Friction and wear test bench for small agricultural machinery parts

Abstract

The utility model relates to a small agricultural machinery part friction wear test bench, which comprises a test bench, a variable-frequency and variable-speed motor, a speed reducer and a frequency converter are arranged on the test bench, a rotating shaft drives a cutterhead to realize reciprocating circular motion, the cutterhead is detachable, and a cutter sample is connected onto the cutterhead. The abrasive tank is connected with the lifting device and provided with a two-leaf separation type top cover. The contact depth of the cutter head and the cutter sample with the abrasive in the abrasive tank can be adjusted through the lifting device, so that the requirements of different feeding depth abrasion of the cutter sample are met. The linear sliding guide rail device can draw the lifting device and the abrasive tank out of the test bed, and the requirement for frequently replacing abrasives in the test process is met. The device is designed for solving the problems of large occupied area, incapability of continuous operation and the like of the conventional agricultural machinery part friction-wear test bench, is compact in structure, flexible and convenient, and meets the requirements of agricultural machinery part friction-wear tests in colleges and universities at the present stage.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to agricultural machinery field especially relates to agricultural machinery component friction and wear test, concretely refers to a small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of society and the progress and innovation of science and technology, the research on the wear characteristics of agricultural machinery components in agricultural mechanization operation is increasingly in-depth.

[0003] The wear resistance test is the key link for evaluating the service life of agricultural machinery components, and the current wear resistance test is mainly divided into outdoor field test and indoor test bench test. The components to be tested are installed on the agricultural machinery equipment in the normal field operation condition to test the wear resistance level, the test data obtained by this method is real and reliable, but this method is easily restricted by the factors such as planting season and regional climate, and the test period is extremely long, a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are needed, which seriously limits its application.

[0004] The indoor test bench test method can simulate the field test and is not limited by season, climate and whether the agricultural machinery equipment is available, the test variables can be accurately controlled, the research and development period is greatly shortened, and it is commonly used for test in scientific research institutions and colleges and universities.

[0005] However, the commonly used wear test bench at present is mostly large-scale linear reciprocating type, and has problems such as large floor area and inability to work continuously for a long time without interruption. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0006] The utility model provides a small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench in view of the deficiency of prior art, simple structure, small floor area, easy to disassemble and assemble, and can work continuously.

[0007] The utility model is realized through the following technical schemes, provide a small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench, including test bench, install abrasive's abrasive jar, drive the abrasive jar along the vertical movement's lifting device, and extend to the abrasive inside the rotating shaft downward, the lower end of the rotating shaft is fixed with cutter head, the cutter head is detachably fixed with cutter sample, the test bench is also equipped with the driving device of driving the rotating shaft rotates around the vertical axis.

[0008] In use, the cutter sample is buried in the abrasive in the abrasive jar, the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the driving device, so as to drive the cutter sample to rotate in the abrasive, the abrasive is used to wear the cutter sample, the friction and wear test is carried out by simulating the field soil working condition, the abrasive jar can be driven to move up and down by setting the lifting device, so as to adjust the depth of the cutter sample into the abrasive, meet the wear requirement of different material depth of the cutter sample.

[0009] As optimization, the driving device is located on the top of the test bench, and the rotating shaft, the abrasive tank and the lifting device are located inside the test bench. The optimization scheme is arranged, the volume of the test bench is reduced, the occupied space is reduced, and the indoor use requirement is better met.

[0010] As optimization, the lifting device is fixed below the guide rail extending out of the test bench in the transverse direction, the sliding block is slidably arranged on the guide rail, and the bottom of the lifting device is fixedly connected with the sliding block. Through the arrangement of the guide rail and the sliding block, the abrasive tank is conveniently moved out of the test bench after the height of the lifting device is lowered, and the abrasive in the abrasive tank is conveniently replaced.

[0011] As optimization, the guide rail is sequentially provided with an inner block and an opening and closing block in the length direction, the sliding block is located between the inner block and the opening and closing block in the test state, and the distance between the two end faces of the sliding block in the length direction of the guide rail is matched with the distance between the inner block and the opening and closing block. The opening and closing block comprises two fixed seats respectively fixed on both sides of the guide rail in the width direction, and a limiting plate hinged to one of the fixed seats through a horizontal shaft. When the movable end of the limiting plate is supported on the other fixed seat, the lower edge of the limiting plate is lower than the upper edge of the sliding block. A gap is arranged between the fixed seat and the guide rail for the sliding block to pass through. Through the arrangement of the inner block and the opening and closing block, the sliding block is slid to between the inner block and the opening and closing block before the test starts, and the limiting plate of the opening and closing block is rotated to the closed state, that is, the end away from the horizontal shaft is supported on the fixed seat on the other side. The limiting plate and the inner block are used to fix the sliding block, so as to prevent the sliding block from moving by itself, and the stability of the test is improved.

[0012] As optimization, the guide rail is further fixed with an outer block located on the side away from the inner block of the opening and closing block. The outer block is located outside the test bench, and the distance between the outer block and the opening and closing block is greater than the distance between the two end faces of the sliding block in the length direction of the guide rail. Through the arrangement of the outer block, the sliding block is limited when moving outward, and the sliding block is prevented from falling off the sliding rail.

[0013] As optimization, the test bench is fixed with a cross beam above the abrasive tank, the cross beam is fixed with a limiting sleeve, the limiting sleeve is installed with a bearing matched with the rotating shaft, and the cross beam is further provided with a through hole for the rotating shaft to pass through. Through the arrangement of the cross beam, the limiting sleeve is conveniently installed. Through the arrangement of the limiting sleeve and the bearing, the shaking of the rotating shaft is reduced, the position accuracy of the rotating shaft is ensured, and the accuracy of the test data of the whole wear test bench is ensured.

[0014] As an optimization, the top cover of the abrasive tank is provided with a top cover, the bottom surface of which is fixedly provided with a positioning platform extending downward into the abrasive tank and adapted to the inner diameter of the abrasive tank. A through hole for the rotating shaft to pass through is opened on the top cover, and a sealing ring is provided between the rotating shaft and the hole wall of the through hole. This optimization solution prevents abrasive from splashing out of the abrasive tank from above by providing a top cover, improves the sealing effect of the top cover on the upper opening of the abrasive tank by providing a positioning platform, and improves the sealing effect of the top cover where the rotating shaft passes through by providing a sealing ring.

[0015] As an optimization, the top cover includes two semicircular top plates, each with a semicircular hole at its center. The two semicircular holes form the through hole. A connecting flange supporting the semicircular top plates is fixed to the top of the abrasive tank, and the semicircular top plates are fixedly connected to the connecting flanges by bolts. This optimization solution configures the top cover as a two-semicircular top plate structure, making it easier to open the top cover, thereby improving the efficiency of replacing abrasives. The provision of the connecting flange facilitates the support and fixation of the top cover, and the semicircular top plates are fixedly connected to the connecting flanges by bolts, making it easier to remove and assemble the semicircular top plates.

[0016] As an optimization, the drive device includes a variable frequency speed regulating motor and a reducer. The output shaft of the variable frequency speed regulating motor is drivingly connected to the input shaft of the reducer. Both the output shaft of the variable frequency speed regulating motor and the input shaft of the reducer extend horizontally. The output shaft of the reducer extends downward and is coaxial with the rotating shaft. The output shaft of the reducer and the rotating shaft are drivingly connected via a coupling. The drive device of this optimization solution has a simple structure. The output shaft and input shaft of the reducer are at 90 degrees, avoiding the problem of large height space occupied by the vertical arrangement of the motor shaft.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the rotary shaft is used to drive the cutter disc to rotate to realize cyclic reciprocating circular motion, thereby realizing long-term uninterrupted testing; the contact depth between the cutter disc and the tool sample in the abrasive inside the abrasive tank can be adjusted by the lifting device, thereby meeting the wear requirements of the tool sample at different feeding depths; the lifting device and the abrasive tank can be withdrawn from the test bench by setting a guide rail, thereby meeting the requirement of frequent replacement of abrasives during the test process; the whole machine has a compact structure, occupies little space, is flexible and convenient, and is suitable for the current needs of colleges and universities for friction and wear tests of agricultural machinery components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cutter head and the tool specimen;

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the limit sleeve structure;

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the semicircular top plate structure of the top cover;

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the lifting device structure;

[0023] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the guide rail structure.

[0024] shown in the figure:

[0025] 1, coupling, 2, limiting device, 3, top cover, 4, abrasive tank, 5, lifting device, 6, guide rail, 7, test bench, 8, sealing ring, 9, rotating shaft, 10, frequency conversion speed regulation motor, 11, speed reducer, 12, frequency converter, 13, cutter head, 14, cutter sample, 21, bearing, 22, limiting sleeve, 23, flange plate, 31, bolt hole, 32, positioning table, 33, sealing groove, 34, through hole, 51, lifting platform end cover, 52, telescopic hydraulic cylinder, 53, roller, 54, lifting platform base, 55, shearing support rod, 56, limiting fixed rod, 57, support ear plate, 61, connecting base, 62, limiting plate, 63, fixed seat, 64, sliding block, 65, outer stop block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] To clearly illustrate the technical features of the present scheme, the present scheme will be described below through specific embodiments.

[0027] As Figure 1 shown, a small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench, including fixed on the ground test bench 7, equipped with abrasive abrasive tank 4, drive the abrasive tank 4 along the vertical movement of the lifting device 5, and extend downward into the abrasive rotating shaft 9, the lower end of the rotating shaft 9 is provided with cutter head 13, the cutter head is detachably connected with cutter sample 14 through bolt, cutter sample 14 is in the abrasive tank in the abrasive, the test bench 7 is also provided with driving device for driving the rotating shaft 9 rotating around the vertical axis, rotating shaft is driven by driving device, so as to drive the cutter head and cutter sample rotating in the abrasive, using abrasive wear on the cutter sample, realize the friction and wear test of cutter sample.

[0028] In order to make the structure of the test bench more compact, the driving device of the embodiment is located at the top of the test bench 7, and the rotating shaft 9, the abrasive tank 4 and the lifting device 5 are all located inside the test bench. Among them, the driving device includes a variable frequency speed regulation motor 10 and a speed reducer 11, the variable frequency speed regulation motor is electrically connected with a frequency converter 12, the output shaft of the variable frequency speed regulation motor is in transmission connection with the input shaft of the speed reducer, and the output shaft of the variable frequency speed regulation motor and the input shaft of the speed reducer all extend along the horizontal direction, the output shaft of the speed reducer extends downward and is coaxial with the rotating shaft, the output shaft of the speed reducer is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft through a coupling 1, the upper end of the coupling 1 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the output shaft of the speed reducer 11, and the lower end of the coupling is fixedly connected with the upper end of the rotating shaft. As a preferred solution, the coupling 1 adopts a plum blossom coupling.

[0029] In order to avoid the rotating shaft from jumping during work, a cross beam located above the abrasive tank is fixed on the test bench, a limiting sleeve 22 is fixed on the cross beam, a bearing 21 matched with the rotating shaft 9 is installed in the limiting sleeve 22, the bearing 21 is limitedly installed in the limiting sleeve 22 in an interference fit manner, a through hole is formed in the cross beam for the rotating shaft to pass through, a flange plate 23 is arranged on the lower end of the limiting sleeve and extends outward, bolt holes are formed in the flange plate 23 for connecting bolts to be arranged, so as to fixedly connect the flange plate with the cross beam, and the stability of the test bench is ensured. The bearing 21 is a thrust bearing, which ensures the limiting effect, and the bearing and the limiting sleeve form a limiting device 2 for the rotating shaft. The bearing and the limiting sleeve jointly restrict five degrees of freedom of the rotating shaft, only the rotating shaft is allowed to rotate along the axial direction, the center axis of the rotating shaft is always coincided with the center axis of the output shaft of the speed reducer, the position accuracy of the rotating shaft and the accuracy of the test data of the whole wear test bench are ensured.

[0030] The abrasive tank is in a whole cylindrical shape with an opening facing upward, a top cover 3 is arranged on the top of the abrasive tank, a positioning table 32 extending downward into the abrasive tank and matched with the inner diameter of the abrasive tank is fixed on the bottom surface of the top cover, so as to form a stepped structure, the outer edge of the stepped structure extends outward and is higher than the inner edge, the inner edge side wall is attached to the outer wall of the abrasive tank barrel, and the sealing of the abrasive in the barrel is ensured. A through hole 34 is formed in the top cover for the rotating shaft to pass through, and a sealing ring 8 is arranged between the rotating shaft and the hole wall of the through hole, a sealing groove 33 matched with the sealing ring is arranged on the side wall of the through hole, and the through hole, the rotating shaft and the coupling are coaxially arranged. The sealing ring is a rubber sealing ring, which is interference-fitted in the sealing groove, so as to further ensure the sealing of the abrasive environment in the barrel of the abrasive tank during the work of the friction and wear test bench

[0031] In order to open the top cover more conveniently, the top cover is provided as a split structure in the embodiment, specifically, the top cover includes two semicircular top plates, the diameter edges of the two semicircular top plates are adjacent to form a circular top cover, a semicircular hole is arranged at the center of each of the two semicircular top plates, the two semicircular holes form the through hole 34, a connecting flange supporting the semicircular top plates is welded and fixed to the outer side wall of the top of the abrasive tank, and the semicircular top plates are fixed to the connecting flange through bolts, a plurality of bolt holes 31 are arranged on the semicircular top plates in a circumferential direction and for the bolts to pass through.

[0032] When the test bench is working, the two-page split abrasive tank top cover is fastened and connected and installed, so that the abrasive is always inside the abrasive tank, and the additional waste caused by the splashing of the abrasive is reduced; after the test bench is completed, the abrasive is unloaded and replaced through the detachable split abrasive tank top cover.

[0033] The lifting device can adopt the existing technology, and can select an electric push rod, a hydraulic cylinder, a screw nut mechanism arranged in a vertical direction and the like in the existing technology, the hydraulic driven scissor lifting platform in the existing technology is selected in the embodiment, so that the supporting area of the abrasive tank is conveniently increased, and the stability of the upward and downward movement of the abrasive tank is better guaranteed. The telescopic hydraulic cylinder causes telescopic movement by the flow and pressure change of the liquid in the cylinder, converts the kinetic energy of the liquid into mechanical energy, drives the rollers on the shearing support rods to translate along the end surface of the lifting platform, and thus the lifting process of the lifting device is realized. The four shearing support rods 55 are provided with the rollers 53 which are movable on the lower surface of the lifting platform end cover 51 and the upper surface of the lifting platform base 54. Three limiting fixed rods 56 are perpendicular to the four shearing support rods 55 and are connected and installed. The telescopic hydraulic cylinder 52 is connected with the limiting fixed rods 56. When in use, the abrasive tank is placed on the top of the scissor lifting platform, and the connecting lug plate fixed to the lower end of the abrasive tank is bolted with the scissor lifting platform, so that the abrasive tank is conveniently installed and removed, and the supporting lug plates 57 corresponding to the connecting lug plate are fixed to the two sides of the lifting platform end cover 51.

[0034] The maximum lifting height of the lifting device in the embodiment is 0.7 meters, which meets the highest lifting requirement of the small agricultural machine component friction and wear test bench. The height of the abrasive tank and the ground is adjusted through the lifting device, and then the contact depth of the cutter head and the cutter sample and the abrasive at the bottom of the abrasive tank is controlled, so that the requirement of different abrasive feeding depths of the cutter sample is met.

[0035] The guide rail 6 extending out of the test bench frame in a transverse direction is fixed below the lifting device, the sliding block 64 is slidably arranged on the guide rail, the clamping groove matched with the guide rail is arranged on the sliding block, the sliding block 64 is welded and fixed to the bottom of the lifting device, and the sliding block moves along the guide rail to drive the abrasive tank to move synchronously.

[0036] The inner stopper is fixed to the guide rail and located inside the test bench. In the test state, the sliding block is located between the inner stopper and the opening and closing stopper, and the distance between the two end faces of the sliding block in the length direction of the guide rail is matched with the distance between the inner stopper and the opening and closing stopper, so as to limit the movement of the sliding block. In order to reduce the weight of the sliding block, the sliding block is provided in a split structure in this embodiment, that is, two sliding block bodies are arranged on the same guide rail, and the two sliding block bodies are fixed to the bottom of the lifting device, respectively. The distance between the two end faces of the two sliding block bodies away from each other is matched with the distance between the inner stopper and the opening and closing stopper.

[0037] The opening and closing stopper includes two fixed seats 63 respectively fixed on both sides of the guide rail in the width direction, and a limiting plate 62 hinged to one of the fixed seats through a horizontal shaft. When the movable end of the limiting plate 62 is supported on the other fixed seat, the lower edge of the limiting plate is lower than the upper edge of the sliding block. A gap is provided between the fixed seat and the guide rail for the sliding block to pass through.

[0038] An outer stopper 65 is further fixed on the guide rail, which is located away from the inner stopper on one side of the opening and closing stopper. The outer stopper is located outside the test bench, and the distance between the outer stopper and the opening and closing stopper is greater than the distance between the two end faces of the sliding block in the length direction of the guide rail. The guide rail, the inner stopper, the opening and closing stopper and the outer stopper form a linear sliding guide rail device 6.

[0039] In order to improve the stability, the guide rails in this embodiment are arranged in parallel. The bottom of the guide rail is fixed with a connecting base 61, which is welded and fixedly installed on the bottom of the test bench 7, so as to ensure the stability of the test bench. The fixed seat 63 is fixedly installed on the connecting base.

[0040] When the test bench is working, the lifting device and the abrasive tank are pushed into the inner end of the linear sliding guide rail device together, the limiting plate is closed, the sliding block is blocked and positioned, the lifting device and the abrasive tank are always located in the working position inside the test bench, and the test bench runs stably during the working process. After the test bench completes the work, the limiting plate is opened, the lifting device and the abrasive tank are pulled out to the outer end of the linear sliding guide rail device, and the unloading and replacement of the abrasive are carried out.

[0041] As a preferred scheme, the diameter of the abrasive tank in this embodiment is 0.6 meters, and the height is 0.3 meters. The length of the two guide rails is 1.8 meters, which is more suitable for laboratory use.

[0042] When the test bed of the embodiment is used, the frequency converter 12 controls the rotating speed of the frequency conversion motor 10, the output shaft of the frequency conversion motor 10 is connected with the input shaft of the speed reducer 11, and drives the output shaft of the speed reducer 11 to rotate. The output shaft of the speed reducer 11 is connected with the rotating shaft 9 through a plum blossom coupling, so that the power transmission device transmits power to the rotating shaft 9. The rotating shaft 9 transmits power to the cutter head 13, and drives the cutter sample 14 on the cutter head 13 to make circular reciprocating motion. The contact depth of the cutter head 13, the cutter sample 14 and the abrasive in the abrasive tank 4 can be adjusted through the lifting device 5, so as to meet the wear requirement of the cutter sample 14 at different feeding depths. The linear sliding guide rail device 6 can draw the lifting device 5 and the abrasive tank 4 out of the test bed 7, and facilitate opening the top cover to add abrasive, so as to meet the requirement of frequently replacing abrasive in the test process.

[0043] Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the technical features not described in the utility model can be realized by or using the prior art, which will not be repeated here. The above embodiments and drawings are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the utility model and are not limited to the utility model. The preferred embodiments of the utility model are described in detail, and those skilled in the art should understand that the changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by those skilled in the art within the essential scope of the utility model do not deviate from the purpose of the utility model, and should also belong to the protection scope of the claims of the utility model.

Claims

1. A small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench, characterized by: The invention comprises a test bench (7), an abrasive jar (4) filled with abrasive, a lifting device (5) for driving the abrasive jar (4) to move vertically, and a rotating shaft (9) extending downward into the abrasive, wherein a cutter disc (13) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the rotating shaft (9), and a tool sample (14) is detachably fixedly connected to the cutter disc, and the test bench (7) is also provided with a driving device for driving the rotating shaft (9) to rotate around a vertical axis.

2. A small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device is located on the top of the test bench (7), and the rotating shaft (9), the abrasive tank (4) and the lifting device (5) are all located inside the test bench.

3. A small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide rail (6) extending laterally out of the test bench is fixedly provided below the lifting device, a slider (64) is slidably provided on the guide rail, and the slider (64) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting device.

4. A small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide rail is provided with an inner stopper and an opening and closing stopper in sequence along the length direction. In the test state, the slider is located between the inner stopper and the opening and closing stopper, and the distance between the two end surfaces of the slider along the length direction of the guide rail is adapted to the distance between the inner stopper and the opening and closing stopper. The opening and closing stopper comprises two fixed seats (63) respectively fixed on both sides of the guide rail in the width direction, and a limit plate (62) hinged to one of the fixed seats through a transverse axis. When the movable end of the limit plate (62) is supported on the other fixed seat, the lower edge of the limit plate is lower than the upper edge of the slider, and a gap is provided between the fixed seat and the guide rail for the slider to pass through.

5. A small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide rail is also provided with an outer stopper (65) located on a side of the opening and closing stopper away from the inner stopper. The outer stopper (65) is located outside the test bench, and the distance between the outer stopper and the opening and closing stopper is greater than the distance between the two end surfaces of the slider along the length direction of the guide rail.

6. A small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test bench is fixedly provided with a crossbeam located above the abrasive tank, the crossbeam is fixedly provided with a limit sleeve (22), a bearing (21) adapted to the rotating shaft (9) is installed in the limit sleeve (22), and a through hole for the rotating shaft to pass through is also provided on the crossbeam.

7. The small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover of the abrasive tank is provided with a top cover (3), the bottom surface of the top cover is fixedly provided with a positioning platform (32) extending downward into the abrasive tank and adapted to the inner diameter of the abrasive tank, a through hole (34) for the rotating shaft to pass through is opened on the top cover, and a sealing ring (8) is provided between the rotating shaft and the hole wall of the through hole.

8. A small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top cover includes two semicircular top plates, each of which has a semicircular hole at its center. The two semicircular holes form the through hole. A connecting flange supporting the semicircular top plate is fixed on the top of the abrasive tank, and the semicircular top plate is fixed to the connecting flange by bolts.

9. The small agricultural machinery component friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device comprises a variable frequency speed regulating motor (10) and a reducer (11), wherein the output shaft of the variable frequency speed regulating motor is in transmission connection with the input shaft of the reducer, and both the output shaft of the variable frequency speed regulating motor and the input shaft of the reducer extend in a horizontal direction, the output shaft of the reducer extends downward and is coaxial with the rotating shaft, and the output shaft of the reducer is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft via a coupling (1).

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