Forage grass drying machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of pasture machinery, and particularly discloses a pasture dryer. The system comprises a conveying line, a drying bin, insertion type drying devices and a heat pump unit, the drying bin is arranged on the conveying line, soft curtain doors are arranged at the two ends of the drying bin in a sealed mode, the two insertion type drying devices are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the drying bin respectively, and the heat pump unit is connected with the insertion type drying devices and a first waste heat recovery cover in a sealed mode; the mode that hot air is directly fed into the middle of a pasture bale through the air supply needle for heating and drying is adopted, the dryness of the inside and the outside of the dried pasture bale is uniform, generated waste heat is recycled by the heat pump unit and used for heating air for drying again, a heat pump heating principle is used for replacing a traditional current acting and heating mode, and energy is saved. The heating efficiency is higher, and the energy consumption is lower; water evaporated in the bales is condensed into liquid water through the evaporator, the influence on the humidity of the surrounding environment during drying is reduced, and the problem that the drying efficiency is reduced due to humidity rising is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of forage machinery, in particular to a forage dryer. Background Art

[0002] Livestock breeding requires forage as feed for feeding livestock. Therefore, the demand for forage is relatively large. The traditional method relying solely on grazing cannot meet the needs of large-scale breeding. Therefore, the market demand for commercial forage has increased sharply in recent years; in order to facilitate storage and transportation, commercial forage is usually baled by a baler after harvesting. Since the water content of fresh forage is relatively high, the air circulation inside the forage bale is not smooth after baling, and it will mildew and deteriorate during storage and transportation, resulting in losses and waste; therefore, it is necessary to dry the forage bale to reduce the overall water content of the forage bale. The traditional drying method is to use an oven or a conveyor belt type drying device to heat from the outside to the inside with hot air, and the drying efficiency is relatively low, and the drying uniformity is relatively poor. There is a problem that the outside of the bale is already over-dried, but the humidity inside the bale is still relatively high.

[0003] In the prior art, such as a forage dryer with the publication number CN214406752U, an insertion type structure is adopted for drying. Hot air is sent into the middle part of the forage bale by inserting multiple air ducts into the middle of the forage bale. The water content inside and outside the forage bale dried by this scheme is relatively uniform. However, the heat sources generally used are electric energy and fuel heating. After the hot air entering the forage bale evaporates the moisture of the forage, it is directly dissipated to the outside, and part of the heat is taken away and dissipated in the surrounding environment, resulting in relatively high overall energy consumption; and during a large number of drying operations, the humidity in the factory building environment gradually rises, which will cause the drying efficiency of hot air drying to decrease, and the drying heating time needs to be extended, which will further increase the energy consumption. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a forage dryer to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] The utility model is implemented by the following technical solutions: A forage dryer includes a conveyor line, a drying chamber, an insertion type drying device and a heat pump unit. A drying chamber is provided on the conveyor line. The drying chamber includes side plates on both sides of the conveyor line and a first waste heat recovery cover arranged on the tops of the two side plates. Soft curtain doors are hermetically arranged at both ends of the drying chamber. A group of insertion type drying devices are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the drying chamber respectively. The air outlet of the heating air path of the heat pump unit is hermetically connected to the hot air distribution box of the insertion type drying device, and the air inlet of the waste heat recovery air path of the heat pump unit is hermetically connected to the first waste heat recovery cover.

[0006] Further, the plug-in drying device includes a hot air shunt box, air supply needles, guide rods and a hydraulic cylinder. On both sides of the drying bin and perpendicular to the side plates, there are two groups of guide rods. The hot air shunt box is slidably arranged along the guide rods. The hydraulic cylinder is installed parallel to the guide rods. The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the frames extending from both sides of the drying bin, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the hot air shunt box. A number of air supply needles are arranged on the hot air shunt box, and the air supply needles pass through the side plates of the drying bin and are movably placed inside the drying bin.

[0007] Further, the air supply needle is of a hollow structure. One end of the air supply needle is open and communicated with the hot air shunt box. The other end of the air supply needle is integrally formed with a pointed head, and a number of ventilation holes are opened on the outer wall of the air supply needle.

[0008] Further, the heat pump unit includes a heating air path and a waste heat recovery air path. A condenser is provided in the heating air path, and an evaporator is provided in the waste heat recovery air path.

[0009] Further, it also includes a secondary seal bin. One side of the inlet of the drying bin is hermetically connected to the secondary seal bin, and a soft curtain door is hermetically provided at the inlet of the secondary seal bin.

[0010] Further, it also includes a cooling bin. One side of the outlet of the drying bin is hermetically connected to the cooling bin. A soft curtain door is hermetically provided at the outlet of the cooling bin. The top of the cooling bin is hermetically connected to a second waste heat recovery cover. The second waste heat recovery cover is hermetically connected to the inlet of the waste heat recovery air path of the heat pump unit, and the outlet of the waste heat recovery air path of the heat pump unit is hermetically connected to the cooling bin.

[0011] Further, a butterfly valve is provided at the outlet of the second waste heat recovery cover.

[0012] Further, a hot air blower is installed on the pipeline between the outlet of the heating air path of the heat pump unit and the hot air shunt box of the plug-in drying device.

[0013] Further, an axial flow fan is installed on the pipeline at the inlet of the waste heat recovery air path of the heat pump unit.

[0014] Advantages of the present utility model: Insertion drying is adopted, and hot air is directly sent into the middle position of the forage bale through the air supply needles for heating and drying, making the dryness inside and outside the dried bale relatively uniform. Moreover, the drying chamber is a closed space, and the hot air for drying and the evaporated moisture can be sent back to the heat pump unit through the first waste heat recovery cover. The generated waste heat is recovered and utilized by the heat pump unit to heat the air for drying again. The principle of heat pump heating is used to replace the traditional way of generating heat by current work, with higher heating efficiency and lower energy consumption. At the same time, the moisture evaporated from the forage bale can be condensed into liquid water on the evaporator of the heat pump unit and finally discharged through a pipeline, without affecting the environmental humidity of the drying workshop, solving the problem that the environmental humidity rises due to long-term drying, thereby affecting the drying efficiency. There are a secondary sealing chamber and a cooling chamber, which can maximize the recovery rate of the drying heat and reduce the energy consumption of forage bale drying. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drying chamber.

[0017] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insertion drying device.

[0018] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air supply needle.

[0019] Figure 5 is a working principle diagram of the heat pump unit.

[0020] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary sealing chamber and the cooling chamber.

[0021] In the figure: conveyor line 1, drying chamber 2, insertion drying device 3, heat pump unit 4, soft curtain door 5, secondary sealing chamber 6, cooling chamber 7, hot air blower 8, axial flow fan 9, side plate 201, first waste heat recovery cover 202, hot air shunt box 301, air supply needle 302, guide rod 303, hydraulic cylinder 304, pointed head 305, ventilation hole 306, heating air path 401, waste heat recovery air path 402, condenser 403, evaporator 404, compressor 405, expansion valve 406, second waste heat recovery cover 701, butterfly valve 702. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0023] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.

[0024] As Figure 1 shown, a forage dryer includes a conveyor line 1, a drying chamber 2, an insert type drying device 3 and a heat pump unit 4. A drying chamber 2 is provided on the conveyor line 1. The conveyor line 1 is used to convey baled forage bales. The conveyor line 1 can adopt a roller conveyor or a belt conveyor, etc. The conveyor line 1 is driven by a motor. The conveyor line 1 feeds the wet bales into the drying chamber 2 from the entrance and sends the bales out through the exit of the drying chamber 2 after drying; As Figure 2 shown: The drying chamber 2 includes side plates 201 on both sides of the conveyor line 1 and a first waste heat recovery cover 202 provided on the top of the two side plates 201. The bottom of the conveyor line 1 is hermetically connected to the side plates 201. The conveyor line 1, the side plates 201 and the first waste heat recovery cover 202 enclose to form the drying chamber 2. Soft curtain doors 5 are hermetically provided at both ends of the drying chamber 2. The soft curtain doors 5 are composed of common pvc soft curtains. The soft curtain doors 5 can allow the bales to pass through and keep the drying chamber 2 relatively isolated from the external environment during the drying process, which can prevent the hot air and steam in the drying chamber 2 from overflowing; A set of insert type drying devices 3 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the drying chamber 2 respectively.

[0025] As Figure 3 、 Figure 4As shown in the figure: The plug-in drying device 3 includes a hot air shunt box 301, air supply needles 302, guide rods 303, and a hydraulic cylinder 304. On both sides of the drying bin 2 and perpendicular to the side plate 201, there are two groups of guide rods 303. The hot air shunt box 301 is slidably arranged along the guide rods 303 and can reciprocate along the guide rods 303. The hydraulic cylinder 304 is installed parallel to the guide rods 303. The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder 304 is fixedly connected to the frame extending from both sides of the drying bin 2, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 304 is fixedly connected to the hot air shunt box 301. The hydraulic cylinder 304 is used to drive the hot air shunt box 301 to reciprocate along the guide rods 303. A number of air supply needles 302 are provided on the hot air shunt box 301. The air supply needles 302 are arranged in an array according to the size of the bale, and the distance between two adjacent air supply needles 302 is 10 cm - 20 cm. The air supply needles 302 pass through the side plate 201 of the drying bin 2 and are movably placed inside the drying bin 2. When the conveyor line 1 transports the bale into the drying bin 2, the hydraulic cylinder 304 extends, pushing the two hot air shunt boxes 301 on both sides of the drying bin 2 towards the middle, and the air supply needles 302 penetrate the side plate 201 and then pierce into the bale; the air supply needles 302 are of a hollow structure. One end of the air supply needle 302 is open and communicated with the hot air shunt box 301. The other end of the air supply needle 302 is integrally formed with a pointed head 305. A number of ventilation holes 306 are opened on the outer wall of the air supply needle 302. The hot air is evenly distributed to each air supply needle 302 through the hot air shunt box 301, and then is transported to the inside of the bale through the ventilation holes 306 opened on the outer wall of the air supply needle 302, heating the moisture of the forage from the inside, and evaporating the moisture through the hot air flow and then taking it out, diffusing from the inside of the bale into the drying bin 2.

[0026] As Figure 5As shown in the figure: The heat pump unit 4 includes a heating air duct 401 and a waste heat recovery air duct 402. The heat pump unit 4 is a prior art. The refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 405 to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas and enters the condenser 403, releases heat and becomes a liquid, then throttles through the expansion valve 406 and enters the evaporator 404 to absorb heat and becomes a gas again, and then is compressed by the compressor 405 again for circulation. In the above process, the refrigerant absorbs heat in the evaporator 404 and transports the heat to the condenser 403 for release. Compared with traditional resistance heating, it has high heating efficiency, low energy consumption, and can realize waste heat recovery and utilization; the condenser 403 is provided in the heating air duct 401, and the evaporator 404 is provided in the waste heat recovery air duct 402. The air outlet of the heating air duct 401 of the heat pump unit 4 is hermetically connected to the hot air distribution box 301 of the plug-in drying device 3. The air inlet of the heating air duct 401 is communicated with the surrounding environment, heats the air and transports it to the hot air distribution box 301. The air inlet of the waste heat recovery air duct 402 of the heat pump unit 4 is hermetically connected to the first waste heat recovery cover 202. The high-temperature and high-humidity air in the drying chamber 2 is sent back to the waste heat recovery air duct 402 through the first waste heat recovery cover 202, exchanges heat through the evaporator 404, cools the high-temperature and high-humidity air, recovers the heat therein, and the moisture in the air condenses after cooling on the fin surface of the evaporator 404. The air after heat exchange through the evaporator 404 becomes low-temperature and low-humidity air and is then discharged to the surrounding environment. The condensed water on the fin surface of the evaporator 404 can be collected and discharged through a pipeline, and the humidity of the surrounding environment will not increase significantly during long-term drying operations, solving the problem that the humidity of the surrounding environment increases greatly during long-term drying operations of traditional drying equipment, resulting in a decrease in drying efficiency.

[0027] Due to the limitation of the power of the heat pump unit 4 and its working principle, the condenser 403 in the heating air duct 401 warms up slowly in the initial working state and has limited air heating capacity. To improve the drying efficiency, a hot air blower 8 is installed on the pipeline between the air outlet of the heating air duct 401 of the heat pump unit 4 and the hot air distribution box 301 of the plug-in drying device 3. The hot air blower 8 can quickly heat the air to the temperature required for drying, improving the drying efficiency.

[0028] At the same time, in order to improve the efficiency of waste heat recovery and reduce the loss of hot and humid air in the drying chamber 2, an axial flow fan 9 is installed on the pipeline at the air inlet of the waste heat recovery air duct 402 of the heat pump unit 4 to form a negative pressure at the first waste heat recovery cover 202, assisting the waste heat recovery air duct 402 to recover the hot air.

[0029] As Figure 6As shown in the figure, it also includes a secondary sealing bin 6 and a cooling bin 7. Since the sealing effect of the soft curtain door 5 is not good, in order to reduce the loss of hot air during drying, a secondary sealing bin 6 is provided on one side of the inlet of the drying bin 2. The inlet side of the drying bin 2 is hermetically connected to the secondary sealing bin 6. A soft curtain door 5 is hermetically provided at the inlet of the secondary sealing bin 6. The bales are first conveyed by the conveying line 1 into the secondary sealing bin 6 and then into the drying bin 2. The two soft curtain doors 5 can improve the tightness of the drying bin 2 and reduce the loss of heat in the drying bin 2.

[0030] The temperature of the bales after drying is relatively high, and the heat will dissipate and be lost after being sent out of the drying bin 2. Therefore, a cooling bin 7 can be provided on one side of the outlet of the drying bin 2. The outlet side of the drying bin 2 is hermetically connected to the cooling bin 7. A soft curtain door 5 is hermetically provided at the outlet of the cooling bin 7. This soft curtain door 5 is similar in function to the soft curtain door 5 of the secondary sealing bin 6 and can play a role in secondary sealing. Moreover, the top of the cooling bin 7 is hermetically connected to a second waste heat recovery cover 701. The second waste heat recovery cover 701 is hermetically connected to the air inlet of the waste heat recovery air path 402 of the heat pump unit 4. A butterfly valve 702 is provided at the air outlet of the second waste heat recovery cover 701. The air outlet of the waste heat recovery air path 402 of the heat pump unit 4 is hermetically connected to the cooling bin 7. The high-temperature and high-humidity air is heat-exchanged and dehumidified through the evaporator 404 of the waste heat recovery air path 402 and then becomes low-temperature and dry air and is sent to the cooling bin 7 to cool the bales that have just been heated and dried. The waste heat and moisture emitted by the bales are carried away by the air and passed through; the second waste heat recovery cover 701 collects it, and after passing through the butterfly valve 702, it is recycled again. The excess low-temperature and dry air is directly discharged through the cooling bin 7 by overflow; since the air collected by the second waste heat recovery cover 701 is much lower in temperature and humidity than that in the drying bin 2, in actual production, the main purpose is to recover the humid and hot air in the drying bin 2. In order to avoid excessive air flow in the cooling bin 7 affecting the waste heat recovery efficiency, a butterfly valve 702 is provided to adjust the flow rate collected by the second waste heat recovery cover 701.

Claims

1. A forage dryer, characterized in that, It includes a conveyor line (1), a drying bin (2), an insertable drying device (3) and a heat pump unit (4). A drying bin (2) is provided on the conveyor line (1). The drying bin (2) includes side plates (201) on both sides of the conveyor line (1) and a first waste heat recovery cover (202) arranged at the top of the two side plates (201). Soft curtain doors (5) are hermetically provided at both ends of the drying bin (2). A group of insertable drying devices (3) are symmetrically provided on both sides of the drying bin (2). The air outlet of the heating air path (401) of the heat pump unit (4) is hermetically connected to the hot air distribution box (301) of the insertable drying device (3), and the air inlet of the waste heat recovery air path (402) of the heat pump unit (4) is hermetically connected to the first waste heat recovery cover (202).

2. The forage dryer according to claim 1, wherein, The insertable drying device (3) includes a hot air distribution box (301), air supply needles (302), guide rods (303) and hydraulic cylinders (304). Two groups of guide rods (303) are provided on both sides of the drying bin (2) perpendicular to the side plates (201). The hot air distribution box (301) is slidably arranged along the guide rods (303). The hydraulic cylinders (304) are installed parallel to the guide rods (303). The fixed ends of the hydraulic cylinders (304) are fixedly connected to the frames extending from both sides of the drying bin (2), and the telescopic ends of the hydraulic cylinders (304) are fixedly connected to the hot air distribution box (301). A number of air supply needles (302) are provided on the hot air distribution box (301), and the air supply needles (302) pass through the side plates (201) of the drying bin (2) and are movably placed inside the drying bin (2).

3. The forage dryer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air supply needle (302) is of a hollow structure. One end of the air supply needle (302) is open and communicated with the hot air distribution box (301). A pointed head (305) is integrally formed at the other end of the air supply needle (302). A number of ventilation holes (306) are opened on the outer wall of the air supply needle (302).

4. A forage dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat pump unit (4) includes a heating air path (401) and a waste heat recovery air path (402). A condenser (403) is provided in the heating air path (401), and an evaporator (404) is provided in the waste heat recovery air path (402).

5. A forage dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a secondary sealing bin (6). One side of the inlet of the drying bin (2) is hermetically connected to the secondary sealing bin (6). A soft curtain door (5) is hermetically provided at the inlet of the secondary sealing bin (6).

6. The forage dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a cooling bin (7). One side of the outlet of the drying bin (2) is hermetically connected to the cooling bin (7). A soft curtain door (5) is hermetically provided at the outlet of the cooling bin (7). A second waste heat recovery cover (701) is hermetically connected to the top of the cooling bin (7). The second waste heat recovery cover (701) is hermetically connected to the air inlet of the waste heat recovery air path (402) of the heat pump unit (4), and the air outlet of the waste heat recovery air path (402) of the heat pump unit (4) is hermetically connected to the cooling bin (7).

7. A forage dryer according to claim 6, characterized in that, A butterfly valve (702) is provided at the air outlet of the second waste heat recovery cover (701).

8. A forage dryer according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, A hot air blower (8) is installed on the pipeline between the air outlet of the heating air path (401) of the heat pump unit (4) and the hot air distribution box (301) of the insertable drying device (3).

9. The forage dryer according to claim 8, characterized in that, An axial flow fan (9) is installed on the pipeline at the air inlet of the waste heat recovery air duct (402) of the heat pump unit (4).

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