Testing device for testing friction characteristic between materials under low-temperature vacuum condition
By designing a testing device for the frictional characteristics between materials under low-temperature vacuum conditions, the lack of research on the influence of low-temperature vacuum environment on the friction coefficient was solved, and the accurate measurement and analysis of the frictional characteristics of materials under extreme conditions was realized.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423001625.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-05
AI Technical Summary
Current technologies lack research that comprehensively considers the impact of low temperature and vacuum environments on the friction coefficient, especially the exploration of the changing laws of frictional characteristics between materials under low temperature and vacuum conditions such as deep space exploration.
Design an experimental device for testing the frictional properties between materials under low-temperature vacuum conditions, including a load test cylinder, a cooling component, a vacuum component, a drive mechanism, a pressure application component, and friction components. The cooling component creates a low-temperature environment, the vacuum component creates a vacuum condition, the drive mechanism drives the friction components to rub, and the pressure application component provides pressure. Investigate the variation law of the friction coefficient with relative velocity, pressure, boundary temperature, and vacuum conditions.
It enables precise measurement of the variation law of friction coefficient under low temperature vacuum conditions, and is applicable to the analysis of material friction characteristics in extreme environments such as deep space exploration.
Smart Images
Figure CN223565534U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model belongs to friction test technical field, more specifically, it relates to a kind of material interfriction characteristic test test device under low-temperature vacuum condition. BACKGROUND
[0002] The relative speed and pressure between materials change when the mechanism moves, and the friction coefficient is an important reference coefficient in structural mechanics modeling. When the relative speed and pressure between materials change, the friction coefficient between them changes. There are many references to explore the change rule of the friction coefficient between materials, but there are few reports on the influence of environmental boundary condition changes on the friction coefficient, especially under low-temperature and vacuum conditions. Some products will encounter low-temperature and vacuum environmental conditions in actual use, such as penetration detection in deep space exploration. The friction characteristics between the projectile and the star soil need to be considered. However, there is a lack of related research on the influence of low-temperature and vacuum environment on the friction coefficient in the prior art. SUMMARY
[0003] To solve the problems in the prior art, the utility model adopts the technical scheme: a material interfriction characteristic test test device under low-temperature vacuum condition is provided, which includes a load test cylinder, a refrigeration assembly and a vacuum assembly are arranged on the load test cylinder, a first friction piece and a second friction piece are arranged in the load test cylinder, the first friction piece is connected with a driving mechanism, the second friction piece is connected with a pressure applying assembly, and the pressure applying assembly is used to make the second friction piece abut against the first friction piece.
[0004] Optionally, the refrigeration assembly includes a liquid nitrogen loop channel arranged around the load test cylinder, and a liquid nitrogen input port and a liquid nitrogen output port are arranged at both ends of the liquid nitrogen loop channel.
[0005] Optionally, the pressure applying assembly includes two fixed pulleys and a steel wire rope, the second friction piece is slidingly connected with the load test cylinder, one end of the second friction piece is connected with a force transmission rod, the end of the force transmission rod away from the second friction piece is provided with a movable pulley, the steel wire rope is wound around the fixed pulley and the movable pulley, and counterweights are arranged at both ends of the steel wire rope.
[0006] Optionally, the vacuum assembly includes a negative pressure mechanism and a vacuum suction port connected with the negative pressure mechanism, and the vacuum suction port communicates with the inside of the load test cylinder.
[0007] Optionally, the driving mechanism includes a motor, a shaft is connected with the motor, the shaft penetrates through the top plate and the bottom plate of the load test cylinder and is coaxially fixedly connected with the first friction piece, the shaft is rotationally connected with the top plate and the bottom plate, and a sealing assembly is arranged at the connection.
[0008] Optionally, the sealing assembly comprises a magnetic flow seal and a sealing ring, the magnetic flow seal is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, and the sealing ring is arranged between the magnetic flow seal and the load test cylinder.
[0009] Optionally, the test device further comprises a torque sensor fixing frame fixed to the load test cylinder, a torque sensor is arranged on the torque sensor fixing frame, and the torque sensor is connected with the rotating shaft.
[0010] Optionally, the test device further comprises a moving platform, the load test cylinder is fixedly arranged on the moving platform, a supporting seat is arranged at the bottom of the moving platform, and the moving platform is provided with an encoder fixing frame, and an encoder is arranged on the encoder fixing frame, the encoder being used for measuring the rotating speed of the driving mechanism.
[0011] Optionally, a temperature sensor and a gauge are arranged on the load test cylinder, and are respectively used for detecting the temperature and the vacuum degree in the load test cylinder.
[0012] The test device for testing the friction characteristics between materials under low-temperature and vacuum conditions has the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior art, the test device comprises a load test cylinder, a refrigeration assembly and a vacuum assembly are arranged on the load test cylinder, a first friction piece and a second friction piece are arranged in the load test cylinder, the first friction piece is connected with a driving mechanism, the second friction piece is connected with a pressure applying assembly, and the pressure applying assembly is used for abutting the second friction piece against the first friction piece. The first friction piece is driven to rotate by the driving mechanism, the pressure of the second friction piece against the first friction piece is provided by the pressure applying assembly, the first friction piece and the second friction piece are rubbed, a vacuum and a low-temperature environment are formed in the load test cylinder by the refrigeration assembly and the vacuum assembly, and thus the change rule of the friction coefficient between two materials with the relative speed, the pressure, the boundary temperature and the vacuum condition is explored. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.
[0014] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the test device provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.
[0015] Figure 2 The friction characteristic interface schematic diagram of the test device provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.
[0016] In the figure, the various reference signs are as follows:
[0017] 1, support seat; 2, encoder fixed frame; 3, moving platform; 4, encoder; 5, locking assembly; 6, load test cylinder; 7, liquid nitrogen return passage; 8, magnetic flow seal; 9, liquid nitrogen output; 10, torque sensor; 11, motor; 12, torque sensor fixed frame; 13, first friction piece; 14, second friction piece; 15, vacuum suction; 16, steel wire rope; 17, fixed pulley; 18, counterweight; 19, temperature sensor; 20, liquid nitrogen input; 21, gauge tube; 22, sealing ring; 23, input shaft; 24, output shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application more clearly understood, the following will further describe the present application in conjunction with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.
[0019] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.
[0020] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.
[0021] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.
[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , now the low-temperature vacuum material friction test device provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described.
[0023] The utility model provides a kind of test device for the friction characteristics between materials under low-temperature vacuum condition, including load test cylinder 6, refrigeration assembly and vacuum assembly are provided on load test cylinder 6, first friction piece 13 and second friction piece 14 are provided in load test cylinder 6, first friction piece 13 is connected with driving mechanism, second friction piece 14 is connected with pressure assembly, and pressure assembly is used to make second friction piece 14 and first friction piece 13 abut.
[0024] The utility model discloses a kind of test device for the friction characteristics between materials under low-temperature vacuum condition, including load test cylinder 6, refrigeration assembly and vacuum assembly are provided on load test cylinder 6, first friction piece 13 and second friction piece 14 are provided in load test cylinder 6, first friction piece 13 is connected with driving mechanism, second friction piece 14 is connected with pressure assembly, and pressure assembly is used to make second friction piece 14 and first friction piece 13 abut.
[0025] In some embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 1 , refrigeration assembly includes liquid nitrogen loop passage 7 being set on load test cylinder 6 around, and liquid nitrogen input 20 and liquid nitrogen output 9 are respectively arranged at both ends of liquid nitrogen loop passage 7.
[0026] Specifically, load test cylinder 6 is cylindrical structure, liquid nitrogen loop passage 7 is spirally coiled in the inside wall of load test cylinder 6, liquid nitrogen input 20 is arranged at the lower end of liquid nitrogen loop passage 7, and liquid nitrogen output 9 is arranged at the upper end of liquid nitrogen loop passage 7. Liquid nitrogen circulation can quickly reduce the temperature inside load test cylinder 6, inject from liquid nitrogen input 20, and flow out from liquid nitrogen output 9. The inside of load test cylinder 6 can be cooled by liquid nitrogen, to create a low-temperature environment, facilitating the testing of the friction characteristics of different friction materials under low-temperature environment.
[0027] In some embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 1 , pressure assembly includes two fixed pulleys 17 and steel wire rope 16, second friction piece 14 is slidably connected with load test cylinder 6, one end of second friction piece 14 is connected with force transmission rod, the end of force transmission rod away from second friction piece 14 is provided with movable pulley, steel wire rope 16 is wound on fixed pulley 17 and movable pulley, and both ends are provided with counterweight 18.
[0028] Through counterweight 18 and steel wire rope 16, left pressure can be provided to force transmission rod, and force transmission rod transmits force to second friction piece 14, so as to exert pressure on first friction piece 13. By changing the weight of counterweight 18, the pressure between first friction piece 13 and second friction piece 14 can be adjusted.
[0029] In some embodiments of the utility model, vacuum assembly includes negative pressure mechanism and vacuum suction 15 connected with negative pressure mechanism, vacuum suction 15 is communicated with load test cylinder 6 inside.
[0030] In some embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 1 , drive mechanism includes motor 11, and the connecting shaft of motor 11 is fixedly connected with the first friction piece 13 coaxially, and the connecting shaft passes through the top plate and the bottom plate of load test cylinder 6 and is fixedly connected with the first friction piece 13 coaxially, and the connecting shaft is rotatably connected with the top plate and the bottom plate, and the connecting place is provided with sealing assembly.
[0031] In some embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 1 , sealing assembly includes magnetic flow sealing piece 8 and sealing ring 22, magnetic flow sealing piece 8 is sleeved on the outer side of the connecting shaft, and sealing ring 22 is arranged between magnetic flow sealing piece 8 and load test cylinder 6.
[0032] In some embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 1 , the connecting shaft includes input shaft 23 and output shaft 24, and motor 11 is fixedly connected with the first friction piece 13 coaxially through input shaft 23, and input shaft 23 is rotatably connected with magnetic flow sealing piece 8 located at the top, and the lower end of first friction piece 13 is fixedly connected with output shaft 24, and output shaft 24 is rotatably connected with magnetic flow sealing piece 8 located at the bottom.
[0033] In some embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 1 , still include the torque sensor fixing frame 12 fixed on load test cylinder 6, and the torque sensor 10 is arranged on torque sensor fixing frame 12, and the torque sensor 10 is connected with the connecting shaft.
[0034] Specifically, the output end of motor 11 is connected with the input end of torque sensor 10, and the output end of torque sensor 10 is coaxially installed with magnetic flow sealing piece 8.Through torque sensor 10, the torque M under stable friction can be recorded.
[0035] In some embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 1 , still include mobile platform 3, and load test cylinder 6 is fixedly arranged on mobile platform 3 through locking assembly 5, the bottom of mobile platform 3 is provided with support seat 1, and mobile platform 3 is provided with encoder fixing frame 2, and encoder 4 is arranged on encoder fixing frame 2, and encoder 4 is used to measure the rotational speed of the connecting shaft.Specifically, locking assembly 5 can adopt bolt etc.
[0036] In some embodiments of the utility model, refer to Figure 1 , temperature sensor 19 and gauge pipe 21 are arranged on load test cylinder 6 and are used to detect the temperature and vacuum degree inside load test cylinder 6 respectively.
[0037] The test device provided by the utility model can be used for testing and analyzing the change of the friction characteristics of the interface of two materials under different temperatures and different vacuum conditions with the interface pressure and the interface relative speed. According to the research requirement, the appropriate counterweight is selected, the relative pressure of the friction characteristic interface is obtained, the liquid nitrogen is introduced, the internal environment of the load test cylinder 6 is cooled, and the vacuum pump group is started to vacuumize the load test cylinder 6. The temperature sensor 19 and the gauge pipe 21 are used to obtain the internal temperature and the vacuum degree of the load test cylinder 6 in real time. After the test environment condition is reached, the motor 11 is started, the rotation speed of the motor 11 is stabilized, the rotation speed of the motor 11 is obtained through the high-precision encoder 4. The high-precision torque sensor 10 records the torque M under the stable friction, the acting force F can be calculated through the counterweight, when the acting interface arc length L is much smaller than the rotation radius R of the first friction piece 13, the acting interface arc length can be approximately equivalent to a plane, and then the interface friction coefficient mu under the test condition can be calculated. The test device provided by the utility model can be used for testing and analyzing the change of the friction characteristics of the interface of two materials under different temperatures and different vacuum conditions with the interface pressure and the interface relative speed, the highest relative speed can reach 2m / s, the lowest boundary temperature can reach -90 DEG C, and the lowest vacuum degree can reach 0.0005Pa.
[0038] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the utility model, and is not used to limit the utility model, and any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the spirit and principle of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A test apparatus for testing the frictional properties between materials under cryogenic vacuum conditions, characterized by: The load test cylinder is provided with a refrigeration assembly and a vacuum assembly, and is provided with a first friction piece and a second friction piece, the first friction piece is connected with a driving mechanism, and the second friction piece is connected with a pressure applying assembly.
2. The apparatus for testing the tribological properties of materials under cryogenic vacuum conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigeration assembly comprises a liquid nitrogen loop channel arranged around the load test cylinder, and the liquid nitrogen loop channel is provided with a liquid nitrogen input port and a liquid nitrogen output port at two ends respectively.
3. The apparatus for testing inter-material frictional properties under cryogenic vacuum conditions of claim 1, wherein: The pressure applying assembly comprises two fixed pulleys and a steel wire rope, the second friction piece is in sliding connection with the load test cylinder, one end of the second friction piece is connected with a force transmission rod, the force transmission rod is provided with a movable pulley at an end away from the second friction piece, the steel wire rope is arranged around the fixed pulleys and the movable pulley, and both ends are provided with counterweights.
4. The apparatus for testing inter-material frictional properties under cryogenic vacuum conditions of claim 1, wherein: The vacuum assembly comprises a negative pressure mechanism and a vacuum suction port connected with the negative pressure mechanism, and the vacuum suction port is in communication with the inside of the load test cylinder.
5. The apparatus for testing inter-material frictional properties under cryogenic vacuum conditions of claim 1, wherein: The driving mechanism comprises a motor, the motor is connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft penetrates through the top plate and the bottom plate of the load test cylinder and is fixedly connected with the first friction piece in a coaxial manner, the rotating shaft is in rotary connection with the top plate and the bottom plate, and a sealing assembly is arranged at the connection position.
6. The apparatus for testing inter-material frictional properties under cryogenic vacuum conditions according to claim 5, wherein: The sealing assembly comprises a magnetic flow sealing piece and a sealing ring, the magnetic flow sealing piece is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, and the sealing ring is arranged between the magnetic flow sealing piece and the load test cylinder.
7. The apparatus for testing inter-material frictional properties under cryogenic vacuum conditions of claim 5, wherein: A torque sensor fixing frame fixed to the load test cylinder is further arranged, the torque sensor fixing frame is provided with a torque sensor, and the torque sensor is connected with the rotating shaft.
8. The apparatus for testing inter-material frictional properties under cryogenic vacuum conditions of claim 1, wherein: A mobile platform is further arranged, the load test cylinder is fixedly arranged on the mobile platform, the bottom of the mobile platform is provided with a support seat, the mobile platform is provided with an encoder fixing frame, and an encoder is arranged on the encoder fixing frame, the encoder is used for measuring the rotating speed of the driving mechanism.
9. The apparatus for testing inter-material frictional properties under cryogenic vacuum conditions of claim 1, wherein: A temperature sensor and a gauge tube are arranged on the load test cylinder and are used for detecting the temperature and the vacuum degree in the load test cylinder respectively.