Composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro-forging

Abstract

The utility model discloses a composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro-forging, which comprises a sealed cabin, a three-axis guide rail system arranged in the sealed cabin and driven by a motor, a rotating disc arranged on a Z-axis direction movement guide rail, a replaceable working panel mounted on the rotating disc, an inflation switch, an exhaust switch and a clamp mounted on the working panel, the ultrasonic micro-forging device cabin is arranged on the Z-axis direction movement guide rail; and the ultrasonic generator is matched with the ultrasonic micro-forging device cabin. A cabin pressure detection sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor are arranged in the sealed cabin; the system further comprises an infrared optical fiber laser, an integrated ultraviolet optical fiber laser and corresponding optical assemblies. According to the polishing device, an oxide layer on the surface of a workpiece is removed in a pulse mode of the infrared laser, and then the continuous mode is switched for fine polishing. The ultraviolet laser adopts a pulse mode to assist in machining, and the ultraviolet laser and the pulse mode cooperate to improve the polishing effect. And after polishing is completed, the surface of the workpiece is subjected to strengthening treatment through an ultrasonic micro-forging device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of metal surface pretreatment, and particularly relates to a composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro forging. Background Technique

[0002] With the development of the times, industrial manufacturing has higher and higher requirements for the surface roughness and strength of materials. Both ultrasonic surface micro forging and laser polishing technologies are new metal material surface treatment technologies, both of which have the characteristics of high precision and fast processing speed. Laser polishing technology is a non-contact surface treatment technology. It irradiates the material surface with a highly focused laser beam, and uses the thermal effect of the laser to cause melting, evaporation or phase change on the material surface. Ultrasonic micro forging is a technology that uses the high-frequency vibration generated by ultrasonic waves to apply a small amount of plastic deformation to the material surface through a tool head to improve the microscopic structure and macroscopic properties of the material surface. From the perspective of industrial applications, both ultrasonic surface micro forging and laser polishing technologies have great advantages, because they can realize the automation of the processing process, improve the processing efficiency of the material surface, and in addition, do not require mechanical abrasives or surface polishing tools. Ultrasonic surface micro forging and laser polishing technologies are favored by researchers due to a series of advantages such as higher polishing and strengthening efficiency and faster speed for the metal surface.

[0003] Pure laser polishing can effectively remove surface defects and depressions. However, from the processing mechanism, most laser polishing methods use the thermal effect to process the metal surface, quickly removing the surface roughness, oxide layer, welding slag, etc. of the metal, and improving the surface finish and brightness of the metal to a certain extent. However, for the molten pool formed under the thermal effect, especially the molten pool with a larger depth, the material surface is redistributed in a large range, the crystal lattice composition changes, and many microstructures are formed. This may lead to an unsatisfactory flatness of the material surface, uncertain changes in strength and hardness, and affect the subsequent use effect. In addition, laser polishing also mainly improves the surface structure of the material through thermal action, but for problems such as grain growth and phase change, the ability of laser polishing is limited. Therefore, the crystal structure and tissue state of the metal component surface cannot be well optimized and adjusted by laser polishing. In addition, laser polishing cannot significantly enhance the hardness and strength of the metal component surface. In some application scenarios, metal components need to have high wear resistance and fatigue resistance, and only laser polishing cannot meet these requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide a composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro forging. The application of the composite laser polishing technology improves the surface quality of metal components, effectively reduces the surface roughness, has a very high processing efficiency and no impurities are introduced after polishing. The whole processing process is pollution-free, low-carbon and environmentally friendly, effectively solving the drawbacks and deficiencies of traditional polishing devices. The combination with ultrasonic micro forging reduces defects such as ablation and molten stains during the laser polishing process, making the surface of the metal component more flat and smooth, and can re-adjust the grain structure and tissue state of the metal component surface, refine the grains and increase the dislocation density, making it more dense and uniform, thereby contributing to improving the mechanical properties, wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the material, etc., and thus improving the hardness and strength of the surface.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro forging, comprising a sealed chamber 8. Inside the sealed chamber 8, an X-axis direction movement guide rail 12, a Y-axis direction movement guide rail 11 and a Z-axis direction movement guide rail 23 are arranged on one side. An X-axis direction movement guide rail slider 24 driven by an X-axis direction movement guide rail motor 34 is mounted on the X-axis direction movement guide rail 12. A Y-axis direction movement guide rail slider 10 driven by a Y-axis direction movement guide rail motor 7 is mounted on the Y-axis direction movement guide rail 11. A Z-axis direction movement guide rail slider 17 driven by a Z-axis direction movement guide rail motor 32 is mounted on the Z-axis direction movement guide rail 23. The X-axis direction movement guide rail 12 is mounted on the Y-axis direction movement guide rail slider 10, and the Z-axis direction movement guide rail 23 is mounted on the X-axis direction movement guide rail slider 24. A rotating disk 22 is provided on the Z-axis direction movement guide rail 23. A replaceable working panel 20, an inflation switch 3 and an exhaust switch 5 are installed on the rotating disk 22. A workpiece clamp 18 is installed on the working panel 20. On the other side inside the sealed chamber 8, a Y-axis direction movement guide rail 11 is provided. A Y-axis direction movement guide rail slider 10 driven by a Y-axis direction movement guide rail motor 7 is mounted on the Y-axis direction movement guide rail 11. The Z-axis direction movement guide rail 23 is mounted on the Y-axis direction movement guide rail slider 10. An ultrasonic micro forging device chamber is provided on the Z-axis direction movement guide rail 23. Inside the ultrasonic micro forging device chamber, in sequence from the top of the chamber to the bottom, there are a small hydraulic cylinder 35, an ultrasonic transducer 36, a horn amplitude transformer 37 of the ultrasonic horn and an ultrasonic micro forging head 38. Outside the sealed chamber 8, there is an independent ultrasonic generator 39, which is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 36 inside the sealed chamber through an electrical connection for the conversion connection from electrical signal to sound signal. A chamber pressure detection sensor 6 and an oxygen concentration sensor 33 are installed inside the sealed chamber 8. Two columns 2 are installed outside the sealed chamber 8. An irregular flat plate is installed on each column 2. An infrared fiber laser 28, an infrared fiber laser collimator 27, an infrared fiber laser beam expander 26, an infrared fiber laser adapter neck 25, an infrared fiber laser galvanometer 14 and an infrared fiber laser field lens 16 are installed on the left irregular flat plate. An integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29, an ultraviolet fiber laser beam expander 31, an ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck 30, an ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer 13 and an ultraviolet fiber laser field lens 15 are installed on the right irregular flat plate.

[0007] The sealed chamber 8 is an argon sealed chamber. The base 1 is fixedly connected to the sealed chamber 8 by bolts. The sealed chamber 8 is fixed all around by sealed chamber clamps 4. The sealed chamber clamps 4 are fixedly connected to the base 1 by bolts. The ultrasonic generator 39 is arranged on the control panel outside the sealed chamber 8 and is fixed on both sides by the sealed chamber clamps 4.

[0008] The Y-axis moving guide rail 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the sealed cabin by bolts, and the Y-axis moving guide rail slider 10 is fixedly connected to the X-axis moving guide rail 12 by bolts; the X-axis moving guide rail slider 24 is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving guide rail 23 by bolts, and the Z-axis moving guide rail slider 24 is fixedly connected to the rotating disk 22 by bolts;

[0009] The L-shaped flat plate 19 is fixedly connected to the rotating disk 22 by a screw rod 21, the working panel 20 is fixedly connected to the L-shaped flat plate 19 by bolts, and the adjustable workpiece fixture 18 is fixedly connected to the working panel 20 by bolts.

[0010] The column 2 is fixedly connected to the base 1, the L-shaped flat plate 19 is connected to the column 2 by bolts, the infrared fiber laser 28, the infrared fiber laser collimator 27, and the infrared fiber laser beam expander 26 are fixedly connected to the special-shaped flat plate by latches, one end of the infrared fiber laser adapter neck 25 is fixedly connected to the end of the special-shaped flat plate, and the infrared fiber laser galvanometer 14 is fixedly connected to the other end of the infrared fiber laser adapter neck 25 by bolts;

[0011] The integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29 is connected to the special-shaped flat plate by bolts, the ultraviolet fiber laser beam expander 31 is connected to the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29 by threads, one end of the ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck 30 is connected to the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29 by bolts, and the ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer 13 is fixedly connected to the other end of the ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck 30 by bolts.

[0012] The integrated ultraviolet fiber laser beam expander 31 is installed inside the ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck 30 and the concentricity is ensured; the ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer 13 is connected to the ultraviolet fiber laser field lens 15 by a threaded connection through an adapter ring;

[0013] Parts of the infrared fiber laser adapter neck 25 and the ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck 30 are installed inside the sealed cabin 8 and are sealed with the wall of the sealed cabin 8 by sealant.

[0014] The cabin pressure detection sensor 6 is adhesively bonded to the side wall of the sealed cabin 8, and the oxygen concentration sensor 33 is adhesively bonded to the top of the sealed cabin 8.

[0015] Inside the ultrasonic micro-forging device cabin, the small hydraulic cylinder 35 is connected above the ultrasonic transducer 36 through a pipeline, the ultrasonic horn is connected below the ultrasonic transducer 36, and at the same time, the ultrasonic horn is connected to a horn 37 below, the ultrasonic micro-forging head 38 is inserted into the tool head, the tool head is connected to the horn 37, and the horn 37, the tool head and the ultrasonic micro-forging head 38 extend out of the ultrasonic micro-forging device cabin; the ultrasonic micro-forging head 38 is a ball-type ultrasonic micro-forging head.

[0016] The polishing method of the composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro-forging described above includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Open the door of the sealed chamber 8, clamp the workpiece with the workpiece fixture 18 to ensure that the workpiece does not slide relative to the working panel 20 during the movement of the three-axis motion guide rail and the rotating disk 22;

[0018] Step 2: Adjust the angle of the galvanometer of the infrared fiber laser 14 so that the processing area of the infrared fiber laser 28 coincides with the processing area of the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29 and is ensured to be within the upper surface range of the workpiece;

[0019] Step 3: Adjust the positions of the slider 10 of the Y-axis motion guide rail, the slider 24 of the X-axis motion guide rail, and the slider 17 of the Z-axis motion guide rail, adjust the defocus amount and observe the light spot so that the upper surface of the workpiece is located at the focal plane of the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29;

[0020] Step 4: Close the door of the sealed chamber 8, open the inflation switch 3 to fill the sealed chamber 8 with protective gas;

[0021] Step 5: When the value displayed by the oxygen concentration sensor 33 drops to the specified range, close the inflation switch 3 and at the same time close the exhaust switch 5 to keep the protective gas atmosphere in the chamber;

[0022] Step 6: Adopt the pulse mode of the infrared fiber laser 28, set its output power, laser scanning speed, pulse width, and frequency to perform laser rough polishing on the upper surface of the workpiece to remove the substances on the workpiece surface that are likely to affect the surface quality after polishing;

[0023] Step 7: Switch the infrared fiber laser 28 from the pulse mode back to the continuous mode, set the scanning speeds of the two lasers according to the relationship between the infrared laser and the ultraviolet laser scanning speeds, and at the same time set the output power and average energy density parameters of the infrared fiber laser 28 and the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29. First, turn on the infrared fiber laser 28, and then turn on the integrated ultraviolet laser 29 within 1 ms;

[0024] Step 8: Adjust the positions of the slider 10 of the Y-axis motion guide rail and the slider 24 of the X-axis motion guide rail, and process different areas of the workpiece surface according to Step 7;

[0025] Step 9: Adjust the angle of the rotating disk 22 and the position of the slider 17 of the Z-axis motion guide rail, and process the inclined surface areas on both sides of the upper surface of the workpiece according to Step 7 and Step 8;

[0026] Step 10: Open the exhaust switch 5 to discharge the protective gas in the chamber;

[0027] Step 11: When the value of the oxygen concentration sensor 33 returns to the preset range, adjust the positions of the slider 10 of the Y-axis motion guide rail, the slider 24 of the X-axis motion guide rail, and the slider 17 of the Z-axis motion guide rail so that the working plane where the workpiece is located approaches the ultrasonic micro forging head 38;

[0028] Step 12: Adjust the Y-axis direction motion guide rail slider 10 and the Z-axis direction motion guide rail slider 17 on the other side of the sealed chamber 8 so that the position of the ultrasonic micro-forging head 38 can be in good contact with the workpiece surface and is located in the area where micro-forging strengthening is required;

[0029] Step 13: Set the working parameters of the ultrasonic micro-forging working frequency, output power, amplitude, wavelength, and magnification factor;

[0030] Step 14: Start the ultrasonic generator 39 and perform micro-forging strengthening treatment on the workpiece surface through the ultrasonic micro-forging head 38. During this process, the energy of the ultrasonic wave will be transmitted through the workpiece surface;

[0031] Step 15: According to needs, comprehensively adjust the relative position of the ultrasonic micro-forging head 38 and the workpiece by adjusting the Y-axis direction motion guide rail slider 10, the Z-axis direction motion guide rail slider 17, and the X-axis direction motion guide rail slider 24 on the other side of the sealed chamber 8, and perform continuous micro-forging treatment on different areas of the workpiece to ensure uniform stress and strengthening on the entire workpiece surface;

[0032] Step 16: After the ultrasonic micro-forging treatment is completed, turn off the ultrasonic generator 39 and wait for the workpiece to cool to room temperature;

[0033] Step 17: Level the rotating disk 22 and set the positions of the three-axis motion guide rail sliders to zero. At the same time, adjust the positions of the Y-axis direction motion guide rail slider 10 and the Z-axis direction motion guide rail slider 17 on the other side of the sealed chamber 8 to zero;

[0034] Step 18: Open the workpiece fixture 18 and take out the workpiece that has undergone ultrasonic micro-forging strengthening treatment, and check the surface quality and strengthening effect.

[0035] The output power of the infrared fiber laser 28 in Step 7 is less than the output power of the infrared fiber laser 28 in Step 6.

[0036] The value of the oxygen concentration sensor 33 in Step 5 should be reduced to below 100 ppm.

[0037] The value of the oxygen concentration sensor 33 in Step 11 should be restored to above 9000 ppm.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present utility model has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0039] Compared with the traditional single-laser-beam processing and polishing system, the present utility model has achieved a significant improvement in the surface quality of metal components after polishing. In traditional single-laser-beam processing, when infrared laser around 1064 nm is used for processing, due to the characteristics of the metal component material, its absorption rate is only 2% - 3%, and the remaining laser energy is reflected, thus reducing the polishing processing efficiency and increasing the cost. At the same time, using a high-power laser for processing easily causes surface damage, and the laser radiation has an impact on the processing area. On the other hand, when ultraviolet laser is used for processing, the metal component has a high absorption rate but is prone to impurity precipitation, resulting in molten pool fluctuations and an increase in surface roughness.

[0040] When dual-wavelength laser synchronous processing is adopted, the infrared laser irradiates obliquely onto the workpiece surface, ensuring the polishing quality while avoiding damage to the laser, and cooperating with the ultraviolet laser for collaborative polishing processing in a short time. Due to the good thermal conductivity of the metal component, the molten pool generated by the ultraviolet laser has an impact on the infrared laser, increasing its absorption rate and performing secondary reconstruction on the surface under appropriate laser power, further improving the surface quality after polishing.

[0041] In addition, by combining the robustness of continuous laser and the controllable moving four-axis substrate platform, the surface polishing processing of workpieces with a certain curvature can be completed. By adjusting the processing parameters of the relevant infrared laser and ultraviolet laser and the motion parameters of the substrate platform, synchronous and large-area processing is achieved, improving the adaptability of the workpiece processing material. For workpieces with special requirements for the curvature at the bend edge, the corresponding processing parameters of ultraviolet laser polishing can be adjusted to reduce the heat-affected zone and achieve material removal without affecting the bend curvature on the premise of ensuring the surface roughness. By changing the number of polishing processing times, a certain surface layer depth can be processed.

[0042] In the present utility model, ultrasonic micro-forging treatment of composite laser polishing is applied to the surface of the metal component after laser polishing, further improving the surface quality and performance of the material. The ultrasonic micro-forging treatment generates local vibration acting on the material surface through the propagation of ultrasonic waves, eliminating or reducing defects such as ablation and molten contamination that may occur during the laser polishing process, making the surface more delicate and uniform; it can also regulate the residual stress of the metal component after laser polishing, reducing the tendency of deformation and cracking of large and complex metal components; at the same time, it can further process the microstructure of the surface, improve the lattice structure of the material surface after laser polishing, increase the hardness and wear resistance, and realize the adjustment and optimization of the surface morphology of the material.

[0043] Meanwhile, in the ultrasonic micro-forging device, the controllable moving three-axis machining platform cooperates with the ultrasonic device to make the device have high flexibility, and can flexibly and comprehensively adjust the relative position between the ultrasonic micro-forging tool head and the workpiece to be machined, and perform continuous micro-forging treatment on different areas of the workpiece, so as to ensure uniform stress and strengthening on the entire workpiece surface; the spherical structure of the ball-type ultrasonic micro-forging head can better adapt to the shape of the machined surface. Whether it is a convex, concave or complex curve, the spherical head can fit more closely to the workpiece surface. This means that during ultrasonic micro-forging processing, the spherical head can better maintain contact with the workpiece surface, thereby realizing more uniform force transmission and vibration effect. Compared with heads of other shapes, the spherical head can more effectively adapt to curved surfaces of different shapes, ensuring the accuracy and stability of processing. At the same time, the ball-shaped ultrasonic micro-forging head can achieve a more uniform vibration distribution during the processing. Due to the relatively uniform curvature of the spherical head, when it contacts the workpiece surface, the vibration can be transmitted more evenly to the workpiece surface. This helps to reduce the possibility of local stress concentration and maintain the uniformity and consistency of the machined surface. By achieving a uniform vibration distribution, the ball-shaped ultrasonic micro-forging head can ensure the processing efficiency and quality during the entire processing process. The ball-shaped ultrasonic micro-forging head can reduce damage to the workpiece surface. Compared with other shapes, the spherical head impacts the workpiece surface more evenly during the processing. This means that it can reduce factors that may cause scratches or damage, which is beneficial to maintaining the integrity and smoothness of the workpiece surface. By reducing damage to the workpiece surface, the ball-shaped ultrasonic micro-forging head can ensure the quality and appearance of the final machined surface.

[0044] With the continuous update and iteration of laser technology and optical components, the application of three-dimensional galvanometers has significantly increased the laser processing depth, and the efficiency and precision are very high. Replacing the two-dimensional galvanometer in this utility model with a three-dimensional galvanometer can further increase the processing depth of the workpiece surface, achieve surface polishing of more complex curved surfaces, further increase the types of processed materials and polishing efficiency, and broaden its market application. This utility model uses a five-axis system for the composite laser polishing side and the ultrasonic micro-forging side, and its application in laser polishing and ultrasonic micro-forging can bring various effects. For laser polishing, the five-axis system can achieve fine processing of more complex workpiece surface shapes, and at the same time can process the workpiece comprehensively at different angles, thereby improving the uniformity and consistency of polishing. Through flexible multi-axis positioning and rotation, the laser can accurately and vertically irradiate each part of the workpiece surface, achieving a more delicate and uniform polishing effect. For ultrasonic micro-forging, the application of the five-axis system can also bring significant effects. Through multi-axis positioning and dynamic adjustment, combined with a spherical ultrasonic micro-forging head, it can better adapt to the curved surface shape of the workpiece surface, achieve more uniform vibration transmission and force action, thereby improving the processing precision and consistency. In addition, the five-axis system can also optimize the processing path planning and workpiece fixation, improve the processing efficiency and production capacity, while reducing the surface roughness and residual stress, and improving the surface finish and quality of the processed surface. The application of the five-axis system in laser polishing and ultrasonic micro-forging has many advantages such as improving processing precision, enhancing processing capabilities, increasing processing efficiency, and optimizing the processed surface quality. This enables laser polishing and ultrasonic micro-forging to have greater flexibility and application potential when processing complex curved surfaces and precision parts. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0045] Figure 1 Is an axonometric view of the polishing device of this utility model;

[0046] Figure 2 Is a left-sectional view of the polishing device of this utility model;

[0047] Figure 3 Is a top-sectional view of the polishing device of this utility model;

[0048] Figure 4 Is a front-sectional view of the polishing device of this utility model;

[0049] Figure 5 Is an axonometric view of the moving three-axis system of the polishing device of this utility model;

[0050] Figure 6 Is the surface roughness of the metal component before being processed by the device and method of this utility model;

[0051] Figure 7 Is the surface roughness of the metal component after being processed by the device and method of this utility model.

[0052] In the attached drawings: 1. Base; 2. Column; 3. Inflation switch; 4. Sealed cabin fixture; 5. Exhaust switch; 6. Cabin pressure detection sensor; 7. Y-axis direction movement guide rail motor; 8. Sealed cabin; 9. Transmission worm; 10. Y-axis direction movement guide rail slider; 11. Y-axis direction movement guide rail; 12. X-axis direction movement guide rail; 13. UV fiber laser galvanometer; 14. Infrared fiber laser galvanometer; 15. UV fiber laser field lens; 16. Infrared fiber laser field lens; 17. Z-axis direction movement guide rail slider; 18. Workpiece fixture; 19. L-shaped flat plate; 20. Working panel; 21. Screw; 22. Rotating disk; 23. Z-axis direction movement guide rail; 24. X-axis direction movement guide rail slider; 25. Infrared fiber laser adapter neck; 26. Infrared fiber laser beam expander; 27. Infrared fiber laser collimator; 28. Infrared fiber laser; 29. Integrated UV fiber laser; 30. UV fiber laser adapter neck; 31. UV fiber laser beam expander; 32. Z-axis direction movement guide rail motor; 33. Oxygen concentration sensor; 34. X-axis direction movement guide rail motor; 35. Small hydraulic cylinder; 36. Ultrasonic transducer; 37. Horn; 38. Ultrasonic micro forging head; 39. Ultrasonic generator. Detailed implementation manners

[0053] In order to make the objectives and technical solutions of the present utility model clearer and easier to understand, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model.

[0054] Referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro forging of the present utility model includes a base 1. The base is rectangular and has a large enough area to accommodate the column 2 and the sealed cabin 8. A sealed cabin 8 is provided on the base 1, and the sealed cabin 8 is fixed around by a sealed cabin fixture 4. A cabin pressure detection sensor 6 and an oxygen concentration sensor 33 are provided inside the sealed cabin 8, and an inflation switch 3 and an exhaust switch 5 are provided on the outer wall of the cabin.

[0055] On the base 1 inside the sealed chamber 8, there is a Y-axis direction movement guide rail 11. The Y-axis direction movement guide rail 11 is connected to the X-axis direction movement guide rail 12 through the Y-axis direction movement guide rail slider 10, enabling the X-axis direction movement guide rail 12 to slide along the Y-axis direction movement guide rail 11. The power is provided by the Y-axis direction movement guide rail motor 7 and transmitted by the transmission worm 9. The Z-axis direction movement guide rail 23 is connected to the X-axis direction movement guide rail 12 through the X-axis direction movement guide rail slider 24. The rotating disk 22 is connected to the Z-axis direction movement guide rail 23 through the Z-axis direction movement guide rail slider 17, enabling the rotating disk 22 to slide along the Z-axis direction movement guide rail 23. The L-shaped flat plate 19 is connected to the rotating disk 22 through the screw 21, enabling the L-shaped flat plate 19 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise around the Y-axis direction movement guide rail 11. There is a working panel 20 on the L-shaped flat plate 19, and a workpiece fixture 18 on the working panel 20. The workpiece fixture 18 is an adjustable fixture, and its maximum working size should be larger than the maximum size of the workpiece. The workpiece is horizontally placed on the working panel 20 and clamped by the workpiece fixture 18. The movement speed of the three-axis movement guide rail can reach 200 mm / s, the working accuracy is ±0.02 mm, the vertical load can reach 30 kg, and the perpendicular load can reach 20 kg. There are columns 2 on both sides of the base 1. On the left special-shaped flat plate of the column 2, an infrared laser optical path is erected. The optical path direction is perpendicular to the column 2 and parallel to the base 1. In the optical path, an infrared fiber laser 28, an infrared fiber laser collimator 27, an infrared fiber laser beam expander 26, an infrared fiber laser adapter neck 25, an infrared fiber laser galvanometer 14, and an infrared fiber laser field lens 16 are installed in sequence. Among them, the power of the infrared fiber laser 28 is 100 watts, and it can use two modes: continuous and pulsed. The pulsed laser adopts the MOPA mode, and the pulse width and frequency are adjustable, and the output light spot is 6 mm. The infrared fiber laser beam expander 26 is an adjustable magnification beam expander, and the magnification is adjustable between 1 and 1.3 times. The infrared fiber laser galvanometer 14 is connected into the optical path through the infrared laser adapter neck 25, and an infrared fiber laser field lens 16 is installed below the infrared fiber laser adapter neck 25. Among them, the light spot size acceptable by the lens of the infrared fiber laser galvanometer 14 is between 6 and 10 mm, and it is connected to the control card through two rotating motors and controlled by a computer. The working area size of the infrared fiber laser field lens 16 is 110 mm × 110 mm, the focal length is 160 mm, and the infrared fiber laser galvanometer 14 rotates counterclockwise by 30° to 45° and is connected into the optical path.

[0056] On the right-shaped flat plate of the vertical column 2 of the base 1, an ultraviolet laser optical path is installed. The optical path direction is perpendicular to the vertical column 2 and parallel to the base 1. In the optical path, an integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29, an ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck 30, an ultraviolet fiber laser beam expander 31, an ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer 13, and an ultraviolet fiber laser field lens 15 are installed in sequence. Among them, the ultraviolet fiber laser beam expander 31 is installed inside the ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck 30 to ensure concentricity. The ultraviolet fiber laser beam expander 31 is a fixed-magnification beam expander with a magnification of 6 times. The power of the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29 is 20 watts, and the output spot is 1.5 mm. An ultraviolet fiber laser field lens 15 is installed below the ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer 13. The size of the spot that the lens of the ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer 13 can receive is 6 - 10 mm. It is connected to the control card through two rotating motors and is controlled by a computer. The working area size of the ultraviolet fiber laser field lens 15 is 150 mm × 150 mm, and the focal length is 170 mm. The ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer 13 is parallel to the plane where the base 1 is located. The infrared fiber laser optical path and the ultraviolet fiber laser optical path are installed into the cabin through the slots provided on the wall of the sealed cabin 8 and are sealed. The scanning ranges of the ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer 13 and the infrared fiber laser galvanometer 14 should completely cover the area of the working panel 20.

[0057] The structural diagram of the ultrasonic micro-forging device without the cabin is specifically referred to Figure 5 , among which, inside the ultrasonic micro-forging device cabin, a small hydraulic cylinder 35 is installed in sequence from the top of the cabin to the bottom of the cabin and is connected to the upper part of the ultrasonic transducer 36 through a pipeline. The ultrasonic horn is connected to the lower part of the ultrasonic transducer. At the same time, a horn is connected to the lower part of the ultrasonic horn. After the ultrasonic micro-forging head 38 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 36, the ultrasonic transducer 36 is connected to the horn 37. The structures of the ultrasonic transducer 36 and the horn 37 are two-section stepped shafts. The horn 37 and the ultrasonic transducer 36 and the ultrasonic micro-forging head 38 extend out of the device cabin body. The ultrasonic micro-forging head 38 is connected to the tool head through a threaded rod. There is an arc-shaped groove inside the ultrasonic micro-forging head 38, and a plurality of small balls are evenly arranged inside it. The small balls surround the large ball and are limited in the arc-shaped groove through a sealing ring. The movement freedom of the balls is relatively high, and the contact surface with the workpiece is relatively small. Therefore, the ultrasonic vibration energy and the forging pressure can be better concentrated in the workpiece.

[0058] Taking the upper surface of a triangular prism workpiece made of a rhombic metal component material with dimensions of 20 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm as an example, a polishing and surface strengthening method that combines composite laser processing and ultrasonic micro-forging functions for metal component surface polishing and strengthening includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Open the hatch of the sealed chamber, clamp the workpiece with the workpiece fixture 18 to ensure that the workpiece does not slide relative to the working panel 20 during the movement of the three-axis motion guide rail and the rotating disk 22;

[0060] Step 2: Adjust the angle of the galvanometer of the infrared fiber laser 14 so that the processing area of the infrared fiber laser 28 coincides with the processing area of the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29 and is ensured to be within the upper surface range of the workpiece;

[0061] Step 3: Adjust the positions of the slider 10 of the Y-axis motion guide rail, the slider 24 of the X-axis motion guide rail, and the slider 17 of the Z-axis motion guide rail, adjust the defocus amount and observe the light spot so that the upper surface of the workpiece is located at the focal plane of the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29.

[0062] Step 4: Close the hatch of the sealed chamber 8, and open the inflation switch 3 to fill the sealed chamber 8 with protective gas;

[0063] Step 5: When the value displayed by the oxygen concentration sensor 33 drops to the specified range, close the inflation switch 3 and at the same time close the exhaust switch 5 to keep the protective gas atmosphere inside the chamber;

[0064] Step 6: Adopt the pulse mode of the infrared fiber laser 28, set parameters such as its output power, laser scanning speed, pulse width, frequency, etc. to perform laser rough polishing on the upper surface of the workpiece to remove substances such as the oxide layer on the workpiece surface that are likely to affect the surface quality after polishing;

[0065] Step 7: Switch the infrared fiber laser 28 from the pulse mode back to the continuous mode, set the scanning speeds of the two lasers according to the relationship between the infrared laser and the ultraviolet laser scanning speeds, and at the same time set parameters such as the output power and average energy density of the infrared fiber laser 28 and the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser 29. First, turn on the infrared fiber laser 28, and within a certain time range, this range is not greater than 1 ms, and then turn on the integrated ultraviolet laser 29.

[0066] Step 8: Adjust the positions of the slider 10 of the Y-axis motion guide rail and the slider 24 of the X-axis motion guide rail, and process different areas of the workpiece surface according to Step 7;

[0067] Step 9: Adjust the angle of the rotating disk 22 and the position of the slider 17 of the Z-axis motion guide rail, and process the inclined surface areas on both sides of the upper surface of the workpiece according to Steps 7 and 8;

[0068] Step 10: Open the exhaust switch 5 to discharge the protective gas inside the chamber;

[0069] Step 11. When the value of the oxygen concentration sensor 33 returns to a certain range, adjust the positions of the slider of the Y-axis moving guide rail 10, the slider of the X-axis moving guide rail 24, and the slider of the Z-axis moving guide rail 17 so that the working plane where the workpiece to be processed is located is close to the ultrasonic micro forging head;

[0070] Step 12. Adjust the slider of the Y-axis moving guide rail 10 and the slider of the Z-axis moving guide rail 17 on the other side of the sealed chamber 8 so that the position of the ultrasonic micro forging head 38 can be in good contact with the workpiece surface and is located in the area where micro forging strengthening is required;

[0071] Step 13. Set the working parameters related to the ultrasonic micro forging working frequency, output power, amplitude, wavelength, and magnification;

[0072] Step 14. Start the ultrasonic generator 39 and perform micro forging strengthening treatment on the workpiece surface through the ultrasonic micro forging head 38. During this process, the energy of the ultrasonic wave will be transmitted through the workpiece surface;

[0073] Step 15. According to the need, comprehensively adjust the relative position of the ultrasonic micro forging head 38 and the workpiece to be processed by adjusting the slider of the Y-axis moving guide rail 10, the slider of the Z-axis moving guide rail 17, and the slider of the X-axis moving guide rail 24 on the other side of the sealed chamber 8, and perform continuous micro forging treatment on different regions of the workpiece to ensure uniform stress and strengthening on the entire workpiece surface;

[0074] Step 16. After the ultrasonic micro forging treatment is completed, turn off the ultrasonic generator 39 and wait for the workpiece to cool to room temperature;

[0075] Step 17. Level the rotating disk 22 and set the positions of the slider of the three-axis moving guide rail to zero, and at the same time set the positions of the slider of the double-axis moving guide rail on the other side of the sealed chamber 8 to zero;

[0076] Step 18. Open the workpiece fixture 18 and take out the workpiece that has been strengthened by ultrasonic micro forging, and check the surface quality and strengthening effect.

[0077] In Step 7, the output power of the infrared fiber laser 28 is less than the output power of the infrared fiber laser 28 in Step 6. On the basis of rough polishing to remove surface impurities, finer polishing is performed to avoid damaging the workpiece.

[0078] In Step 5, the value of the oxygen concentration sensor 33 should be reduced to below 100 ppm to avoid oxidation under the thermal effect of the laser.

[0079] In Step 11, the value of the oxygen concentration sensor 33 should return to above 9000 ppm.

[0080] Such as Figure 6 、 Figure 7As shown in the figure, by comparing the surface roughness of the metal component before and after being processed by the device and method of the present utility model, it can be seen that the device and method of the present utility model improve the surface quality after polishing, making the surface more delicate and uniform.

[0081] The present utility model adopts a composite laser polishing device and method based on ultrasonic micro-forging. First, compared with the traditional single laser beam processing and polishing system, the present utility model can significantly improve the surface quality of the metal component after polishing, avoiding the large energy loss and reflection generated by the infrared laser of about 1064nm alone, which may lead to the damage of the laser, the reduction of the surface polishing processing efficiency, and the increase of the polishing cost. At the same time, it can also inhibit the molten pool fluctuation and impurity precipitation during the ultraviolet laser processing alone. Through the synergistic effect of the ultraviolet and infrared lasers, the absorption rate of the metal component to the infrared laser is increased, and the surface is reconfigured for the second time at an appropriate laser power, thereby improving the surface quality after polishing. Secondly, combined with the continuous laser robustness and the controllable moving three-axis processing platform, the surface polishing processing of workpieces with a certain curvature can be completed. And by adjusting the processing parameters of the relevant infrared laser and ultraviolet laser and the movement parameters of the substrate platform, synchronous and large-area processing can be realized, improving the adaptability of the workpiece processing material. The ultrasonic micro-forging treatment of the composite laser polishing is applied to the surface of the metal component after laser polishing, further improving the surface quality and performance of the material. The ultrasonic micro-forging treatment generates local vibration acting on the material surface through the propagation of ultrasonic waves, eliminating or reducing defects such as ablation and molten contamination that may occur during the laser polishing process, making the surface more delicate and uniform; it can also realize the regulation of the residual stress after the laser polishing of the metal component, reducing the deformation and cracking tendency of large and complex metal components; at the same time, it can also realize the further treatment of the surface microstructure, improving the lattice structure of the material surface after laser polishing, increasing the hardness and wear resistance, and realizing the adjustment and optimization of the surface morphology of the material. The three-axis processing platform and the two-axis micro-forging head device have high flexibility, and can flexibly and comprehensively adjust the relative position of the ultrasonic micro-forging tool head and the processed workpiece, and perform continuous micro-forging treatment on different regions of the workpiece, so as to ensure uniform stress and strengthening on the entire workpiece surface; the spherical structure of the ball-type micro-forging head can better adapt to the shape of the processed curved surface, with more uniform force transmission and vibration effect, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the processing, and at the same time, it can also realize a more uniform vibration distribution during the processing. Since the head with a spherical shape has a relatively uniform curvature, this helps to reduce the possibility of local stress concentration and maintain the uniformity and consistency of the processed surface. In addition, if the two-dimensional galvanometer in the present utility model is upgraded and replaced with a three-dimensional galvanometer, the processing depth of the workpiece surface can be further increased. If the polishing and micro-forging devices in the present utility model adopt a five-axis system, higher sensitivity can be achieved, thereby realizing the surface polishing of more complex curved surfaces such as engine turbine blades, worm gears, and large-curvature molds, further increasing the types of processed materials and the polishing efficiency, and broadening its market application.

[0082] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of the present utility model, and the protection scope of the present utility model cannot be limited thereby. Any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present utility model falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro forging, characterized in that, It includes a sealed chamber (8). On one side inside the sealed chamber (8), there are an X-axis direction movement guide rail (12), a Y-axis direction movement guide rail (11), and a Z-axis direction movement guide rail (23). An X-axis direction movement guide rail slider (24) driven by an X-axis direction movement guide rail motor (34) is mounted on the X-axis direction movement guide rail (12). A Y-axis direction movement guide rail slider (10) driven by a Y-axis direction movement guide rail motor (7) is mounted on the Y-axis direction movement guide rail (11). A Z-axis direction movement guide rail slider (17) driven by a Z-axis direction movement guide rail motor (32) is mounted on the Z-axis direction movement guide rail (23). The X-axis direction movement guide rail (12) is mounted on the Y-axis direction movement guide rail slider (10). The Z-axis direction movement guide rail (23) is mounted on the X-axis direction movement guide rail slider (24). A rotating disk (22) is provided on the Z-axis direction movement guide rail (23). A replaceable work panel (20), an inflation switch (3), and an exhaust switch (5) are installed on the rotating disk (22). A workpiece fixture (18) is installed on the work panel (20). On the other side inside the sealed chamber (8), there is a Y-axis direction movement guide rail (11). A Y-axis direction movement guide rail slider (10) driven by a Y-axis direction movement guide rail motor (7) is mounted on the Y-axis direction movement guide rail (11). The Z-axis direction movement guide rail (23) is mounted on the Y-axis direction movement guide rail slider (10). An ultrasonic micro-forging device chamber is provided on the Z-axis direction movement guide rail (23). Inside the ultrasonic micro-forging device chamber, in sequence from the top of the chamber to the bottom, there are a small hydraulic cylinder (35), an ultrasonic transducer (36), a horn amplitude transformer (37) of the ultrasonic horn, and an ultrasonic micro-forging head (38). Outside the sealed chamber (8), there is an independent ultrasonic generator (39), which is connected to the ultrasonic transducer (36) inside the sealed chamber for converting an electrical signal into an acoustic signal through an electrical connection. A chamber pressure detection sensor (6) and an oxygen concentration sensor (33) are installed inside the sealed chamber (8). Two columns (2) are installed outside the sealed chamber (8). An irregular flat plate is installed on each column (2). An infrared fiber laser (28), an infrared fiber laser collimator (27), an infrared fiber laser beam expander (26), an infrared fiber laser adapter neck (25), an infrared fiber laser galvanometer (14), and an infrared fiber laser field lens (16) are installed on the left irregular flat plate. An integrated ultraviolet fiber laser (29), an ultraviolet fiber laser beam expander (31), an ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck (30), an ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer (13), and an ultraviolet fiber laser field lens (15) are installed on the right irregular flat plate.

2. The composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro forging according to claim 1, wherein The sealed chamber (8) is an argon-sealed chamber. The base (1) is fixedly connected to the sealed chamber (8) by bolts. The sealed chamber (8) is fixed all around by a sealed chamber fixture (4). The sealed chamber fixture (4) is fixedly connected to the base (1) by bolts. The ultrasonic generator (39) is arranged on the control panel outside the sealed chamber (8) and is fixed on both sides by the sealed chamber fixture (4).

3. The composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro-forging according to claim 1, wherein, The Y-axis direction moving guide rail (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the sealed cabin by bolts, and the Y-axis direction moving guide rail slider (10) is fixedly connected to the X-axis direction moving guide rail (12) by bolts; the X-axis direction moving guide rail slider (24) is fixedly connected to the Z-axis direction moving guide rail (23) by bolts, and the Z-axis direction moving guide rail slider (24) is fixedly connected to the rotating disk (22) by bolts.

4. The composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro-forging according to claim 1, wherein The L-shaped flat plate (19) is fixedly connected to the rotating disk (22) by a screw rod (21), the working panel (20) is fixedly connected to the L-shaped flat plate (19) by bolts, and the adjustable workpiece fixture (18) is fixedly connected to the working panel (20) by bolts.

5. A composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro forging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The column (2) is fixedly connected to the base (1), the L-shaped flat plate (19) is connected to the column (2) by bolts, the infrared fiber laser (28), the infrared fiber laser collimator (27), and the infrared fiber laser beam expander (26) are fixedly connected to the special-shaped flat plate by latches, one end of the infrared fiber laser adapter neck (25) is fixedly connected to the end of the special-shaped flat plate, and the infrared fiber laser galvanometer (14) is fixedly connected to the other end of the infrared fiber laser adapter neck (25) by bolts.

6. The composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro-forging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated ultraviolet fiber laser (29) is connected to the special-shaped flat plate by bolts, the ultraviolet fiber laser beam expander (31) is connected to the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser (29) by threads, one end of the ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck (30) is connected to the integrated ultraviolet fiber laser (29) by bolts, and the ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer (13) is fixedly connected to the other end of the ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck (30) by bolts.

7. A composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro forging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated ultraviolet fiber laser beam expander (31) is installed inside the ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck (30) and the concentricity is ensured; the ultraviolet fiber laser galvanometer (13) is connected to the ultraviolet fiber laser field lens (15) by threads through an adapter ring.

8. A composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro forging according to claim 1, characterized in that, Parts of the infrared fiber laser adapter neck (25) and the ultraviolet fiber laser adapter neck (30) are installed inside the sealed cabin (8) and are sealed with the wall of the sealed cabin (8) by sealant.

9. The composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro-forging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabin pressure detection sensor (6) is adhesively bonded to the side wall of the sealed cabin (8), and the oxygen concentration sensor (33) is adhesively bonded to the top of the sealed cabin (8).

10. The composite laser polishing device based on ultrasonic micro forging according to claim 1, characterized in that, Inside the ultrasonic micro-forging device cabin, the small hydraulic cylinder (35) is connected above the ultrasonic transducer (36) through a pipeline, the ultrasonic horn is connected below the ultrasonic transducer (36), and at the same time, the amplitude transformer (37) is connected below the ultrasonic horn. The ultrasonic micro-forging head (38) is inserted into the tool head, and the tool head is connected to the amplitude transformer (37). The amplitude transformer (37), the tool head and the ultrasonic micro-forging head (38) extend out of the ultrasonic micro-forging device cabin; the ultrasonic micro-forging head (38) adopts a ball-type ultrasonic micro-forging head.

Images