Roadway thin spraying composite supporting structure
By using composite spraying layers and anchoring components in the tunnel support structure, combined with ultra-fine fiber materials, the problem of easy damage of traditional support materials is solved, and efficient and low-cost tunnel support effects are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422923052.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-28
AI Technical Summary
Traditional tunnel support materials are expensive and easily damaged in rock burst tunnels. The spray coating is easily torn, and the deformation of the surrounding rock increases, resulting in a decrease in support effect.
A composite spray layer structure is adopted, including the first spray layer and the second spray layer arranged alternately. The first spray layer is the base material layer, and the second spray layer is the reinforcement layer. Ultrafine fiber material is added. The anchoring assembly includes anchor rods and steel beams to enhance the stiffness and tensile strength of the support structure.
It improves the long-term control effect of the support structure, inhibits the generation of surrounding rock cracks, enhances the bearing capacity of surrounding rock, reduces costs and improves construction efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN223447056U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to roadway construction technical field especially relates to a roadway thin spray composite support structure. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the rapid development of underground engineering construction, the roadway tunneling technology is constantly progressing, and the requirements for roadway support materials are also becoming higher and higher. Traditional roadway support methods such as metal mesh or plastic mesh have certain limitations, such as complex installation, slow construction speed, high cost, etc.
[0003] Therefore, the related technology proposes a spraying support technology, which uses a special spray gun and pumping equipment to uniformly spray the spraying material to the surface of the roadway to form a hard protective layer.
[0004] The spraying support material has the advantages of inhibiting the expansion of shallow surrounding rock cracks, reducing the weathering of water vapor in the roadway on the strength of the surrounding rock, and prolonging the time of the empty roadway, etc., effectively improving the degree of mechanization and the speed of roadway tunneling. However, the cost of spraying support material is high, which limits its large-area popularization and application in engineering.
[0005] In addition, in the impact pressure roadway, frequent impact energy events cause large deformation of the surrounding rock, loss of anchor cable pretightening force, and spraying support can control the damage of impact energy test to the surrounding rock and reduce the loss of anchor cable pretightening force in the initial stage, but with the passage of time, the spraying layer is easy to tear, the deformation of the surrounding rock increases, the loss of anchor cable pretightening force increases, and the spraying layer is severely damaged.
[0006] For example, in a kilometer deep well soft rock roadway, affected by high ground stress, spraying support can control the initial deformation of the surrounding rock, but as the dilatancy deformation of the surrounding rock intensifies, the spraying layer is easy to tear, the integrity is damaged, the support effect is reduced, leading to the development of surrounding rock damage to the deep part, and the deformation of the surrounding rock increases sharply. INVENTION CONTENTS
[0007] The utility model aims at at least in a certain extent solves one of the technical problems in the related art.
[0008] Therefore, the embodiment of the utility model proposes a roadway thin spray composite support structure with cost effectiveness and excellent support performance.
[0009] The roadway thin spray composite support structure of the utility model embodiment comprises:
[0010] The composite spray layer is used for spraying on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the composite spray layer comprises first spray layers and second spray layers arranged alternately in sequence, the first spray layer is the base layer of the composite spray layer, the second spray layer is the reinforcing layer of the composite spray layer, and the outer spray layers of the composite spray layer close to and away from the surrounding rock are all the first spray layers.
[0011] Anchoring assembly, comprising a plurality of anchor rods uniformly arranged on surrounding rock sprayed with the composite spray layer, the anchor rods penetrating through the composite spray layer and inserted into the surrounding rock, and a steel beam arranged between the anchor rods.
[0012] The roadway thin-spray composite supporting structure of the embodiment of the utility model adds superfine organic fibers when spraying thin-spray materials, the fibers have the advantages of high tensile strength, good adhesion with thin-spray materials and low price, the composite spray layer containing the superfine fiber interlayer has high tensile strength and low cost compared with the thin-spray layer of the same thickness without the superfine fiber interlayer, provides higher supporting stiffness, suppresses the generation of surrounding rock cracks, enhances the bearing capacity of surrounding rock and improves the long-term control effect of the supporting structure.
[0013] In some embodiments, the thickness of the composite spray layer is H, and 5mm≤H≤8mm.
[0014] In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the first spray layer are equal.
[0015] In some embodiments, the second spray layer has multiple layers, and the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the second spray layer are equal.
[0016] In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the first spray layer decrease in order from the direction close to the surrounding rock to the direction away from the surrounding rock.
[0017] In some embodiments, the second spray layer has multiple layers, and the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the second spray layer decrease in order from the direction close to the surrounding rock to the direction away from the surrounding rock.
[0018] In some embodiments, the second spray layer has multiple layers, the thicknesses of the first spray layers on the outer side of the composite spray layer close to and away from the surrounding rock are equal, the thicknesses of the second spray layers adjacent to the first spray layers on the outer side are equal, and the thicknesses of the first spray layers between the two adjacent second spray layers are less than the thicknesses of the first spray layers on the outer side.
[0019] In some embodiments, the first spray layers between the two adjacent second spray layers have multiple layers, and the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the first spray layers are equal, and the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the second spray layers are equal.
[0020] In some embodiments, the first spray layers between the two adjacent second spray layers have multiple layers, and the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the first spray layers increase in order from the inside to the outside of the composite spray layer, and the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the second spray layers increase in order from the inside to the outside of the composite spray layer.
[0021] In some embodiments, the adhesion between the first spray layer of the composite spray layer located on the outer side close to the surrounding rock and the surrounding rock is greater than or equal to 1.8 MPa, and the adhesion between the first spray layer and the second spray layer is greater than or equal to the tensile strength of the first spray layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 is a plane schematic view of a roadway thin spray composite support structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0023] Figure 2 is a sectional schematic view of a roadway thin spray composite support structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0024] Figure 3 is a partial schematic view of a structure of a composite spray layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0025] Figure 4 is a partial schematic view of a structure of a composite spray layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0026] Figure 5 is a partial schematic view of a structure of a composite spray layer according to another embodiment of the present application.
[0027] Figure 6 is a partial schematic view of a structure of a composite spray layer according to another embodiment of the present application.
[0028] Figure 7 is a partial schematic view of a structure of a composite spray layer according to another embodiment of the present application.
[0029] Figure 8 is a partial schematic view of a structure of a composite spray layer according to another embodiment of the present application.
[0030] Figure 9 is a partial schematic view of a structure of a composite spray layer according to another embodiment of the present application.
[0031] REFERENCE NUMERALS:
[0032] 1 - composite spray layer, 11 - first spray layer, 12 - second spray layer, 2 - anchoring assembly, 21 - anchor rod, 22 - steel beam, 3 - surrounding rock. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.
[0034] A roadway thin spray composite support structure according to an embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0035] As Figures 1 to 9 shown in the utility model embodiment, the roadway thin spray composite support structure comprises a composite spray layer 1 and an anchoring assembly 2.
[0036] The composite spray layer 1 is used for spraying on the surface of the roadway surrounding rock 3, and the composite spray layer 1 comprises first spray layers 11 and second spray layers 12 arranged alternately in sequence, the first spray layers 11 are base layers of the composite spray layer 1, and the second spray layers 12 are reinforcing layers of the composite spray layer 1; the outer spray layers of the composite spray layer 1 close to and away from the surrounding rock 3 are all the first spray layers 11.
[0037] It can be understood that the first spray layers 11 are sprayed by using thin spray materials, and the second spray layers 12 are sprayed by using superfine fiber materials. In other words, the superfine fiber materials are added when the thin spray materials are sprayed, so that the composite spray layer 1 is formed. When the composite spray layer 1 is constructed, the thin spray materials and the superfine fiber materials are sprayed multiple times, and are gradually stacked in the order of one first spray layer 11 and one second spray layer 12, so that the thickness of the composite spray layer 1 reaches the design thickness.
[0038] For example, the thin spray materials of the first spray layers 11 are mixed by A and B component organic materials, the A component is aromatic isocyanate, and the B component is composed of an amino-terminated polyether and an amino-terminated chain extender. During the spraying process, the A component and the B component are mixed in the spray gun, immediately react after mixing, and solidify on the surface of the surrounding rock 3, and the solidification time is not more than 20s, so that uniform spray layers can be achieved during the spraying process, no sagging phenomenon occurs, and a tough and durable coating is formed.
[0039] Since the roadway is used indoors, it will not be irradiated by ultraviolet rays, so aromatic isocyanate such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) can be selected, which has high reactivity, good mechanical properties and cost-effectiveness.
[0040] The superfine fibers of the second spray layers 12 are used as reinforcing materials, and polypropylene fibers, glass fibers and steel fibers can be selected, the superfine fibers have super tensile strength and strong adhesion to the thin spray materials, so that the superfine fibers and the thin spray materials form an integral composite spray layer 1, and the addition of the superfine fibers significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the composite spray layer 1, so that the composite spray layer 1 performs better when bearing stress.
[0041] Furthermore, the first sprayed layer 11 near the surrounding rock 3 penetrates the surface of the surrounding rock 3, with a bonding strength of no less than 1.8 MPa. The bonding strength between the first sprayed layer 11 and the second sprayed layer 12 is no less than the tensile strength of the first sprayed layer 11. During construction, before the first sprayed layer 11 comes into contact with the surrounding rock 3 and has not yet completely solidified, the ultrafine fibers of the second sprayed layer 12 are spread on the surface of the first sprayed layer 11 using high-pressure air. This effectively integrates the ultrafine fibers with the two layers of thin sprayed material, preventing the two layers from delaminating.
[0042] After the composite sprayed layer 1 is completely solidified, the anchor assembly 2 is constructed. The anchor assembly 2 includes multiple anchor rods 21, which are evenly arranged on the surrounding rock 3 where the composite sprayed layer 1 has been sprayed. The anchor rods 21 penetrate the composite sprayed layer 1 and are inserted into the surrounding rock 3. Steel beams 22 are arranged between the anchor rods 21.
[0043] Optionally, the thickness of the composite spray layer 1 is not less than 5 mm and not more than 8 mm. The thickness design of the composite spray layer 1 is determined based on the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock 3, such as the hardness, strength, and degree of crack development of the rock, to ensure the support effect while meeting the low cost requirement.
[0044] In summary, the tunnel thin-spray composite support structure of the embodiment of the utility model adds ultrafine organic fibers when spraying the thin-spray material. The fibers have the advantages of high tensile strength, good adhesion to the thin-spray material and low price.
[0045] Therefore, compared with the thin sprayed layer of the same thickness without the microfiber interlayer, the tensile strength of the composite sprayed layer 1 containing the microfiber interlayer is increased by 10%, and the elongation after fracture is not reduced, which provides higher support stiffness, inhibits the generation of cracks in the surrounding rock 3, enhances the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock 3, and improves the long-term control effect of the support structure.
[0046] Furthermore, by mixing ultrafine fibers, the amount of spray material used can be reduced, and the spacing between the anchor rods 21 can be increased, thereby reducing the amount of anchor rods 21 used and reducing costs by 15%.
[0047] like Figures 2 to 9 As shown, in the tunnel thin-shot composite support structure of the embodiment of the utility model, the structural forms of the composite shotcrete layer 1 are various to adapt to the physical and mechanical properties of different surrounding rocks 3 and realize the optimal support structure.
[0048] Alternatively, as Figure 3 As shown, the arrangement of the composite spray layer 1 is that the first spray layer 11 has two layers, a second spray layer 12 is sandwiched between the two first spray layers 11, and the thickness of the two first spray layers 11 are equal. Figure 4 As shown, the first sprayed layer 11 is provided with two or more layers, and the second sprayed layer 12 has at least two layers, and the thicknesses of the multiple second sprayed layers 12 are also equal.
[0049] Alternatively, as Figure 5 As shown, the arrangement of the composite spray layer 1 is also as follows: the first spray layer 11 has two layers, and a second spray layer 12 is sandwiched between the two first spray layers 11. However, the thickness of the two first spray layers 11 decreases in sequence from close to the surrounding rock 3 to far away from the surrounding rock 3. Figure 6 As shown, if the first spray layer 11 is provided with two or more layers, the second spray layer 12 has at least two layers, and the thickness of the multiple second spray layers 12 also decreases in sequence from close to the surrounding rock 3 to far away from the surrounding rock 3.
[0050] Alternatively, as Figure 7 As shown, the composite spray layer 1 is arranged in a manner such that at least two first spray layers 11 are provided, and at least two second spray layers 12 are provided. The thickness of the first spray layers 11 located on the outside of the composite spray layer 1, close to and away from the surrounding rock 3, is equal, and the thickness of the second spray layers 12 adjacent to the outer first spray layers 11 is also equal. The thickness of the first spray layer 11 between two adjacent second spray layers 12 is less than that of the outer first spray layer 11.
[0051] In other words, the thickness of the spray layer located on the outside of the composite spray layer 1 is greater than the thickness of the spray layer located on the inside. This arrangement of the composite spray layer 1 also includes the following two situations.
[0052] First, if Figure 8 As shown, there are multiple layers of first sprayed layers 11 between two adjacent second sprayed layers 12. The thickness of the first sprayed layers 11 sandwiched between the second sprayed layers 12 is equal, and the thickness of all the second sprayed layers 12 is also equal.
[0053] Second, if Figure 9 As shown, similarly, the first spray layer 11 between two adjacent second spray layers 12 has multiple layers. However, the thickness of the multiple first spray layers 11 increases from the inside to the outside of the composite spray layer 1, and the thickness of the multiple second spray layers 12 also increases from the inside to the outside of the composite spray layer 1.
[0054] In summary, the thickness design of the first sprayed layer 11 and the second sprayed layer 12 needs to be determined according to specific engineering requirements and environmental conditions.
[0055] For example, when spraying with a spray gun, maintaining a consistent spray layer thickness simplifies the construction process and improves efficiency. Furthermore, consistent spray layer thickness makes it easier to monitor and evaluate the spray layer's status.
[0056] Different thicknesses of shotcrete layers can be adjusted based on the varying stress distribution in the surrounding rock (3), effectively distributing and carrying stress. In areas with significant variations in surrounding rock (3) conditions, adjusting the shotcrete layer thickness can achieve more effective support. Increasing the shotcrete layer thickness only in areas requiring reinforcement can avoid unnecessary material waste.
[0057] In the description of the utility model, it is understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the utility model indicated or implied by the device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the utility model.
[0058] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the utility model, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.
[0059] In the utility model, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and other terms should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected or in communication with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited. For ordinary skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0060] In the utility model, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature, which can be direct contact between the first and second features, or indirect contact between the first and second features through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature "above", "above" and "above" of the second feature can be directly above or obliquely above the first feature, or only indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature "below", "below" and "below" of the second feature can be directly below or obliquely below the first feature, or only indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.
[0061] In the present application, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific feature, structure, material or characteristic being described with reference to the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, the person skilled in the art can combine and combine the features of different embodiments or examples described in the specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.
[0062] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present application, and the changes, modifications, replacements and modifications of the above embodiments made by the person skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A tunnel thin shotcrete composite support structure, characterized in that: include: A composite spray layer, which is used for spraying on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and includes a first spray layer and a second spray layer arranged alternately in sequence, wherein the first spray layer is the base material layer of the composite spray layer, the second spray layer is the reinforcement layer of the composite spray layer, and the outer spray layers of the composite spray layer close to and away from the surrounding rock are both the first spray layer; An anchoring assembly, the anchoring assembly includes a plurality of anchor rods, the plurality of anchor rods are evenly arranged on the surrounding rock on which the composite spray layer is sprayed, the anchor rods penetrate the composite spray layer and are inserted into the surrounding rock, and steel beams are provided between the anchor rods.
2. The tunnel thin shotcrete composite support structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the composite spray layer is H, and 5mm≤H≤8mm.
3. The tunnel thin shotcrete composite support structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The thicknesses of the multiple layers of the first sprayed layers are all equal.
4. The tunnel thin shotcrete composite support structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The second sprayed layer has multiple layers, and the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the second sprayed layer are equal.
5. The tunnel thin shotcrete composite support structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The thickness of the multiple layers of the first sprayed layers decreases in sequence from close to the surrounding rock to far away from the surrounding rock.
6. The tunnel thin shotcrete composite support structure according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The second sprayed layer has multiple layers, and the thickness of the multiple layers of the second sprayed layer decreases in sequence from close to the surrounding rock to far away from the surrounding rock.
7. The tunnel thin shotcrete composite support structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The second sprayed layer has multiple layers, the thicknesses of the first sprayed layers located on the outside of the composite sprayed layer close to and far from the surrounding rock are equal, the thicknesses of the second sprayed layers adjacent to the first sprayed layer located on the outside are equal, and the thickness of the first sprayed layer between two adjacent second sprayed layers is less than the thickness of the first sprayed layer located on the outside.
8. The tunnel thin shotcrete composite support structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that: There are multiple layers of the first sprayed layer between two adjacent layers of the second sprayed layer, and the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the first sprayed layer are all equal, and the thicknesses of the multiple layers of the second sprayed layer are all equal.
9. The tunnel thin shotcrete composite support structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The first spray layer between two adjacent second spray layers has multiple layers, and the thickness of the multiple first spray layers increases sequentially from the inside to the outside of the composite spray layer, and the thickness of the multiple second spray layers increases sequentially from the inside to the outside of the composite spray layer.
10. The tunnel thin shotcrete composite support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The bonding strength between the first spray layer located on the outer side of the composite spray layer close to the surrounding rock and the surrounding rock is greater than or equal to 1.8 MPa, and the bonding strength between the first spray layer and the second spray layer is greater than or equal to the tensile strength of the first spray layer.