Building prefabricated component system and fabricated building

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of assembly type building construction, and particularly discloses a building prefabricated part system and an assembly type building, the building prefabricated part system comprises a prefabricated column, a prefabricated beam plate and a prefabricated floor, the prefabricated column comprises a prefabricated column head and a prefabricated column tail used for being installed on a building foundation, a pouring sleeve is embedded in the tail portion of the prefabricated column, the prefabricated beam plate is connected to the head portion of the prefabricated column, the prefabricated beam plate is installed in a space defined by the prefabricated column and the prefabricated beam plate, and according to the building prefabricated part system, the structure of the prefabricated column and the structure of the prefabricated floor slab are optimized, so that the prefabricated manufacturing efficiency is improved; and meanwhile, structural form optimization is conducted on the connecting parts of the prefabricated parts, so that in the mutual connecting process of the prefabricated parts and the connecting process of the prefabricated parts and the cast-in-place structure, the connecting firmness can be improved, it is guaranteed that the connecting parts are safe and reliable, an overall and complete fabricated building overall structure is formed, and construction safety and later use safety are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of prefabricated factory building construction, in particular to a building precast component system and a prefabricated building. Background Art

[0002] In a prefabricated building, the traditional on-site casting, construction and building operation mode is transferred to a prefabrication factory. A large number of components in the building structure are mass-produced in a production line in the prefabrication factory, and then the building construction is completed through on-site splicing, thus greatly reducing the on-site construction operation content.

[0003] This operation mode of transferring on-site work to the factory and then transporting it to the building construction site for assembly has multiple advantages, including advantages in aspects such as energy conservation and environmental protection, construction period shortening, formwork saving, labor-saving construction and reduction of construction safety accidents. For example, in terms of energy conservation and environmental protection, it can save 60% of construction water, 20% of materials and reduce 80% of construction waste. In terms of construction period shortening, since each precast component of the building can be manufactured synchronously, the problem that only sequential construction can be carried out during on-site construction is avoided, time waste is overcome, and the construction period is greatly shortened. Moreover, a large number of wall panels and precast floor slabs are produced in the factory, reducing the on-site construction intensity and even eliminating the masonry and plastering processes, thereby further shortening the overall construction period. In terms of formwork saving, it can reduce the erection of about 70% of scaffolding and supports, and precast components no longer require formwork erection for casting, saving a large amount of formwork and also eliminating the need for on-site erection.

[0004] A prefabricated building is prefabricated in a factory and then assembled and installed on-site through various connection methods to form a complete overall building structure. However, in the construction process of a prefabricated building structure, there are the following problems:

[0005] Firstly, during the prefabrication process of the existing prefabricated structure, due to the unreasonable disassembly of each component structure, problems such as low prefabrication efficiency, inconvenient connection during assembly and installation, and insecure connection exist.

[0006] Secondly, during the construction process of a prefabricated building, there is a large amount of hoisting operation content. The existing hoisting construction operation has problems such as unreasonable hoisting point selection and unsafe hoisting with lifting tools.

[0007] Thirdly, during the installation and assembly of a prefabricated building, there are problems with unreasonable connection parts and connection methods, resulting in weak connection parts, reduced seismic performance and overall performance of the building structure, affecting construction quality and causing potential safety hazards in use.

[0008] The form of the prefabricated building structure and how the prefabricated building components are connected not only directly affect the quality of the prefabricated building, but also play an important role in ensuring on-site safe construction and improving construction efficiency. Moreover, the structural form of the prefabricated components of the prefabricated building will also affect the installation and construction process of the prefabricated building structure. Therefore, in the process of designing the prefabricated building structure, in order to ensure the efficient, safe installation and construction process and the building quality of the prefabricated building structure, what structural form of the prefabricated building structure to adopt is an issue that needs to be considered key in the construction process of the prefabricated building. Summary of the Invention

[0009] One of the invention purposes of the present utility model is at least to provide a building prefabricated component system and a prefabricated building for the problems existing in the construction process of the prefabricated building, such as low prefabrication efficiency due to unreasonable structural design of the assembled prefabricated components and weak connection parts affecting the quality and safety of the building structure. By designing the structures of the precast columns and precast floor slabs, the prefabrication efficiency is improved. At the same time, the structural form of the connection parts of the prefabricated components is optimized, so that the connection firmness can be improved during the installation and assembly of the prefabricated components, ensuring the safety and reliability of the connection parts, forming an integral and complete prefabricated building overall structure, and ensuring construction safety and later use safety.

[0010] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the present utility model include the following aspects.

[0011] A building prefabricated component system, which includes precast columns, precast beam plates and precast floor slabs. The precast column includes a precast column head and a precast column tail for installing on the building foundation. A casting sleeve is embedded in the precast column tail. The precast beam plate is connected to the precast column head. The precast beam plate is installed in the space formed by the enclosure of the precast column and the precast beam plate. Column reinforcement is embedded in the precast column. The column reinforcement at the end of the precast column head extends out of the outer side of the end and is inserted and connected into the casting sleeve of the precast column of the upper layer. Foundation reinforcement for connecting the precast column tail is arranged on the building foundation. The foundation reinforcement is inserted and connected into the casting sleeve of the precast column tail. A foundation in-situ casting section is formed between the precast column tail of the bottom-layer precast column and the building foundation. After the foundation in-situ casting section is cast with concrete, the fixed installation of the precast column is realized.

[0012] As the main load-bearing component of precast buildings, precast columns bear the main loads of the upper structure, which is related to the construction safety of the entire precast building structure and the safety of later operation and use. It is necessary to ensure that the precast column structure has good stability and integrity. The steel bars embedded in the precast column can ensure its structural strength. At the same time, casting sleeves are arranged at the tail of the precast column. The steel bars at the head of the precast column are inserted into the casting sleeves at the tail of the precast column on the upper layer and concrete is poured through the grouting holes arranged at the tail of the precast column to ensure the firm connection of the precast columns in the upper and lower layers; foundation steel bars are arranged on the building foundation, which can accurately sleeve the precast column onto the steel bars at the head of the precast column on the lower layer, playing a positioning role and solving the problem that the existing precast building structures are not convenient to connect during assembly and installation; a foundation in-situ casting section is formed between the tail of the bottom precast column and the building foundation, and the precast column is firmly connected by casting in-situ concrete.

[0013] Furthermore, a grouting hole is arranged on each casting sleeve, and all the grouting holes are concentrated on the adjacent two sides at the tail of the precast column, which is convenient for grouting into the casting sleeve and grouting into the first in-situ casting section through the casting sleeve.

[0014] The precast components of the upper layer are installed on the precast column at the bottom layer, including the precast column, precast floor slab and precast beam slab of the upper layer. The steel bars at the head of the precast column at the bottom layer are inserted into the casting sleeves at the tail of the precast column of the upper layer. The length of the steel bars extending out of the end of the head of the precast column is greater than the depth inserted into the casting sleeve, so that a first in-situ casting section is formed between the end of the head of the precast column at the bottom layer and the end of the tail of the precast column of the upper layer. The precast beam slab is installed on the head of the precast column, and the end of the precast beam slab is the first in-situ casting section. The two precast columns in the vertical direction are connected by casting the first in-situ casting section, and at the same time, the precast beam slab in the horizontal direction is connected to the precast column. The precast floor slab is hoisted and installed in the space enclosed by the precast column and the precast beam slab. A second in-situ casting section is formed between the precast floor slab and the precast beam slab. Grouting holes are also arranged on the outer side of the tail of the precast column, and the grouting holes communicate with the casting sleeves.

[0015] Preferably, during the installation process of the precast column, a fixing component is used for support. The fixing component includes a telescopic diagonal strut. A connecting piece is embedded in the middle of the precast column and near one end of the head of the precast column. One end of the diagonal strut is hinged to the connecting piece, and the other end is fixed on the building foundation or the second in-situ casting section. When supporting the precast column at the bottom layer, the diagonal strut is fixed on the building foundation. When supporting the precast columns of the second layer and above, the diagonal strut is fixed on the second in-situ casting section.

[0016] By embedding connecting pieces in the precast column and using a telescopic diagonal bracing rod to support the precast column, the length of the diagonal bracing rod is adjusted through the telescopic structure, thereby adjusting the verticality of the precast column to ensure that the axis of the precast column is in a vertical state when the diagonal bracing rod supports the precast column.

[0017] Furthermore, the connecting piece includes a fixing plate welded to the internal column reinforcement of the precast column, a connecting plate is vertically welded on the fixing plate, one end of the diagonal bracing rod is hinged to the connecting plate, and the other end is welded and fixed to the building foundation or the second cast-in-place column section through a steel bar section embedded in the building foundation or the second cast-in-place column section.

[0018] An exhaust hole is also provided on the precast column. The exhaust hole communicates the first cast-in-place column section with the air outside the precast column, facilitating the discharge of the air in the closed area when casting the first cast-in-place section in a closed space, ensuring the casting quality and improving the casting density.

[0019] Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the precast column is square. The casting sleeve is arranged around the end face of the tail of the precast column. A prismatic frustum-shaped casting hole is also provided in the middle part of the end face of the tail of the precast column. One end of the exhaust hole communicates with the outside of the precast column, and the other end communicates with the casting hole.

[0020] By providing a prismatic frustum-shaped casting hole at the end face of the precast tail and making the exhaust hole communicate with it, on the one hand, the connection integrity between the precast column and the cast-in-place column section is improved. On the other hand, it ensures sufficient grouting, so that during the grouting process of the first cast-in-place column section and the casting hole, the air bubbles inside are fully and completely discharged, improving the concrete casting quality.

[0021] Preferably, when installing the precast floor slab, casting sleeves for inserting and connecting the floor slab reinforcement at the ends of adjacent precast floor slabs are embedded in the precast floor slab. Floor slab exhaust holes are also provided at the embedded parts of the casting sleeves of the precast floor slab. One end of the casting sleeve is flush with the end of the precast floor slab, and the other end communicates with the floor slab exhaust hole. When splicing two adjacent precast floor slabs, the floor slab reinforcement at one end of the precast floor slab is inserted and installed in the casting sleeve of the adjacent precast floor slab, and both sides of the precast floor slab overlap on the precast beam slab, improving the overall splicing effect of the precast floor slab, ensuring firm connection, and improving the quality of the prefabricated building;

[0022] Furthermore, the length of the floor slab reinforcement at the end of the precast floor slab is greater than the depth inserted into the casting sleeve, so that a certain width of the space of the third cast-in-place section is formed between the ends of two adjacent precast floor slabs, and the two adjacent precast floor slabs are firmly connected by subsequent cast-in-place concrete.

[0023] Preferably, the floor slab steel bars include floor slab transverse bars arranged along the length direction of the precast floor slab and floor slab longitudinal bars arranged perpendicular to the floor slab transverse bars. The floor slab transverse bars include a first transverse bar and a second transverse bar arranged side by side. One end of the first transverse bar extends out of the end of the precast floor slab, and the other end is inserted and connected into the casting sleeve. One end of the second transverse bar is buried in the precast floor slab, and the other end extends out of the end of the precast floor slab where the casting sleeve is arranged. When two adjacent precast floor slabs are spliced, the first transverse bar of the second precast floor slab is inserted and connected into the casting sleeve of the first precast floor slab. When casting concrete, since the casting sleeve is embedded and fixed in the precast floor slab, the connection is more firm after the casting sleeve is filled with concrete, further improving the connection strength between two adjacent precast floor slabs, and forming a denser steel bar structure in the third cast-in-place section, improving the strength of the third cast-in-place section, ensuring the safety of the splicing of the precast floor slabs, and thus enhancing the bearing capacity of the precast floor slabs.

[0024] Furthermore, the floor slab steel bars further include a plurality of reinforcing rib bars arranged side by side. The precast floor slab includes a concrete layer. Each of the reinforcing rib bars is partially buried in the concrete layer. Each of the reinforcing rib bars includes a plurality of frame rib bars arranged side by side. Adjacent two frame rib bars are fixedly connected by a wavy first diagonal bar. Each frame rib bar includes a first horizontal bar and a second horizontal bar arranged in parallel. The first horizontal bar and the second horizontal bar are connected by a wavy second diagonal bar. All of the first horizontal bar and part of the second diagonal bar are buried in the concrete layer.

[0025] Furthermore, both ends of the longitudinal bars extend out of the two side surfaces of the precast floor slab, and both ends of the longitudinal bars are in a hook-shaped structure. The two sides of the precast floor slab are lapped on the precast beam slab, and the hook-shaped longitudinal bars are embedded in the cast-in-place concrete, which can improve the connection firmness and ensure the bearing capacity and strength of the precast floor slab.

[0026] Preferably, when hoisting the precast floor slab, four floor slab lifting points are arranged on the precast floor slab. The four floor slab lifting points are arranged on the reinforcing rib bars and are lifted by the suspension ropes of a rectangular frame lifting bracket connected to the floor slab lifting points. Arranging the lifting points on the reinforcing rib bars is convenient for setting the lifting points on the one hand and can ensure the hoisting safety on the other hand, solving the problem of unreasonable selection of lifting points in the existing construction operation process.

[0027] Preferably, when installing precast beams and slabs, the precast beams and slabs are pre-embedded with casting sleeves and beam and slab steel bars, the casting sleeves are pre-embedded near the ends of the precast beams, the beam and slab steel bars extend out of the end faces and side faces of the precast beams, the casting sleeves of the precast beams are used for the insertion and connection of the beam and slab steel bars on the outsides of the ends of adjacent precast beams, and beam and slab exhaust holes are also provided at the pre-embedded parts of the casting sleeves of the precast beams, one end of the casting sleeves is flush with the end of the precast beams, and the other end is connected to the beam and slab exhaust holes, when two adjacent precast beams are spliced, the beam and slab steel bars at one end of the precast beams are inserted and installed in the casting sleeves of the adjacent precast beams, and the two sides of the precast beams are spliced with the precast floor slabs to form a second cast-in-place section for pouring concrete for connection, and the beam and slab exhaust holes are used to discharge the air in the casting sleeves during the cast-in-place process.

[0028] In the process of making prefabricated beams and slabs, by pre-embedding casting sleeves in the prefabricated beams and slabs, and inserting and connecting the beam and slab steel bars of adjacent prefabricated beams and slabs into the casting sleeves for concrete pouring, the integrity of the splicing of the prefabricated beams and slabs can be improved, the connection can be firm, and the quality of the prefabricated building can be improved;

[0029] Furthermore, the length of the steel bars at the ends of the precast beams is greater than the depth of insertion into the casting sleeve, so that a cast-in-place section is formed between the ends of two adjacent precast beams. Normally, two adjacent precast beams are connected by precast columns, and the section between the ends of two adjacent precast beams is the first cast-in-place section. The connection between the two adjacent precast beams and the two adjacent precast columns is achieved through subsequent cast-in-place concrete.

[0030] Preferably, the beam and slab steel bars in the precast beam and slab include beam and slab transverse bars and beam and slab longitudinal bars, the beam and slab transverse bars are arranged along the length direction of the precast beam and the beam and slab longitudinal bars are arranged along the width direction of the precast beam and slab, and the beam and slab transverse bars include a first beam and slab transverse bar and a second beam and slab transverse bar arranged side by side, one end of the first beam and slab transverse bar extends out of the end portion of the precast beam and slab, and the other end is inserted and connected in the casting sleeve, one end of the second beam and slab transverse bar is buried in the precast beam and slab, and the other end extends out of the end portion of the precast beam and slab arranged with the casting sleeve. When two adjacent precast beam and slabs are spliced, the first beam and slab transverse bar of the second precast beam and slab is inserted and connected in the casting sleeve of the first precast beam and slab. When pouring concrete, since the casting sleeve is pre-buried and fixed in the precast beam and slab, the connection is more firm after the casting sleeve is filled with concrete, which further improves the connection strength of the two adjacent precast beam and slabs, ensures the safety of splicing the precast beam and slabs, and thus improves the bearing capacity of the precast beam and slabs.

[0031] Furthermore, when two adjacent precast beam-slab structures are spliced, after the first beam-slab transverse reinforcement of the second precast beam-slab structure passes through the column reinforcement of the precast column, it is inserted into and connected to the casting sleeve of the first precast beam-slab structure, such that the second beam-slab transverse reinforcement and the column reinforcement of the precast column are perpendicularly arranged and form an alternately spaced arrangement. By casting the first cast-in-place section, the precast beam-slab structure and the precast column form an integral structural form.

[0032] Correspondingly, the present utility model also provides an assembled building, which is assembled using the building precast component system as described above, and includes precast columns, precast beam-slab structures, and precast floor slabs. The precast columns are installed on a building foundation, and foundation reinforcement bars are anchored on the building foundation. The casting sleeves of the precast columns are sleeved and connected to the foundation reinforcement bars. The precast columns and the building foundation are connected by casting through the in-situ casting section between them, and precast components including the precast beam-slab structures and the precast floor slabs are spliced and installed on the precast columns to form an assembled building.

[0033] Anti-floating anchor rods are provided on the building foundation. The anti-floating anchor rods are installed in pre-drilled anchor holes. Multiple anchor bars are arranged in the anchor holes. The multiple anchor bars are fixedly connected to the periphery of a fixed pipe. Positioning stirrups are also connected to the multiple anchor bars. The multiple anchor bars and the positioning stirrups fixed to the fixed pipe are integrally arranged in the anchor holes and filled with concrete.

[0034] The top of the anti-floating anchor rod sequentially passes through a foundation cushion layer and a floor slab. The anchor bars at the top of the anti-floating anchor rod are bent into an L shape and embedded in the floor slab. A foundation transverse reinforcement bar is connected to the anchor bars bent into an L shape. The foundation reinforcement bar is fixedly connected to the foundation reinforcement bar. The foundation reinforcement bar is used to be inserted and connected to the casting sleeve embedded in the precast column. A waterproof structure is also provided at the top of the anti-floating anchor rod. The waterproof structure includes an expansion water-stop ring sleeved on the outside of the anti-floating anchor rod and a sealing paste layer coated on the expansion water-stop ring.

[0035] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the present utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. By using the building precast component system of the present solution, the main precast component parts in the building structure are disassembled, including precast columns, precast beam-slab structures, and precast floor slabs with separate structural forms, and then assembled and installed. Moreover, the connection and intersection parts are cast and connected by in-situ casting, making the structure of each part consistent, greatly improving the precast efficiency, facilitating connection, and enhancing the connection stability and integrity.

[0037] 2. The assembled building of the present solution is arranged on an anti-floating foundation, and anti-floating anchor rods are arranged on the anti-floating foundation, which can enable the assembled building to achieve an effective anti-floating effect. At the same time, the precast columns and the anti-floating foundation are connected into an integral structure, improving the structural stability and construction quality of the assembled building. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of using a fixing component to support an assembled building structure in the present utility model.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement structure of a precast column in the present utility model.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic elevation structure diagram of a precast column in the present utility model.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the connection part of two layers of precast columns in the present utility model.

[0042] Figure 5 It is Figure 3 a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in

[0043] Figure 6 It is Figure 2 a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in

[0044] Figure 7 It is Figure 2 a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in

[0045] Figure 8 This is a plan view of a precast floor slab in the present utility model.

[0046] Figure 9 It is Figure 8 a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line E-E in

[0047] Figure 10 It is Figure 8 a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line D-D in

[0048] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of the splicing of two adjacent precast floor slabs in the present utility model.

[0049] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement structure of a precast floor slab in the present utility model.

[0050] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement structure of another embodiment of a precast floor slab in the present utility model.

[0051] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement structure of yet another embodiment of a precast floor slab in the present utility model.

[0052] Figure 15 This is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of each component in the building precast component system of the present utility model.

[0053] Figure 16This is the plan view of the precast beam-slab in the present utility model.

[0054] Figure 17 It is Figure 16 the sectional view taken along F-F in

[0055] Figure 18 It is Figure 16 the sectional view taken along G-G in

[0056] Figure 19 This is the reinforcement structure schematic diagram of the precast beam-slab in the present utility model.

[0057] Figure 20 This is the structure schematic diagram of the anti-floating anchor rod in the present utility model.

[0058] Figure 21 It is Figure 20 the sectional view taken along H-H in

[0059] Identifications in the figure: 1 - precast column, 101 - head of precast column, 102 - tail of precast column, 103 - column reinforcement, 1031 - longitudinal column reinforcement, 1032 - circular column reinforcement, 104 - lifting lug of precast column, 105 - grouting hole, 106 - slurry outlet hole, 107 - exhaust hole, 108 - pouring hole, 109 - fixing part, 1091 - diagonal brace, 1092 - connecting piece, 1092a - fixing plate, 1092b - connecting plate, 1093 - steel bar section, 2 - precast beam-slab, 21 - beam-slab reinforcement, 211 - beam-slab transverse reinforcement, 2111 - first beam-slab transverse reinforcement, 2112 - second beam-slab transverse reinforcement, 212 - beam-slab longitudinal reinforcement, 22 - beam-slab surface layer skeleton, 221 - bottom reinforcement of skeleton, 222 - top reinforcement of skeleton, 223 - inclined reinforcement of skeleton, 201 - beam-slab exhaust hole, 202 - precast layer of beam-slab, 3 - precast floor slab, 31 - floor slab reinforcement, 301 - concrete layer, 302 - floor slab exhaust hole, 303 - upper panel, 311 - floor slab transverse reinforcement, 3111 - first transverse reinforcement, 3112 - second transverse reinforcement, 312 - floor slab longitudinal reinforcement, 313 - strengthening rib reinforcement, 314 - frame rib reinforcement, 3141 - first transverse rib, 3142 - second transverse rib, 315 - first inclined reinforcement, 316 - second inclined reinforcement, 317 - upper surface reinforcement, 4 - building foundation, 41 - anti-floating anchor rod, 401 - foundation reinforcement, 402 - anchor hole, 403 - anchor bar, 404 - fixing pipe, 405 - positioning stirrup, 406 - foundation cushion, 407 - expansion water stop ring, 408 - sealant layer, 409 - bottom plate, 410 - foundation transverse reinforcement, 5 - pouring sleeve, 6 - first cast-in-place section, 7 - second cast-in-place section, 8 - third cast-in-place section, 9 - floor slab lifting point, 10 - foundation cast-in-place section. Detailed implementation manners

[0060] The present utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present utility model will be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model. Embodiment

[0061] This embodiment shows a building precast component system, such as Figures 1 - 10 shown, including a precast column 1, precast beam and slab 2 and precast floor slab 3. By assembling the precast column 1, precast beam and slab 2 and precast floor slab 3 and combining with the casting of the in-situ casting section, an assembled building is formed.

[0062] As Figures 1 - 8 shown, the precast column 1 includes a precast column head 101 and a precast column tail 102 installed on the anti-floating foundation. When installing the precast column 1, the precast column head 101 is installed upward for connecting the precast column 1 of the upper layer, or simultaneously for connecting the precast column 1 of the upper layer and installing the precast beam and slab 2 of the upper layer, and installing the precast floor slab 3 of the upper layer. The precast column tail 102 is installed downward for installing on the building foundation 4 or for connecting to the precast column 1 of the lower layer. A column reinforcement 103 is embedded in the precast column 1. The column reinforcement 103 includes longitudinal column reinforcements 1031 arranged along the length direction of the precast column 1 and circular column reinforcements 1032 arranged at intervals along the length direction of the longitudinal column reinforcements 1031. The circular column reinforcements 1032 are arranged more densely near both ends of the precast column 1, with a spacing between 60 and 80 mm, and the spacing in the middle of the precast column is between 100 and 150 mm. The column reinforcement 103 of the precast column head 101 extends outside the end. The column reinforcement 103 of the precast column tail 102 is connected to a casting sleeve 5. The casting sleeve 5 is embedded in the precast column tail 102, and the end of the casting sleeve 5 is flush with the end of the precast column tail 102. The cross-sectional shape of the precast column 1 is square. A precast column lifting lug 104 is also provided on the precast column head 101. The precast column lifting lug 104 is approximately W-shaped, with the bent parts at both ends buried in the precast column head 101, and the bent part in the middle is located outside the precast column head, serving as the hanging part of the lifting tool during hoisting. A grouting hole 105 is provided on each casting sleeve 5, and all the grouting holes 105 are concentrated on the adjacent two sides of the precast column tail 102, as Figure 3As shown in the figure, it is convenient to grout into the casting sleeve 5 and grout into the first cast-in-place section 6 through the casting sleeve 5. In order to ensure that the casting sleeve 5 is fully grouted, an exhaust hole 107 is also provided on the precast column 1. The exhaust hole 107 is used to connect the first cast-in-place column section 6 with the air outside the precast column 1. When casting the first cast-in-place column section 6 and the casting sleeve 5, the air in the two casting parts is discharged to the outside to avoid generating bubbles and ensure the casting quality. As a preferred implementation manner, a slurry outlet hole 106 can also be provided on the tail 102 of the precast column. The distance between the slurry outlet hole 106 and the first cast-in-place column section 6 to be cast is greater than the distance between the grouting hole 105 and the first cast-in-place column section 6 to be cast. The slurry outlet hole 106 communicates with the internal space of the casting sleeve and leads to the outside of the precast column 1. The setting of the slurry outlet hole 106 facilitates grouting of the casting sleeve 5. When the concrete cast in the casting sleeve 5 and the first cast-in-place section 6 is full, it overflows through the grouting hole 106. The slurry outlet hole 106 can also be not provided. When the concrete cast in the casting sleeve 5 and the first cast-in-place section 6 is full, the exhaust hole 107 first discharges the gas in the internal space, and then the slurry overflows from the exhaust hole 107, indicating that the concrete in the casting sleeve 5 and the first cast-in-place section 6 is full.

[0063] As Figure 1 and Figure 5 shown in the figure, the casting sleeve 5 is arranged around the end face of the tail 102 of the precast column. A prismatic casting hole 108 is also opened in the middle part of the end face of the tail 102 of the precast column. One end of the exhaust hole 107 communicates with the outside of the precast column 1, and the other end communicates with the casting hole 108. The casting hole 108 can not only improve the connection integrity between the precast column 1 and the cast-in-place column section 6, but also achieve the effect of sufficient air overflow during the casting process of the first cast-in-place column section 6, thereby improving the concrete casting quality.

[0064] After the precast column 1 is hoisted in place and before the first cast-in-place column section 6 is poured, the precast column 1 is fixed first by using the fixing member 109. The fixing member 109 includes a telescopic diagonal brace 1091. A connecting member 1092 is embedded in the middle of the precast column 1 and near one end of the precast column head 101. One end of the diagonal brace 1091 is hinged to the connecting member 1092, and the other end is fixed on the building foundation 4 or the second cast-in-place section 7 (the cast-in-place part between the precast beam slab 2 and the precast floor slab 3). When supporting the precast column 1 at the bottom layer, the diagonal brace 1091 is fixed on the building foundation 4. When supporting the precast column 1 at the second layer and above, the diagonal brace 1091 is fixed on the second cast-in-place section 7. The connecting member 1092 includes a fixing plate 1092a welded to the internal column reinforcement 103 of the precast column 1. A connecting plate 1092b is vertically welded to the fixing plate 1092a. The diagonal brace 1091 is hinged to the connecting plate 1092b. One end of the diagonal brace 1091 fixed on the building foundation 4 or the second cast-in-place section 7 is welded and fixed by using a steel bar section 1093 embedded in the building foundation 4 or the second cast-in-place column section. The diagonal brace 1091 is of a telescopic structure, and the telescopic method is a hydraulic telescopic rod or a threaded telescopic clamp.

[0065] The length of the precast column 1 is between 3 and 6 m. The exhaust hole 107 is between 500 and 800 mm from the end of the precast column tail 102. The length of the pouring sleeve 5 is between 200 and 400 mm. In the areas near the precast column head 101 and the precast column tail 102, the arrangement density of the circular column reinforcement 1032 of the column reinforcement 103 is higher. The length of the first cast-in-place section 6 is between 800 and 1200 mm.

[0066] Such as Figures 8 - 15As shown in the figure, the precast floor slab 3 is assembled within a framework enclosed by precast columns 1 and precast beam and slab 2, and includes a casting sleeve 5 embedded at the end. The casting sleeve 5 is used for the floor slab steel bars 31 at the ends of adjacent precast floor slabs 3 to be inserted and connected. A floor slab exhaust hole 302 is provided at the embedded part of the casting sleeve 5. One end of the casting sleeve 5 is flush with the end of the precast floor slab 3, and the other end communicates with the floor slab exhaust hole 302. When adjacent two precast floor slabs 3 are spliced, the floor slab steel bars 31 at one end of the precast floor slab 3 are inserted and installed in the casting sleeve 5 of the adjacent precast floor slab 3. The two sides of the precast floor slab 5 are lapped on the precast beam and slab 2. During the process of manufacturing the precast floor slab, by embedding the casting sleeve 5 in the precast floor slab 3 and inserting and connecting the floor slab steel bars 31 of adjacent precast floor slabs 3 in the casting sleeve 5 for concrete casting, the integrity effect of the splicing of the precast floor slab 3 can be improved, the connection can be ensured to be firm, and the quality of the prefabricated building can be improved. The length of the floor slab steel bars at the end of the precast floor slab 3 is greater than the depth inserted into the casting sleeve 5, so that a third cast-in-place section 8 is formed between the ends of adjacent two precast floor slabs 3. Through subsequent cast-in-place concrete, the connection between adjacent two precast floor slabs 3 is further ensured to be firm. The floor slab steel bars 31 are arranged in the precast floor slab 3. The floor slab steel bars 31 include floor slab transverse bars 311 arranged along the length direction of the precast floor slab 3 and floor slab longitudinal bars 312 arranged perpendicular to the floor slab transverse bars 311. One implementation method is, as Figure 12 shown, the floor slab transverse bars 311 include a first transverse bar 3111 and a second transverse bar 3112 arranged side by side. One end of the first transverse bar 3111 extends out of the end of the precast floor slab 3, and the other end is inserted and connected in the casting sleeve 5. One end of the second transverse bar 3112 is embedded in the precast floor slab 3, and the other end extends out of the end of the precast floor slab 3 where the casting sleeve 5 is arranged. When adjacent two precast floor slabs 3 are spliced, the second transverse bar 3112 of the second precast floor slab 3 is inserted and connected in the casting sleeve 5 of the first precast floor slab 3. When pouring concrete, since the casting sleeve 5 is embedded and fixed in the precast floor slab 3, the connection is more firm after the casting sleeve 5 is filled with concrete, further improving the connection strength between adjacent two precast floor slabs 3, and forming a denser steel bar structure in the third cast-in-place section 8, improving the strength of the third cast-in-place section 8, ensuring the splicing safety of the precast floor slab 3, and thus enhancing the bearing capacity of the precast floor slab 3. A floor slab exhaust hole 302 is provided in the precast floor slab 3. When pouring the third cast-in-place section 8, after the mortar enters the casting sleeve 5, the air in the casting sleeve 5 is discharged through the floor slab exhaust hole 302, so as to ensure that the mortar fills the casting sleeve 5 and avoid loose connection caused by air holes. The other two setting methods of the floor slab transverse bars 311 in the precast floor slab 3 are respectively as Figure 13 and Figure 14 shown. Figure 13Only the first transverse reinforcement 3111 is provided therein. One end of the first transverse reinforcement 3111 extends out of the end of the precast floor slab 3, and the other end is inserted and connected in the casting sleeve 5. The casting sleeve 5 is embedded at the end of the precast floor slab 3. When two precast floor slabs 3 are spliced, the first transverse reinforcement 3111 of the other precast floor slab 3 can be directly inserted into the casting sleeve 5 of the adjacent precast floor slab 3. Figure 14 The transverse floor slab reinforcement 311 in it includes the first transverse reinforcement 3111 and the second transverse reinforcement 3112 arranged side by side. One end of the first transverse reinforcement 3111 extends out of the end of the precast floor slab 3, and the other end is embedded in the precast floor slab 3 or extends to the end or extends outside the end. The setting method of the second transverse reinforcement 3112 is the same as that of the first transverse reinforcement 3111, that is, one end extends outside the end of the precast floor slab 3, and the other end is embedded in the precast floor slab 3 or extends to the end of this end or extends outside the end of this end. The length of the first transverse reinforcement 3111 extending out of the end is greater than the length of the second transverse reinforcement 3112 extending out of the end. When two adjacent precast floor slabs 3 are spliced, the first transverse reinforcement 3111 of the second precast floor slab 3 is inserted and connected in the casting sleeve 5 of the first precast floor slab 3. When both ends of the first transverse reinforcement 3111 and the second transverse reinforcement 3112 extend outside the end of the precast floor slab 3, it can be regarded as only one kind of transverse reinforcement.

[0067] As one of the preferred embodiments, the floor slab steel bars 31 further include a plurality of reinforcing ribs 313 arranged side by side. The precast floor slab 3 includes a concrete layer 301. Each of the reinforcing ribs 313 is partially embedded in the concrete layer 301. Each of the reinforcing ribs 313 includes a plurality of frame ribs 314 arranged side by side. Adjacent two frame ribs 314 are fixedly connected by a wavy first diagonal bar 315. Each frame rib 314 includes a first horizontal bar 3141 and a second horizontal bar 3142 arranged in parallel. The first horizontal bar 3141 and the second horizontal bar 3142 are connected by a wavy second diagonal bar 316. All of the first horizontal bar 3141 and part of the second diagonal bar 316 are embedded in the concrete layer 301. A plurality of reinforcing ribs 313 are arranged side by side in the precast floor slab 301. On the one hand, it can strengthen the strength and load-bearing capacity of the precast floor slab 3. On the other hand, the reinforcing ribs 313 can be used as a support framework structure for hoisting the precast floor slab 3 to ensure the safety of hoisting the precast floor slab 3; part of the reinforcing ribs 313 are embedded in the concrete layer 301, and the part extending outside the concrete layer is used for tying the upper surface steel bars 317 and serving as a poured upper panel 303 to form a composite slab structure with the precast floor slab 3. Each reinforcing rib 313 is formed by connecting a plurality of frame ribs 314 arranged side by side. Between the plurality of frame ribs 314 arranged side by side and between the first horizontal bar 3141 and the second horizontal bar 3142 in each frame rib 314, they are all connected by wavy diagonal bars. The plurality of frame ribs 314 are set at the same height, so that each frame rib 314 is about half embedded and poured in the concrete layer 301, which can improve the connection firmness between the reinforcing rib 313 and the precast floor slab 3, and keep the integrity of the subsequently poured composite slab, improve the bearing capacity of the floor slab of the prefabricated building, and ensure the building quality.

[0068] In addition, both ends of the longitudinal floor slab steel bars 312 of the precast floor slab 3 extend out of the two side surfaces of the precast floor slab 3, and both ends of the longitudinal floor slab steel bars 312 are in a hook-shaped structure. The two sides of the precast floor slab 3 are lapped on the precast beam slab 2. The hook-shaped longitudinal floor slab steel bars 312 are embedded in the freshly poured concrete, which can improve the connection firmness and ensure the bearing capacity and strength of the precast floor slab. During the construction process, the precast floor slab 3 is hoisted and installed and its position is corrected, then the upper surface steel bars 317 of the precast floor slab 3 are tied and the concealed water and electricity pipes are embedded, and the precast floor slab 3 is reset and corrected, and the first-poured part is poured and vibrated, such as Figure 15As shown in the figure, it includes the concrete of the second cast-in-place section 7 spliced by the precast beam and slab 3, the concrete of the third cast-in-place section 8, and the surface reinforcement layer slab on the precast floor slab 3 to form a composite floor slab. The joints at the bottom of the precast floor slab 3 are treated, and curing is carried out finally after pouring; when hoisting the precast floor slab 3, a rectangular frame hoist is used for hoisting, and four floor slab lifting points 9 are arranged on the precast floor slab 3. The four floor slab lifting points 9 are specifically arranged on the reinforcing ribs 313, so that the sling is vertically connected to the rectangular frame hoist through the four floor slab lifting points 9. This hoisting method can avoid the sling from pulling on the precast floor slab 3, ensure the hoisting quality, and avoid damage. At the same time, arranging the floor slab lifting points 9 on the reinforcing ribs 313 is convenient for setting the floor slab lifting points 9 on the one hand, and can ensure the hoisting safety on the other hand.

[0069] As Figures 16 - 19 shown, the building precast component system also includes precast beam and slab 2, and the precast beam and slab is installed between two adjacent precast columns 1. Pouring sleeves 5 and beam and slab steel bars 21 are embedded in the precast beam and slab 2. The pouring sleeves 5 are embedded near the ends of the precast beam and slab 2, and the beam and slab steel bars 21 extend out of the two end faces and two side faces of the precast beam and slab 2. The pouring sleeves 5 are used for the beam and slab steel bars 21 outside the ends of adjacent precast beam and slabs 2 to be inserted and connected. Beam and slab exhaust holes 201 are also arranged at the embedded parts of the pouring sleeves 5 of the precast beam and slab 2. One end of the pouring sleeve 5 is flush with the end of the precast beam and slab 2, and the other end communicates with the beam and slab exhaust holes 201. When adjacent two precast beam and slabs 2 are spliced, the beam and slab steel bars 21 at one end of the precast beam and slab 2 are inserted and installed in the pouring sleeves 5 of the adjacent precast beam and slab 2. After the two sides of the precast beam and slab 2 are spliced with the precast floor slab 3, a second cast-in-place section 7 is formed for pouring concrete for connection. After the beam and slab steel bars 21 of adjacent precast beam and slabs 2 are inserted and connected through the pouring sleeves 5 and then concrete is poured, the integrity effect of the splicing of the precast beam and slab 2 can be improved, the connection can be ensured to be firm, and the quality of the prefabricated building can be improved; the length of the beam and slab steel bars 21 at the ends of the precast beam and slab 2 is greater than the depth inserted into the pouring sleeves 5, so that a cast-in-place section is formed between the ends of adjacent two precast beam and slabs 2, that is, the first cast-in-place section 6 between the precast columns 1. Through subsequent cast-in-place concrete, the connection between adjacent two precast beam and slabs 2 and adjacent two precast columns 1 is realized.

[0070] As one of the preferred embodiments, the beam plate reinforcement 21 in the precast beam plate 2 includes a beam plate transverse reinforcement 211 and a beam plate longitudinal reinforcement 212, wherein the beam plate transverse reinforcement 211 is arranged along the length direction of the precast beam plate 2, and the beam plate longitudinal reinforcement 212 is arranged along the width direction of the precast beam plate 2, and the beam plate transverse reinforcement 211 includes a first beam plate transverse reinforcement 2111 and a second beam plate transverse reinforcement 2112 arranged side by side, and one end of the first beam plate transverse reinforcement 2111 extends out of the precast beam plate 2 The first beam slab transverse reinforcement 2111 of the second precast beam slab 2 is inserted into the casting sleeve 5, and the other end is inserted into the casting sleeve 5. One end of the second beam slab transverse reinforcement 2112 is buried in the precast beam slab 2, and the other end extends out of the end of the precast beam slab 2 arranged with the casting sleeve 5. When two adjacent precast beam slabs 2 are spliced, the first beam slab transverse reinforcement 2111 of the second precast beam slab 2 is inserted into the casting sleeve 5 of the first precast beam slab 2. When pouring concrete, since the casting sleeve 5 is pre-buried and fixed in the precast beam slab 2, the casting sleeve 5 is poured. After being filled with concrete, the connection is firmer, and the connection strength of the two adjacent precast beams 2 is further improved. A denser steel structure is formed in the first cast-in-place section 6, which improves the strength of the first cast-in-place section 6, ensures the safety of splicing the precast beams 2, and further improves the bearing capacity of the precast beams 2. By arranging exhaust holes in the embedded parts of the casting sleeves 5 of the precast beams 2, the air in the casting sleeves 5 can be discharged during the cast-in-place concrete process to avoid the generation of bubbles and other problems that affect the casting quality and the connection strength of the precast beams 2; when the two adjacent precast beams 2 are spliced, the second beam transverse reinforcement 2112 of the second precast beam 2 passes through the column reinforcement 103 of the precast column 1, and is inserted into the casting sleeve 5 connected to the first precast beam 2, so that the second beam transverse reinforcement 2112 and the column reinforcement 103 of the precast column 1 are arranged in an alternate manner. When the first cast-in-place section 6 is cast, the precast beams 2 and the precast columns 1 form an integral structure.

[0071] During the installation process of the precast beam slab 2, the beam slab surface layer is cast after the two sides are spliced with the precast floor slab 3. The precast beam slab 2 includes a beam slab precast layer 202, and the beam slab surface layer is cast on the beam slab precast layer 202. When the beam slab surface layer is cast, beam slab surface layer steel bars are arranged inside, and the beam slab surface layer steel bars are tied to the beam slab surface bar skeleton 22. The beam slab surface layer skeleton 22 is connected to the beam slab steel bar 21. The beam slab surface layer skeleton 22 includes two skeleton bottom bars 221 arranged side by side, and the two skeleton bottom bars 221 are pre-buried in the beam slab precast layer 202, and the two skeleton bottom bars 221 are fixedly connected to the beam slab steel bar 21. The beam slab surface layer skeleton 22 also includes a skeleton top bar 222 for being arranged outside the beam slab precast layer 202. The skeleton top reinforcement 222 is arranged above the middle of the two skeleton bottom reinforcements. The two skeleton bottom reinforcements 221 are connected to the skeleton top reinforcement 222 through two wavy skeleton oblique reinforcements 223. The skeleton bottom reinforcement 221 and the beam and slab transverse reinforcement 211 are arranged side by side. Example

[0072] This embodiment shows a prefabricated building, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 15 , Figure 20 and Figure 21 as shown, it is assembled and installed by using the building precast component system described in Embodiment 1, including precast columns 1, precast beam slabs 2 and precast floor slabs 3. First, the foundation is treated to form a building foundation 4 for constructing the prefabricated building, and foundation steel bars 401 are anchored on the building foundation 4. The precast column 1 is installed through the foundation steel bars 401, and then the precast column 1 is supported and fixed by fixing components, and the on-site cast-in-place section 10 of the foundation between the precast column 1 and the foundation steel bars 401 is poured. After the precast column 1 is stabilized, the precast column 1, precast beam slabs 2 and precast floor slabs 3 are continuously installed on the precast column 1, and the first on-site cast-in-place section 6, the second on-site cast-in-place section 7 and the third on-site cast-in-place section 8 are poured. In this way, the construction is carried out layer by layer in a cycle to form the final prefabricated building.

[0073] When the foundation is treated, it also includes constructing a floating foundation. The floating foundation includes pre-drilled anchor holes 402. Multiple anchor bars 403 are arranged in the anchor holes 402. The multiple anchor bars 403 are fixedly connected around the periphery of a fixed pipe 404. The fixed pipe 404 is made of fixed iron pipe, with a length of 80 - 150 mm and a diameter between 28 - 40 mm. In this embodiment, an iron pipe with φ32×2 is taken, and the length L = 100 is used to fix the anchor bars 403. A positioning stirrup 405 is also connected to the multiple anchor bars 403. The overall structure formed by fixing the multiple anchor bars 403 through the fixed pipe 404 is inserted into the anchor holes 402, and it is located at the central part of the anchor holes 402 through the positioning stirrup 405. After the anchor holes 402 are grouted, an anti-floating anchor structure is formed. Then, a foundation cushion 406 is constructed, and a waterproof structure is constructed at the part where the anti-floating anchor passes through the foundation cushion 406. The waterproof structure includes an expansion water-stop ring 407 sleeved outside the anti-floating anchor, and a sealant layer 408 (such as polysulfide sealant, polyurethane sealant, etc.) coated on the expansion water-stop ring 407. The expansion water-stop ring 407 can expand when encountering water to achieve the purpose of effective water-stop. At the same time, a sealant layer 408 is coated on the outside to form a double water-stop effect. After the waterproof structure is constructed, the construction bottom slab 409 is poured. Before the pouring construction, the anchor bars 403 at the top of the anti-floating anchor are bent into an L shape, and a foundation transverse bar 410 is connected to the anchor bars 403. The foundation transverse bar 410 is fixedly connected to the foundation steel bars 401. The foundation steel bars 401 are used for installing the precast column 1 during the installation of the prefabricated building. The foundation steel bars 401 are inserted and connected into the pouring sleeve 5 of the precast column 1. After the foundation steel bars 401 are fixedly connected, the construction bottom slab 409 is poured. An anti-floating anchor structure 41 with a length of 6 - 9 m is arranged in the building foundation 4 of the prefabricated building, which can achieve the purpose of effective anti-floating. At the same time, the precast column 1 and the anti-floating foundation are connected into an integral structure, improving the structural stability and construction quality of the prefabricated building. Embodiment

[0074] This embodiment shows a construction method for the installation of prefabricated building structures. The construction of the building foundation with a floating foundation resistance is carried out as in Embodiment 2, and the prefabricated building components system in Embodiment 1 is used for the installation of the prefabricated building structure, including the construction of the floating foundation resistance, the construction of the precast column 1, the construction of the precast floor slab 3, and the construction of the precast beam and slab 2, etc. As Figures 1 - 21 shown, the specific construction steps are as follows:

[0075] Step A: Construct the building foundation 4, including the floating foundation resistance, and arrange the foundation steel bars 401 on the top of the floating foundation resistance;

[0076] Step B: Install the bottom-layer precast column 1 on the building foundation 4, and insert the foundation steel bars 401 on the building foundation 4 into the casting sleeve 5 at the tail of the precast column 102;

[0077] Step C: Fix the bottom-layer precast column 1 with the fixing component 109;

[0078] Step D: Pour the foundation cast-in-place section 10 between the bottom-layer precast column 1 and the building foundation 4;

[0079] Step E: Install the upper-layer structure on the head 101 of the bottom-layer precast column, including the upper-layer precast column 1, the precast floor slab 3, and the precast beam and slab 2. When installing the upper-layer precast column 1, insert the column steel bars 103 on the head 101 of the bottom-layer precast column into the casting sleeve 5 at the tail 102 of the upper-layer precast column 1. The length of the column steel bars 103 on the head 101 of the precast column is greater than the depth inserted into the casting sleeve 5, so that the end of the head 101 of the bottom-layer precast column and the end of the tail 102 of the upper-layer precast column 1 form a first cast-in-place section 6. Install the precast floor slab 3 and the precast beam and slab 2. A second cast-in-place section 7 is formed between the precast floor slab 3 and the precast beam and slab 2. The two ends of the precast beam and slab 2 are lapped on the precast column 1 and are connected by pouring through the first cast-in-place section 6;

[0080] Step F: Pour the concrete of the first cast-in-place section 6 and the casting sleeve 5 through the grouting hole 105, and at the same time pour the second cast-in-place section 7. Before pouring the second cast-in-place section 7, first tie the upper-layer surface steel bars 317;

[0081] Step G: According to the construction content of Step E and Step F, repeat the installation of the precast column 1, the precast beam and slab 2, and the precast floor slab 3 on the upper layer to form a complete prefabricated building structure.

[0082] The precast column 1, as the main load-bearing component of the prefabricated building, bears the main loads of the upper structure and is related to the construction safety and the safety of later operation and use of the entire building structure. It is necessary to ensure the structural stability and integrity of the precast column 1. The embedded column bars 103 in the precast column 1 can ensure its structural strength. At the same time, a casting sleeve 5 is arranged at the tail of the precast column. The column bars 103 at the head 101 of the precast column are inserted and connected into the casting sleeve 5 at the tail 102 of the precast column in the upper layer, and concrete is poured through the grouting holes 105 arranged at the tail 102 of the precast column to ensure the firm connection of the precast columns 1 in the upper and lower layers. At the same time, by setting the casting sleeve 5, the precast column 5 in the upper layer can be accurately sleeved on the column bars 103 at the head 101 of the precast column in the lower layer, playing a positioning role and solving the problem that the existing prefabricated building structure is not convenient to connect during assembly and installation. The length of the column bars 103 at the head 101 of the precast column is greater than the depth inserted into the casting sleeve 5, so that the end of the head 101 of the precast column in the lower layer and the end of the tail 102 of the precast column 1 in the upper layer form a first cast-in-place section 6. By post-casting the cast-in-place concrete, the connection of the precast columns 1 in the two layers is further ensured to be firm.

[0083] As one of the preferred implementation manners, when grouting through the grouting holes 105, grouting is carried out simultaneously through all the grouting holes 105 concentrated on the two adjacent sides of the tail 102 of the precast column. This method is not only convenient for grouting into the casting sleeve 5, but also can improve the grouting efficiency and ensure that the grouting pressure of each casting sleeve 5 is the same.

[0084] The construction process of precast column installation includes precast column hoisting and grouting. The precast column hoisting construction process includes: (1) Hoist precast columns one by one along a direction (such as the horizontal axis direction or the vertical axis direction) according to the overall structure of the building foundation, and carry out in a layer-by-layer and section-by-section flow manner. After the precast columns in one axial direction are hoisted, then hoist the precast columns in the next section of this axis. Using this method can reduce repeated operations and improve construction efficiency; (2) Clean the sundries at the precast column installation site, remove the loose concrete and check the axis of the precast column to ensure that the axis of the precast column is perpendicular to the building foundation surface; (3) Inspect the precast column to be hoisted, verify the precast column model, structural dimensions, embedment position, etc., to prevent mis-hoisting or rework; (4) Hoist the precast column. When the precast column needs to be turned over during hoisting, hoist the lifting lug 104 of the precast column through the lifting tool, pad rubber tires for protection, and slowly lift the height to adjust the precast column from the horizontal state to the vertical state to complete the precast column turning-over operation; (5) Position the precast column. When the precast column is hoisted 500 mm above the ground, pause, remove the cushion wood and support legs for protecting the precast column, clean the mud and dirt at the head of the precast column, hoist the precast column to the installation site to be installed, and position it through the foundation steel bars. After hoisting and positioning, add at least 2 groups of diagonal braces 1091 of the fixing components 109 to temporarily fix the precast column 1; (6) Calibration and positioning. First, calibrate the verticality of the precast column. Use a plumb bob and set up a theodolite in two mutually perpendicular directions to align the vertical axis of the column body with the column grid axis at the installation position, and be perpendicular up and down. When calibrating the axis, first find the axes on two surfaces, then align the axis on the third surface, and finally align the axes or center lines on the three surfaces of the column with the positioning axis. After ensuring that the axis position and verticality are correct, carry out grouting for the on-site casting section of the foundation; Secondly, install, calibrate and position the middle precast column. Take the center line of the slightly larger surface of the precast column as the standard. After positioning, support it on four sides. Use two theodolites to be respectively supported on the axial lines of two adjacent column surfaces, align with the column body axis, and calibrate the vertical deviation. After the two theodolites are calibrated from two directions, then check the axes on the other two surfaces. After the four-side support is firm, the on-site casting section of the foundation can be grouted; Finally, install, calibrate and position the side columns and corner columns, and calibrate the positioning axes on the three rear surfaces and the axis on the fourth surface at the same time to ensure that the precast column does not twist, displace or deviate. Position the precast column before unhooking and fix it firmly to avoid the precast column from tipping over.

[0085] The construction process of grouting the precast column includes: (1) Sealing the base, sealing the space between the tail 102 of the precast column and the floor slab 409 to form a closed space, ensuring that the grouting material fills the pouring hole 108 and the pouring sleeve 5 under pressure and reaches the required density; (2) Grouting, when grouting, stop grouting after the grouting hole 105, the slurry outlet hole 106 and the exhaust hole 107 all discharge slurry, and hold the pressure for 30 - 45s to keep the slurry dense; (3) When grouting the first cast-in-place section 6 and the space of other cast-in-place sections (including the second cast-in-place section 7 and the third cast-in-place section 8) formed by the precast beam slab 2 and the precast floor slab 3, the same requirements should also be met.

[0086] When installing the precast floor slab 3 in step E, a formwork support frame is erected, and the support method of steel pipe + jack + square steel pipe keel is adopted. When splicing two adjacent precast floor slabs, the transverse bars of the beam slab at one end of the precast floor slab are inserted into the pouring sleeve of the adjacent precast floor slab. The two sides of the precast floor slab overlap on the precast beam slab. The length of the transverse bars of the beam slab at the end of the precast floor slab is greater than the depth inserted into the pouring sleeve, so that a third cast-in-place section is formed between the ends of two adjacent precast floor slabs. Through subsequent cast-in-place concrete, the connection between two adjacent precast floor slabs is further ensured to be firm. During the construction process, the precast floor slab is hoisted and installed and its position is corrected, then the top reinforcement of the precast floor slab is tied and the hidden water and electricity pipes are embedded, and the precast floor slab is reset and corrected. The concrete of the second cast-in-place section, the third cast-in-place section where the precast beam slab is spliced and the upper floor slab of the precast floor slab are poured and vibrated to form a composite floor slab. The bottom joint of the precast floor slab is treated, and finally maintenance is carried out after pouring is completed.

[0087] The key points of the hoisting construction operation of the precast floor slab include:

[0088] (1) Erect the support frame, and the material used is a fastener-type Φ48×3.2 steel pipe support frame. The main keel on the slab surface is made of Φ48×3.6 steel pipe, and the secondary keel is made of 50*50mm square steel pipe;

[0089] (2) The secondary keel is arranged perpendicular to the splicing joint between the precast floor slab and the precast beam slab. The spacing of the vertical poles of the formwork support is appropriate, about 1 meter. A footboard is set at the bottom of the vertical pole, and a bottom bar is set 20cm above the ground. The step distance of the horizontal bar is 1.5 meters. The horizontal bar is lengthened by using butt fasteners, and the connecting fasteners of adjacent horizontal bars are staggered from each other to avoid being in the same longitudinal (transverse) spacing. At all the splicing joints of the precast floor slab, a foamed polyethylene strip is arranged for caulking, and later, the bottom joint is repaired with anti-cracking mortar and composite fiberglass mesh;

[0090] (3) Paste a sponge strip on the opening of the peripheral support formwork of the precast floor slab to prevent slurry leakage, and paste double-sided tape at different positions at the junction of the precast floor slab and the cast-in-place section (including the second cast-in-place section and the third cast-in-place section) to prevent slurry leakage;

[0091] (4) The elevation deviation of the top of the precast floor support and precast beam shall be based on the elevation of the upper surface of the formwork bottom formwork, and the allowable deviation of the elevation shall be within ±5 mm;

[0092] (5) Use a laser leveler to check the elevation of the support frame and the top surface of the precast beam. If the elevation of the support frame does not meet the requirements, adjust the adjustable top support of the support frame to meet the requirements. If the elevation of the top of the precast beam does not meet the requirements, check whether the bottom elevation of the precast beam meets the requirements. If not, adjust it to meet the requirements.

[0093] As one of the preferred implementation modes, in step E, when two adjacent precast beams are spliced, the beam reinforcement at one end of the precast beam is inserted and installed in the casting sleeve of the adjacent precast beam, and then the precast beam is lengthened by cast-in-place concrete. When the two adjacent precast beams are respectively arranged on both sides of the precast column, a first cast-in-place section is formed between the ends of the two precast beams, and the second cast-in-place section is formed after the two sides of the precast beam are spliced with the precast floor, which is used for pouring concrete for connection to form an assembled building structure.

[0094] The installation operation key points of precast beams and slabs include: (1) In conjunction with the binding of the upper layer reinforcement 317, the precast beams and slabs with a span ≥4m are arched by 0.2% to prevent excessive deflection. The upper end of the beam formwork used for pouring the beam and slab surface layer should be tightened with a locking rod to prevent deformation of the upper end; (2) All precast beam and slab seams ≥2mm are sealed with tape, and the precast beam and slab formwork is laid from both ends of the precast beam and slab to the middle. The inlay wood is arranged in the middle and the cleaning port is set at the end; (3) The bottom strip of the side formwork of beams with a height of ≥300 shall not use nine-piece boards, and the steel pipe top should be fixed and clamped with square wood; if the formwork strip is used for beams with a height of less than 300, its shear strength must be sufficient to avoid collapse during concrete pouring.

[0095] When pouring the foundation cast-in-place section 10, the first cast-in-place section 6, the second cast-in-place section 7 and the third cast-in-place section 8, firstly carry out measurement and layout, lay out the positions of each prefabricated component in the building prefabricated component system and the position of the 30 cm cast-in-place area, and affix double-sided tape to the joints between the prefabricated components to prevent leakage.

[0096] When hoisting precast floor slabs and precast beam slabs, hoisting is carried out through the floor slab hoisting points 9. When hoisting precast floor slabs 3, four floor slab hoisting points 9 are set, and a rectangular frame hoisting frame is used for hoisting. The hoisting steel rope or chain uses a special chain and 4 closed hooks. The length of a single chain is 3m. The hoisting point position is between 1 / 4 and 1 / 5 of the entire slab length at both ends of the precast slab. The 4 floor slab hoisting points 9 are evenly loaded and hoisted to ensure smooth hoisting of the components.

[0097] As one preferred embodiment, in step A, when constructing the anti-floating foundation, Figures 20 - 21 As shown, the construction steps include the following:

[0098] Step A1: Drill an anchor hole 402 according to the length of the anti-floating anchor rod 41;

[0099] Step A2: Fix multiple anchor bars 403 with a fixed pipe 404, and arrange positioning stirrups 405 on the multiple anchor bars 403 to form an anti-floating anchor rod 41. The positioning stirrups 405 can ensure that the anchor bars 403 are in the middle part of the anchor hole 402, avoiding problems such as deviation that affect the anti-floating effect of the anti-floating anchor rod 41;

[0100] Step A3: Lower the anti-floating anchor rod 41 into the anchor hole 402 and pour anchor rod mortar;

[0101] Step A4: Construct the foundation cushion 406, and construct a waterproof structure at the part where the anti-floating anchor rod 41 passes through the foundation cushion 406. The waterproof structure includes an expansion water stop ring 407 sleeved on the outside of the anti-floating anchor rod 41, and a sealant layer 408 (such as polysulfide sealant, polyurethane sealant, etc.) coated on the expansion water stop ring 407. The expansion water stop ring 407 can expand when encountering water to achieve the purpose of effective water stop. At the same time, a sealant layer 408 is coated on the outside to form a double water stop effect;

[0102] Step A5: Construct the top reinforcement of the anti-floating anchor rod 41, including bending the top of the anchor bar 403 into an L shape, connecting a foundation transverse bar 410 to the anchor bar 403, and fixedly connecting a foundation reinforcement 401 to the foundation transverse bar 410. The foundation reinforcement 401 is used to be inserted and connected into the pouring sleeve 5 of the precast column 1 during the subsequent installation of the precast column 1;

[0103] Step A6: Pour the floor slab 409.

[0104] By arranging anti-floating anchor rods with a length of 6 - 9m in the building foundation of the prefabricated building, the purpose of effective anti-floating can be achieved. At the same time, the precast column and the anti-floating foundation are connected into an integral structure, improving the structural stability and construction quality of the prefabricated building.

[0105] The installation construction method of the prefabricated building structure in this embodiment also includes construction monitoring, including monitoring the support brackets and lifting machinery. The support bracket monitoring includes bracket displacement monitoring and bracket settlement monitoring, and the lifting machinery monitoring includes deviation monitoring.

[0106] By conducting construction monitoring during the installation construction process of the assembled building structure, the dynamic conditions of the brackets and formwork supports can be discovered in time. When it is found that the deformation values of subsidence, loosening, deformation, and horizontal displacement exceed the allowable values, reinforcement treatment is carried out in time.

[0107] Specific monitoring methods for construction monitoring:

[0108] (1) Monitoring items, monitoring methods, accuracy requirements, and measuring point arrangements

[0109] Monitoring Items Monitoring Instruments Monitoring Accuracy Measuring Point Layout Bracket Displacement Total Station 1.0 mm Spacing 10 m, not less than 3 points Bracket Settlement Leveling Instrument 1.0 mm Spacing 10 m, 3 points Lifting Machinery Deviation Total Station 1.0 mm Detect once every 1 hour

[0110] Monitoring points are set by painting red paint on precast columns, precast beam slabs and steel pipe support frames at the edge positions as monitoring marks. Monitoring points are set under some precast beam slabs with large loads, and real-time monitoring of the support system is carried out during the concrete pouring process;

[0111] (2) Monitoring warning values and allowable values

[0112] Monitoring Items Warning Value Allowable Value Bracket Displacement 4 mm 5 mm Bracket Settlement 4 mm 5 mm Lifting Machinery Deviation 4 mm 5 mm

[0113] (3) Monitoring measures

[0114] Monitoring is carried out during the installation of precast columns and the pouring of the cast-in-place section. The installation of precast columns and the cast-in-place section of the above-mentioned parts are poured during the day. During monitoring, plane displacement deformation monitoring and settlement monitoring are carried out simultaneously. Specifically:

[0115] During the installation of precast columns and the construction of the cast-in-place section, real-time monitoring of the support and formwork support conditions is carried out. When the deformation values of sinking, loosening, deformation and horizontal displacement reach the allowable values in the above table, the operation is suspended and reinforcement treatment is carried out;

[0116] (4) Visually inspect whether the lifting tackle, sling and lifting ring are worn and whether the stability is normal, and record the monitoring time. Check every 2 hours.

[0117] The above is only a detailed description of the specific implementation manner of the present invention, rather than a limitation to the present invention. Various substitutions, modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the relevant technical fields without departing from the principle and scope of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A building precast component system, characterized in that, The building precast component system includes precast columns (1), precast beam - slabs (2) and precast floor slabs (3). The precast column (1) includes a precast column head (101) and a precast column tail (102) for installation on a building foundation (4). A casting sleeve (5) is embedded in the precast column tail (102). The precast beam - slab (2) is connected to the precast column head (101). The precast beam - slab (2) is installed in the space formed by enclosing the precast column (1) and the precast beam - slab (2). Column reinforcement bars (103) are embedded in the precast column (1). The column reinforcement bars (103) at the precast column head (101) extend outside the end part and are inserted and connected into the casting sleeve (5) of the precast column (1) of the upper layer. Foundation reinforcement bars (401) for connecting the precast column tail (102) are arranged on the building foundation (4). The foundation reinforcement bars (401) are inserted and connected into the casting sleeve (5) of the precast column tail (102). A foundation in - situ casting section (10) is formed between the precast column tail (102) of the bottom - layer precast column (1) and the building foundation (4). After the foundation in - situ casting section (10) is cast with concrete, the fixed installation of the precast column (1) is realized.

2. The building precast component system according to claim 1, wherein, On the precast column (1) of the bottom layer, upper - layer precast components are installed, including the precast column (1), precast floor slab (3) and precast beam - slab (2) of the upper layer. The column reinforcement bars (103) on the precast column head (101) of the bottom layer are inserted and connected into the casting sleeve (5) of the precast column tail (102) of the precast column (1) of the upper layer. The length of the column reinforcement bars (103) extending out of the end part of the precast column head (101) is greater than the depth inserted into the casting sleeve (5), so that a first in - situ casting section (6) is formed between the end part of the precast column head (101) of the bottom layer and the end part of the precast column tail (102) of the precast column (1) of the upper layer. The precast beam - slab (2) is installed on the precast column head (101), and the end part of the precast beam - slab (2) is the first in - situ casting section (6). By casting the first in - situ casting section (6), the precast columns (1) in the vertical direction are connected, and at the same time, the precast beam - slab (2) in the horizontal direction is connected to the precast column (1). The precast floor slab (3) is hoisted and installed in the space enclosed by the precast column (1) and the precast beam - slab (2). A second in - situ casting section (7) is formed between the precast floor slab (3) and the precast beam - slab (2). A grouting hole (105) is also provided outside the precast column tail (102), and the grouting hole (105) communicates with the casting sleeve (5).

3. The building prefabricated component system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross - sectional shape of the precast column (1) is square. The casting sleeves (5) are arranged around the end face of the precast column tail (102). A prismatic frustum - shaped casting hole (108) is also opened in the middle part of the end face of the precast column tail (102). One grouting hole (105) is provided on each casting sleeve (5), and all the grouting holes (105) are concentrated on the adjacent two sides outside the precast column tail (102). The precast column (1) is also provided with an exhaust hole (107) that communicates the casting hole (108) with the air outside the precast column (1).

4. The building precast component system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The building precast component system further includes a fixing component (109) for supporting the precast column (1) during installation. The fixing component (109) includes a telescopic diagonal brace (1091). A connecting piece (1092) is embedded in the middle of the precast column (1) and near one end of the precast column head (101). The connecting piece (1092) includes a fixing plate (1092a) welded to the internal column reinforcement (103) of the precast column (1). A connecting plate (1092b) is vertically welded to the fixing plate (1092a). One end of the diagonal brace (1091) is hinged to the connecting plate (1092b), and the other end is fixed to the building foundation (4) or the second cast-in-place section (7).

5. The building prefabricated component system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Pouring sleeves (5) for inserting and connecting floor slab reinforcements (31) at the ends of adjacent precast floor slabs (3) are embedded in the precast floor slab (3). Floor slab exhaust holes (302) are also provided at the embedded parts of the pouring sleeves (5) in the precast floor slab (3). One end of the pouring sleeve (5) is flush with the end of the precast floor slab (3), and the other end communicates with the floor slab exhaust hole (302). When adjacent precast floor slabs (3) are spliced, the floor slab reinforcement (31) at one end of the precast floor slab (3) is inserted and installed in the pouring sleeve (5) of the adjacent precast floor slab (3). The length of the floor slab reinforcement (31) extending out of the end of the precast floor slab (3) is greater than the depth inserted into the pouring sleeve (5), so that a third cast-in-place section (8) with a certain width is formed between the ends of adjacent precast floor slabs (3). The third cast-in-place section (8) is poured to fix the splicing of adjacent precast floor slabs (3).

6. The building precast component system according to claim 5, wherein, The floor slab steel bars (31) include floor slab transverse bars (311) arranged along the length direction of the precast floor slab (3), and floor slab longitudinal bars (312) arranged perpendicular to the floor slab transverse bars (311). The floor slab transverse bars (311) include a first transverse bar (3111) and a second transverse bar (3112) arranged side by side. One end of the first transverse bar (3111) extends out of the end of the precast floor slab (3), and the other end is inserted and connected in the casting sleeve (5). One end of the second transverse bar (3112) is buried in the precast floor slab (3), and the other end extends out of the end of the precast floor slab (3) where the casting sleeve (5) is arranged. When two adjacent precast floor slabs (3) are spliced, the first transverse bar (3111) of the second precast floor slab (3) is inserted and connected in the casting sleeve (5) of the first precast floor slab (3). The floor slab steel bars (31) further include a plurality of reinforcing bone bars (313) arranged side by side. The precast floor slab (3) includes a concrete layer (301). Each of the reinforcing bone bars (313) includes a plurality of frame bone bars (314) arranged side by side. Adjacent two frame bone bars (314) are fixedly connected by a wavy first diagonal bar (315). Each frame bone bar (314) includes a first horizontal bar (3141) and a second horizontal bar (3142) arranged in parallel. The first horizontal bar (3141) and the second horizontal bar (3142) are connected by a wavy second diagonal bar (316). All of the first horizontal bar (3141) and part of the second diagonal bar (316) are buried in the concrete layer (301), so that each of the reinforcing bone bars (313) is partially buried in the concrete layer.

7. The building precast member system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The casting sleeve (5) and the beam and slab steel bars (21) are pre-embedded in the precast beam and slab (2). The casting sleeve (5) is pre-embedded near the end of the precast beam and slab (2). The beam and slab steel bars (21) extend out of the two end faces and the two side faces of the precast beam and slab (2). The casting sleeve (5) of the precast beam and slab (2) is used for the beam and slab steel bars (21) outside the end of the adjacent precast beam and slab (2) to be inserted and connected. A beam and slab exhaust hole (201) is also arranged at the pre-embedded part of the casting sleeve (5) of the precast beam and slab (2). One end of the casting sleeve (5) is flush with the end of the precast beam and slab (2), and the other end communicates with the beam and slab exhaust hole (201). When two adjacent precast beam and slabs (2) are spliced, the beam and slab steel bars (21) at one end of the precast beam and slab (2) are inserted and installed in the casting sleeve (5) of the adjacent precast beam and slab (2). The two sides of the precast beam and slab (2) are spliced with the precast floor slab (3) to form a second cast-in-place section (7) for casting concrete for connection.

8. An assembled building, characterized in that, It is assembled by using the building precast component system described in any one of claims 1-7, and includes precast columns (1), precast beam slabs (2) and precast floor slabs (3). The precast columns (1) are installed on the building foundation (4). Foundation steel bars (401) are anchored on the building foundation (4). The casting sleeves (5) of the precast columns (1) are sleeved and connected to the foundation steel bars (401). The precast columns (1) and the building foundation (4) are connected by casting through the on-site casting section (10) of the foundation between them. And the precast components including the precast beam slabs (2) and precast floor slabs (3) are spliced and installed on the precast columns (1) to form an assembled building.

9. The prefabricated building according to claim 8, wherein, Anti-floating anchor rods (41) are provided on the building foundation (4). The anti-floating anchor rods (41) are installed in pre-drilled anchor holes (402). A plurality of anchor bars (403) are arranged in the anchor holes (402). The plurality of anchor bars (403) are fixedly connected to the periphery of a fixed pipe (404). A positioning stirrup (405) is also connected to the plurality of anchor bars (403). The plurality of anchor bars (403) and the positioning stirrup (405) fixed by the fixed pipe (404) are integrally arranged in the anchor holes (402) and filled with concrete.

10. The prefabricated building according to claim 9, characterized in that, The top of the anti-floating anchor rod (41) sequentially passes through the foundation cushion (406) and the floor slab (409). The anchor bars (403) at the top of the anti-floating anchor rod (41) are bent into an L shape and embedded in the floor slab (409). And a foundation transverse bar (410) is connected to the anchor bars (403) bent into an L shape. The foundation steel bar (401) is fixedly connected to the foundation transverse bar (410). The foundation steel bar (401) is used to be inserted and connected into the casting sleeve (5) embedded in the precast column (1). A waterproof structure is also provided at the top of the anti-floating anchor rod (41). The waterproof structure includes an expansion water stop ring (407) sleeved on the outside of the anti-floating anchor rod (41), and a sealant layer (408) coated on the expansion water stop ring (407).

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