is easy to cause the breakdown of the battery separator and internal short circuit, resulting in thermal runaway.

[0004] When the lithium battery is completely out of control thermally, the internal temperature of the battery is as high as 500-1000°C. The gas generated during the thermal runaway process causes the internal pressure of the battery to increase, and finally the electrolyte and reaction gas evaporated and vaporized inside the battery are sprayed and released to form pressurized thermal runaway flue gas. This thermal runaway flue gas not only includes gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, but also includes impurities such as electrolyte and high-temperature molten plastic parts.

[0005] When discharging the above-mentioned thermal runaway flue gas, the electrolyte and impurities in the thermal runaway flue gas will affect the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas, causing potential safety hazards. In addition, when the above-mentioned thermal runaway flue gas is discharged, the temperature is too high, which will damage the pipeline, joints and other structural parts outside the battery, thereby increasing the risk of battery thermal runaway and causing potential safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the potential safety hazard problems existing after the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas, the utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device, a treatment system and an energy storage device.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is:

[0008] A thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device includes at least one cooling buffer tank; the cooling buffer tank has a flue gas buffer chamber and a cooling chamber that are isolated from each other. At the same time, the cooling buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet that are communicated with the flue gas buffer chamber; the flue gas buffer chamber is used for buffering and treating the thermal runaway flue gas; the cooling chamber is filled with a cooling medium for cooling and reducing the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas buffer chamber.

[0009] Further, the cooling buffer tank includes an outer housing and an inner housing arranged inside the outer housing; the inner cavity of the inner housing is the flue gas buffer chamber, and the annular cavity between the inner housing and the outer housing is the cooling chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, the smoke inlet and the smoke outlet of the cooling buffer tank are both arranged on the top of the cooling buffer tank.

[0011] Furthermore, a buffer layer is provided in the smoke buffer cavity, and the buffer layer is a block structure made of porous elastic material.

[0012] Furthermore, the cooling medium is a liquid cooling medium, and the cooling buffer tank is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet which are connected with the cooling cavity.

[0013] Furthermore, a drain valve communicating with the smoke buffer chamber is provided at the bottom of the cooling buffer tank.

[0014] The utility model also provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment system, comprising a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the above-mentioned thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device, wherein the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device treats the thermal runaway flue gas discharged by the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device, and the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device and an ignition device.

[0015] The utility model also provides an energy storage device, including an energy storage box, a plurality of large-capacity batteries, a flue gas manifold and a thermal runaway flue gas treatment system; the flue gas manifold is connected to the large-capacity batteries to transport the thermal runaway flue gas of the large-capacity batteries to a thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device for treatment, and the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device treats the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device.

[0016] Furthermore, the large-capacity battery includes an outer shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the outer shell in the same direction; a shared chamber is provided in the outer shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all the single cells; avoidance holes are provided on the top plate of the outer shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the outer shell top plate area corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the single cell shell.

[0017] Furthermore, the shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell; the gas shared chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​each single cell, or the gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer shell and each single cell, and the gas channel covers the explosion-proof membrane of each single cell. When the explosion-proof membrane of any single cell is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and gas channel of the single cell are connected.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the utility model has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. The thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device of the utility model includes at least one cooling buffer tank, which has a mutually isolated flue gas buffer chamber and a cooling chamber. The flue gas buffer chamber performs buffering treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged smoothly at a relatively stable flow rate. At the same time, the cooling buffer tank can collect the electrolyte and impurities carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the flue gas buffer chamber is a gaseous substance, which is convenient for subsequent transportation and treatment. There is a cooling medium in the cooling chamber. When the flue gas buffer chamber performs buffering treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas, the cooling chamber also performs cooling treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby removing the high temperature property of the thermal runaway flue gas, avoiding damage to subsequent pipelines, joints and other related devices after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged, and reducing the risk of thermal runaway of the battery. In addition, under the action of the cooling medium in the cooling chamber, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas is further cooled and liquefied, and the high-temperature molten impurities are further cooled into solid impurities, so that the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the cooling buffer tank will not cause hidden dangers such as blockage in subsequent pipelines, thereby improving the safety of the battery during use.

[0020] 2. In the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device of the utility model, the cooling buffer tank is a double-shell structure, and the flue gas buffer chamber is arranged in the annular cooling chamber. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas buffer chamber, the thermal runaway flue gas and the cooling chamber have a large heat exchange area, and the cooling chamber can cool the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas buffer chamber more fully, thereby improving the cooling effect of the cooling chamber on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0021] 3. In the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device of the utility model, the smoke inlet of the cooling buffer tank is arranged at the top of the cooling buffer tank, which can make the impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas be deposited at the bottom of the flue gas buffer cavity as much as possible under the action of gravity; at the same time, the smoke outlet of the cooling buffer tank is arranged at the top of the cooling buffer tank, which can prevent the impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas from being discharged from the cooling buffer tank, and secondly, the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas can be discharged smoothly and quickly.

[0022] 4. In the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device of the utility model, a buffer layer is provided in the flue gas buffer chamber, and the buffer layer is a block structure made of porous elastic material. The buffer layer can mitigate the impact of the thermal runaway flue gas on the cooling buffer tank. At the same time, the buffer layer can absorb the cooling liquefied electrolyte, and the solid impurities in the thermal runaway flue gas can also be better attached to the buffer layer, so as to avoid the electrolyte and impurities from being discharged from the cooling buffer tank along with the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0023] 5. In the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device of the utility model, the cooling medium is a liquid cooling medium. Compared with solid cooling, liquid cooling has a large heat capacity, good cooling effect, and can be dynamically circulated. It can fully and sustainably cool the thermal runaway flue gas and improve the cooling effect of the cooling chamber on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0024] 6. In the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device of the present utility model, a liquid discharge valve is provided at the bottom of the cooling buffer tank, and the liquid discharge valve can timely discharge the liquid in the cooling buffer tank.

[0025] 7. The present utility model also provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment system. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device treats the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device treats the thermal runaway flue gas in various ways to avoid safety hazards such as combustion and explosion after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged.

[0026] 8. In the energy storage device of the present utility model, the shared chamber of the large-capacity battery includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; by making the electrolyte shared chamber communicate with the electrolyte areas in the inner cavities of each single battery located in the outer shell, the electrolytes of each single battery are shared to ensure the consistency of each single battery, thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent. By making the gas shared chamber communicate with the gas areas in the inner cavities of each single battery located in the outer shell, the gas balance of each single battery is achieved, improving the consistency between each single battery to a certain extent, and thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0027] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present utility model will be partially reflected by the following description, and partially will also be understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present utility model. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device in Embodiment 1;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the cooling buffer tank (double shell) in Embodiment 1 Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the cooling buffer tank (double shell) in Embodiment 1 Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the cooling buffer tank (with a partition plate) in Embodiment 1;

[0033] Figure 5Schematic structural diagram of the cooling buffer tank (with a cooling coil) in Embodiment 1;

[0034] Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of the cooling buffer tank (with a buffer layer) in Embodiment 1;

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic structure of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment system in Embodiment 2 Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 8 Schematic structure of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment system in Embodiment 2 Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 9 Schematic structural diagram of the energy storage device in Embodiment 3;

[0038] Figure 10 Schematic structural diagram of the large-capacity battery in Embodiment 3;

[0039] Figure 11 Schematic structural diagram of the large-capacity battery (with an insulating protective cover) in Embodiment 3;

[0040] Figure 12 Schematic connection diagram of the large-capacity battery and the flexible pipe section in Embodiment 3;

[0041] Figure 13 Schematic structural diagram of the large-capacity battery and the primary bus bar in Embodiment 3;

[0042] Figure 14 Explosion diagram of the large-capacity battery in Embodiment 3;

[0043] Reference numerals: 1 - energy storage box body, 2 - thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device, 3 - thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, 4 - large-capacity battery, 5 - flue gas bus bar, 6 - explosion vent pipe assembly, 21 - cooling buffer tank, 22 - flue gas buffer cavity, 23 - cooling cavity, 24 - smoke inlet, 25 - smoke outlet, 26 - buffer layer, 27 - liquid inlet, 28 - liquid outlet, 29 - drain valve, 211 - inner shell, 212 - outer shell, 31 - liquid treatment device, 32 - solid treatment device, 33 - ignition device, 41 - outer shell, 42 - single cell, 43 - polarity terminal, 44 - heat transfer pipe, 45 - insulating protective cover, 411 - electrolyte sharing chamber, 412 - gas sharing chamber, 51 - primary bus bar, 52 - secondary bus bar, 511 - flexible pipe section, 61 - first explosion vent member, 611 - first hollow pipe fitting, 612 - second hollow pipe fitting, 62 - second explosion vent member. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present utility model more apparent and understandable, the following provides a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0045] In this specification, the term "in other embodiments" that appears in different places does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or selectively mutually exclusive embodiment with other embodiments. In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0046] In the description of this specification, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, indirectly connected through an intermediate member, or the internal communication of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] At the same time, in the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "top, bottom, inner, and outer" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.

[0048] Research shows that when a lithium battery undergoes thermal runaway, a series of chemical reactions occur inside, releasing a large amount of heat and gas. For example: SEI film decomposition reaction (90 - 120 °C), reaction between the negative electrode and the electrolyte (100 - 350 °C), electrolyte decomposition reaction (110 - 300 °C), shrinkage and melting reaction of the separator (>130 °C), reaction between the positive electrode and the electrolyte (200 - 300 °C), and binder decomposition reaction (200 - 300 °C), etc. These reactions neither occur in a fixed order nor independently. After the lithium battery undergoes thermal runaway, a large amount of thermal runaway flue gas is discharged. This thermal runaway flue gas not only includes gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, but also includes vaporized electrolyte and impurities such as high-temperature molten plastic parts. The vaporized electrolyte will undergo a series of decomposition reactions, further generating a large amount of harmful and combustible gases. The molten plastic parts are likely to block the pipeline during the subsequent discharge of the flue gas, posing a safety hazard. At the same time, after the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas is discharged, due to the high temperature and high pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas, it will also affect subsequent devices such as pipelines and joints.

[0049] The present utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device. This thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device includes at least one cooling buffer tank; the cooling buffer tank has a flue gas buffer chamber and a cooling chamber that are isolated from each other. The flue gas buffer chamber of this cooling buffer tank buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, slows down the velocity of the thermal runaway flue gas, and reduces the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas, enabling the thermal runaway flue gas to be smoothly discharged at a relatively stable flow rate; at the same time, while the cooling buffer tank buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, it also performs gas-liquid separation on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the cooling buffer tank. The electrolyte is collected in the flue gas buffer chamber, which can not only prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate combustible gas, reducing the amount of combustible gas, but also reduce the usage cost of the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas treatment device; in addition, impurities such as the melt discharged with the thermal runaway flue gas will be deposited and collected in the cooling buffer tank when the thermal runaway flue gas buffers in the cooling buffer tank, so that the discharged thermal runaway flue gas is completely gaseous, facilitating subsequent transportation and treatment.

[0050] The cooling chamber of the above cooling buffer tank is filled with a cooling medium. When the flue gas buffer chamber buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, the cooling chamber simultaneously cools down the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby removing the high-temperature property of the thermal runaway flue gas, avoiding damage to subsequent devices such as pipelines and joints after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged, and reducing the risk of battery thermal runaway. In addition, under the action of the cooling medium in the cooling chamber, the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas is further cooled and liquefied, and the high-temperature molten impurities are further cooled into solid impurities, so that the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the cooling buffer tank will not cause blockage and other hazards to the subsequent pipeline, improving the safety of battery use.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2 in this embodiment includes at least one cooling buffer tank 21; the cooling buffer tank 21 has a flue gas buffer chamber 22 and a cooling chamber 23 that are isolated from each other, and the cooling buffer tank 21 is provided with a flue gas inlet 24 and a flue gas outlet 25 that communicate with the flue gas buffer chamber 22; the flue gas buffer chamber 22 is used for buffering the thermal runaway flue gas, and the cooling chamber 23 is filled with a cooling medium for cooling and reducing the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas buffer chamber 22.

[0053] In the above thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2, the number of the cooling buffer tanks 21 can be set according to requirements. If there are multiple cooling buffer tanks 21, the flue gas inlets 24 and the flue gas outlets 25 of the multiple cooling buffer tanks 21 can be connected in series through connecting pipelines. The shape of the cooling buffer tank 21 is not limited and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. Preferably, a circular tank body is adopted, and the circular tank body has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0054] The cooling chamber 23 and the flue gas buffer chamber 22 in the above cooling buffer tank 21 are independent channels, and the cooling buffer tank 21 can specifically adopt the following structures:

[0055] First, as Figure 5 shown, the cooling buffer tank 21 is mainly formed by a circular tank body and a cooling coil. The cooling coil is arranged on the outer wall of the circular tank body. The inner cavity of the cooling buffer tank 21 is the flue gas buffer chamber 22, and the cooling coil forms the cooling chamber 23;

[0056] Second, as Figure 4 shown, the cooling buffer tank 21 includes a circular tank body. A partition plate is arranged inside the circular tank body. The partition plate divides the inner cavity of the circular tank body into a cooling chamber 23 and a flue gas buffer chamber 22. The left cavity of the partition plate is the flue gas buffer chamber 22, and the right cavity is the cooling chamber 23. The cooling chamber 23 and the flue gas buffer chamber 22 are independent cavities;

[0057] Third, as Figure 3 shown, the cooling buffer tank 21 includes an inner shell 211 and an outer shell 212. Both the inner shell 211 and the outer shell 212 are circular tank bodies. The inner shell 211 is arranged inside the outer shell 212. The inner cavity of the inner shell 211 is the flue gas buffer chamber 22, and the cavity between the inner shell 211 and the outer shell 212 is an annular cooling chamber 23.

[0058] In the above structure, considering both the structure and the cooling effect comprehensively, the third structure is the preferred structure. In this double-shell structure, the flue gas buffer chamber 22 is arranged in the annular cooling chamber 23. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas buffer chamber 22, the thermal runaway flue gas and the cooling medium in the cooling chamber 23 have a sufficiently large heat exchange area. The cooling chamber 23 can cool and lower the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas buffer chamber 22 more fully, and the cooling effect of the cooling chamber 23 on the thermal runaway flue gas is better.

[0059] When manufacturing the cooling buffer tank 21 with the above double-shell structure, it can be specifically realized through the following structure:

[0060] 1) As Figure 3 shown, the cooling buffer tank 21 includes an inner shell 211 and an outer shell 212 both with open ends. The height of the inner shell 211 is the same as that of the outer shell 212. The inner shell 211 is placed inside the outer shell 212, and the open ends on both sides of the inner shell 211 and the outer shell 212 are sealed by end caps.

[0061] 2) As Figure 2 shown, the cooling buffer tank 21 includes an inner shell 211 with one open end and an outer shell 212. The height of the inner shell 211 is less than that of the outer shell 212. After the inner shell 211 is placed inside the outer shell 212, the open ends of the inner shell 211 and the outer shell 212 are sealed by end caps.

[0062] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, after manufacturing the cooling buffer tank 21 with the above structure, the cooling buffer tank 21 is provided with a smoke inlet 24 and a smoke outlet 25 that communicate with the flue gas buffer chamber 22. The smoke inlet 24 is mainly used to transport the thermal runaway flue gas into the flue gas buffer chamber 22, and the smoke outlet 25 is mainly used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas buffer chamber 22. When specifically setting the above smoke inlet 24 and smoke outlet 25, they can be set on the side wall of the cooling buffer tank 21 or on the top of the cooling buffer tank 21. In this embodiment, both the smoke inlet 24 and the smoke outlet 25 are set on the top of the cooling buffer tank 21. Setting the smoke inlet 24 on the top of the cooling buffer tank 21 can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas deposit at the bottom of the cooling buffer tank 21 under the action of gravity as much as possible; setting the smoke outlet 25 on the top of the cooling buffer tank 21, on the one hand, can prevent the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas from being discharged smoothly, and on the other hand, can enable the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas to be discharged from the cooling buffer tank 21 smoothly. In addition, setting both the smoke inlet 24 and the smoke outlet 25 on the top of the cooling buffer tank 21 can also facilitate the setting of the cooling chamber 23.

[0063] As Figure 6As shown, a buffer layer 26 is provided in the flue gas buffer chamber 22 in this embodiment. The buffer layer 26 is a block structure made of porous elastic material, specifically glass fiber cotton or activated carbon cotton, etc. The buffer layer 26 can reduce the impact of the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas on the cooling buffer tank 21, and the instantaneous gas load peak of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced. At the same time, the buffer layer 26 can absorb the cooled electrolyte. At the same time, the solid matter in the thermal runaway flue gas can be better attached to the buffer layer 26, and it is avoided as much as possible to be discharged with the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0064] In addition, if Figure 6 As shown, a drain valve 29 communicating with the smoke buffer chamber 22 may be provided at the bottom of the cooling buffer tank 21 to discharge the liquid in the cooling buffer tank 21 in time.

[0065] The cooling chamber 23 in this embodiment is a cavity independent of the above-mentioned flue gas buffer chamber 22. The cooling chamber 23 contains a cooling medium, which can be a solid medium or a liquid cooling medium. The solid medium can be a solid phase change cooling material, such as paraffin, etc. The liquid cooling medium can be a coolant such as water or ethylene glycol solution, etc. Compared with the solid medium, the liquid cooling medium has advantages in cooling efficiency, cost and structure. The liquid cooling medium has a large heat capacity, can be dynamically circulated, has a good cooling effect, and can quickly and fully cool the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0066] In addition, when the cooling medium is a solid medium, the cooling cavity 23 is generally a closed cavity, and when the cooling medium is a liquid cooling medium, the cooling buffer tank 21 is provided with a liquid inlet 27 and a liquid outlet 28 connected to the cooling cavity 23, and at the same time, the liquid inlet 27 and the liquid outlet 28 are connected to the external circulating cooling water circuit. For example, when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas buffer cavity 22, the liquid cooling medium is in a flowing state in the cooling cavity 23, so that the liquid cooling medium continuously cools the thermal runaway flue gas, and the cooling effect is better.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment system, which includes a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device 3 and a thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2 in Embodiment 1, and the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device 3 treats the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2 so that the discharged thermal runaway flue gas will not cause safety hazards. At the same time, because the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2 performs buffering and cooling treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas, the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2 will not cause blockage and high-temperature damage to the pipeline in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device 3, thereby improving the use safety of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device 3.

[0069] The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device 3 in this embodiment includes at least one of a liquid treatment device 31, a solid treatment device 32, and an ignition device 33. Specifically, when setting up, the liquid treatment device 31, the solid treatment device 32, and the ignition device 33 can be set up separately, in pairs, or all three at the same time. Preferably, setting them up in pairs is relatively better. When specifically connecting, the ignition device 33 is generally installed behind the liquid treatment device 31 and the solid treatment device 32, and the ignition device 33 ignites the gas treated by the liquid treatment device 31 or the solid treatment device 32.

[0070] The above-mentioned liquid treatment device 31 includes at least one liquid treatment tank. Each liquid treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks, the multiple liquid treatment tanks are connected in series. The liquid treatment tank is filled with a liquid treatment medium, and the liquid treatment medium can specifically be an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, or an aldehyde solvent. At the same time, the liquid treatment medium can also be an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution can specifically be an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, an aqueous barium hydroxide solution, etc.

[0071] The above-mentioned solid treatment device 32 includes at least one solid treatment tank. Each solid treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. If there are multiple solid treatment tanks, the multiple solid treatment tanks are connected in series. The solid treatment tank is filled with a solid adsorption medium, and the solid adsorption medium can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, or porous glass, etc., for adsorbing and treating the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, it adsorbs excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the above-mentioned solid adsorption medium is selected as activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon with a higher iodine value or modified activated carbon is selected. This type of activated carbon is easy to adsorb with small molecular weight gases in the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, it is easy to react with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0072] The above-mentioned ignition device 33 is mainly used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas to avoid the risk of combustion or explosion after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged. The ignition device 33 can adopt the structures disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0073] Embodiment 3

[0074] As Figure 9As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides an energy storage device, which includes an energy storage box body 1, a plurality of high-capacity batteries 4, a flue gas manifold 5, and a thermal runaway flue gas treatment system; the flue gas manifold 5 is connected to each high-capacity battery 4 to transport the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the high-capacity battery 4 to the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2 for pretreatment, and the thermal runaway flue gas after pretreatment by the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2 enters the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device 3 for treatment.

[0075] A plurality of high-capacity batteries 4 are arranged in the energy storage box body 1, and the number of high-capacity batteries 4 is set according to the requirements of the energy storage device. The plurality of high-capacity batteries 4 are connected in series and parallel to meet the charging and discharging requirements. The above-mentioned high-capacity battery 4 can be a single battery, or a high-capacity battery composed of existing single cylindrical batteries or square shell batteries connected in series and parallel, or a high-capacity battery composed of existing single batteries. For example, the high-capacity battery 4 is specifically the high-capacity battery 4 disclosed in Chinese patents CN117477186A, CN117477063A, and CN115275453A.

[0076] As Figure 10 shown in the figure, the high-capacity battery 4 in this embodiment includes a housing 41 and a plurality of single batteries 42. The plurality of single batteries 42 are arranged in the same direction and placed in the housing 41. The housing 41 is provided with a shared chamber, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is communicated with the inner cavities of all single batteries 42. The single battery 42 in this embodiment is a square shell battery, and the number can be adjusted according to actual needs. The inner cavity of each single battery 42 includes an electrolyte area and a gas area.

[0077] As Figure 10 shown in the figure, after the plurality of single batteries 42 are arranged in the same direction and placed in the housing 41, the top plate of the housing 41 is provided with avoidance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals 43 of each single battery 42. The polarity terminals 43 of each single battery 42 extend out of the corresponding avoidance holes to serve as the polarity terminals 43 of the high-capacity battery 4 (the polarity terminals of all single batteries on one side serve as the positive polarity terminals of the high-capacity battery, and the polarity terminals of all single batteries on the other side serve as the negative polarity terminals of the high-capacity battery). The area of the top plate of the housing 41 corresponding to the avoidance hole is fixedly sealed with the housing of the single battery 42, so that the gap between the polarity terminal 43 and the avoidance hole is sealed.

[0078] It should be noted that the polarity terminal 43 of the single battery 42 here can be the pole column of the single battery 42. If it is necessary to avoid the pole column of the single battery 42 as the polarity terminal 43 from not being able to smoothly extend out of the avoidance hole, a pole column adapter can also be connected to the pole column of the single battery 42, and the overall structure of the cooperation between the pole column of the single battery 42 and the pole column adapter is used as the polarity terminal 43 of the single battery 42.

[0079] The shared chamber within the above-mentioned outer shell 41 can be an electrolyte shared chamber 411. The electrolyte shared chamber 411 is a liquid channel provided on the bottom plate of the outer shell 41. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 411 communicates with the electrolyte regions in the inner cavities of all the single cells 42. Through the electrolyte shared chamber 411, each single cell 42 can be in a unified electrolyte environment, ensuring the uniformity of the electrolyte in each single cell 42 and improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 4.

[0080] The shared chamber within the above-mentioned outer shell 41 can be a gas shared chamber 412. The gas shared chamber 412 is a gas channel provided on the top plate of the outer shell 41. The inner cavity of the gas shared chamber 412 communicates with the gas regions in the inner cavities of all the single cells 42. Through the gas shared chamber 412, gas balance of each single cell 42 can be achieved, and the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 4 can also be improved.

[0081] The above-mentioned shared chamber can be a gas-liquid shared chamber. The inner cavity of the gas-liquid shared chamber communicates with both the electrolyte region and the gas region in the inner cavities of all the single cells 42. Through one gas-liquid shared chamber, each single cell 42 can be in a unified electrolyte environment and gas environment, improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery 4. Specifically, when setting, a protrusion extending along the arrangement direction of the single cells 42 is provided on the side wall of the outer shell 41, and a gas-liquid shared chamber is formed at the protrusion part. The gas-liquid shared chamber communicates with both the electrolyte region and the gas region of each single cell 42.

[0082] The above-mentioned shared chamber can also include an electrolyte shared chamber 411 and a gas shared chamber 412 at the same time. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 411 communicates with the electrolyte regions in the inner cavities of all the single cells 42, and the inner cavity of the gas shared chamber 412 communicates with the gas regions in the inner cavities of all the single cells 42. Placing multiple single cells 42 inside an outer shell 41 having an electrolyte shared chamber 411 and a gas shared chamber 412 enables the sharing of electrolyte and gas of each single cell 42 to ensure the consistency of each single cell 42, making the electrolyte and gas of all single cells 42 in the same system, reducing the differences between each single cell 42, improving the consistency between each single cell 42 to a certain extent, and thus improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery 4 to a certain extent.

[0083] The above-mentioned shared chamber may also include an electrolyte shared chamber 411 and a gas shared chamber 412 at the same time. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 411 is communicated with the electrolyte areas in the inner cavities of all the single cells 42. The gas shared chamber 412 is a gas passage located between the top plate of the outer shell 41 and each single cell 42. This gas passage covers the explosion vent part (specifically, it can be an explosion vent film) of each single cell 42. When the explosion vent part of any single cell 42 is broken through by the hot runaway flue gas in the inner cavity, the gas area in the inner cavity of this single cell 42 is communicated with the gas passage. At this time, the gas shared chamber 412 is used as an explosion vent passage. That is, during the normal operation of the large-capacity battery 4, the inner cavities of each single cell 42 are not communicated with the gas passage. When any single cell 42 has a thermal runaway, when the explosion vent part at the top of this single cell 42 is opened by the flue gas in the inner cavity, the inner cavity of this single cell 42 is communicated with the gas passage, and the hot runaway flue gas is discharged through the gas passage, improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 4.

[0084] As Figure 10 shown, in this embodiment, a through groove or a through hole is opened at the position where the polar terminal 43 of the single cell 42 extends out of the avoidance hole, and the heat transfer tube 44 is fixed in the through groove or the through hole. When the temperature of the large-capacity battery 4 is higher than the set threshold value, a heat transfer medium with a lower temperature is introduced into the heat transfer tube 44 to cool the large-capacity battery 4; when the temperature of the large-capacity battery 4 is lower than the set threshold value, a heat transfer medium with a higher temperature is introduced into the heat transfer tube 44 to heat the large-capacity battery 4; by controlling the temperature of the heat transfer medium, it can be ensured that the large-capacity battery 4 always operates at the normal working temperature.

[0085] As Figure 11 shown, in order to prevent the condensation caused by the heat transfer tube 44 from causing safety problems, an insulating and sealing adhesive layer can also be laid on the top plate of the outer shell 41 in this embodiment. Partial areas of the polar terminals 43 of each single cell 42 are covered by the insulating and sealing adhesive layer, and the electrical connection parts (i.e., the upper end surfaces) of the polar terminals 43 of each single cell 42 extend out of the insulating and sealing adhesive layer and are connected to the electrical connectors (based on the electrical connectors, the parallel connection of each single cell 42 or the series connection between multiple large-capacity batteries 4 can be realized); the main part of the heat transfer tube 44 is covered by the insulating and sealing adhesive layer, and the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat transfer tube 44 extend out of the insulating and sealing adhesive layer and are used for connecting with the liquid cooling equipment.

[0086] The above-mentioned polar terminal 43 is directly exposed to the external environment, and there are relatively large safety hazards during use due to the electrification of the polar terminal 43. Based on this, an insulating protective cover 45 is provided on the top of the large-capacity battery 4, so as to provide insulating protection for the polar terminal 43, avoiding the potential safety hazards that may exist when the polar terminal 43 is exposed during the operation of the large-capacity battery 4, and also avoiding the problem that some foreign objects in the external environment fall into the position of the polar terminal 43 and cause the short circuit of the large-capacity battery 4, improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 4.

[0087] It should be noted that if the insulating protective cover 45 wraps all the polar terminals 43, it will make the electrical connection of such large-capacity batteries 4 difficult. Therefore, in this embodiment, a slit is provided on the side wall of the insulating protective cover 45, through which the electrical connector can be connected to the polar terminal 43, thereby realizing the electrical connection. It should also be noted that channels for the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat transfer pipe 44 to extend out need to be provided on the side wall of the insulating protective cover 45.

[0088] As Figure 9 and Figure 12 shown, in order to prevent the hot runaway flue gas of individual large-capacity batteries 4 from diffusing into the entire energy storage device and causing safety problems, the hot runaway flue gas of all large-capacity batteries 4 is converged by the flue gas converging pipe 5. When a single battery 42 in any large-capacity battery 4 experiences a thermal runaway, its hot runaway flue gas can be discharged into the buffer device through the flue gas converging pipe 5, reducing the spread of thermal runaway.

[0089] The flue gas converging pipe 5 in this embodiment includes a primary converging pipe 51 and a secondary converging pipe 52. The primary converging pipe 51 is connected to the large-capacity batteries 4 arranged in the same row. A plurality of primary converging pipes 51 are all connected to the secondary converging pipe 52, and the outlet of the secondary converging pipe 52 is connected to the hot runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2. The primary converging pipe 51 and the secondary converging pipe 52 converge the hot runaway flue gas generated by each large-capacity battery 4 and transport it to the hot runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2. Figure 12 Only one row of large-capacity batteries 4 is provided exemplarily. If there are multiple rows of large-capacity batteries 4, the rows of large-capacity batteries 4 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. Each primary converging pipe 51 is connected to the secondary converging pipe 52, and the secondary converging pipe 52 centrally transports the hot runaway flue gas in each primary converging pipe 51 to the buffer device.

[0090] As Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, in order to lead out the thermal runaway flue gas from each large-capacity battery 4, a burst pipe assembly 6 communicating with the inner cavity of the outer shell 41 is provided on the outer shell 41 of each large-capacity battery 4; one end of the burst pipe assembly 6 communicates with the shared chamber of the large-capacity battery 4, and the other end is connected to the first-stage manifold 51. Specifically, when connecting, the burst pipe assembly 6 is arranged on the outer shell 41 and communicates with at least one of the electrolyte shared chamber 411 and the gas shared chamber 412. When both the electrolyte shared chamber 411 and the gas shared chamber 412 communicate with the burst pipe assembly 6, two sets of burst pipe assemblies 6 are provided on the outer shell 41, and the two sets of burst pipe assemblies 6 communicate with the electrolyte shared chamber 411 and the gas shared chamber 412 respectively. Subsequently, the two sets of burst pipe assemblies 6 are both connected to the same first-stage manifold 51, or the two sets of burst pipe assemblies 6 are respectively connected to different first-stage manifolds 51; this setting enables the large-capacity battery 4 to have two burst channels. When any single battery 42 has a thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged from different burst channels, and the heat and thermal runaway flue gas accumulated in the burst channels and the single battery 42 can be reduced in a short time, reducing the explosion risk.

[0091] As Figure 13 and Figure 14 shown, in this embodiment, the burst pipe assembly 6 is designed as a split part, and at the same time, the first-stage manifold 51 is also designed as a split part. The burst pipe assembly 6 includes a first burst member 61 and a second burst member 62; the first burst member 61 includes a first hollow pipe fitting 611 with a burst film inside, which is connected to the outer shell 41; the second burst member 62 is a tee, and its first interface (vertical pipe section joint) is hermetically connected to the first burst member 61, and the second interface and the third interface (two joints of the horizontal pipe section) are respectively used to connect to the flexible pipe section 511 that constitutes the first-stage manifold 51. That is to say, the first-stage manifold 51 is spliced by the horizontal pipe sections of multiple tees and multiple flexible pipe sections 511.

[0092] During assembly, each tee section is fixed on the corresponding first burst member 61 to form a large-capacity battery 4 with a burst pipe assembly 6. Then, multiple large-capacity batteries 4 are arranged in a set direction. Finally, the adjacent two tees are connected by using the flexible pipe section 511. Due to the spliced first-stage manifold 51 in this embodiment, and the middle connecting pipe section is the flexible pipe section 511, based on the deformation of the flexible pipe section 511, the installation error of the burst pipe assembly 6 and the spacing deviation of the large-capacity batteries 4 can be compensated, reducing the installation difficulty of the first-stage manifold 51.

[0093] When the large-capacity battery 4 undergoes thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas opens the explosion relief pipe assembly 6, and the thermal runaway flue gas is successively transported to the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2 through the primary manifold 51 and the secondary manifold 52. The thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2 buffers the thermal runaway flue gas. Subsequently, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device 3 treats the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device 2, thereby enhancing the safety of the entire energy storage device.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device, characterized in that: including at least one cooling buffer tank; The cooling buffer tank has a smoke buffer cavity and a cooling cavity which are isolated from each other, and a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet which are connected to the smoke buffer cavity are provided on the cooling buffer tank; The smoke buffer chamber is used to buffer the thermal runaway smoke; The cooling cavity has a cooling medium for cooling the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas buffer cavity.

2. The thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling buffer tank comprises an outer shell and an inner shell arranged in the outer shell; the inner cavity of the inner shell is a smoke buffer cavity, and the annular cavity between the inner shell and the outer shell is a cooling cavity.

3. The thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The smoke inlet and the smoke outlet of the cooling buffer tank are both arranged on the top of the cooling buffer tank.

4. The thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A buffer layer is arranged in the smoke buffer cavity, and the buffer layer is a block structure made of porous elastic material.

5. The thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The cooling medium is a liquid cooling medium, and the cooling buffer tank is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet which are connected with the cooling cavity.

6. The thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A drain valve communicating with the smoke buffer chamber is arranged at the bottom of the cooling buffer tank.

7. A thermal runaway flue gas treatment system, characterized in that: It comprises a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and a thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device treats the thermal runaway flue gas discharged by the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device, and the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device comprises at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device and an ignition device.

8. An energy storage device, characterized in that: It comprises an energy storage box, a plurality of large-capacity batteries, a flue gas manifold and the thermal runaway flue gas treatment system according to claim 7; The flue gas manifold is connected to large-capacity batteries to transport the thermal runaway flue gas of the large-capacity batteries to the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device for treatment. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device treats the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the thermal runaway flue gas pretreatment device.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The large-capacity battery comprises an outer shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the outer shell in the same direction; a shared chamber is arranged in the outer shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected with the inner cavities of all the single cells; avoidance holes are opened on the top plate of the outer shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the outer shell top plate area corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the single cell shell.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; The electrolyte sharing chamber is in communication with the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell; The gas sharing chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​each single cell, or the gas sharing chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the shell and each single cell, and the gas channel covers the explosion-proof membrane of each single cell. When the explosion-proof membrane of any single cell is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and the gas channel of the single cell are connected.

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