Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic array

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic array, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics. The utility model provides a photovoltaic module which comprises a plurality of battery units connected in series, and each battery unit comprises at least one battery piece; and a plurality of first negative temperature coefficient resistors, wherein each first negative temperature coefficient resistor is connected in parallel with each battery unit. According to the photovoltaic module, when at least one battery piece in the battery units is shielded, the temperature of the shielded battery piece is increased, the temperature of the corresponding battery unit is increased, and the resistance value of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor is reduced along with the temperature rise until the resistance value is smaller than the total resistance value of the corresponding battery unit; the first negative temperature coefficient resistor can bypass the battery units connected in parallel with the first negative temperature coefficient resistor, and only bypasses the battery units connected in parallel with the first negative temperature coefficient resistor, so that the influence on the generating capacity of normal battery pieces is reduced, and the loss of the generating capacity of the photovoltaic module is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular relates to a photovoltaic component and a photovoltaic array. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are the primary equipment for photovoltaic power generation, and their power generation directly impacts the overall output revenue of the power plant. The cells within a photovoltaic module are connected in series. If the power generation of some cells is reduced due to environmental factors, the power generation of the entire module will also be reduced due to the "barrel effect," resulting in a loss of power generation for the photovoltaic module. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a photovoltaic module and photovoltaic array to prevent the power generation of multiple normal cells from being affected by the obstruction of a small number of cells, thereby reducing the loss of power generation of the photovoltaic module.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly, comprising:

[0005] A plurality of battery cells connected in series, each battery cell comprising at least one battery cell;

[0006] A plurality of first negative temperature coefficient resistors are provided, each of which is connected in parallel to each battery cell.

[0007] According to the photovoltaic module of the present application, when at least one battery cell in a battery unit is blocked, the temperature of the blocked battery cell rises, and the temperature of the corresponding battery unit rises. The resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor decreases as the temperature rises until it is less than the total resistance of the corresponding battery unit. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor can bypass the battery unit connected in parallel with it, and the current flowing through the battery unit where the blocked battery cell is located can be transmitted through the first negative temperature coefficient resistor. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor only bypasses the battery unit connected in parallel with it, reducing the impact on the power generation of normal battery cells and reducing the loss of power generation of the photovoltaic module.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present application, each battery unit includes a battery cell, and each battery cell is connected in parallel with each first negative temperature coefficient resistor in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present application, a battery unit includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and each battery unit is connected in parallel with a corresponding first negative temperature coefficient resistor.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present application, a photovoltaic module includes multiple columns of battery cells, and the battery cells in each column form multiple battery cells. The photovoltaic module has a first side and a second side relative to each other in the column direction. Each battery cell close to the first side includes one battery cell, and each battery cell close to the second side includes multiple battery cells connected in series.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present application, the photovoltaic module also includes a plurality of bypass units, each bypass unit is connected in parallel with a battery string, the battery string includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and each bypass unit is configured to bypass when the temperature of at least one battery cell in the corresponding battery string exceeds the normal operating temperature range and the corresponding first negative temperature coefficient resistor is in a failure state.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present application, the bypass unit includes a diode.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present application, the bypass unit includes a second negative temperature coefficient resistor, and the second negative temperature coefficient resistor is connected in parallel with the battery string.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present application, the photovoltaic module includes multiple columns of cells, two adjacent columns of cells are connected in series and in parallel with bypass units, and each bypass unit is arranged in series on one side of the cell in the column direction.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present application, the battery cell includes a stacked first electrode, an N-type semiconductor, a P-type semiconductor, and a second electrode, a PN junction is formed between the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor, a first end of a first negative temperature coefficient resistor is connected to the first electrode, and a second end of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor is connected to the second electrode.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic array, which includes the aforementioned photovoltaic components.

[0017] According to the photovoltaic array of the present application, when at least one battery cell in a battery unit is blocked, the temperature of the blocked battery cell rises, and the temperature of the corresponding battery unit rises. The resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor decreases as the temperature rises until it is less than the total resistance of the corresponding battery unit. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor can bypass the battery unit connected in parallel with it, and the current flowing through the battery unit where the blocked battery cell is located can be transmitted through the first negative temperature coefficient resistor. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor only bypasses the battery unit connected in parallel with it, reducing the impact on the power generation of normal battery cells and reducing the loss of power generation of the photovoltaic module.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module structure in the related art;

[0021] Figure 2 This is one of the structural diagrams of the photovoltaic assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 This is one of the equivalent circuit diagrams of the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 This is the second equivalent circuit diagram of the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 This is the third equivalent circuit diagram of the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 This is the second structural diagram of the photovoltaic assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 This is the third structural diagram of the photovoltaic assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 8 This is the fourth structural diagram of the photovoltaic assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 9 This is the fifth structural diagram of the photovoltaic assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 10 This is the sixth structural diagram of the photovoltaic assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Reference numerals:

[0032] A first electrode 10 , an N-type semiconductor 20 , a P-type semiconductor 30 , a second electrode 40 , a battery cell P, first to second negative temperature coefficient resistors R1 - R2 , first to third internal resistors Rs1 - Rs3 , and a diode D. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

[0034] In the following description, a "circuit" refers to a conductive loop consisting of at least one element or subcircuit connected electrically or electromagnetically. When an element or circuit is said to be "coupled to" or "connected to" another element, or when an element / circuit is said to be "coupled to" or "connected between" two nodes, it can be directly coupled or connected to the other element or there can be intervening elements. The connection between the elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. Conversely, when an element is said to be "directly coupled to" or "directly connected to" another element, it means that there are no intervening elements between the two elements.

[0035] In the description, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, not to describe a particular order or precedence. It should be understood that the numerical descriptors used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein, and that the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc. are generally of a class and do not limit the number of objects; for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, the term "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects connected are in an "or" relationship.

[0036] In addition, descriptions with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the exemplary expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0037] Photovoltaic modules are the primary equipment for photovoltaic power generation, and their power generation directly impacts the overall revenue of a power plant. In actual applications, the close spacing between front and rear rows of modules, proximity to exhaust vents, or dust accumulation on the module surface can cause partial shading or hot spots on some cells. Because the cells within a photovoltaic module are connected in series, if these cells are partially shading or have hot spots, the power generation of the entire module will be reduced due to the "barrel effect."

[0038] Reference Figure 1In order to solve the problem of reduced power generation of photovoltaic modules due to shading or hot spots of solar cells, in related technologies, a bypass diode is configured between every two strings of solar cells. When a solar cell at a certain position is blocked and is in a hot spot state, the diode of the substring where the solar cell is located will be turned on, bypassing the entire substring to ensure that the remaining substrings continue to generate electricity. However, in actual application scenarios, usually only a few solar cells are blocked or have hot spots. Bypassing the entire substring will affect the power generation of multiple normal components, resulting in a loss of power generation of the photovoltaic module.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 One embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a plurality of battery cells connected in series and a plurality of first negative temperature coefficient resistors. The battery cells include at least one battery cell, and each first negative temperature coefficient resistor is connected in parallel with each battery cell.

[0040] The resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 decreases as the temperature increases. When the battery cell P is shielded, the temperature increases, and accordingly, the resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 connected in parallel with the battery cell where the battery cell is located decreases.

[0041] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 The figure shows the equivalent circuit of a solar cell P under illumination. Under strong illumination, the charge within solar cell P freely moves due to the photoelectric effect, generating current. Solar cell P can be equivalent to a constant current source Pv, generating a current of Ipv. At this point, the internal resistance of solar cell P is equivalent to the first internal resistance Rs1, with Rs1 approximately 0. At this point, the resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 is relatively large. Solar cell P generates current due to the photoelectric effect, which is transmitted through the first internal resistance Rs1 to other solar cells P connected in series with it. All solar cells P operate normally, and the generated electrical energy is collected and output in series. At this point, the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1, due to its higher resistance relative to the internal resistance of solar cell P, barely participates in current distribution and has little impact on system performance.

[0042] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 4The figure shows the equivalent circuit of a cell P when it is partially blocked. When the cell P is partially blocked, the internal resistance of the unblocked portion is approximately 0, and the internal resistance of the blocked portion can be equivalent to a second internal resistance Rs2. The more blocked the portion, the greater the internal resistance of the cell P. In this case, the second internal resistance Rs2 can be several hundred milliohms to several thousand milliohms. The current generated by the other cells P connected in series with the partially blocked cell P flows through the second internal resistance Rs2, generating a large amount of heat, causing the temperature of the cell P to rise. The resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 decreases to less than the second internal resistance Rs2, and the current generated by the other cells P connected in series with the partially blocked cell P is transmitted through the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1. The partially blocked cell P is bypassed by the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 connected in parallel with it.

[0043] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 5 The figure shows the equivalent circuit of a cell P when it is completely blocked. When the cell P is completely blocked, the electrons inside it do not move. At this time, the resistance inside the cell P can be equivalent to the third internal resistance Rs3, which can be infinite. The diode in the equivalent circuit is reverse-blocked. The current generated by other cells P connected in series with the completely blocked cell P flows through the third internal resistance Rs3, generating a large amount of heat, causing the temperature of the cell P to rise. The resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 is smaller than the third internal resistance Rs3. The current generated by other cells P connected in series with the completely blocked cell P is transmitted through the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1, and the completely blocked cell P is bypassed by the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 connected in parallel with it.

[0044] The photovoltaic module includes multiple battery cells connected in series. When a battery cell P at any position is blocked, the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 connected in parallel with the battery cell where it is located will bypass the corresponding battery cell, and the other battery cells can still operate normally, thereby avoiding the power generation of multiple normal battery cells P being affected by the blocking of a small number of battery cells P.

[0045] As an example, each battery unit includes a battery cell P. When each battery cell P is working normally, the resistance of the internal resistance may be several milliohms. For example, when each battery cell P is working normally, the resistance of the internal resistance may be 5mΩ, 6mΩ or 8mΩ. At this time, the temperature of the battery cell P is relatively low, and the resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 is as high as thousands of ohms. When each battery cell P is partially blocked, the resistance of the internal resistance may be from several hundred milliohms to several thousand milliohms. For example, when each battery cell P is partially blocked, the resistance of the internal resistance may be from 500mΩ, 600mΩ or 700mΩ. When the temperature of the battery cell rises, the resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 drops to a few milliohms. For example, the resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 drops to 2mΩ, 5mΩ or 10mΩ. At this time, the resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 is less than the resistance of the internal resistor when the battery cell P is partially blocked. The current generated by other battery cells P connected in series with the partially blocked battery cell P is transmitted through the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1, and the partially blocked battery cell P is bypassed by the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 connected in parallel with it.

[0046] According to the photovoltaic module of the present application, when at least one battery cell P in a battery unit is blocked, the temperature of the blocked battery cell P increases, and the temperature of the corresponding battery unit increases. The resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 decreases as the temperature increases until it is less than the total resistance of the corresponding battery unit. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 can bypass the battery unit connected in parallel with it, and the current flowing through the battery unit where the blocked battery cell P is located can be transmitted through the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 only bypasses the battery unit connected in parallel with it, reducing the impact on the power generation of the normal battery cell P and reducing the loss of power generation of the photovoltaic module.

[0047] Reference Figure 6 In some embodiments, each battery unit includes a battery cell P, and each battery cell P is connected in parallel with each first negative temperature coefficient resistor in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0048] Each solar cell P is connected in parallel with a first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1. When any solar cell P is blocked, the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 connected in parallel with it can bypass it. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 only bypasses the blocked solar cell P, while the operation of other solar cells P is not affected, thereby reducing the loss of power generation of the photovoltaic module.

[0049] Continue to refer to Figure 2 In some embodiments, the battery unit includes a plurality of battery cells P connected in series, and each battery unit is connected in parallel with a corresponding first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1.

[0050] The specific number of battery cells P in a battery unit can be selected according to the actual application scenario. The number of battery cells P in each battery unit can be the same or different, and is not limited here.

[0051] Reference Figure 7 As an example, the number of battery cells P included in each battery cell may be different. For example, the first battery cell may include two battery cells P connected in series, and the second battery cell may include four battery cells P connected in series. Each battery cell is connected in parallel with a first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1.

[0052] A battery cell includes multiple battery cells P connected in series. When at least one battery cell P in the battery cell is blocked, the temperature of the battery cell rises. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 can bypass the battery cell where the blocked battery cell P is located. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 only bypasses the battery cell where the blocked battery cell P is located, and the operation of other battery cells is not affected. The number of first negative temperature coefficient resistors R1 can be reduced while reducing power generation loss, saving costs.

[0053] Reference Figure 8 In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes multiple columns of battery cells P, and the battery cells P in each column form multiple battery cells. The photovoltaic module has a first side and a second side relative to each other in the column direction. Each battery cell close to the first side includes one battery cell P, and each battery cell close to the second side includes multiple battery cells P connected in series.

[0054] It is understandable that during the installation process, the entire photovoltaic module is usually placed at an angle, and the battery cells P located at the bottom of the photovoltaic module are more likely to produce hot spots due to dust accumulation or obstruction by the front modules. Therefore, each battery unit close to the first side includes a battery cell P, that is, a negative temperature coefficient resistor is connected in parallel to each battery cell P located at the bottom of the photovoltaic module, and each battery unit close to the second side includes multiple battery cells P connected in series, that is, a negative temperature coefficient resistor is connected in parallel to the multiple battery cells P connected in series above the photovoltaic module.

[0055] Under the premise of ensuring that the power generation of the photovoltaic module meets the requirements, reducing the number of the first negative temperature coefficient resistors R1 can not only timely divert the current flowing through the battery cell P in the hot spot state, but also save costs.

[0056] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module also includes multiple bypass units, each bypass unit is connected in parallel with a battery string, the battery string includes multiple battery cells connected in series, and each bypass unit is configured to bypass when the temperature of at least one battery cell P in the corresponding battery string exceeds the normal operating temperature range and the corresponding first negative temperature coefficient resistor is in a failure state.

[0057] The normal operating temperature range of a battery cell may vary depending on the actual application scenario and is not limited here. For example, if the normal operating temperature range of a battery cell is 50°C to 70°C, the bypass unit will bypass when the temperature of at least one battery cell P in the battery string connected in parallel with it is greater than 70°C and the corresponding first negative temperature coefficient resistor is in a failed state.

[0058] A plurality of battery cells connected in series form a battery string, and a bypass unit is connected in parallel to the battery string. When a battery cell P in each battery cell is blocked and the corresponding first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 fails, the battery string connected in parallel with the bypass unit will be bypassed, thereby achieving double protection for the photovoltaic module and improving the reliability of the system.

[0059] The number of battery cells in the battery string connected in parallel with each bypass unit can be selected according to the actual application scenario and is not limited here. For example, a battery string may include 3 battery cells connected in series or a battery string may include 4 battery cells connected in series.

[0060] Reference Figure 9 In some embodiments, the bypass unit includes a diode D.

[0061] When the bypass unit is a diode D, the anode of the diode D is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding battery cell P, and the cathode of the diode D is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the corresponding battery cell P. When the battery cells P in the battery string connected in parallel with the diode D are all operating normally, the diode D is reversely blocked. When at least one battery cell P in the battery string connected in parallel with the diode D is in the hot spot state and each first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 fails, the diode D is reversely broken down, thereby bypassing the battery cells P connected in parallel with it, thereby improving system reliability.

[0062] Reference Figure 10 In some embodiments, the bypass unit includes a second negative temperature coefficient resistor R2, and the second negative temperature coefficient resistor R2 is connected in parallel with the battery series.

[0063] When the bypass unit is the second negative temperature coefficient resistor R2, when there is at least one obscured battery cell P in the battery string connected in parallel with the second negative temperature coefficient resistor R2 and the first negative temperature coefficient resistors R1 connected in parallel with the battery string fail, the temperature of the obscured battery cell P rises, and the resistance of the second negative temperature coefficient resistor R2 decreases, and is lower than the total resistance of the battery string connected in parallel with the second negative temperature coefficient resistor R2, forming a parallel branch with lower impedance, bypassing the battery string connected in series with it, achieving double protection for the photovoltaic module, and improving the reliability of the system.

[0064] As an example, a battery string includes 12 battery cells P connected in series, and each battery cell P is connected in parallel with a first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1. When each battery cell P is working normally, the resistance of the internal resistance of the battery cell P is 10mΩ. Then, the total resistance of the battery string when each battery cell P is working normally is 120mΩ. When the battery cell P is completely blocked, the resistance of the internal resistance of the completely blocked battery cell P is infinite. When there is a battery cell P in the battery string that is completely blocked and the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 connected in parallel with it fails, the temperature of the battery string rises, the total resistance of the battery string is infinite, and the resistance of the second negative temperature coefficient resistor R2 decreases with increasing temperature. At this time, the resistance of the second negative temperature coefficient resistor R2 can be 5mΩ, which is less than the total resistance of the battery string. Therefore, the second negative temperature coefficient resistor R2 bypasses the battery string to reduce the loss of power generation.

[0065] In some embodiments, within the normal operating temperature range of the solar cell P, the first resistance change rate of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 is relatively low. That is, under normal lighting and temperature conditions, although the solar cell P generates a certain amount of heat, this heat change is not sufficient to cause a significant change in the resistance value of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1. Therefore, when the solar cell P is in normal operation, the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 has little impact on the current distribution of the photovoltaic module, ensuring efficient and stable operation of the system.

[0066] When the temperature of a cell P rises due to obstruction, damage, or other factors, the second resistance change rate of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 is greater than the first resistance change rate. That is, as the temperature of the cell P rises, the resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 decreases rapidly. However, when a cell P is obstructed, electrons within it do not move, resulting in a higher internal resistance. At this point, the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 forms a parallel path with a lower impedance. This rapid resistance change not only helps to promptly divert current flowing through the obstructed cell P, but also effectively reduces the temperature rise rate of the obstructed cell, preventing thermal runaway.

[0067] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes multiple columns of cells P. Two adjacent columns of cells P are connected in series and in parallel with bypass units. Each bypass unit is arranged in series on one side of the cell P in the column direction.

[0068] Each bypass unit is arranged in series above the first row of battery cells P in multiple columns of battery cells P, or each bypass unit is arranged in series below the last row of battery cells P in multiple columns of battery cells P, which simplifies the layout structure, reduces the use of wires and the number of connection points, thereby reducing the risk of failure due to poor contact or line aging.

[0069] Reference Figure 11In some embodiments, the battery cell P includes a stacked first electrode 10, an N-type semiconductor 20, a P-type semiconductor 30, and a second electrode 40, a PN junction is formed between the N-type semiconductor 20 and the P-type semiconductor 30, a first end of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 is connected to the first electrode 10, and a second end of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 is connected to the second electrode 40.

[0070] The first electrode 10 has excellent electrical conductivity and optical transparency to allow as much light as possible to penetrate the semiconductor layer while effectively collecting and conducting the generated current. The material of the first electrode 10 can be selected based on the actual application scenario and is not limited here. For example, the first electrode 10 can be formed of indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide.

[0071] N-type semiconductor 20 is formed by doping a silicon wafer with specific elements such as phosphorus and arsenic. The concentration of free electrons in N-type semiconductor 20 is high. In a solar cell, N-type semiconductor 20 absorbs photons and generates electron-hole pairs, promoting the generation of current.

[0072] The P-type semiconductor 30 is rich in holes, meaning it lacks electrons. By doping with elements such as boron and aluminum, the P-type semiconductor 30 achieves a high hole concentration. When the N-type and P-type semiconductors 30 come into contact, a PN junction naturally forms at their junction. This is the core region where the solar cell generates the photovoltaic effect. The PN junction encourages electrons to flow from the N region to the P region, while holes flow in the opposite direction, forming a built-in electric field that further promotes the separation and collection of photogenerated carriers.

[0073] The second electrode 40 has excellent electrical conductivity and its primary function is to collect and conduct the current conducted by the P-type semiconductor layer 30. The material of the second electrode 40 can be selected based on the actual application scenario and is not limited here. For example, the first electrode 10 can be formed from silver or aluminum to effectively reduce contact resistance and improve current collection efficiency.

[0074] The first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 is electrically connected between the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 40. When the temperature of the cell P rises due to being in a hot spot state, the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 can more sensitively sense the temperature change, thereby achieving a rapid reduction in resistance and bypassing the cell P in the hot spot state, thereby improving the overall stability and reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0075] One embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic array, which includes the aforementioned photovoltaic component.

[0076] The specific structure of the photovoltaic module can refer to the above embodiments and will not be described again here.

[0077] According to the photovoltaic array of the present application, when at least one battery cell P in a battery unit is blocked, the temperature of the blocked battery cell P increases, and the temperature of the corresponding battery unit increases. The resistance of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 decreases as the temperature increases until it is less than the total resistance of the corresponding battery unit. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 can bypass the battery unit connected in parallel with it, and the current flowing through the battery unit where the blocked battery cell P is located can be transmitted through the first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1. The first negative temperature coefficient resistor R1 only bypasses the battery unit connected in parallel with it, reducing the impact on the power generation of the normal battery cell P and reducing the loss of power generation of the photovoltaic module.

[0078] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and intent of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A plurality of battery cells connected in series, each battery cell comprising at least one battery cell; A plurality of first negative temperature coefficient resistors are provided, each of the first negative temperature coefficient resistors being connected in parallel with each of the battery cells.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that Each of the battery units includes one battery cell, and each of the battery cells is connected in parallel with each of the first negative temperature coefficient resistors in a one-to-one correspondence.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery unit includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and each battery unit is connected in parallel with a corresponding first negative temperature coefficient resistor.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The photovoltaic component includes multiple columns of the battery cells, and the battery cells in each column form multiple battery cells. The photovoltaic component has a first side and a second side relative to each other in the column direction. Each battery cell close to the first side includes one battery cell, and each battery cell close to the second side includes multiple battery cells connected in series.

5. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module further comprises: Multiple bypass units, each of which is connected in parallel with a battery string, the battery string including multiple battery cells connected in series, and each of the bypass units is configured to bypass when the temperature of at least one battery cell in the corresponding battery string exceeds the normal operating temperature range and the corresponding first negative temperature coefficient resistor is in a failed state.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bypass unit includes a diode.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that The bypass unit includes a second negative temperature coefficient resistor, and the second negative temperature coefficient resistor is connected in parallel with the battery string.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that The photovoltaic assembly includes multiple columns of cells, two adjacent columns of cells are connected in series and in parallel with the bypass units, and each bypass unit is arranged in series on one side of the cell in the column direction.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The battery cell includes a stacked first electrode, an N-type semiconductor, a P-type semiconductor, and a second electrode, a PN junction is formed between the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor, a first end of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor is connected to the first electrode, and a second end of the first negative temperature coefficient resistor is connected to the second electrode.

10. A photovoltaic array, characterized in that: The method comprises at least one photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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