Rearrangement non-blocking framework for optical switch array
By adjusting the connection relationship of the optical switch array, a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture is designed, which solves the problems of poor optical crosstalk and energy equalization in the optical switch array, and realizes a low loss and high equality optical switch array architecture.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421607584.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-08
AI Technical Summary
The existing optical switch arrays have problems of optical crosstalk and poor energy equalization during the transmission of crosswaveguides, especially when the number of crosswaveguides between different paths increases, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the output optical signal and an increase in the requirements of the optical receiver.
Design a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture to reduce the number of cross junctions by adjusting the connection relationship of the Benes network, and adopt a specific connection method between optical switching units to form fewer cross junctions and better energy balance.
Low loss, low crosstalk and high energy equalization are achieved under the same scale of optical switch arrays, providing a better choice of optical switch array architecture.
Smart Images
Figure CN223182230U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of optical switch array architecture design, and particularly relates to a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array. Background Art
[0002] With the research on silicon optical chips by people, the structural scale of the optical switch array is getting larger and larger. Accordingly, the number of cross waveguides that light passes through between different transmission paths also increases. When light passes through the cross waveguides, certain optical crosstalk will be introduced, interfering with the quality of the output optical signal, making the original signal unrecognizable, and at the same time posing higher requirements on the optical transceiver. In addition, the deviation in the number of cross waveguides that light passes through between different transmission paths also increases. When light passes through the cross waveguides, a certain amount of energy will be lost, resulting in a worse energy balance between the output lights in different paths, with a large deviation in the upper and lower limits of the light intensity output on each path, posing higher requirements on the optical receiver. Therefore, people are paying more and more attention to the problem of optical crosstalk introduced by light passing through cross waveguides in the transmission path.
[0003] The prior art discloses a low-loss real-time monitoring non-blocking optical switching network and its construction method, in which a new real-time monitoring non-blocking optical switching network is formed by embedding an optical monitoring network inside a Benes network, involving a change in the connection architecture of the Benes network. However, the number of cross junctions is not reduced in this solution, thus the problem of the worse energy balance between the output lights in different paths is not solved.
[0004] Therefore, to solve the above technical problems, a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array is proposed. Summary of the Utility Model
[0005] The utility model proposes a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array. Compared with the traditional rearrangeable non-blocking BENES architecture, the rearrangeable non-blocking architecture has fewer cross junctions and a better deviation in the number of cross junctions between different transmission paths under the same scale of optical switch array.
[0006] To achieve the above technical effects, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
[0007] The first aspect of the present utility model provides a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array, including: M*N optical switch units, 2N optical signal transmitting ends and 2N optical signal receiving ends; each optical switch unit includes two input ends and two output ends, and the M*N optical switch units are arranged in M columns, each column includes N optical switch units, where M = 5 and N = 4; the 2N input ends of the optical switch units in the first column are connected to the 2N optical signal transmitting ends in a one-to-one correspondence, and the 2N output ends of the optical switch units in the Mth column are connected to the 2N optical signal receiving ends in a one-to-one correspondence; when m = 1, 2, the N optical switch units in the mth column are sequentially divided into 2^(m - 1) groups, the N optical switch units in the (m + 1)th column are sequentially divided into 2^m groups, the first output ends of the optical switch units in the qth group of the mth column are all connected to the input ends of the optical switch units in the (2q - 1)th group of the (m + 1)th column, and the second output ends of the optical switch units in the qth group of the mth column are all connected to the input ends of the optical switch units in the 2qth group of the (m + 1)th column, where q = 1, 2,..., 2^(m - 1); when m = 3, 4, the 2p output ends of any p optical switch units in the mth column are respectively and sequentially connected to the 2p input ends of at least p + 1 optical switch units in the (m + 1)th column; where p = 1, 2,..., N - 1, the connection relationship between the optical switch units in each column includes a first connection method, a second connection method and a third connection method, and the formed rearrangeable non-blocking architecture includes N*(2*N - 2 - (M - 1) / 2) - N / 2 cross junctions.
[0008] Further, the first connection method is: the first output end of the first optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the first input end of the first optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column, and the second output end of the first optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the first input end of the third optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column; when i = 2, the first output end of the ith optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the second input end of the (i - 1)th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column, and the second output end of the ith optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the second input end of the (i + 1)th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column; when i = 3, the first output end of the ith optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the first input end of the (i - 1)th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column, and the second output end of the ith optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the first input end of the (i + 1)th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column; the first output end of the Nth optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the second input end of the (N - 2)th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column, and the second output end of the Nth optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the second input end of the Nth optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column.
[0009] Further, the second connection method is as follows: the first output end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; the first output end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the first output end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, where i = 1, 2.
[0010] Further, the third connection method is as follows: the first output end of the first optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the first optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the first optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the second optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; when i = 2, 3, the first output end of the i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the (i + 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; the first output end of the N-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (N - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the N-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the N-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column.
[0011] Further, the first connection method is adopted between the optical switch units in the first column and the optical switch units in the second column, the second connection method is adopted between the optical switch units in the second column and the optical switch units in the third column, and the third connection method is adopted between each column from the third column to the M-th column of optical switch units.
[0012] Further, for the i-th optical switch unit in the first column, there is an optical switch unit j in the M-th column such that the number of crosspoints on the path between the optical switch unit i and the optical switch unit j is the least, and the calculation process of its crosspoints is: X = j - i, where i = 1 or i = N; there is an optical switch unit k in the M-th column such that the number of crosspoints on the path between the optical switch unit i and the optical switch unit k is the most, and the calculation process of its crosspoints is: Y = |i - k| + 5.
[0013] In the second aspect of the present utility model, a mirrored rearrangeable non-blocking architecture is provided. The 2N input ends of the optical switch units in the first column are connected to 2N optical signal receiving ends in a one-to-one correspondence. The 2N output ends of the optical switch units in the Mth column are connected to 2N optical signal transmitting ends in a one-to-one correspondence. Each input end of all the optical switch units is used as an output end, and each output end is used as an input end, so as to obtain the mirrored rearrangeable non-blocking architecture. This architecture also includes N*(2*N - 2 - (M - 1) / 2) - N / 2 crosspoints.
[0014] In the third aspect of the present utility model, a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture is provided, which includes: a first sub-architecture and a second sub-architecture. Both the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture include Q M*N rearrangeable non-blocking architectures. When Q = 1, the M*N rearrangeable non-blocking architecture is the rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for the optical switch array. It also includes 4Q*N optical switch units, 4Q*N optical signal transmitting ends, and 4Q*N optical signal receiving ends. The first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture form an intermediate-stage interconnection architecture. Among them, the 4Q*N input ends of 2Q*N optical switch units are connected to 4Q*N optical signal transmitting ends in a one-to-one correspondence and serve as the input-stage interconnection architecture of the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture. The 4Q*N output ends of the remaining 2Q*N optical switch units are connected to 4Q*N optical signal receiving ends in a one-to-one correspondence and serve as the output-stage interconnection architecture of the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture.
[0015] Further, the optical switch units constituting the input-stage interconnection architecture are used as the 0th column, and the optical switch units constituting the output-stage interconnection architecture are used as the (M + 1)th column. In the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture, the input ends of the xth optical switch unit in the first column are respectively connected to the output ends of the (2x - 1)th optical switch unit and the 2xth optical switch unit in the 0th column; the output ends of the xth optical switch unit in the Mth column are respectively connected to the input ends of the (2x - 1)th optical switch unit and the 2xth optical switch unit in the (M + 1)th column; where x = 1, 2,..., N.
[0016] Further, when Q = 2, 4, 8, 16..., both the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture include Q M*N rearrangeable non-blocking architectures, 2Q*N optical switch units serving as the input-stage interconnection architecture, and 2Q*N optical switch units serving as the output-stage interconnection architecture.
[0017] The present utility model proposes a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array. By adjusting the connection relationship of the Benes network, an optical switch array is constructed. Compared with the traditional BENES architecture, while having the same number of switching units and the characteristics of rearrangeability and non-blocking, under the same scale of the optical switch array, it has fewer cross-junctions, and the deviation of the number of cross-junctions between different transmission paths is also better. Therefore, it has advantages such as low loss, low crosstalk, and high equalization, providing a better architecture choice for the optical switch array in the field of planar optical switch communication. Description of the Drawings
[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array proposed by the present utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the specific element connection of an optical switch unit adopted in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the numbering of optical switch units in a 4×4 scale rearrangeable non-blocking architecture in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a mirrored rearrangeable non-blocking architecture in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the comparison of cross-junctions with the traditional BENES architecture in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing a 16×16 scale rearrangeable non-blocking architecture in an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0024] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing an N×N scale rearrangeable non-blocking architecture in an embodiment of the present utility model. Detailed Embodiment
[0025] The drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limitations on this patent;
[0026] For better illustration of this embodiment, some parts of the drawings are omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual size. Descriptions of directions such as "upper" and "lower" are not limitations on this patent;
[0027] For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known content descriptions in the drawings may be omitted;
[0028] The terms used to describe the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limitations on this patent;
[0029] The technical solution of the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0030] First, the terms used in the present utility model are explained:
[0031] Embodiment 1
[0032] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment proposes a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array, including: M*N optical switch units, 2N optical signal transmitting ends and 2N optical signal receiving ends; each optical switch unit includes two input ends and two output ends, and the M*N optical switch units are arranged in M columns, each column includes N optical switch units, where M = 5 and N = 4; the 2N input ends of the optical switch units in the first column are connected to the 2N optical signal transmitting ends in one-to-one correspondence, and the 2N output ends of the optical switch units in the Mth column are connected to the 2N optical signal receiving ends in one-to-one correspondence; when m = 1, 2, the N optical switch units in the mth column are sequentially divided into 2^(m - 1) groups, the N optical switch units in the (m + 1)th column are sequentially divided into 2^m groups, the first output ends of the qth group of optical switch units in the mth column are all connected to the input ends of the (2q - 1)th group of optical switch units in the (m + 1)th column, and the second output ends of the qth group of optical switch units in the mth column are all connected to the input ends of the 2qth group of optical switch units in the (m + 1)th column, where q = 1, 2,..., 2^(m - 1); when m = 3, 4, the 2p output ends of any p optical switch units in the mth column are respectively and individually connected to the 2p input ends of at least p + 1 optical switch units in the (m + 1)th column; where p = 1, 2,..., N - 1, the connection relationship between the optical switch units in each column includes a first connection method, a second connection method and a third connection method, and the formed rearrangeable non-blocking architecture includes N*(2*N - 2 - (M - 1) / 2) - N / 2 cross junctions.
[0033] In this embodiment, as Figure 5As shown, the number of cross junctions in the 8×8 reconfigurable non-blocking architecture is 14, where 8×8 refers to 8 optical signal transmitting ends and 8 optical signal receiving ends. According to the above technical features, the deviation in the number of cross junctions between all different links is within 6; while the traditional 8×8 BENES architecture has a total of 16 cross junctions, and the deviation in the number of cross junctions between all different links is within 8. Therefore, compared with the traditional 8×8 BENES architecture, the 8×8 architecture proposed by the present utility model has fewer cross junctions, less deviation in the number of cross junctions on different links, and less deviation in the number of waveguide cross junctions passed between output links. Therefore, to a certain extent, the optical crosstalk caused by waveguide crossing is reduced, and because the deviation in the number of waveguide cross junctions passed between output links is also small, the energy between the output lights is also more balanced to a certain extent, and the balance of the output light energy is also more excellent.
[0034] It should be noted that the optical switch unit used is as Figure 2 shown. Each optical switch unit includes two optical input ends and two optical output ends, which are respectively marked as I1 (In-1) and I2 (In-2), O1 (Out-1) and O2 (Out-2). The optical signal is input from I1 and I2, and after passing through the first 3dB coupler, the phase shifter, and the second 3dB coupler in sequence, it is output from O1 and O2.
[0035] The first connection method is as follows: the first output end of the first optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the first optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the first optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the third optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; when i = 2, the first output end of the i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (i + 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; when i = 3, the first output end of the i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the (i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the (i + 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; the first output end of the N-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (N - 2)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the N-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the N-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column.
[0036] The second connection method is as follows: the first output end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; the first output end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the first output end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, where i = 1, 2.
[0037] The third connection method is as follows: the first output end of the 1st optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the 1st optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the 1st optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the 2nd optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; when i = 2, 3, the first output end of the i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the (i + 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; the first output end of the N-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (N - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the N-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the N-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column.
[0038] The first connection method is adopted between the optical switch units in the 1st column and the optical switch units in the 2nd column, the second connection method is adopted between the optical switch units in the 2nd column and the optical switch units in the 3rd column, and the third connection method is adopted between each column from the 3rd column to the M-th column of optical switch units.
[0039] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 shown, first, the optical switch units in the 8×8 reconfigurable non-blocking architecture are numbered. The optical switch units are numbered in the order of mn, where m ∈ {1, 2,..., 5} and n ∈ {1, 2,..., 4}; the optical signal transmitting ends I1 to I8 are sequentially connected to the input ends of the optical switch units 11, 12, 13, 14 in the 1st column, and the optical signal receiving ends O1 to O8 are sequentially connected to the output ends of the optical switch units 51, 52, 53, 54 in the 5th column.
[0040] The output terminals of the optical switch unit 11 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 21 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 23, and the output terminals of the optical switch unit 12 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 21 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 23; the output terminals of the optical switch unit 13 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 22 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 24, and the output terminals of the optical switch unit 14 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 22 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 24.
[0041] The output terminals and input terminals among the optical switch unit 21, the optical switch unit 22, the optical switch unit 31 and the optical switch unit 32 are interconnected with each other; the output terminals and input terminals among the optical switch unit 23, the optical switch unit 24, the optical switch unit 33 and the optical switch unit 34 are interconnected with each other.
[0042] The output terminals of the optical switch unit 31 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 41 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 42, the output terminals of the optical switch unit 32 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 41 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 43, the output terminals of the optical switch unit 33 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 42 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 44, and the output terminals of the optical switch unit 34 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 43 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 44; the output terminals of the optical switch unit 41 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 51 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 52, the output terminals of the optical switch unit 42 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 51 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 53, the output terminals of the optical switch unit 43 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 52 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 54, and the output terminals of the optical switch unit 44 are respectively connected to the input terminals of the optical switch unit 53 and the input terminals of the optical switch unit 54.
[0043] According to the above technical features, one of the preferred embodiments of the rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for the optical switch array of the present utility model is obtained.
[0044] In this embodiment, based on the above content, for the i-th optical switch unit in the first column, there is an optical switch unit j in the M-th column, such that the number of cross junctions on the path between the optical switch unit i and the optical switch unit j is the least, and the calculation process of its cross junctions is: X = j - i, where i = 1 or i = N; there is an optical switch unit k in the M-th column, such that the number of cross junctions on the path between the optical switch unit i and the optical switch unit k is the most, and the calculation process of its cross junctions is: Y = |i - k| + 5.
[0045] As Figure 5As shown, taking the optical switch unit 11 as an example, the optical signal transmitting ends I1 and I2 are respectively connected to the optical switch unit 11, forming a link path with the fewest number of cross junctions, the number of which is 0; and a link path with the most number of cross junctions, the number of which is 6.
[0046] It should be noted that the definition of the rearrangeable non-blocking architecture involved in the above content is: regardless of the state of the architecture, at any time, a connection can be directly established in the switching architecture or a link can be reselected for an existing connection as long as the starting point and the ending point of this connection are idle, without affecting the connections already established in the architecture. In other words, as long as it is proved that when N different signals are input in a specific order in an N*N scale architecture, by changing the switch states of each switch unit in the architecture, the N output channels can achieve any permutation and combination, it can be proved that the N*N scale architecture has the characteristics of rearrangeable non-blocking.
[0047] For the rearrangeable non-blocking architecture described in the present invention, its rearrangeable non-blocking characteristics can be proved by running an algorithm program on a computer.
[0048] According to the above technical features, compared with the traditional rearrangeable non-blocking BENES architecture, the present invention has fewer cross junctions under the same scale of optical switch array, and the deviation of the number of cross junctions between different transmission paths is also better. Therefore, it has advantages such as low loss, low crosstalk, and high equalization, providing a better architecture choice for the optical switch array in the field of planar optical switch communication.
[0049] Embodiment 2
[0050] Based on the algorithm program described in Embodiment 1, on the premise that the 8*8 scale rearrangeable non-blocking architecture described in the present invention is left-right asymmetric, the mirrored 8*8 scale architecture is also a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture.
[0051] Therefore, based on the above Embodiment 1, the 2N input ends of the optical switch units in the first column are connected to 2N optical signal receiving ends in one-to-one correspondence, the 2N output ends of the optical switch units in the Mth column are connected to 2N optical signal transmitting ends in one-to-one correspondence, and each input end of all the optical switch units is used as an output end, and each output end is used as an input end, obtaining the mirrored rearrangeable non-blocking architecture, which also includes N*(2*N - 2 - (M - 1) / 2) - N / 2 cross junctions.
[0052] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, when M = 5 and N = 4, the number of its cross junctions is also 14. Adopting the same optical switch unit numbering rule as in Embodiment 1, the specific connection relationship of the mirrored 8*8 scale rearrangeable non-blocking architecture is as follows:
[0053] The optical signal transmitting ends I1 to I8 are sequentially connected to the input ends of the first column of optical switch units 11, 12, 13, and 14, and the optical signal receiving ends O1 to O8 are sequentially connected to the output ends of the fifth column of optical switch units 51, 52, 53, and 54.
[0054] The output end of the optical switch unit 11 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 21 and the input end of the optical switch unit 22, and the output end of the optical switch unit 12 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 21 and the input end of the optical switch unit 23; the output end of the optical switch unit 13 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 22 and the input end of the optical switch unit 24, and the output end of the optical switch unit 14 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 23 and the input end of the optical switch unit 24.
[0055] The output end of the optical switch unit 21 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 31 and the input end of the optical switch unit 32, and the output end of the optical switch unit 22 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 31 and the input end of the optical switch unit 33; the output end of the optical switch unit 23 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 32 and the input end of the optical switch unit 34, and the output end of the optical switch unit 24 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 33 and the input end of the optical switch unit 34.
[0056] The output ends and input ends among the optical switch units 31, 32, 41, and 42 are interconnected with each other; the output ends and input ends among the optical switch units 33, 34, 43, and 44 are interconnected with each other.
[0057] The output end of the optical switch unit 41 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 51 and the input end of the optical switch unit 52, the output end of the optical switch unit 42 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 54 and the input end of the optical switch unit 55, the output end of the optical switch unit 43 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 51 and the input end of the optical switch unit 52, and the output end of the optical switch unit 44 is respectively connected to the input end of the optical switch unit 53 and the input end of the optical switch unit 54.
[0058] According to the above content, the architecture of the present utility model conforms to the architecture with rearrangeable non-blocking characteristics, and its mirror image architecture also conforms to the rearrangeable non-blocking characteristics.
[0059] Embodiment 3
[0060] Based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, combined with Figure 6 and Figure 7, this embodiment elaborates in detail the rearrangeable non-blocking architecture greater than the 8×8 scale, which is further expanded based on the 8×8 scale rearrangeable non-blocking architecture of the present utility model, and its specific connection method.
[0061] As Figure 7 shown, the rearrangeable non-blocking architecture greater than the 8×8 scale described in this embodiment includes: a first sub-architecture and a second sub-architecture. Both the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture include Q M×N rearrangeable non-blocking architectures. When Q = 1, the M×N rearrangeable non-blocking architecture is the rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for the optical switch array. It also includes 4Q×N optical switch units, 4Q×N optical signal transmitting ends, and 4Q×N optical signal receiving ends. The first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture form an intermediate-level interconnection architecture. Among them, the 4Q×N input ends of 2Q×N optical switch units are connected to the 4Q×N optical signal transmitting ends in one-to-one correspondence and serve as the input-level interconnection architecture of the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture. The 4Q×N output ends of the remaining 2Q×N optical switch units are connected to the 4Q×N optical signal receiving ends in one-to-one correspondence and serve as the output-level interconnection architecture of the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture.
[0062] The optical switch units constituting the input-level interconnection architecture are used as the 0th column, and the optical switch units constituting the output-level interconnection architecture are used as the (M + 1)th column. In the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture, the input ends of the xth optical switch unit in the 1st column are respectively connected to the output ends of the (2x - 1)th optical switch unit and the 2xth optical switch unit in the 0th column; the output ends of the xth optical switch unit in the Mth column are respectively connected to the input ends of the (2x - 1)th optical switch unit and the 2xth optical switch unit in the (M + 1)th column; where x = 1, 2,..., N.
[0063] In this embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, when Q = 1, M = 5, and N = 4, both the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture are the 8×8 scale rearrangeable non-blocking architectures in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. The optical switch units of the input-level interconnection architecture are numbered according to the same numbering rule as optical switch units 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08 respectively; the optical switch units of the output-level interconnection architecture are numbered according to the same numbering rule as: optical switch units 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68. Then the connection relationships between the input-level interconnection architecture and the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture, and between the first sub-architecture, the second sub-architecture and the output-level interconnection architecture are as follows:
[0064] The output terminals of optical switch unit 01 are respectively connected to the input terminals of optical switch unit 11 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 11 in the second sub-architecture. The output terminals of optical switch unit 02 are respectively connected to the input terminals of optical switch unit 11 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 11 in the second sub-architecture.
[0065] The output terminals of optical switch unit 03 are respectively connected to the input terminals of optical switch unit 12 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 12 in the second sub-architecture. The output terminals of optical switch unit 04 are respectively connected to the input terminals of optical switch unit 12 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 12 in the second sub-architecture.
[0066] The output terminals of optical switch unit 05 are respectively connected to the input terminals of optical switch unit 13 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 13 in the second sub-architecture. The output terminals of optical switch unit 06 are respectively connected to the input terminals of optical switch unit 13 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 13 in the second sub-architecture.
[0067] The output terminals of optical switch unit 07 are respectively connected to the input terminals of optical switch unit 14 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 14 in the second sub-architecture. The output terminals of optical switch unit 08 are respectively connected to the input terminals of optical switch unit 14 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 14 in the second sub-architecture.
[0068] Similarly, the input terminals of optical switch unit 61 are respectively connected to the output terminals of optical switch unit 51 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 51 in the second sub-architecture. The input terminals of optical switch unit 62 are respectively connected to the output terminals of optical switch unit 51 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 51 in the second sub-architecture.
[0069] The input terminals of optical switch unit 63 are respectively connected to the output terminals of optical switch unit 52 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 52 in the second sub-architecture. The input terminals of optical switch unit 64 are respectively connected to the output terminals of optical switch unit 52 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 52 in the second sub-architecture.
[0070] The input terminals of optical switch unit 65 are respectively connected to the output terminals of optical switch unit 53 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 53 in the second sub-architecture. The input terminals of optical switch unit 66 are respectively connected to the output terminals of optical switch unit 53 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 53 in the second sub-architecture.
[0071] The input terminals of optical switch unit 67 are respectively connected to the output terminals of optical switch unit 54 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 54 in the second sub-architecture. The input terminals of optical switch unit 68 are respectively connected to the output terminals of optical switch unit 54 in the first sub-architecture and optical switch unit 54 in the second sub-architecture.
[0072] Thus, an architecture with a scale of 16×16 is obtained. According to the algorithm program in Embodiment 1, it can be concluded that the architecture with a scale of 16×16 also conforms to the rearrangeable non-blocking characteristic.
[0073] It should be noted that the traditional BENES architecture with a scale of 16×16 is built from two traditional BENES architectures with a scale of 8×8 and another 16 switching units; while the architecture with a scale of 16×16 proposed by the present utility model is built from two architectures with a scale of 8×8 proposed in Embodiment 1 of the present utility model and another 16 switching units. In contrast, the architecture with a scale of 16×16 proposed by the present utility model conforms to the CLOS architecture (CLOS is a method of using multiple small-scale units to construct a complex, large-scale non-blocking architecture). Therefore, it can be known that the architecture with a scale of 16×16 proposed by the present utility model has the rearrangeable non-blocking characteristic.
[0074] In addition, as Figure 6 shown, the traditional BENES architecture with a scale of 16×16 has a total of 88 crosspoints, and the deviation in the number of crosspoints between all different links is within 22. While the architecture with a scale of 16×16 proposed by the present utility model has a total of 84 crosspoints, and the deviation in the number of crosspoints between all different links is within 19. Having fewer crosspoints means that the deviation in the number of crosspoints on different links is also less, and the balance of the output optical energy is also more excellent.
[0075] In this embodiment, on the other hand, when Q = 2, 4, 8, 16..., both the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture include Q M×N rearrangeable non-blocking architectures, 2Q×N optical switch units as input-stage interconnection architectures, and 2Q×N optical switch units as output-stage interconnection architectures.
[0076] According to the above technical features, taking the above-mentioned rearrangeable non-blocking architecture with a scale of 16×16 as the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture, and expanding its input-stage interconnection architecture and output-stage interconnection architecture in the same way, a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture with a scale of 32×32 can be obtained.
[0077] When Q = 4, taking the above-mentioned rearrangeable non-blocking architecture with a scale of 32×32 as the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture, and expanding its input-stage interconnection architecture and output-stage interconnection architecture in the same way, a rearrangeable non-blocking architecture with a scale of 64×64 can be obtained.
[0078] By analogy, each level of the obtained rearrangeable non-blocking architecture can be used as the sub-architecture of the next-level rearrangeable non-blocking architecture. Its architecture has the rearrangeable non-blocking characteristic and can all be proved by calculation through the algorithm program described in Embodiment 1.
[0079] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present utility model are only examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, rather than limitations on the implementation manners of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or alterations can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array, characterized in that, It includes: M*N optical switch units, 2N optical signal transmitting ends and 2N optical signal receiving ends; each optical switch unit includes two input ends and two output ends, and the M*N optical switch units are arranged in M columns, with each column including N optical switch units, where M = 5 and N = 4; The 2N input ends of the optical switch units in the first column are connected to the 2N optical signal transmitting ends in a one-to-one correspondence, and the 2N output ends of the optical switch units in the Mth column are connected to the 2N optical signal receiving ends in a one-to-one correspondence; When m = 1, 2, the N optical switch units in the mth column are sequentially divided into 2^(m - 1) groups, the N optical switch units in the (m + 1)th column are sequentially divided into 2^m groups, the first output ends of the qth group of optical switch units in the mth column are all connected to the input ends of the (2q - 1)th group of optical switch units in the (m + 1)th column, and the second output ends of the qth group of optical switch units in the mth column are all connected to the input ends of the 2qth group of optical switch units in the (m + 1)th column, where q = 1, 2,..., 2^(m - 1); When m = 3, 4, the 2p output ends of any p optical switch units in the mth column are respectively and one by one connected to the 2p input ends of at least p + 1 optical switch units in the (m + 1)th column; where p = 1, 2,..., N - 1, the connection relationship between the optical switch units in each column includes a first connection method, a second connection method and a third connection method, where m = 1, 2,..., M - 1, and the formed rearrangeable non-blocking architecture includes N*(2*N - 2 - (M - 1) / 2) - N / 2 crosspoints.
2. The rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first connection method is: The first output end of the first optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the first input end of the first optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column, and the second output end of the first optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the first input end of the third optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column; When i = 2, the first output end of the ith optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the second input end of the (i - 1)th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column, and the second output end of the ith optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the second input end of the (i + 1)th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column; When i = 3, the first output end of the ith optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the first input end of the (i - 1)th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)th column, and the second output end of the ith optical switch unit in the mth column is connected to the first input end of the (i + 1)th optical switch unit in the (m + 3. The rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array according to claim 1, wherein The first output end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; the first output end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (2i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the first output end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the 2i-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, where i = 1, 2.
4. A rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array according to claim 1, characterized in that The third connection method is as follows: The first output end of the first optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the first optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the first optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the second optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; When i = 2, 3, the first output end of the i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (i - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the i-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the first input end of the (i + 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column; The first output end of the N-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the (N - 1)-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column, and the second output end of the N-th optical switch unit in the m-th column is connected to the second input end of the N-th optical switch unit in the (m + 1)-th column.
5. A rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The first connection method is adopted between the optical switch units in the first column and the optical switch units in the second column, the second connection method is adopted between the optical switch units in the second column and the optical switch units in the third column, and the third connection method is adopted between each column from the third column to the M-th column of optical switch units.
6. The rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array according to claim 5, characterized in that, For the i-th optical switch unit in the first column, there is an optical switch unit j in the M-th column such that the number of cross junctions on the path between the optical switch unit i and the optical switch unit j is the least, and the calculation process of its cross junctions is: X = j - i, where i = 1 or i = N; There is a k-th optical switch unit in the M-th column such that the number of cross junctions on the path between the optical switch unit i and the optical switch unit k is the most, and the calculation process of its cross junctions is: Y = |i - k| + 5.
7. A rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array according to claim 6, characterized in that, The 2N input ends of the optical switch units in the first column are connected in one-to-one correspondence with 2N optical signal receiving ends, the 2N output ends of the optical switch units in the M-th column are connected in one-to-one correspondence with 2N optical signal transmitting ends, and each input end of all the optical switch units is used as an output end, and each output end is used as an input end to obtain the mirrored rearrangeable non-blocking architecture, which also includes N*(2*N - 2 - (M - 1) / 2) - N / 2 cross junctions.
8. A rearrangeable non-blocking architecture, characterized in that, It includes: a first sub-architecture and a second sub-architecture. Both the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture include Q M*N rearrangeable non-blocking architectures. When Q = 1, the M*N rearrangeable non-blocking architecture is the rearrangeable non-blocking architecture for an optical switch array as described in any one of claims 1-7. It also includes 4Q*N optical switch units, 4Q*N optical signal transmitting ends, and 4Q*N optical signal receiving ends. The first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture form an intermediate-level interconnection architecture, where the 4Q*N input ends of 2Q*N optical switch units are connected to the 4Q*N optical signal transmitting ends in a one-to-one correspondence and serve as the input-level interconnection architecture of the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture. The 4Q*N output ends of the remaining 2Q*N optical switch units are connected to the 4Q*N optical signal receiving ends in a one-to-one correspondence and serve as the output-level interconnection architecture of the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture.
9. The rearrangeable non-blocking architecture according to claim 8, wherein The optical switch units constituting the input-level interconnection architecture are used as the 0th column, and the optical switch units constituting the output-level interconnection architecture are used as the (M + 1)th column. In the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture, the input ends of the xth optical switch unit in the 1st column are respectively connected to the output ends of the (2x - 1)th optical switch unit and the 2xth optical switch unit in the 0th column; the output ends of the xth optical switch unit in the Mth column are respectively connected to the input ends of the (2x - 1)th optical switch unit and the 2xth optical switch unit in the (M + 1)th column; where x = 1, 2,..., N.
10. The rearrangeable non-blocking architecture according to claim 9, characterized in that, When Q = 2, 4, 8, 16, both the first sub-architecture and the second sub-architecture include Q M*N rearrangeable non-blocking architectures, 2Q*N optical switch units serving as the input-level interconnection architecture, and 2Q*N optical switch units serving as the output-level interconnection architecture.