Crushing and dissociating machine for waste lithium battery cell

Abstract

The utility model discloses a waste lithium battery cell crushing and dissociating machine which comprises a shell, a double-roller crushing mechanism is arranged in the shell corresponding to a feeding hole, and a double-roller dissociating mechanism is arranged below the double-roller crushing mechanism; the double-roller dissociation mechanism comprises two rollers which are arranged side by side, and the two rollers are driven by a motor to reversely rotate; the double-roller dissociation mechanism further comprises a plurality of dissociation assemblies. The dissociation assembly comprises a circle of gear tooth blades arranged around one roller and a circle of sawtooth blades matched with the gear tooth blades and arranged around the other roller. The tooth depth of the sawtooth blade is smaller than that of the gear tooth blade; the gear tooth blade and the sawtooth blade matched with the gear tooth blade move relatively during rotation so as to shear and tear materials. According to the utility model, the problem of coating after the waste lithium battery cell is crushed can be effectively solved, the waste lithium battery cell is thoroughly dissociated, and the separation rate of copper, aluminum and black powder is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, and in particular relates to a machine for crushing and disintegrating waste lithium battery cells. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing popularity of new energy vehicles in my country and the upgrading of automotive power batteries, the number of retired power batteries has increased annually. By the end of August 2023, a cumulative 399,000 tons of retired power batteries had been generated nationwide. The harmless disposal of retired lithium batteries is an urgent social issue. Precious and rare metals in batteries, such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, as well as copper and aluminum, the positive and negative electrode materials, also have high recycling value. These precious metals are present in the black powder recovered from batteries, and the copper and aluminum foils serve as the base materials for the positive and negative electrodes. Black powder, copper and aluminum foils are both products and important metal resources, possessing dual properties. Their high-precision and high-purity recycling is essential.

[0003] In the existing technology, double-shaft crushing + single-shaft crushing and four-shaft crushing machines are usually used to realize the charged crushing of waste lithium battery cells. Double-shaft crushing + single-shaft crushing equipment such as Figure 1 As shown, the four-shaft crushing equipment is as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, both types of crushing equipment have a common feature: they are equipped with a screen, which primarily breaks the battery cells into a size suitable for subsequent processing. Typically, after crushing using the existing equipment and process, the material size is approximately 30 x 30 mm.

[0004] The drawbacks of the aforementioned prior art are as follows: While traditional dual-shaft crushers combined with single-shaft crushers and quad-shaft crushers can crush battery cells, the presence of the screen increases the cell dwell time during the crushing process. Frictional heat is generated by the material, which plasticizes the separator paper, clogging the screen holes and reducing production capacity. Material is squeezed out of the screen holes, resulting in a phenomenon where copper foil, aluminum foil, and separator paper overlap, adversely affecting subsequent pyrolysis and sorting, ultimately reducing the separation rate and purity of copper, aluminum, and black powder. In particular, the upper two shafts of the quad-shaft crusher serve only to press the material, resulting in low utilization. The material sheared by the crushing shafts is more susceptible to overlapping due to the isolation of the screen. While the screen improves the size uniformity of the crushed battery cells, it also results in a greater and denser coating of material. Furthermore, after prolonged rubbing within the equipment, the copper foil, aluminum foil, and other metals can partially pulverize, resulting in a low purity of the final sorted product. In addition, the long-term breakage of the battery cells and the scratches of the hard metal and screen in the battery cells can easily generate heat and cause explosion accidents. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides a waste lithium battery cell crushing and dissociation machine, which can effectively solve the coating problem of waste lithium battery cells after crushing, completely dissociate them, and improve the sorting rate of copper, aluminum and black powder.

[0006] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0007] A waste lithium battery cell crushing and disintegration machine comprises a housing, wherein the upper end of the housing is provided with a feed port, the lower end of the housing is provided with a discharge port, and a double-roll crushing mechanism is provided inside the housing corresponding to the feed port. The difference between the waste lithium battery cell crushing and disintegration machine and the prior art is that a double-roll disintegration mechanism is provided below the double-roll crushing mechanism.

[0008] The double-roller disengagement mechanism includes two rollers arranged side by side, and the two rollers rotate in opposite directions under the drive of a motor; the double-roller disengagement mechanism also includes several disengagement components; the disengagement components include a circle of gear blades arranged around one of the rollers, and a circle of serrated blades arranged around the other roller to cooperate with the gear blades; the tooth depth of the serrated blades is smaller than that of the gear blades; the gear blades and the serrated blades that cooperate with them move relative to each other during rotation, producing a shearing and tearing effect on the material.

[0009] The reverse rotation specifically means that the gear blade and the sawtooth blade at the connection are in a downward movement state; otherwise, they cannot produce shearing and tearing effects on the material.

[0010] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: Used lithium battery cells enter the crusher through a conveyor system. The upper twin-roller crushing mechanism shreds the cells. Two shafts below the material, each equipped with densely packed serrated blades and spaced-apart gear-tooth blades, create a shearing and tearing action between the teeth, further shredding the material. The shredded material, in conjunction with the gear teeth, separates the encapsulated material. The finely packed teeth on the serrated blades create a "lifting" effect on the material. The relative motion of the gear-tooth blades increases the shearing and tearing time, thereby separating the encapsulated material. The serrated blades interact with gear teeth on another shaft, each of varying sizes. During a brief, "meshing" state, the two shafts experience a corresponding offset motion. During this offset motion, the pulling action of the serrated blades and gear teeth pulls the encapsulated material apart, achieving the desired separation effect. In the aforementioned crushing and disintegrating machine, materials can pass through the equipment quickly. Simultaneously, the disintegrating mechanism pulls away any coating caused by shearing and extrusion, dispersing it. During the entire disintegration process, there are no structures impeding the separation of the materials, resulting in more efficient cell crushing and separation. The zigzag structure also produces smaller, more uniform materials, and the disintegrated material is also consistent. The disintegration process eliminates the need for prolonged material kneading, resulting in a higher purity of the black powder in the subsequent separation.

[0011] Furthermore, the gear blades and the sawtooth blades are preferably arranged alternately on each roller. Such an arrangement enables the dissociation components with different gear teeth and sawtooth directions to be arranged alternately, which is conducive to the uniform dissociation of the battery cells.

[0012] Furthermore, the ratio of the number of teeth of the gear blade to the serrated blade is 1:(2-3), and the tooth depth ratio is (10-15):1. The fine saw teeth cooperate with the spaced gear teeth, so that when the two are engaged, they are in a state similar to "meshing", and a shearing effect is generated between the saw teeth, further tearing the material.

[0013] Furthermore, the radius ratio of the circle formed by the outer edge of the gear-toothed blade and the serrated blade matched therewith is preferably (1.5-2.5):1, more preferably 2:1.

[0014] Furthermore, the gear blade rotates faster than the mating sawtooth blade. A speed reducer can be used to frequency-control the gear blade and the mating sawtooth blade, making the gear blade rotate faster than the mating sawtooth blade. Specifically, the gear blade and its mating sawtooth blade preferably have a rotational speed ratio of (1.5-2):1. The same rotational speed will cause the gear teeth and sawtooth to remain "engaged" in the same position, preventing the material from being fully dissociated if the sawtooth is not "engaged."

[0015] Furthermore, the tooth shape of the gear blade is preferably: when the blade tip is in a vertical position, the blade tooth shape forms an angle of 10° to 20° with the vertical direction, and the material of the gear blade is preferably an alloy steel with high strength, wear resistance and toughness.

[0016] Furthermore, the serrated blade is in the shape of trapezoidal small teeth, and the material of the serrated blade is preferably alloy steel with high strength, wear resistance and toughness.

[0017] Furthermore, the feed port is provided with a metal flexible connection that cooperates with the material conveying system, which is beneficial to the system sealing performance and convenient installation.

[0018] Furthermore, the metal flexible connection is preferably provided with a sensor mounting seat for installing relevant sensor detection components such as oxygen concentration detection, pressure detection, flame detection, temperature detection, etc., to detect the necessary environmental parameters in the sealing system coordinated with the above-mentioned crushing and disintegrating machine.

[0019] Furthermore, the sealing mating surface of the housing is provided with a sealing groove for installing a sealing strip. Specifically, the upper surface, the lower surface mating surface and the middle mating surface of the housing are all provided with a sealing groove.

[0020] Furthermore, the double-roller crushing mechanism includes two rollers arranged side by side, and multiple groups of annular cutters are provided around the two rollers, and the annular cutters on the two rollers are staggered; the two rollers of the double-roller crushing mechanism rotate in opposite directions under the drive of the motor, and their rotation direction is the same as that of the double-roller dissociation mechanism.

[0021] Furthermore, a lower sealing cover is provided at the discharge end of the shell.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0023] The waste lithium battery cell crushing and dissociation machine of the present utility model can make the cells pass through the process equipment very quickly. In addition to effectively crushing the cells, the structural design can obtain uniform crushed materials. The structure of the gear teeth and saw teeth in the present utility model can peel off the material coating phenomenon caused by crushing and extrusion while uniformly crushing, thereby improving the separation efficiency of black powder and further improving the purity of black powder in the back-end sorting. In view of the high requirements of cell crushing for the environment, the present utility model is provided with a sealing groove on the sealing mating surface of the shell, which can prevent the overflow of harmful gases generated during crushing and isolate the external air from erosion of the internal crushing environment. The present utility model is provided with a retractable metal flexible connection at the feed port, which is conducive to improving the sealing performance of the system and convenient installation. A sensor mounting seat is provided on the metal flexible connection for installing sensor detection components for detecting necessary environmental parameters in the sealing system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of a double-shaft crushing + single-shaft crushing device in the prior art;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a four-shaft crushing device in the prior art;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a machine for crushing and disintegrating waste lithium battery cells in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Middle AA section view;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of the double-roller dissociation mechanism;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0030] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram at point C in the middle;

[0031] Figure 8 for Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of point D in the middle;

[0032] Figure 9 is an overall schematic diagram of the sealing groove on the sealing mating surface in the embodiment;

[0033] In the figure: 1. Housing; 2. Motor; 3. Gear blade; 4. Sawtooth blade; 5. Metal flexible connection; 6. Sensor mounting seat; 7. Sealing groove; 8. Annular cutter; 9. Lower sealing cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to examples. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0035] Example

[0036] A machine for crushing and disintegrating waste lithium battery cells, such as Figures 3 to 9 As shown, it includes a shell 1, the upper end of the shell 1 is provided with a feed port, the lower end is provided with a discharge port, the inside of the shell 1 is provided with a double-roll crushing mechanism corresponding to the feed port, and a double-roll dissociation mechanism is provided below the double-roll crushing mechanism;

[0037] The double-roller crushing mechanism includes two rollers arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and multiple groups of annular cutters 8 are evenly arranged around the two rollers, and the annular cutters 8 on the two rollers are staggered; the two rollers of the double-roller crushing mechanism rotate in opposite directions under the drive of the motor 2 to crush the battery cells.

[0038] The double-roller disengagement mechanism includes two rollers arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and the two rollers rotate in opposite directions under the drive of the motor 2; the double-roller disengagement mechanism also includes several disengagement components; the disengagement component includes a circle of gear blades 3 arranged around one of the rollers, and a circle of serrated blades 4 arranged around the other roller to cooperate with the gear blades 3; the tooth depth of the serrated blades 4 is smaller than the gear blades 3; the gear blades 3 and the serrated blades 4 matched with them move relative to each other during rotation to produce shearing and tearing effects on the material. The gear blades 3 and the serrated blades 4 are equidistantly staggered on each roller. Wherein, the reverse rotation specifically refers to that the gear blades 3 and the serrated blades 4 at the junction are in a downward movement state, such as Figure 5 The arrow in the figure indicates the direction of movement of the double-roll crushing mechanism. The movement direction of the double-roll disintegrating mechanism is the same. The tooth number ratio of the gear blade 3 to the serrated blade 4 is 1:3; the tooth depth ratio is 10:1; the radius ratio of the circle formed by the outer edges of the gear blade 3 and the serrated blade 4 is 2:1; when the blade tip is in a vertical position, the gear blade 3 forms a 15° angle with the vertical direction and is made of alloy steel; the serrated blade 4 has trapezoidal teeth and is made of alloy steel.

[0039] A speed reducer is used to perform frequency conversion speed regulation on the gear blade 3 and the serrated blade 4, so that the rotation speed of the gear blade 3 is faster than that of the matching serrated blade 4; the rotation speed ratio of the gear blade 3 and the matching serrated blade 4 is 1.5:1.

[0040] At the inlet of the housing 1, a flexible metal connection 5 is provided for the material conveying system. A sensor mounting base 6 is mounted on this flexible metal connection 5 for mounting sensors for oxygen concentration, pressure, flame, temperature, and other related detection components to monitor the necessary environmental parameters within the sealing system that cooperates with the crushing and disintegrating machine. A lower sealing cover 9 is provided at the discharge end of the housing 1.

[0041] The sealing surface of the housing 1 is provided with a sealing groove 7 for installing a sealing strip. Figures 6 to 9 As shown, the upper surface, the lower surface matching surface and the middle matching surface of the housing 1 are all provided with sealing grooves 7. Among them, the sealing grooves 7 are correspondingly provided on the middle matching surface, the upper surface and the lower surface.

[0042] When using the above-mentioned waste lithium battery cell crusher and disintegrator, the waste lithium battery cells enter the crusher through the feed port via a conveyor system. The upper double-roller crushing mechanism is responsible for shredding the cells. The two lower shafts are equipped with densely packed serrated blades 4 and spaced-apart gear blades 3, respectively. The saw teeth interact with each other to produce a shearing and shredding action, further shredding the material. The shredded material, in conjunction with the saw teeth and gear teeth, separates the encapsulated material. The fine serrations on the serrated blades 4 create a "lifting" effect on the material. When the gear blades 3 and serrated blades 4 move relative to each other, they increase the shearing and tearing time, thereby separating the encapsulated material. The serrated blades 4 are mated with gear teeth on another shaft. The serrated blades 4 have different sizes, and during a brief period of "meshing" between the saw teeth and gear teeth, the two shafts produce a corresponding offset motion. During this offset motion, the pulling action of the saw teeth and gear teeth pulls the encapsulated material apart, achieving the desired disintegration effect. In the above-mentioned crushing and disintegrating machine, the material can pass through the equipment quickly. At the same time, under the action of the disintegrating mechanism, the coated material caused by shearing and squeezing is pulled by the disintegrating mechanism to disperse the coated material.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste lithium battery cell crushing and disintegration machine, comprising a housing (1), wherein the upper end of the housing (1) is provided with a feed port, the lower end is provided with a discharge port, and the interior of the housing (1) is provided with a double-roll crushing mechanism corresponding to the feed port, characterized in that: A double-roller dissociation mechanism is provided below the double-roller crushing mechanism; The double-roller disengagement mechanism comprises two rollers arranged side by side, and the two rollers rotate in opposite directions under the drive of a motor (2); the double-roller disengagement mechanism also comprises a plurality of disengagement components; the disengagement components comprise a circle of toothed blades (3) arranged around one of the rollers, and a circle of sawtooth blades (4) arranged around the other roller and matched with the toothed blades (3); the tooth depth of the sawtooth blades (4) is smaller than that of the toothed blades (3); the toothed blades (3) and the matched sawtooth blades (4) move relative to each other during rotation to produce shearing and tearing effects on the material.

2. The waste lithium battery core crushing and disintegration machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear blades (3) and the sawtooth blades (4) are arranged alternately on each roller.

3. The waste lithium battery core crushing and disintegration machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tooth number ratio of the gear blade (3) and the sawtooth blade (4) is 1:(2-3), and the tooth depth ratio is (10-15):

1.

4. The waste lithium battery core crushing and disintegration machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius ratio of the circle formed by the outer edge of the gear tooth blade (3) and the matched sawtooth blade (4) is (1.5-2.5):

1.

5. The waste lithium battery core crushing and disintegration machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the gear blade (3) is faster than that of the matched sawtooth blade (4).

6. The waste lithium battery core crushing and disintegration machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotation speed ratio of the gear blade (3) and the matched sawtooth blade (4) is (1.5-2):

1.

7. The waste lithium battery cell crushing and disintegration machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The feed port is provided with a metal flexible connection (5) that cooperates with the material conveying system.

8. The waste lithium battery core crushing and disintegration machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A sensor mounting seat (6) is provided on the metal flexible connection (5).

9. The waste lithium battery cell crushing and disintegration machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A sealing groove (7) for installing a sealing strip is provided on the sealing mating surface of the housing (1).

10. The waste lithium battery core crushing and disintegrating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The double-roller crushing mechanism comprises two rollers arranged side by side, and multiple groups of annular cutters (8) are arranged around the two rollers. The annular cutters (8) on the two rollers are arranged in a staggered manner. The two rollers of the double-roller crushing mechanism rotate in opposite directions under the drive of the motor (2).

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