Tappet, valve timing mechanism and engine

Abstract

The utility model provides a tappet, a valve mechanism and an engine, the tappet is provided with a lubricating oil hole, and the lubricating oil hole is provided with a first oil guide port and a second oil guide port; the tappet is provided with an inner cavity communicated with the outside from top to bottom, the first oil guide port can guide lubricating oil in the lubricating oil hole to the inner cavity of the tappet, and the second oil guide port can guide the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil hole to the contact face, matched with the guide hole of the cylinder body, of the tappet. By the adoption of the scheme, the problems that in the using process of an engine, the relative sliding speed between the tappet and the guide hole of the cylinder body is very high, heat is generated through friction during long-time work, the tappet and the guide hole of the cylinder body are rapidly abraded, the service life is further shortened, meanwhile, resistance is increased through friction, the tappet does not move smoothly, and the service life of the tappet is affected can be solved. And clamping stagnation or non-uniform movement can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engines, in particular to a tappet, a valve train and an engine. Background Art

[0002] The existing motorcycle engines are mainly tappet valve train engines, which adopt an overhead valve and an underhead camshaft valve train. This valve train uses a camshaft to open and close the intake and exhaust valves through intake / exhaust tappets, intake / exhaust push rods and intake / exhaust lower rocker arms. Specifically, the camshaft drives the cams thereon to rotate, and the cams cooperate with the corresponding intake / exhaust tappets to drive the intake / exhaust push rods to reciprocate, thereby driving the intake / exhaust lower rocker arms to reciprocate and realizing intake or exhaust.

[0003] In the prior art, the tappet is usually directly inserted into the corresponding guide hole in the cylinder block, and the outer diameter of the tappet and the size of the guide hole are matched to ensure that the installed tappet can move smoothly. However, during the use of the engine, the relative sliding speed between the tappet and the cylinder block guide hole is very high, and heat is generated by friction during long-term operation, resulting in rapid wear between the tappet and the cylinder block guide hole, thereby shortening the service life. At the same time, the friction increases the resistance, making the movement of the tappet not smooth, resulting in jamming or uneven movement. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model provides a tappet, a valve train and an engine to solve the technical problems in the related art that during the use of the engine, the relative sliding speed between the tappet and the cylinder block guide hole is very high, heat is generated by friction during long-term operation, resulting in rapid wear between the tappet and the cylinder block guide hole, thereby shortening the service life, and at the same time, the friction increases the resistance, making the movement of the tappet not smooth, resulting in jamming or uneven movement.

[0005] The utility model provides a tappet with a lubricating oil hole, and the lubricating oil hole has a first oil guiding port and a second oil guiding port; an inner cavity communicating with the outside is opened in the tappet from top to bottom, the first oil guiding port can guide the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil hole to the inner cavity of the tappet, and the second oil guiding port can guide the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil hole to the contact surface where the tappet is matched with the guide hole of the cylinder block.

[0006] Furthermore, at least one annular oil groove is opened on the outer wall of the tappet, and the lubricating oil hole is arranged in the annular oil groove.

[0007] Furthermore, the second oil guiding port of the lubricating oil hole is located on the side where the tappet is matched with the guide hole of the cylinder block.

[0008] Further, the lubricating oil hole is a horizontally penetrating horizontal lubricating oil hole provided in the annular oil groove.

[0009] Further, a plurality of the lubricating oil holes are provided and are distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular oil groove.

[0010] The present utility model also provides a gas distribution mechanism, which includes the above tappet, and further includes a camshaft, a cam mounted on the camshaft, and a valve stem that reciprocates by being driven by the cam. A valve is fixed on the valve stem. The cam abuts against the tappet and is used to drive the tappet to reciprocate. It also includes a rocker arm that is hinged in the middle. One end of the rocker arm is used to contact the valve stem, and a push rod is provided between the other end and the tappet.

[0011] Further, the gas distribution mechanism also includes a buffer member provided at the connection end of the rocker arm and the push rod. The buffer member includes a buffer column. One end of the buffer column is elastically connected to the rocker arm, and the other end abuts against the push rod.

[0012] Further, the rocker arm is provided with a connection portion for connecting with the push rod. Ball heads are fixed at both ends of the push rod. Ball grooves for installing the ball heads are provided on both the connection portion and the tappet. Among them, a through groove for the buffer column to abut against the push rod is provided in the ball groove on the connection portion.

[0013] Further, the through groove is also communicated with an installation groove. A fixing block is provided in the installation groove. The fixing block and the buffer column are elastically connected by a spring.

[0014] The present utility model also provides an engine, which includes the above gas distribution mechanism.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] For the tappet of the present utility model, by providing lubricating oil holes on the side surface of the tappet, full lubrication inside and outside the tappet is achieved during work, and the tappet can smoothly move in the cylinder, reducing the occurrence of jamming or uneven movement, effectively reducing the friction generated during movement, thereby reducing wear and improving the service life.

[0017] For the gas distribution mechanism of the present utility model, by providing a buffer member, under the action of the buffer column, the push rod and the rocker arm are always kept in an accurate connection state, avoiding wear between the ball head on the push rod and the ball groove on the rocker arm and reducing the change of the swing trajectory at this end of the rocker arm, thereby causing a change in the movement accuracy of the driven valve stem and affecting the valve movement. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the tappet and the camshaft in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic front view of the cooperation between a tappet and a camshaft according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic structural view of a valve train according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic structural view of the cooperation between a tappet and a cylinder block in a valve train according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic structural view of a buffer member in a valve train according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 6 is Figure 5 partial enlarged schematic view in

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the drawings:

[0025] 1, tappet; 11, lubricating oil hole; 12, annular oil groove; 13, inner cavity; 14, side surface;

[0026] 2, camshaft; 21, cam; 211, penetrating oil hole;

[0027] 3, push rod; 31, ball head;

[0028] 4, rocker arm; 41, rocker arm body; 42, support arm; 43, connecting portion; 431, ball groove; 432, through groove; 433, mounting groove;

[0029] 5, valve stem; 6, valve; 7, bracket;

[0030] 8, cylinder block; 81, first cylinder block; 82, second cylinder block; 83, guide hole; 84, contact surface;

[0031] 9, buffer member; 91, buffer column; 911, mounting portion; 92, fixing block; 921, through hole; 93, spring;

[0032] 10, adjusting member; 101, adjusting rod; 102, adjusting nut.

[0033] The realization, functional features and advantages of the purpose of the present utility model will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the structures, ratios, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they do not have substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the efficacy that the present invention can produce and the purpose that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope that can be covered by the technical content disclosed in the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of clear narration and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationships, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope that the present invention can implement.

[0036] As Figure 1-2 and Figure 4 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tappet, including a tappet 1 provided with a lubricating oil hole 11, and the lubricating oil hole 11 has a first oil guiding port and a second oil guiding port; a cavity 13 communicating with the outside is opened in the tappet 1 from top to bottom. The first oil guiding port can guide the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil hole 11 to the cavity 13 of the tappet, and the second oil guiding port can guide the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil hole 11 to the contact surface 84 where the tappet 1 cooperates with the guiding hole 83 of the cylinder block 8. By providing the lubricating oil hole 11, the tappet 1 can be fully lubricated inside and outside during operation, and the tappet 1 can smoothly move in the cylinder block 8, reducing the occurrence of jamming or uneven movement, effectively reducing the friction generated during movement, thereby reducing wear and improving the service life.

[0037] Based on the above solution, as Figure 1-2 and Figure 4 shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, at least one annular oil groove 12 is opened on the outer wall of the tappet 1. The annular oil groove 12 is located on the tappet 1, and the lubricating oil hole 11 is arranged in the annular oil groove 12. The annular oil groove 12 can store lubricating oil, so that on the one hand, the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil hole 11 can be guided to the cavity 13 of the tappet through the first oil guiding port for full lubrication, and on the other hand, the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil hole 11 can also be guided to the contact surface 84 where the tappet 1 cooperates with the guiding hole 83 of the cylinder block 8 through the second oil guiding port, so that the tappet 1 can smoothly move in the cylinder block 8. Secondly, the lubricating oil in the annular oil groove 12 can be more evenly distributed on the contact surface 84 between the tappet 1 and the guiding hole 83 through the lubricating oil hole 11, ensuring that all positions can be fully lubricated.

[0038] Specifically, as Figure 1-2 and Figure 4As shown, in the embodiment of the present utility model, the second oil guiding port of the lubricating oil hole 11 is located on the side surface 14 where the tappet 1 cooperates with the guiding hole 83 of the cylinder block 8, and can more effectively enter the gap between the tappet 1 and the guiding hole 83 to form an oil film, thereby reducing friction and wear and ensuring smooth movement of the tappet 1 in the guiding hole 83.

[0039] Specifically, as Figure 1-2 and Figure 4 shown, in the embodiment of the present utility model, the lubricating oil hole 11 is a horizontally penetrating horizontal lubricating oil hole 11 provided in the annular oil groove 12. The horizontally penetrating horizontal lubricating oil hole 11 enables the lubricating oil to be evenly distributed throughout the annular oil groove 12, thereby forming a uniform oil film on the contact surface 84 between the tappet 1 and the guiding hole 83, ensuring that each contact point is fully lubricated. At the same time, the design of the horizontally penetrating horizontal lubricating oil hole 11 is relatively simple and easy to manufacture. Of course, in another embodiment, the lubricating oil hole 11 can also be inclined upward to collect the splashed lubricating oil.

[0040] Specifically, as Figure 1-2 shown, in the embodiment of the present utility model, a plurality of lubricating oil holes 11 are provided and distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular oil groove 12 to achieve multi-point supply of lubricating oil and ensure uniform distribution of the lubricating oil in the annular oil groove 12.

[0041] As Figure 3 shown, the embodiment of the present utility model also provides a valve train. The valve train includes the above-mentioned tappet 1, and further includes a camshaft 2, a cam 21 mounted on the camshaft 2, and a valve stem 5 that reciprocates by being driven by the cam 21. A valve 6 is fixed on the valve stem 5. The cam 21 abuts against the tappet 1 and is used to drive the tappet 1 to reciprocate. Among them, the camshaft 2 is rotatably mounted on the cylinder block 8 and is provided with a dedicated oil passage. The permeating oil hole 211 at the base circle of the cam 21 will provide lubricating oil to form a load-bearing lubricating oil film to reduce wear between the camshaft 2 and the tappet 1 and improve the running accuracy. The cylinder block 8 includes a first cylinder block 81 and a second cylinder block 82. The first cylinder block 81 and the second cylinder block 82 are connected by bolts to facilitate installation and disassembly. At the same time, the valve 6 is mounted on the cylinder head (not shown in the figure), and the cylinder head is provided at the top of the cylinder block 8.

[0042] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the cam 21 and the camshaft 2 are of an integral structure. It can be understood that in other embodiments, according to the needs of users, the cam 21 and the camshaft 2 can also be set as a split structure. During installation, the cam 21 is fixedly connected to the camshaft 2 by interference fit.

[0043] Specifically, as Figure 3As shown in the figure, the valve train further includes a rocker arm 4 hinged in the middle. One end of the rocker arm 4 is used to contact the valve stem 5, and a push rod 3 is provided between the other end and the tappet 1. A bracket 7 is detachably connected to the cylinder head, and the bracket 7 is connected to the cylinder head by bolts. The middle of the rocker arm 4 is hinged to the bracket 7. In the actual design process, usually one or more groups of valves 6 are provided, and each group of valves 6 includes two valves, which are respectively used for intake and exhaust. Therefore, at least two cams 21 are also provided. The number of cams 21 is even, and the number of cams 21 is the same as the number of valves 6 and they correspond one by one. In order to facilitate the two valves 6 in each group to meet the intake and exhaust requirements respectively, the convex parts of adjacent two cams 21 face different directions.

[0044] Based on the above solution, as Figure 5-6 shown, in the embodiment of the present utility model, the valve train further includes a buffer member 9 arranged at the connection end of the rocker arm 4 and the push rod 3. The buffer member 9 includes a buffer column 91. One end of the buffer column 91 is elastically connected to the rocker arm 4, and the other end abuts against the push rod 3, so that the push rod 3 and the rocker arm 4 always maintain an accurate connection state, that is, the tappet 1 drives the rocker arm 4 to reciprocate through the push rod 3, then the rocker arm 4 drives the valve stem 5 to reciprocate, and the valve 6 reciprocates accordingly to realize intake or exhaust, avoiding the change in the accuracy of driving the valve stem 5 due to wear between the push rod 3 and the rocker arm 4, which affects the movement of the valve 6.

[0045] Specifically, as Figure 6 shown, in the embodiment of the present utility model, the rocker arm 4 is provided with a connection portion 43 for connecting with the push rod 3. Ball heads 31 are fixed at both ends of the push rod 3. Ball grooves 431 for installing the ball heads 31 are opened on both the connection portion 43 and the tappet 1. A through groove 432 for the buffer column 91 to abut against the push rod 3 is opened in the ball groove 431 on the connection portion 43. Specifically, the rocker arm 4 includes a rocker arm body 41 and two support arms 42 fixed on the rocker arm body 41. The rocker arm body 41 is generally circular tubular, sleeved on the rocker arm shaft and can rotate around it. The two support arms 42 are respectively arranged at both ends of the rocker arm body 41 and extend towards both sides of the rocker arm body 41. One support arm 42 is fixedly connected to the connection portion 43 at the end far from the rocker arm body 41, and the ball groove 431 is arranged in the connection portion 43; the other support arm 42 is in transmission connection with the valve 6 at the end far from the rocker arm body 41. In the actual use process, when the push rod 3 moves upward driven by the tappet 1, the ball head 31 abuts in the ball groove 431 and pushes the ball groove 431 to move upward, thereby driving the rocker arm body 41 to rotate around the rocker arm shaft, and the other support arm 42 rotates downward driven by the rocker arm body 41, thereby controlling the opening of the valve 6.

[0046] Specifically, the tappet 1 is generally a circular tubular shape with one end closed. A ball groove 431 is provided on its inner bottom surface, that is, the surface of the closed end located inside the tube. During actual use, the ball head 31 abuts against the inner wall of the ball groove 431. The opening of the ball groove 431 is larger than the diameter of the ball head 31, so that the ball head 31 can swing within the ball groove 431. The ball heads 31 at both ends of the push rod 3 move relative to the ball grooves 431 on the tappet 1 and the rocker arm 4, but are restricted by the ball grooves 431 and will not separate from the tappet 1 and the rocker arm 4. At the same time, under the action of the buffer column 91, the separation of the tappet 1 from the ball groove 431 is further restricted. That is, when the tappet 1 moves up and down along the axis of the guide hole 83 driven by the cam 21, the push rod 3 moves up and down driven by the tappet 1, and the ball head 31 slides within the ball groove 431. Since the tappet 1 and the push rod 3 form a friction pair with spherical contact through the ball groove 431 and the ball head 31, the frictional resistance is small and interference or jamming between the tappet 1 and the push rod 3 will not occur.

[0047] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the ball heads 31 at both ends of the push rod 3 are fixedly arranged. In other embodiments, according to the needs of users, the ball heads 31 can also be arranged to be rotatably connected to the push rod 3, that is, a ball structure is formed to further reduce friction.

[0048] Specifically, as Figure 6 shown, in the embodiment of the present utility model, the through groove 432 is further communicated with an installation groove 433. A fixing block 92 is arranged in the installation groove 433. The fixing block 92 and the buffer column 91 are elastically connected by a spring 93. The middle part of the buffer column 91 has an installation part 911. The two ends of the spring 93 respectively abut against the fixing block 92 and the installation part 911. The installation groove 433 has a step. The fixing block 92 abuts against the step and has an interference fit with the installation groove 433. At the same time, the fixing block 92 is provided with a through hole 921 to prevent the fixing block 92 from being pushed out when the spring 93 is compressed. During actual use, the elastic force of the spring 93 will always push one end of the buffer column 91 to abut against the ball head 31 of the push rod 3, so that the ball head 31 can be adjusted to the initial position before wear, reducing the influence caused by the change of the swing trajectory of the rocker arm 4 after the ball groove 431 is worn. At the same time, in order to facilitate the buffer column 91 to still have a good contact with the end surface of the ball head 31 after swinging with the support arm 42, the abutting part of the buffer column 91 and the ball head 31 is arc-shaped.

[0049] Based on the above solution, as Figure 3As shown, in the embodiment of the present utility model, the valve train mechanism further includes an adjusting member 10 for adjusting the clearance of the valve stem 5. The adjusting member 10 is arranged at the contact end of the support arm 42 and the valve stem 5. Specifically, the adjusting member 10 includes an adjusting rod 101 threadedly connected to the support arm 42. One end of the adjusting rod 101 facing the valve stem 5 is provided with an abutting portion that abuts against the valve stem 5. The abutting portion is arc-shaped, and the protruding portion of the abutting portion faces the valve stem 5 direction. So that after the abutting portion swings with the support arm 42, the end face of the abutting portion still makes good contact with the valve stem 5 and pushes the valve stem 5 to move. One end of the adjusting rod 101 facing away from the valve stem 5 is threadedly connected with an adjusting nut 102.

[0050] When actually using the adjusting member 10 for adjustment, first rotate the adjusting nut 102 relative to the adjusting rod 101 so that the adjusting nut 102 moves away from the support arm 42 to avoid the adjusting nut 102 affecting the movement of the adjusting rod 101. Then rotate the adjusting rod 101 relative to the support arm 42 so that the adjusting rod 101 moves relative to the support arm 42, the distance between the abutting portion and the support arm 42 changes, and the distance between the abutting portion and the valve stem 5 also changes. When the distance between the abutting portion and the valve stem 5 meets the requirements, manually fix the adjusting rod 101, that is, make the adjusting rod 101 immovable, and then rotate the adjusting nut 102 so that the end face of the adjusting nut 102 abuts against the support arm 42 again. Through the design of the adjusting nut 102, it has a certain limiting effect on the adjusting rod 101.

[0051] The embodiment of the present utility model also provides an engine. The engine includes the above-mentioned valve train mechanism. Since this engine adopts all the technical solutions of the above embodiment, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiment, which will not be elaborated one by one here.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model and not to limit them. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present utility model can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present utility model, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A tappet, characterized in that, The tappet is provided with a lubricating oil hole which has a first oil guiding port and a second oil guiding port; the tappet is provided with an inner cavity communicating with the outside from top to bottom, the first oil guiding port can guide the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil hole to the inner cavity of the tappet, and the second oil guiding port can guide the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil hole to the contact surface where the tappet is matched with the guiding hole of the cylinder block.

2. The tappet according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one annular oil groove is formed on the outer wall of the tappet, and the lubricating oil hole is arranged in the annular oil groove.

3. A tappet according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second oil guiding port of the lubricating oil hole is located on the side surface where the tappet is matched with the guiding hole of the cylinder block.

4. A tappet according to claim 2, wherein The lubricating oil hole is a horizontally penetrating horizontal lubricating oil hole arranged in the annular oil groove.

5. A tappet according to claim 2, characterized in that, A plurality of the lubricating oil holes are provided and are distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular oil groove.

6. An air distribution mechanism, comprising a camshaft, cams mounted on the camshaft, and a valve stem that reciprocates by being driven by the cams. A valve is fixed on the valve stem. The cams abut against tappets and are used to drive the tappets to reciprocate slidably. The air distribution mechanism further comprises a rocker arm that is hinged in the middle. One end of the rocker arm is used to contact the valve stem, and a push rod is provided between the other end of the rocker arm and the tappet. It is characterized in that, It further includes a tappet as described in any one of claims 2-5.

7. The intake and exhaust valve mechanism according to claim 6, wherein The valve train further includes a buffer member arranged at the connection end of the rocker arm and the push rod. The buffer member includes a buffer column, one end of the buffer column is elastically connected to the rocker arm, and the other end abuts against the push rod.

8. A valve train according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rocker arm is provided with a connection portion for connecting with the push rod. Ball heads are fixed at both ends of the push rod. Ball grooves for installing the ball heads are formed on both the connection portion and the tappet. A through groove for the buffer column to abut against the push rod is formed in the ball groove on the connection portion.

9. The intake and exhaust mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that The through groove is further communicated with an installation groove, and a fixing block is arranged in the installation groove. The fixing block and the buffer column are elastically connected by a spring.

10. An engine, characterized in that, It includes a valve train as described in any one of claims 7-9.

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