Isolation switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring function and GIS substation
By introducing a torque sensor and angle detection component into the electric operating mechanism of the disconnector switch, the closing process is monitored in real time, which solves the jamming problem caused by the misalignment of the disconnector switch contacts and the knife switch, ensuring the normal operation of the equipment and preventing damage.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422744968.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-07
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-11
AI Technical Summary
In GIS substations, misalignment between the contacts of the disconnecting switch and the knife switch can cause the switch to jam during closing, preventing normal closing and potentially damaging the knife switch or contacts, thus affecting equipment reliability and safety.
An electric operating mechanism for disconnecting switches with torque monitoring is adopted. The torque and angle during the closing process are monitored in real time by a torque sensor and an angle detection component. The control module controls the drive component to stop to prevent forced closing.
Timely detection and prevention of damage to disconnect switches improve the reliability and safety of the equipment and avoid large-scale power outages.
Smart Images
Figure CN223527056U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of disconnecting switch, specifically relates to a disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring and GIS substation. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the rapid development of power system, more and more new substations are built, and GIS substations gradually replace traditional substations due to many advantages such as small occupation area and high reliability. Since GIS is injected with SF6 gas for insulation, it has strict requirements for the air tightness of the equipment, which makes the contact and other parts need to be wrapped in a closed tank. Therefore, the internal parts cannot be directly observed during the debugging process and the subsequent maintenance process. The contact of the disconnecting switch is generally two clamps, and when the switch is closed, the disconnecting switch is inserted into the two clamps for clamping. During the installation process, the contact of the disconnecting switch may be offset from the position of the knife switch, which may cause the knife switch to not be normally inserted into the two clamps of the contact when the switch is closed, resulting in interference between the knife switch and one of the clamps during the closing process, causing the knife switch to collide with one of the clamps during the closing process, which may cause the knife switch to be stuck, and the operator may continue to close the switch when the switch is stuck, which may cause the knife switch or the contact to be bent or deformed, or the surface of the contact and the knife switch to be scratched, thereby causing the knife switch and the contact to not work normally, directly affecting the operation of the equipment, reducing the reliability of the switch, shortening the service life of the switch, and even causing the line to trip, resulting in a large area of power failure.
[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring and GIS substation to solve or at least partially solve the problems in the prior art. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS
[0004] The utility model aims at providing a disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring, which aims to solve the problem of judging whether the switch is stuck in time during the debugging process and preventing the knife switch and the contact from colliding.
[0005] A disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring, comprising a rack and a driving assembly, the driving assembly being installed on the rack, further comprising a torque sensor, an angle detection assembly and a control module, the torque sensor, the angle detection assembly and the control module being installed on the rack, the torque sensor and the angle detection assembly being coaxially and serially installed on the output end of the driving assembly in sequence, and the torque sensor being located at one end close to the driving assembly.
[0006] Further, the driving assembly comprises a driving motor, a speed reducer and an output shaft, the speed reducer is detachably connected to the frame, the driving motor is installed on the speed reducer, the input end of the speed reducer is connected to the output end of the driving motor, the output shaft is rotatably installed on the speed reducer, and the output end of the speed reducer is connected to the output shaft, and the torque sensor and the angle detection assembly are coaxially installed on the output shaft.
[0007] Further, the angle detection assembly comprises a driving gear, a driven gear and an angle sensor, the driving gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft, the driven gear is rotatably connected to the frame, the driven gear is engaged with the driving gear, and the angle sensor is fixedly connected to the frame.
[0008] Further, the driving assembly further comprises a brake, and the brake is coaxially connected to the output end of the driving motor.
[0009] Further, the driving assembly further comprises a first stroke switch, a second stroke switch and a sliding block, the sliding block is slidably connected to the frame, the middle part of the output shaft is connected to the output end of the speed reducer, one end of the output shaft away from the torque sensor is provided with a thread, the sliding block is threadedly connected to the output shaft, the first stroke switch and the second stroke switch are installed on the frame along the length direction of the output shaft, and the first stroke switch and the second stroke switch are located in the sliding stroke of the sliding block.
[0010] Further, the first stroke switch and the second stroke switch are arranged on both sides of the sliding block.
[0011] Further, the driving assembly further comprises a sliding rod and a sliding frame, the sliding rod is arranged in parallel to the output shaft, both ends of the sliding rod are fixedly connected to the frame, and the sliding frame is fixedly connected to the sliding block.
[0012] Further, the sliding groove is a U-shaped sliding groove.
[0013] Further, the speed reducer comprises a shell, a worm wheel and a worm, the shell is fixedly connected to the frame, the worm wheel and the worm are engaged, and the worm wheel and the worm are rotatably connected in the shell, the worm is coaxially fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor, the worm wheel is sleeved on the output shaft, and the worm wheel is arranged in the middle part of the output shaft.
[0014] The utility model further provides a GIS substation, and the GIS substation comprises the disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring.
[0015] The utility model discloses the technical scheme, has the following beneficial effects:
[0016] If the relative position of the knife switch and the two clamping pieces of the contact is offset, the knife switch will abut against one of the two clamping pieces of the contact during closing, at this time, the resistance of the driving operation shaft of the driving assembly is detected to be larger by the torque sensor, when the torque detected by the torque sensor exceeds the set value of the torque sensor, and the angle detected by the angle detection assembly is not in the closing position, it can be determined that the closing process is stuck, the driving assembly is stopped by the control module, so as to stop closing in time, and the troubleshooting is carried out in time by manual, so as to prevent the damage of the knife switch or the contact caused by forced closing.
[0017] In addition to the purposes, features and advantages described above, the utility model has other purposes, features and advantages. Below, the utility model will be described in detail with reference to the drawings Figures 1-9 The utility model will be described further in detail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] The drawings that constitute a part of this application are used to provide further understanding of the utility model, the illustrative embodiment of the utility model and its description are used to explain the utility model, and do not constitute undue limitation to the utility model. In the drawings:
[0019] Figure 1 It is one of the internal structure schematic views of the disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism of the utility model with torque monitoring removes part rack;
[0020] Figure 2 It is the internal structure schematic view of the disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism of the utility model with torque monitoring removes part rack;
[0021] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 The enlarged view of A in Fig.
[0022] Figure 4 It is the sectional view of the disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism of the utility model with torque monitoring removes part rack;
[0023] Figure 5 It is the internal structure schematic view of the disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism of the utility model with torque monitoring removes part rack;
[0024] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 The enlarged view of B in Fig.
[0025] Figure 7 It is the enlarged view of C in Fig. Figure 5
[0026] Figure 8 It is the external structure schematic view of the disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism of the utility model with torque monitoring.
[0027] Figure 9 Figure 1 is a schematic view of a partial enlargement structure of a GIS substation according to the present application.
[0028] 1, rack; 2, driving assembly; 21, driving motor; 22, speed reducer; 23, output shaft; 24, brake; 25, first stroke switch; 26, second stroke switch; 27, sliding block; 28, sliding rod; 29, sliding carriage; 291, sliding groove; 3, torque sensor; 4, angle detection assembly; 41, driving gear; 42, driven gear; 43, angle sensor; 5, control module; 100, isolating switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring; 200, shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below, and preferred embodiments of the present application are given. However, the present application can be realized in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.
[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the present application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application.
[0031] Embodiment:
[0032] Referring to Figures 1-9 The present embodiment provides an isolating switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring 100, comprising a rack 1 and a driving assembly 2, the driving assembly 2 is installed on the rack 1, further comprising a torque sensor 3, an angle detection assembly 4 and a control module 5, the torque sensor 3, the angle detection assembly 4 and the control module 5 are all installed on the rack 1, the torque sensor 3 and the angle detection assembly 4 are coaxially and serially installed on the output end of the driving assembly 2 in sequence, and the torque sensor 3 is located at one end close to the driving assembly 2.
[0033] It should be noted that in the construction of the GIS substation, the disconnecting switch needs to be manually tested after the initial installation is completed to detect whether the opening and closing can be normally performed. In the existing opening and closing detection process, because the GIS substation is in a sealed state, the working state of the internal parts cannot be directly observed, and therefore if the relative position of the contactor and the contact is offset after installation, the contactor will interfere with the clamping piece of the contact during closing. If the contactor still forcibly closes after abutting against the clamping piece of the contact, the contactor or the contact will be scratched, or the clamping piece of the contactor or the contact will be plastically deformed, thereby causing damage to the disconnecting switch.
[0034] Specifically, the rack 1 is detachably connected to the shell 200 of the GIS substation by bolts, the contact and the knife switch of the disconnecting switch are arranged in the shell 200 of the GIS, the operating shaft of the disconnecting switch is used to drive the knife switch to act, and the output shaft 23 of the driving assembly 2 is in butt joint with the operating shaft of the disconnecting switch, so that when the driving assembly 2 acts, the knife switch of the disconnecting switch is driven by the operating shaft of the disconnecting switch to perform the opening or closing action.
[0035] It can be understood that after the disconnecting switch and the disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism with torque detection are installed on the GIS substation, the disconnecting switch needs to be tested for opening and closing, the operating shaft of the disconnecting switch is driven by the driving assembly 2 to act, and then the knife switch and the contact are driven to contact. In the closing process, the torque output by the driving assembly 2 is detected by the torque sensor 3, and the rotation angle of the output end of the driving assembly 2 is detected by the angle detection assembly 4. It can be known that if the two clamping pieces of the knife switch and the contact can normally work, that is, the relative position of the two clamping pieces of the knife switch and the contact is not offset, and the resistance of the knife switch during closing is small, the torque detected by the torque sensor 3 is small, and when the angle detection assembly 4 detects that the rotation angle of the output shaft 23 is within the set range, the driving assembly 2 continues to drive the operating shaft to rotate until the closing action of the knife switch and the contact is completed. If the relative position of the two clamping pieces of the knife switch and the contact is offset, the knife switch will abut against one of the two clamping pieces of the contact during the closing process, and at this time, the resistance of the driving assembly 2 to drive the operating shaft is detected by the torque sensor 3. When the torque detected by the torque sensor 3 exceeds the set value of the torque sensor 3, and the angle detected by the angle detection assembly 4 is not at the closing position, it can be determined that the closing process has been stuck, and the driving assembly 2 is controlled to stop working by the control module 5, so as to stop closing in time and prevent damage to the knife switch or the contact caused by forcibly closing.
[0036] It is worth noting that the torque sensor 3 generally needs to be deformed to measure the torque, that is, by applying torque on the input end of the torque sensor 3, the torque sensor 3 is twisted and deformed, and the torque value is calculated by detecting the amount of torsional deformation. Therefore, by arranging the torque sensor 3 at one end close to the drive assembly 2 and arranging the angle sensor 43 at the other end away from the drive assembly 2, the rotation value detected by the angle sensor 43 is the angle of rotation of the operating shaft of the disconnecting switch driven by the actual driving mechanism, so that the angle value detected by the angle sensor 43 is the true value of the rotation of the operating shaft of the disconnecting switch, preventing the introduction of angle errors of the torque sensor 3.
[0037] It is known that in the conventional method, when one of the clamping pieces of the knife switch or the contact deviates in position during closing, the drive assembly 2 drives the operating shaft of the disconnecting switch to rotate and drives the knife switch to abut against one of the clamping pieces of the contact. Because this abnormal condition cannot be found in time, the drive assembly 2 will continue to work, resulting in deformation or scratches on the deck of the knife switch or the contact. The scheme in the present application detects the torque of the output shaft by the torque sensor 3, and when the torque detected by the torque sensor 3 exceeds the set value of the torque sensor 3 and the angle detected by the angle detection assembly 4 is not at the closing position, it can be determined that the closing process has been stuck. By controlling the drive assembly 2 to stop working through the control module 5, the closing process is stopped in time, and the stuck situation is checked in time by manual operation to prevent damage to the knife switch or the contact caused by forced closing.
[0038] Further, the drive assembly 2 includes a drive motor 21, a speed reducer 22, and an output shaft 23. The speed reducer 22 is detachably connected to the rack 1 by bolts, the drive motor 21 is installed on the speed reducer 22, and the input end of the speed reducer 22 is coaxially connected to the output end of the drive motor 21 through a shaft coupling. The output shaft 23 is rotatably installed on the speed reducer 22 through a bearing, and the output end of the speed reducer 22 is connected to the middle part of the output shaft 23. The torque sensor 3 and the angle detection assembly 4 are coaxially installed on the output shaft 23.
[0039] It can be known that the driving motor 21 drives the reducer 22 to operate, increases the rotating torque and reduces the rotating speed through the reducer 22, so that the output shaft 23 obtains greater rotating torque and slower rotating speed, so as to prevent the closing speed from being too fast and causing damage to the switch blade or contact in the disconnecting switch during the debugging and closing process. It should be noted that the driving of the driving motor 21 is jointly controlled through the control circuit, the torque sensor 3 and the angle detection assembly 4. The driving motor 21 is controlled to rotate forward or reverse through the switch on the manual driving control circuit, the torque is output from the driving motor 21 and sequentially passes through the reducer 22, the output shaft 23, the torque sensor 3 and is output, the angle detection assembly 4 detects the angle of the output end of the torque sensor 3, when the angle detected by the angle detection assembly 4 is within the set range and the torque detected by the torque sensor 3 is also within the set range, the driving motor 21 can continue to rotate normally, at this time it indicates that there is no interference and collision between the switch blade and the contact of the controlled disconnecting switch, and the disconnecting switch can work normally; when the angle detected by the angle detection assembly 4 is within the set range but the torque detected by the torque sensor 3 exceeds the set range, the control circuit controls the driving motor 21 to stop rotating, at this time it indicates that interference occurs between the switch blade and the contact of the controlled disconnecting switch, and timely maintenance is required to prevent the driving motor 21 from continuing to rotate and causing damage to the disconnecting switch.
[0040] Further, the angle detection assembly 4 comprises a driving gear 41, a driven gear 42 and an angle sensor 43, the driving gear 41 is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft 23, the driven gear 42 is rotatably connected to the rack 1, the driven gear 42 is engaged with the driving gear 41, and the angle sensor 43 is fixedly connected to the rack 1, and the driven gear 42 is coaxially fixedly connected to the input end of the angle sensor 43.
[0041] It can be known that the driving motor 21 drives the reducer 22 to operate, increases the rotating torque and reduces the rotating speed through the reducer 22, so that the output shaft 23 obtains greater rotating torque, and slower rotating speed, so as to prevent the closing speed from being too fast and causing damage to the switch blade or contact in the disconnecting switch during the debugging and closing process. It should be noted that the driving of the driving motor 21 is jointly controlled through the control circuit, the torque sensor 3 and the angle detection assembly 4. The driving motor 21 is controlled to rotate forward or reverse through the switch on the manual driving control circuit, the torque is output from the driving motor 21 and sequentially passes through the reducer 22, the output shaft 23, the torque sensor 3 and is output, the angle detection assembly 4 detects the angle of the output end of the torque sensor 3, when the angle detected by the angle detection assembly 4 is within the set range and the torque detected by the torque sensor 3 is also within the set range, the driving motor 21 can continue to rotate normally, at this time it indicates that there is no interference and collision between the switch blade and the contact of the controlled disconnecting switch, and the disconnecting switch can work normally; when the angle detected by the angle detection assembly 4 is within the set range but the torque detected by the torque sensor 3 exceeds the set range, the control circuit controls the driving motor 21 to stop rotating, at this time it indicates that interference occurs between the switch blade and the contact of the controlled disconnecting switch, and timely maintenance is required to prevent the driving motor 21 from continuing to rotate and causing damage to the disconnecting switch.
[0042] Further, the driving assembly 2 further comprises a brake 24, and the brake 24 is coaxially connected to the output end of the driving motor 21.
[0043] It can be known that when the driving motor 21 stops working, the brake 24 brakes and locks the output shaft 23, so as to prevent the output shaft 23 from moving due to external disturbance and causing misoperation of the disconnecting switch when the driving motor 21 stops working.
[0044] Further, the driving assembly 2 further comprises a first stroke switch 25, a second stroke switch 26 and a sliding block 27, the sliding block 27 is slidingly connected to the rack 1, the middle part of the output shaft 23 is connected to the output end of the speed reducer 22, the end of the output shaft 23 away from the torque sensor 3 is provided with a thread, the sliding block 27 is threadedly connected to the output shaft 23, the first stroke switch 25 and the second stroke switch 26 are mounted on the rack 1 along the length direction of the output shaft 23, and the first stroke switch 25 and the second stroke switch 26 are both located in the sliding stroke of the sliding block 27, and the first stroke switch 25 and the second stroke switch 26 are arranged on both sides of the sliding block 27.
[0045] Specifically, the first stroke switch 25 and the second stroke switch 26 are both electrically connected with the driving motor 21. It can be known that when the output shaft 23 rotates forward, the sliding block 27 approaches the first stroke switch 25, when the sliding block 27 abuts against the first stroke switch 25, the first stroke switch 25 sends a control signal, the control circuit receives the signal, and controls the driving motor 21 to stop working in time, realizing the automatic stop of the forward rotation of the output shaft 23; when the output shaft 23 rotates reversely, the sliding block 27 approaches the second stroke switch 26, when the sliding block 27 abuts against the second stroke switch 26, the second stroke switch 26 sends a control signal, the control circuit receives the signal, and controls the driving motor 21 to stop working in time, realizing the automatic stop of the reverse rotation of the output shaft 23.
[0046] Further, the driving assembly 2 further comprises a sliding rod 28 and a sliding frame 29, the sliding rod 28 is arranged parallel to the output shaft 23, and both ends of the sliding rod 28 are fixedly connected to the rack 1, the sliding frame 29 is fixedly connected to the sliding block 27, and the sliding frame 29 is provided with a sliding groove 291, and the sliding rod 28 is embedded in the sliding groove 291.
[0047] It can be understood that through the arrangement of the sliding rod 28 and the sliding frame 29, the sliding frame 29 is detachably connected to the sliding block 27 through bolts, when the conveying shaft rotates, the sliding block 27 and the sliding frame 29 are driven to reciprocatingly slide along the sliding rod 28, improving the stability of the sliding of the sliding block 27.
[0048] Further, the sliding groove 291 is a U-shaped sliding groove 291.
[0049] It can be known that the upper part of the U-shaped groove is open, the sliding rod 28 can be conveniently embedded from the upper part of the U-shaped groove during installation, facilitating the installation of the sliding rod 28. It is beneficial to the maintenance of the overall structure.
[0050] Further, the speed reducer 22 comprises a housing, a worm wheel and a worm, the housing is fixedly connected to the rack 1, the worm wheel and the worm are engaged, and both the worm wheel and the worm are rotatably connected in the housing, the worm is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor 21, the worm wheel is sleeved on the output shaft 23, and the worm wheel is arranged at the middle part of the output shaft 23.
[0051] It can be known that, by adopting the cooperation of the worm gear and the worm, on one hand, the installation direction of the driving motor 21 is changed, and the installation of the driving motor 21 is facilitated; on the other hand, the output rotating speed of the output shaft 23 is reduced, and the torque of the output shaft 23 is improved, which is beneficial to closing work, and in the design process, a motor with smaller power can be conveniently adopted, and cost saving is beneficial.
[0052] The application also provides a GIS substation, which comprises the torque monitoring disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism 100.
[0053] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. An electric operating mechanism of isolating switch with torque monitoring, comprising a rack (1) and a driving assembly (2) installed on the rack (1), characterized in that: a torque sensor (3), an angle detection assembly (4) and a control module (5) are further installed on the rack (1); the torque sensor (3) and the angle detection assembly (4) are coaxially and successively installed on an output end of the driving assembly (2), and the torque sensor (3) is located close to one end of the driving assembly (2).
2. The electric operating mechanism of isolating switch with torque monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving assembly (2) comprises a driving motor (21), a speed reducer (22) and an output shaft (23), the speed reducer (22) is detachably connected to the rack (1), the driving motor (21) is installed on the speed reducer (22), an input end of the speed reducer (22) is connected to an output end of the driving motor (21), the output shaft (23) is rotatably installed on the speed reducer (22), and an output end of the speed reducer (22) is connected to the output shaft (23), the torque sensor (3) and the angle detection assembly (4) are coaxially installed on the output shaft (23).
3. The electric operating mechanism of isolating switch with torque monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: the angle detection assembly (4) comprises a driving gear (41), a driven gear (42) and an angle sensor (43), the driving gear (41) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output shaft (23), the driven gear (42) is rotatably connected to the rack (1), the driven gear (42) is engaged with the driving gear (41), the angle sensor (43) is fixedly connected to the rack (1), and the driven gear (42) is coaxially and fixedly connected to an input end of the angle sensor (43).
4. The electric operating mechanism of isolating switch with torque monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: the driving assembly (2) further comprises a brake (24) coaxially connected to an output end of the driving motor (21).
5. The electric operating mechanism of isolating switch with torque monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving assembly (2) further comprises a first stroke switch (25), a second stroke switch (26) and a sliding block (27), the sliding block (27) is slidingly connected to the rack (1), the middle part of the output shaft (23) is connected to the output end of the speed reducer (22), the end of the output shaft (23) away from the torque sensor (3) is provided with a thread, the sliding block (27) is threadedly connected to the output shaft (23), the first stroke switch (25) and the second stroke switch (26) are mounted on the rack (1) along the length direction of the output shaft (23), and the first stroke switch (25) and the second stroke switch (26) are both located in the sliding stroke of the sliding block (27).
6. The disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first stroke switch (25) and the second stroke switch (26) are arranged on both sides of the sliding block (27).
7. The disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving assembly (2) further comprises a sliding rod (28) and a sliding carriage (29), the sliding rod (28) is arranged parallel to the output shaft (23), and both ends of the sliding rod (28) are fixedly connected to the rack (1), the sliding carriage (29) is fixedly connected to the sliding block (27), and the sliding carriage (29) is provided with a sliding groove (291), and the sliding rod (28) is embedded in the sliding groove (291).
8. The disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sliding groove (291) is a U-shaped sliding groove (291).
9. The disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism with torque monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The speed reducer (22) comprises a housing, a worm wheel and a worm, the housing is fixedly connected to the rack (1), the worm wheel and the worm are engaged, and both the worm wheel and the worm are rotatably connected to the housing (221), the worm is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor (21), the worm wheel is sleeved on the output shaft (23), and the worm wheel is arranged at the middle part of the output shaft (23).
10. A GIS substation characterized by: The disconnecting switch electric operating mechanism (100) with torque monitoring according to any one of claims 1-9.