Eyeball model for teaching
By designing a detachable eyeball model to simulate the eyeball structure and imaging process, the problems of complex existing models and poor demonstration effects are solved, and low-cost and intuitive vision teaching effects are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422055367.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-26
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing teaching eye models are complex to produce, costly, and have poor demonstration effects. They are unable to demonstrate the principles of eye imaging and vision problems in detail, have poor interactivity, and are difficult to stimulate students' interest.
A model consisting of a light source, lens, eyeball and brain was designed. The model can be easily disassembled and assembled through a slide structure, simulating the structure of the eyeball and the imaging process. The formation and correction methods of myopia and hyperopia are demonstrated using adjustable lens and pupil size, and the vision formation process is displayed in combination with a camera and display screen.
It achieves a low-cost, intuitive demonstration of the eyeball structure and imaging principles, enhances the fun and interactivity of teaching, and helps students understand vision problems and correction methods.
Smart Images
Figure CN223390207U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of teaching aids, in particular to an eyeball model for teaching. Background Art
[0002] In middle school biology and physics courses, teachers often use eye models to explain the basic structure and function of the eye. This intuitive teaching method helps students learn and grasp the corresponding concepts and principles more clearly. Existing eye models are mostly made by simply processing and modifying materials. The production process is complex, the materials used are numerous, and the demonstration effect is poor. They can only roughly demonstrate the basic structure and some functions of the eye. They are difficult to assemble and disassemble, have poor interactivity, and are not easy to carry. This makes it difficult to further understand the principles of eye imaging, vividly understand why patients with nearsightedness and farsightedness can see clearly, and demonstrate how the eye receives these light rays and forms images in the brain. This makes the teaching process less interesting and less intuitive, and it is difficult to stimulate students' interest in exploration. This is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Utility Model Content
[0003] The utility model provides an eyeball model for teaching, which can demonstrate the structural composition of the eyeball and simulate the principle of eyeball imaging. According to the changes in the curvature of the lens and the changes in the anterior-posterior diameter of the eyeball wall, the formation process of myopia or hyperopia and the correction method can be intuitively understood. The model has low production cost, strong intuitiveness, and is easy to adjust and demonstrate.
[0004] The above-mentioned purpose of the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0005] A teaching eyeball model comprises a base plate, a slideway is provided on the base plate, a light source portion, a lens portion, an eyeball portion and a brain portion are slidably arranged on the slideway in sequence, the light source portion comprises a first bracket slidably arranged on the slideway, a light source support plate for placing the light source is fixedly connected above the first bracket, the lens portion comprises a second bracket slidably arranged on the slideway, a lens support plate for placing the lens is fixedly connected to the second bracket, the eyeball portion comprises a third bracket slidably arranged on the slideway, a spherical eyeball wall is fixedly connected to the third bracket, a lens with a variable curvature is fixedly connected to the front side of the inner cavity of the eyeball wall, An imaging film group is provided on the rear side of the inner cavity of the lens near the eyeball wall; the imaging film group includes an annular frame, a transparent imaging film and a driving mechanism that drives the frame to slide along the slide direction, the frame is vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the edge of the imaging film, the light beam emitted by the light source is projected onto the imaging film through the lens and the lens, the rear side of the eyeball wall is provided with a cylinder connected to it, and the inner cavity of the cylinder is provided with a camera opposite to the imaging film; the brain includes a fourth bracket slidably arranged on the slide, the fourth bracket is provided with a brain, and the outside of the brain is provided with a display screen electrically connected to the camera.
[0006] The above-mentioned teaching eyeball model, wherein the driving mechanism includes an adjusting screw, a support plate and a guide rod, the support plate is vertically fixed to the inner side of the eyeball wall, the guide rod is vertically fixed to the bottom of the frame and slides through the support plate along the slide direction, the adjusting screw passes through the eyeball wall and the frame from the outside of the eyeball wall to the inside along the slide direction, the adjusting screw is threaded with the eyeball wall, the adjusting screw is rotatably connected to the frame, and limit rings are respectively provided on the adjusting screws near both sides of the frame.
[0007] The above-mentioned teaching eyeball model, wherein the eyeball wall includes the anterior wall, middle wall and posterior wall distributed from front to back, the anterior wall and middle wall are snap-connected, the middle wall and posterior wall are mate-connected, and the bottom of the middle wall is fixedly connected to the third bracket.
[0008] The above-mentioned teaching eyeball model, wherein the lens is located in the middle wall of the eyeball, the lens includes a biconvex lens body, the lens body is a transparent hollow elastic capsule, the inner cavity of the eyeball wall is fixedly connected to a support ring concentric with the eyeball wall, the outer edge of the lens body is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support ring, the outer edge of the lens body is provided with a liquid inlet connected to its inner cavity, the liquid inlet is connected to a catheter, the catheter passes through the eyeball wall, and the other end of the catheter is connected to a syringe.
[0009] In the above-mentioned teaching eyeball model, the imaging film group is located inside the posterior wall of the eyeball, a skylight is provided above the posterior wall of the eyeball, and the skylight is located on the front side of the imaging film; the lower part of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the fifth bracket, and the fifth bracket is slidably arranged on the slide.
[0010] The above-mentioned teaching eyeball model has an aperture fixedly connected to the front wall of the eyeball for limiting the light beam, an arc-shaped adjustment groove is provided on the eyeball wall above the aperture, and an adjustment handle extending upward is provided in the adjustment groove for adjusting the aperture size of the aperture.
[0011] The above-mentioned teaching eyeball model, wherein the upper part of the lens support plate is provided with an upwardly open U-shaped groove, the edge of the U-shaped groove is provided with an inwardly recessed slot, and the slot is adapted to the lens.
[0012] The above-mentioned eyeball model for teaching is characterized in that scale lines are provided on the bottom plate along the direction of the slide.
[0013] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:
[0014] The utility model provides a light source part, a lens part, an eyeball part and a brain part which are slidably arranged on a bottom plate, thereby facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the eyeball model. The utility model can be used to demonstrate the basic structural composition of the eyeball, the imaging principle of the eyeball, the change in the curvature of the lens when a person sees distant or near objects, the adjustment of the pupil, the causes and correction methods of myopia and hyperopia, and the process of vision formation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the utility model;
[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the present utility model;
[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Magnified view of part A.
[0018] Figure 1: 1. Bottom plate; 11. Slide; 2. Light source; 21. First bracket; 22. Light source support plate; 3. Lens; 31. Second bracket; 32. Lens; 33. Lens support plate; 331. U-shaped groove; 4. Eyeball; 41. Third bracket; 42. Eyeball wall; 421. Anterior wall of eyeball; 4211. Cornea; 4212. Adjustment groove; 422. Middle wall of eyeball; 423. Posterior wall of eyeball; 4231. Skylight; 43. Lens; 4 31. Lens body; 432. Support ring; 433. Catheter; 434. Syringe; 44. Imaging film group; 441. Frame; 442. Imaging film; 443. Drive mechanism; 4431. Adjusting screw; 4432. Support plate; 4433. Guide rod; 45. Cylinder; 451. Camera; 452. Fifth bracket; 5. Brain; 51. Fourth bracket; 52. Brain; 53. Display screen; 6. Aperture; 61. Adjusting handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The following is combined with Figure 1-3 The utility model is described in further detail.
[0020] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a teaching eyeball model includes a base plate 1, a slide 11 is provided on the base plate 1, and a light source part 2, a lens part 3, an eyeball part 4 and a brain part 5 are slidably arranged on the slide 11 in sequence. The light source part 2 includes a first bracket 21 slidably arranged on the slide 11, and a light source support plate 22 for placing the light source is fixedly connected above the first bracket 21. The lens part 3 includes a second bracket 31 slidably arranged on the slide 11, and a lens support plate 33 for placing the lens 32 is fixedly connected to the second bracket 31. The eyeball part 4 includes a third bracket 41 slidably arranged on the slide 11, and a spherical eyeball wall 42 is fixedly connected to the third bracket 41. The front side of the inner cavity of the eyeball wall 42 is fixedly connected to a lens 43 with variable curvature, and the rear side of the lens 43 is provided with an imaging film group 44 near the rear side of the inner cavity of the eyeball wall 42.
[0021] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown, the imaging film group 44 includes an annular frame 441, a transparent imaging film 442 and a driving mechanism 443 that drives the frame 441 to slide along the slide 11. The frame 441 is vertically arranged and fixed to the edge of the imaging film 442. The light source arranged on the light source support plate 22 emits a light beam, which is projected onto the imaging film 442 through the lens 32 and the lens 43 on the lens part 3. A cylinder 45 connected to the eyeball wall 42 is provided on the rear side of the eyeball wall 42, and a camera 451 is provided in the inner cavity of the cylinder 45 opposite to the imaging film 442; the brain part 5 includes a fourth bracket 51 slidably arranged on the slide 11, and a brain 52 simulating a human brain is provided on the fourth bracket 51. A display screen 53 electrically connected to the camera 451 is provided on the outside of the brain 52.
[0022] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown, the driving mechanism 443 of this embodiment includes an adjusting screw 4431, a support plate 4432 and a guide rod 4433. The support plate 4432 is vertically fixed to the inner side of the eyeball wall 42, and the guide rod 4433 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the frame 441 and slides through the support plate 4432 along the direction of the slide 11. The adjusting screw 4431 passes through the eyeball wall 42 and the frame 441 from the outside of the eyeball wall 42 to the inside along the direction of the slide 11. The eyeball wall 42 is provided with an internal thread adapted to the adjusting screw 4431. The adjusting screw 4431 is threadedly connected to the eyeball wall 42, and the adjusting screw 4431 is rotatably connected to the frame 441. Limiting rings are respectively provided on the adjusting screws 4431 near both sides of the frame 441. The adjusting screw 4431 is rotated on the outside of the eyeball wall 42. The adjusting screw 4431 can rotate on the frame 441 and push the frame 441 to move along the slide 11 through the limit ring. By setting a guide rod 4433 fixed to the frame 441 and sliding on the support plate 4432 along the slide 11, the rotation of the frame 441 is avoided, ensuring that the imaging film 442 can approach or move away from the lens 43 along the slide 11.
[0023] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown, in one embodiment, to facilitate assembly of the lens 43, the eyeball wall 42 includes, from front to back, an anterior wall 421, a middle wall 422, and a posterior wall 423. The anterior wall 421 and the middle wall 422 are connected by a snap fit, while the middle wall 422 and the posterior wall 423 are connected in a mating manner. The bottom of the middle wall 422 is fixedly connected to the third bracket 41. By providing a mating connection between the middle wall 422 and the posterior wall 423, the posterior wall 423 can be moved backward, thereby simulating the effect of changes in the anterior-posterior diameter of the eyeball wall 42 on vision.
[0024] like Figure 2As shown, the lens 43 of this embodiment is located in the middle wall 422 of the eyeball, and the lens 43 includes a biconvex lens body 431. The lens body 431 is a transparent hollow elastic capsule. The inner cavity of the eyeball wall 42 is fixedly connected to a support ring 432 concentric with the eyeball wall 42. The outer edge of the lens body 431 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support ring 432. The outer edge of the lens body 431 is provided with a liquid inlet connected to the inner cavity of the lens body 431. The liquid inlet is connected to a catheter 433. The catheter 433 passes through the eyeball wall 42. The other end of the catheter 433 is connected to a syringe 434.
[0025] In this embodiment, the imaging film assembly 44 is located within the posterior wall 423 of the eyeball. A skylight 4231 is provided above the posterior wall 423, located in front of the imaging film 442. In another embodiment, curved rails are provided on the posterior wall 423, perpendicular to the slideway 11, on either side of the skylight 4231. Curved covers slide on these rails, with the same curvature as the posterior wall 423. Skylights 4231 can be opened or closed by pushing or pulling the covers on the rails. By providing the covers on skylights 4231, when opened, students can visually view the image on the imaging film 442 through the skylights 4231. When the covers cover the skylights 4231, the structural features of the eyeball wall 42 can be realistically simulated. The lower part of the cylinder 45 is fixedly connected to the fifth bracket 452, and the fifth bracket 452 is slidably arranged on the slide 11. By moving the fifth bracket 452 on the slide 11, the posterior wall 423 of the eyeball can be driven closer to or away from the lens 43, thereby simulating the effect of the change in the anterior-posterior diameter of the eyeball wall 42 on vision.
[0026] A diaphragm 6, which serves to limit the light beam, is fixedly attached to the anterior wall 421 of the eyeball. An arcuate adjustment slot 4212 is defined in the eyeball wall 42 above the diaphragm 6. An upwardly extending adjustment handle 61 is located within the adjustment slot 4212 for adjusting the aperture of the diaphragm 6. The diaphragm 6 simulates the human iris controlling the pupil's response to the light beam. The diaphragm 6 is conventional, and the light beam size can be adjusted using diaphragms on optical instruments. This description is omitted here.
[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the upper portion of the lens support plate 33 is provided with an upwardly open U-shaped groove 331. The edge of the U-shaped groove 331 is provided with an inwardly recessed slot that fits the lens 32. The lens 32 can be a convex lens or a concave lens, and the lens 32 can also be omitted from the slot. The light beam from the light source can be directly projected onto the imaging film 442 through the cornea 4211 and the lens 43.
[0028] In order to facilitate accurate adjustment of the positions of the light source portion 2 , the lens portion 3 , the eyeball portion 4 and the brain portion 5 , scale lines are provided on the bottom plate 1 along the direction of the slideway 11 .
[0029] The specific working process of this utility model is as follows:
[0030] The outer front portion of the eyeball wall 42 is the transparent cornea 4211, while the outer back portion is the white sclera. The iris 6 simulates the pupil, and the curvature-adjustable lens 43 simulates changes in the lens. Removing the anterior eyeball wall 421 clearly reveals the iris 6, with the central aperture simulating the pupil. The size of the light beam passing through the iris 6 can be adjusted by adjusting the handle. The lens 43 can be seen through the middle eyeball wall 422. The curvature of the lens can be adjusted by injecting a syringe 434 into the lens body 431.
[0031] The light source can be a mobile phone, LED, or other illuminant mounted on the light source support plate 22. The imaging film 442 simulates the retina of the eye. By changing the positional relationship between the light source, the eyeball wall 42 on the third support 41, and the imaging film assembly 44, and adjusting the curvature of the lens body 431 using the injector 434, a clear, inverted, and reduced image is presented on the imaging film 442, thereby simulating the imaging process of the eyeball.
[0032] This model can simulate the changes in the curvature of the lens when a person sees distant or near objects clearly. Maintaining the alignment of the middle wall 422 and the posterior wall 423 of the eyeball, the distance between the light source on the first support 21 and the third support 41 is changed, and the curvature of the lens body 431 is adjusted until a clear, inverted, and reduced image of the object appears on the imaging film 442. Increasing the distance between the first support 21 and the third support 41 blurs the image on the imaging film 442. Reducing the amount of liquid injected through the syringe 434 and reducing the curvature of the lens body 431 clears the image again. Reducing the distance between the first support 21 and the third support 41 blurs the image. Injecting more liquid through the syringe 434 increases the curvature of the lens body 431, and the image on the imaging film 442 clears again. This simulates the process of increasing the curvature of the lens of the eye to see clearly when a person sees something close.
[0033] The size of the aperture 6 is adjusted by adjusting the handle 61 to simulate the change of the pupil; when the pupil becomes smaller, the image of the object on the imaging film 442 becomes darker, and when the pupil becomes larger, the image of the object on the imaging film 442 becomes brighter.
[0034] When the image is clear, the curvature of the lens body 431 is reduced using the syringe 434, blurring the image. Placing a convex lens on the second bracket clears the image again, indicating that reducing the curvature of the lens body 431 can lead to blurred images, resulting in hyperopia, which requires correction with a convex lens. The curvature of the lens body 431 is readjusted until the image on the imaging film 442 is clear.
[0035] The imaging film 442 is moved by the driving mechanism 443, shortening the anterior-posterior diameter of the eyeball wall 42 and blurring the image. Placing a convex lens on the second bracket 31 clears the image again, indicating that a too short anterior-posterior diameter of the eyeball wall 42 can also cause a blurred image, leading to hyperopia, which requires correction with a convex lens.
[0036] Under the condition that the image is clear, push the syringe 434 to increase the curvature of the lens body 431 and blur the image. Place a concave lens on the second bracket 31, and the image becomes clear again, which means that the increase in the curvature of the lens of the eye can cause the image to be blurred, forming myopia, and it is necessary to wear a concave lens (myopia glasses) for correction. Readjust the curvature of the lens body 431 until the image on the imaging film 442 is clear. On this basis, move the fifth bracket 452 backward so that the anterior-posterior diameter distance of the eyeball wall 42 becomes longer, and the image becomes blurred. Place a concave lens on the second bracket 31, and the image becomes clear again. This shows that the anterior-posterior diameter of the human eyeball is too long, which can also cause the image to be blurred, forming myopia, and it is necessary to wear a concave lens (myopia glasses) for correction.
[0037] The process of cataract disease can also be simulated by injecting white turbid liquid into the inner cavity of the lens body 431 through the syringe 434.
[0038] Through Arduino programming control, the camera 451 can monitor the inverted image on the imaging film 442 in real time and display the upright image on the display screen 53 on the brain 52, thereby demonstrating the visual formation process.
[0039] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present utility model should be included in the scope of protection of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A teaching eyeball model, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bottom plate, a slide is provided on the bottom plate, a light source part, a lens part, an eyeball part and a brain part are slidably arranged on the slide in sequence, the light source part comprises a first bracket slidably arranged on the slide, the upper part of the first bracket is fixedly connected to a light source support plate for placing the light source, the lens part comprises a second bracket slidably arranged on the slide, the second bracket is fixedly connected to a lens support plate for placing the lens, the eyeball part comprises a third bracket slidably arranged on the slide, the third bracket is fixedly connected to a spherical eyeball wall, the front side of the inner cavity of the eyeball wall is fixedly connected to a lens with a variable curvature, and the rear side of the lens is fixedly connected to a lens. An imaging film group is provided on the rear side of the inner cavity near the eyeball wall; the imaging film group includes an annular frame, a transparent imaging film and a driving mechanism that drives the frame to slide along the slide direction, the frame is vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the edge of the imaging film, the light beam emitted by the light source is projected onto the imaging film through the lens and the lens, the rear side of the eyeball wall is provided with a cylinder connected to it, and the inner cavity of the cylinder is provided with a camera opposite to the imaging film; the brain includes a fourth bracket slidably arranged on the slide, the fourth bracket is provided with a brain, and the outside of the brain is provided with a display screen electrically connected to the camera.
2. The teaching eyeball model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism includes an adjusting screw, a support plate and a guide rod. The support plate is vertically fixed to the inner side of the eyeball wall. The guide rod is vertically fixed to the bottom of the frame and slides through the support plate along the slide direction. The adjusting screw passes through the eyeball wall and the frame from the outside of the eyeball wall to the inside along the slide direction. The adjusting screw is threaded with the eyeball wall. The adjusting screw is rotatably connected to the frame. Limiting rings are respectively provided on the adjusting screws near both sides of the frame.
3. The teaching eyeball model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The eyeball wall includes an anterior eyeball wall, a middle eyeball wall and a posterior eyeball wall distributed from front to back. The anterior eyeball wall and the middle eyeball wall are snap-connected, the middle eyeball wall and the posterior eyeball wall are mate-connected, and the bottom of the middle eyeball wall is fixedly connected to the third bracket.
4. The teaching eyeball model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lens is located in the middle wall of the eyeball, and the lens includes a biconvex lens body. The lens body is a transparent hollow elastic capsule. The inner cavity of the eyeball wall is fixedly connected to a support ring concentric with the eyeball wall. The outer edge of the lens body is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support ring. The outer edge of the lens body is provided with a liquid inlet connected to its inner cavity. The liquid inlet is connected to a catheter, and the catheter passes through the eyeball wall. The other end of the catheter is connected to a syringe.
5. The teaching eyeball model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The imaging film group is located in the posterior wall of the eyeball, a skylight is provided above the posterior wall of the eyeball, and the skylight is located in front of the imaging film; the lower part of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the fifth bracket, and the fifth bracket is slidably arranged on the slide.
6. The teaching eyeball model according to claim 1, characterized in that: An iris for limiting the light beam is fixedly connected to the front wall of the eyeball, an arc-shaped adjustment groove is provided on the eyeball wall above the iris, and an adjustment handle extending upwards for adjusting the aperture size of the iris is provided in the adjustment groove.
7. The teaching eyeball model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the lens supporting plate is provided with an upwardly open U-shaped groove, and the edge of the U-shaped groove is provided with an inwardly recessed slot, and the slot is adapted to the lens.
8. The teaching eyeball model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate is provided with scale lines along the slide direction.