Sole roughing machine for shoemaking
By setting up a supporting structure and a multi-axis drive system on the grinder, the problem of uneven sole grinding is solved, efficient and uniform sole grinding effect is achieved, and the grinding quality and operation convenience are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521844486.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-08-28
AI Technical Summary
It is difficult to accurately control the contact force between the sole and the grinding wheel during the sole grinding process of existing grinding machines, resulting in uneven sole grinding, affecting the grinding quality and efficiency.
A sole roughening machine for shoemaking was designed. It adopted a support structure and a multi-axis drive system, including components such as a sole bracket, a stepper motor, a lead screw, a threaded block, and a guide rail. This ensured uniform contact force between the sole and the grinding wheel. The multi-axis drive system achieved stable movement of the sole and flexible adjustment of the grinding wheel.
The uniformity and stability of the sole grinding are achieved, the grinding quality and efficiency are improved, the uneven thickness of the sole is avoided, and the convenience of user operation is provided.
Smart Images
Figure CN223415792U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the shoe sole roughening technology field especially a shoe sole roughening machine for shoemaking. BACKGROUND
[0002] Shoe sole roughening is an important process in shoemaking industry, mainly is to the shoe sole surface polishing treatment, let the shoe sole surface become rough, therefore want to put the shoe sole on roughening machine and carry out the roughening, but in actual work, we found that the roughening machine of common mode is difficult to accurately control the contact force of shoe sole and polishing wheel in actual work, is easy to lead to uneven shoe sole roughening treatment, because the traditional polishing machine is when working adopts manual operation, that is to say that the user holds up the shoe sole and aims at the contact polishing wheel, and controls the shoe sole and polishes, and thinks that control makes the uneven stress of shoe sole, also leads to uneven contact force of shoe sole and polishing wheel, reduces the polishing effect of shoe sole, reduces the quality and efficiency of shoe sole polishing.
[0003] In view of the above problem, the utility model improves. SUMMARY
[0004] The utility model discloses a shoe sole roughening machine for shoemaking, solves the above -mentioned problem existing in the use process in the prior art.
[0005] The technical scheme of the utility model is realized as follows: a shoe sole roughening machine for shoemaking, including the base, the top of base is provided with workbench board, the both sides of workbench board top are fixedly installed with mounting block no. 1 and mounting block no. 2, the top of mounting block no. 2 is opened with recess, the recess is inserted with pad in the inside, be provided with shoe sole bracket between mounting block no. 1 and mounting block no. 2, one end of shoe sole bracket is fixedly connected with mounting screw rod, the surface of mounting screw rod is installed with the lock nut of mounting block no. 1 outside with thread.
[0006] The utility model discloses a shoe sole roughening machine for shoemaking as described above further: the top of base is fixedly installed with two supports, two supports are rotatably installed with screw rod no. 1 in between, one side of base top is fixedly installed with step motor no. 1, the output shaft of step motor no. 1 is fixedly connected with screw rod no. 1, the surface of screw rod no. 1 is installed with screw block no. 1 with thread, screw block no. 1 is fixedly connected in the bottom of workbench board.
[0007] The utility model discloses a shoe sole roughening machine for shoemaking as described above further: the both sides of base top are fixedly installed with guide rail no. 1, the surface of guide rail no. 1 is slidably installed with two sliding blocks no. 1, four sliding blocks no. 1 are fixedly installed in the bottom of workbench board.
[0008] The sole roughing machine for shoemaking of the utility model as described above is further provided with: a gantry is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the base, a second stepper motor is fixedly installed on one side of the gantry, a second screw rod is rotatably installed on one side of the gantry, and the output shaft of the second stepper motor is fixedly connected to the second screw rod.
[0009] The sole roughing machine for shoemaking according to the present invention as described above is further configured as follows: a threaded block 2 is threadedly mounted on the surface of the screw rod 2, a limiting frame is fixedly mounted on one side of the threaded block 2, two guide rails 2 distributed vertically are fixedly mounted on one side of the gantry, two sliders 2 are slidably mounted on the surface of the guide rail 2, and the four sliders 2 are all fixedly mounted on the limiting frame.
[0010] The sole roughing machine for shoemaking of the utility model as described above is further: a movable frame is slidably installed on one side of the limit frame, a stepper motor four is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the gantry frame, a screw rod three is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the stepper motor four, the screw rod three is rotatably installed on the gantry frame, and the movable frame is threadedly installed on the screw rod three.
[0011] The sole roughening machine for shoemaking of the utility model as described above is further provided with: a stepper motor three is fixedly mounted on one side of the movable frame, a synchronous wheel one is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the stepper motor three, a synchronous wheel two is rotatably mounted on one side of the bottom of the movable frame, the synchronous wheel one and the synchronous wheel two are connected by a synchronous belt transmission, and a grinding wheel is fixedly mounted on one end of the synchronous wheel two.
[0012] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0013] 1. The utility model adopts a structural design that is capable of supporting and lifting the sole on the grinder. A pad matching the sole is fixed on the grinder to support and lift the sole, ensuring that the contact force between each position of the sole and the grinding wheel is evenly distributed, avoiding the uneven thickness of the sole after grinding, improving the efficiency and quality of the sole grinding process, and providing convenience for users' work.
[0014] 2. The utility model discloses a support, screw rod no. 1, stepping motor no. 1, threaded block no. 1, guide rail no. 1, the setting of sliding block no. 1, when working, starting stepping motor no. 1 drives screw rod no. 1 rotation, and simultaneously screw rod no. 1 will drive threaded block no. 1 to move, and threaded block no. 1 will drive workbench plate to move, so indirectly placed on the workbench plate sole will also move along with, need to explain, before working, the workbench plate is from the machine outside, after placing the sole by screw rod no. 1 and stepping motor no. 1 will move the workbench plate into the machine, and simultaneously the sole will also move to the below of the polishing wheel, then carry out sole polishing processing, wherein, the workbench plate will also drive sliding block no. 1 to slide on guide rail no. 1 when moving, so can play the role of limiting to the workbench plate, guarantee the stability of workbench plate feeding work, provide convenient for the work use of user.
[0015] 3. The utility model discloses the setting of portal frame, guide rail no. 2, stepping motor no. 2, screw rod no. 2, sliding block no. 2, threaded block no. 2, limit support, starting stepping motor no. 2 drives screw rod no. 2 rotation, and screw rod no. 2 will drive threaded block no. 2 to move horizontally, and the limit support on threaded block no. 2 will also move along with, finally the polishing wheel can realize horizontal movement, wherein, sliding block no. 2 is also installed on the limit support, therefore limit support will also drive sliding block no. 2 to slide on guide rail no. 2 when moving, so can guarantee the stability of limit support horizontal displacement, also improve the stability of polishing wheel horizontal displacement, provide convenient for the work use of user, so adopt the structure design of setting the structure that can support the sole on the polishing machine, fix a pad block that matches the sole on the polishing machine and support the sole, guarantee that each position of the sole and the contact intensity of the polishing wheel are evenly distributed, avoid the situation that the sole thickness is uneven after polishing, improve the efficiency and quality of sole polishing processing, provide convenient for the work use of user.
[0016] 4. The utility model discloses the setting of moving frame, stepping motor no. 4, screw rod no. 3, starting stepping motor no. 4 drives screw rod no. 3 rotation, then screw rod no. 3 drives moving frame to move up and down, so can control the polishing wheel to move up and down, thereby guarantee the adaptability change of polishing wheel polishing height, guarantee the normal progress of polishing work, improve the quality and efficiency of sole polishing, wherein, moving frame is also sliding on the limit support, so the limit support can play the role of limiting to moving frame, guarantee the stability of moving frame when moving up and down.
[0017] 5. The utility model discloses the setting of moving frame, stepping motor no. 3, synchronous pulley no. 1, synchronous pulley no. 2, polishing wheel, when working, starting stepping motor no. 3 drives synchronous pulley no. 1 rotation, and synchronous pulley no. 1 drives synchronous pulley no. 2 rotation, and synchronous pulley no. 2 drives the polishing wheel rotation and carries out the polishing to the sole placed on the sole bracket, provide convenient for the work use of user. ACCURACY OF DRAWINGS
[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.
[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure assembly of the gantry;
[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the base;
[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the partial three-dimensional structure of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure assembly of the screw rod three;
[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sole bracket;
[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure assembly of installation block two.
[0026] In the figure: 1, base, 2, bracket, 3, screw rod 1, 4, stepper motor 1, 5, thread block 1, 6, workbench, 7, mounting block 1, 8, mounting block 2, 9, sole bracket, 10, mounting screw, 11, locking nut, 12, spacer, 13, guide rail 1, 14, slider 1, 15, gantry, 16, guide rail 2, 17, stepper motor 2, 18, screw rod 2, 19, slider 2, 20, thread block 2, 21, limit frame, 22, moving frame, 23, stepper motor 3, 24, synchronous wheel 1, 25, synchronous wheel 2, 26, grinding wheel, 27, screw rod 3, 28, stepper motor 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The following is a combination of the appended examples of the present invention Figures 1-7 , clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example
[0028] The utility model provides a shoe sole roughening machine for shoemaking, including base 1, the top of base 1 is provided with workbench plate 6, both sides of the top of workbench plate 6 are fixedly installed with mounting block one 7 and mounting block two 8 respectively, the top of mounting block two 8 is opened groove, the inside insertion of groove has pad block 12, be provided with sole bracket 9 between mounting block one 7 and mounting block two 8, one end of sole bracket 9 is fixedly connected with mounting screw rod 10, the surface of mounting screw rod 10 is equipped with the lock nut 11 of the outside of mounting block one 7 with screw thread.
[0029] The specific working process is as follows: first, the shoe sole bracket 9 is installed on the workbench of the machine, and the outer shape of the shoe sole bracket 9 can match the shoe sole. After the shoe sole is placed on the shoe sole bracket 9, each position can be supported by the shoe sole bracket 9. Thus, when the polishing wheel 26 polishes the shoe sole, the uniformity of each position of the shoe sole can be ensured, and the uniformity of the polishing thickness of each part of the shoe sole can also be ensured, thereby ensuring the quality and effect of the polishing of the shoe sole, providing convenience for the user's work and use. It should be noted that the shoe sole bracket 9 is detachably installed on the mounting block one 7. Thus, the shoe sole bracket 9 can also be removed and replaced from the mounting block one 7 according to the actual use requirement, and the processing requirement for shoe soles of different sizes can also be met. When in use, the mounting block one 7 and the mounting block two 8 are first installed on the workbench plate 6, and then the shoe sole bracket 9 is arranged between the mounting block one 7 and the mounting block two 8. The mounting screw 10 on the shoe sole bracket 9 penetrates through the mounting block one 7, and then the locking nut 11 is threadedly installed on the mounting screw 10 outside the mounting block one 7 to fix the mounting screw 10 and the shoe sole bracket 9. Then, the spacer block 12 is inserted into the mounting block two 8. The spacer block 12 is used to lift the shoe sole bracket 9, so that the shoe sole placed on the shoe sole bracket 9 can fully contact with the polishing wheel 26 for polishing, thereby improving the quality of the polishing of the shoe sole. In order to meet the processing requirement for shoe soles of different sizes, the spacer block 12 can be flexibly replaced according to the actual working requirement. Therefore, after the appropriate shoe sole bracket 9 is installed, the shoe sole can be placed on the shoe sole bracket 9, and then the stepping motor three 23 can be started to drive the synchronous wheel one 24 to rotate, the synchronous wheel two 25 is driven by the synchronous wheel one 24 to rotate, and the polishing wheel 26 is driven by the synchronous wheel two 25 to rotate to polish the shoe sole placed on the shoe sole bracket 9. During the polishing process, the stepping motor four 28 can also be started to drive the screw three 27 to rotate, and then the moving frame 22 is driven by the screw three 27 to move up and down. Thus, the polishing wheel 26 can be controlled to move up and down, thereby ensuring the adaptability of the polishing height of the polishing wheel 26 and ensuring the normal polishing work, improving the quality and efficiency of the polishing of the shoe sole. The moving frame 22 simultaneously slides on the limiting frame 21, so that the limiting frame 21 can limit the moving frame 22 to ensure the stability of the moving frame 22 when moving up and down. Moreover, the polishing wheel 26 can also move laterally. Specifically, the stepping motor two 17 is started to drive the screw two 18 to rotate, and the screw two 18 drives the threaded block two 20 to move laterally. At the same time, the limiting frame 21 installed on the threaded block two 20 also moves together. Finally, the polishing wheel 26 can move laterally. The sliding block two 19 is also installed on the limiting frame 21, so that the limiting frame 21 moves to drive the sliding block two 19 to slide on the guide rail two 16. Thus, the stability of the lateral movement of the limiting frame 21 can be ensured, and the stability of the lateral movement of the polishing wheel 26 can also be improved, thereby providing convenience for the user's work and use. Therefore, the structure that can support and lift the shoe sole is arranged on the polishing machine.A pad that matches the sole is fixed on the grinder to support the sole, ensuring that the contact force between each position of the sole and the grinding wheel is evenly distributed, avoiding the uneven thickness of the sole after grinding, improving the efficiency and quality of the sole grinding process, and providing convenience for users' work. When working, the stepper motor 14 is started to drive the screw rod 13 to rotate, and at the same time the screw rod 13 will drive the threaded block 15 to move, and the threaded block 15 will drive the workbench 6 to move, so that the sole placed indirectly on the workbench 6 will also move. It should be noted that before work, the workbench 6 is outside the machine. After the sole is placed, the workbench 6 is moved into the machine by the screw rod 13 and the stepper motor 14. At the same time, the sole will also move to the bottom of the grinding wheel 26, and then the sole grinding process is carried out. Among them, the workbench 6 will also drive the slider 14 to slide on the guide rail 13 when moving. When the workbench 6 is moved, it will also drive the slider 14 to slide on the guide rail 13, so that the workbench 6 can be limited. The stability of the feeding operation of the workbench 6 is guaranteed, and the work is convenient for the user. When the workbench 6 is started, the stepper motor 14 is driven to rotate, and the screw rod 13 is driven to move the screw block 15, and the screw block 15 is driven to move the workbench 6, so that the sole placed on the workbench 6 can also move. It should be noted that before work, the workbench 6 is outside the machine. After the sole is placed, the workbench 6 is moved into the machine by the screw rod 13 and the stepper motor 14, and the sole is moved to the bottom of the grinding wheel 26, and then the sole is ground. When the workbench 6 moves, it will also drive the slider 14 to slide on the guide rail 13, so that the workbench 6 can be limited. The stability of the feeding operation of the workbench 6 is guaranteed, and the work is convenient for the user.
[0030] Two brackets 2 are fixedly installed on the top of the base 1, and a screw rod 3 is rotatably installed between the two brackets 2. A stepper motor 4 is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the base 1, and the output shaft of the stepper motor 4 is fixedly connected to the screw rod 3. A threaded block 5 is threadedly installed on the surface of the screw rod 3, and the threaded block 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the workbench 6. Guide rails 13 are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the base 1, and two sliders 14 are slidably installed on the surface of the guide rail 13. Four sliders 14 are fixedly installed on the bottom of the workbench 6.
[0031] Specifically, the bracket 2, screw rod 3, stepper motor 4, threaded block 5, guide rail 13, and slider 14 are arranged. When working, the stepper motor 4 is started to drive the screw rod 3 to rotate, and the screw rod 3 will drive the threaded block 5 to move, and the threaded block 5 will drive the work table 6 to move, so that the sole placed indirectly on the work table 6 will also move. It should be noted that before work, the work table 6 is outside the machine. After the sole is placed, the work table 6 is moved into the machine by the screw rod 3 and the stepper motor 4. At the same time, the sole will also move to the bottom of the grinding wheel 26, and then the sole grinding process is performed. Among them, the work table 6 will also drive the slider 14 to slide on the guide rail 13 when moving, so that the work table 6 can be limited, thereby ensuring the stability of the feeding work of the work table 6 and providing convenience for the user's work.
[0032] A gantry 15 is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the base 1, and a stepper motor 17 is fixedly installed on one side of the gantry 15. A screw rod 18 is rotatably installed on one side of the gantry 15, and the output shaft of the stepper motor 17 is fixedly connected to the screw rod 18. A threaded block 20 is threadedly installed on the surface of the screw rod 18, and a limit frame 21 is fixedly installed on one side of the threaded block 20. Two guide rails 16 distributed up and down are fixedly installed on one side of the gantry 15, and two sliders 19 are slidably installed on the surface of the guide rail 16. Four sliders 19 are fixedly installed on the limit frame 21.
[0033] Specifically, the gantry 15, the guide rail 16, the stepper motor 17, the screw rod 18, the slider 19, the thread block 20, and the limit frame 21 are set. When the stepper motor 17 is started, the screw rod 18 is driven to rotate. The screw rod 18 drives the thread block 20 to move horizontally. At the same time, the limit frame 21 installed on the thread block 20 will also move together. Finally, the grinding wheel 26 can achieve horizontal movement. Among them, the slider 19 is also installed on the limit frame 21. Therefore, when the limit frame 21 moves, it will also drive the slider 19 to The shoe is ground on the guide rail 16, and the shoe is ground on the guide rail 16. The stability of the lateral movement of the limit frame 21 is ensured, and the stability of the lateral movement of the grinding wheel 26 is improved, which provides convenience for the user's work. Therefore, a structural design that can support the sole is adopted on the grinding machine, and a pad matching the sole is fixed on the grinding machine to support the sole, ensuring that the contact force between each position of the sole and the grinding wheel is evenly distributed, avoiding the uneven thickness of the sole after grinding, improving the efficiency and quality of the sole grinding process, and providing convenience for the user's work.
[0034] A movable frame 22 is slidably mounted on one side of the limiting frame 21, a stepper motor four 28 is fixedly mounted on one side of the top of the gantry 15, a screw rod three 27 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the stepper motor four 28, the screw rod three 27 is rotatably mounted on the gantry 15, and the movable frame 22 is threadedly mounted on the screw rod three 27.
[0035] Specifically, the setting of the movable frame 22, the stepper motor four 28, and the screw rod three 27, starting the stepper motor four 28 to drive the screw rod three 27 to rotate, and then the screw rod three 27 drives the movable frame 22 to move up and down, so that the grinding wheel 26 can be controlled to move up and down, thereby ensuring the adaptive change of the grinding height of the grinding wheel 26, ensuring the normal progress of the grinding work, and improving the quality and efficiency of the sole grinding, wherein the movable frame 22 slides on the limit frame 21 at the same time, so that the limit frame 21 can limit the movable frame 22, thereby ensuring the stability of the movable frame 22 when moving up and down.
[0036] A stepper motor three 23 is fixedly mounted on one side of the mobile frame 22, and a synchronous wheel one 24 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the stepper motor three 23. A synchronous wheel two 25 is rotatably mounted on one side of the bottom of the mobile frame 22. The synchronous wheel one 24 and the synchronous wheel two 25 are connected through a synchronous belt transmission, and a grinding wheel 26 is fixedly mounted on one end of the synchronous wheel two 25.
[0037] Specifically, the movable frame 22, the stepper motor three 23, the synchronous wheel one 24, the synchronous wheel two 25, and the grinding wheel 26 are set. When working, the stepper motor three 23 is started to drive the synchronous wheel one 24 to rotate, the synchronous wheel one 24 drives the synchronous wheel two 25 to rotate, and the synchronous wheel two 25 drives the grinding wheel 26 to rotate to grind the sole placed on the sole bracket 9, providing convenience for the user's work.
[0038] It should be noted that the functions to be implemented by each hardware in the present invention are supported by a large number of mature technologies and belong to the existing technology. The essence of the present invention lies in optimizing the combination of existing hardware and its connection methods for specific application scenarios to meet the adaptation needs in specific application scenarios and solve the problems raised in the background technology (not involving improvements to the software inside the hardware).
[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A sole roughening machine for shoemaking, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A workbench (6) is provided on the top of the base (1), and a mounting block (7) and a mounting block (8) are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the workbench (6), respectively. A groove is provided on the top of the mounting block (8), and a pad (12) is inserted into the interior of the groove. A sole bracket (9) is provided between the mounting block (7) and the mounting block (8), and one end of the sole bracket (9) is fixedly connected to a mounting screw (10), and a locking nut (11) located on the outside of the mounting block (7) is threadedly installed on the surface of the mounting screw (10).
2. A sole roughening machine for shoemaking according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two brackets (2) are fixedly installed on the top of the base (1), and a screw rod (3) is rotatably installed between the two brackets (2). A stepper motor (4) is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the base (1), and the output shaft of the stepper motor (4) is fixedly connected to the screw rod (3). A threaded block (5) is threadedly installed on the surface of the screw rod (3), and the threaded block (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the workbench (6).
3. A sole roughening machine for shoemaking according to claim 2, characterized in that: Guide rails 1 (13) are fixedly mounted on both sides of the top of the base (1), and two sliders 1 (14) are slidably mounted on the surface of the guide rails 1 (13), and the four sliders 1 (14) are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the workbench (6).
4. A sole roughening machine for shoemaking according to claim 3, characterized in that: A gantry (15) is fixedly mounted on one side of the top of the base (1), a second stepper motor (17) is fixedly mounted on one side of the gantry (15), a second screw rod (18) is rotatably mounted on one side of the gantry (15), and an output shaft of the second stepper motor (17) is fixedly connected to the second screw rod (18).
5. The sole roughening machine for shoemaking according to claim 4, characterized in that: The surface of the screw rod 2 (18) is threadedly mounted with a thread block 2 (20), one side of the thread block 2 (20) is fixedly mounted with a limit frame (21), one side of the gantry (15) is fixedly mounted with two guide rails 2 (16) distributed up and down, two sliders 2 (19) are slidably mounted on the surface of the guide rail 2 (16), and the four sliders 2 (19) are all fixedly mounted on the limit frame (21).
6. A sole roughening machine for shoemaking according to claim 5, characterized in that: A movable frame (22) is slidably mounted on one side of the limit frame (21), a stepper motor four (28) is fixedly mounted on one side of the top of the gantry frame (15), a screw rod three (27) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the stepper motor four (28), the screw rod three (27) is rotatably mounted on the gantry frame (15), and the movable frame (22) is threadedly mounted on the screw rod three (27).
7. A sole roughening machine for shoemaking according to claim 6, characterized in that: A stepper motor 3 (23) is fixedly mounted on one side of the movable frame (22), a synchronous wheel 1 (24) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the stepper motor 3 (23), a synchronous wheel 2 (25) is rotatably mounted on one side of the bottom of the movable frame (22), the synchronous wheel 1 (24) and the synchronous wheel 2 (25) are connected via a synchronous belt transmission, and a grinding wheel (26) is fixedly mounted on one end of the synchronous wheel 2 (25).