High-voltage fuse

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of electrical protection devices, in particular to a high-voltage fuse which comprises a fusing component and an arc extinguishing component, the arc extinguishing component is connected with the fusing component in parallel, the fusing component comprises a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate and main circuit alloy, and the main circuit alloy is connected with the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The resistance ratio of the fusing component to the arc extinguishing component is greater than 130. By means of the arrangement, the high-voltage fuse can safely break voltage from 600VDC to 1500VDC, and has the functions of over-temperature protection and over-current protection at the same time.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to electrical protection device technical field, especially a high voltage fuse. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lithium battery is a kind of chemical property very active electric energy carrier, lithium battery must consider the security of charging, discharging, to prevent the property deterioration.For the overcharge of lithium battery, overdischarge, overcurrent and short circuit protection is very important.Due to the high energy density of lithium ion battery, it is difficult to ensure the safety of battery, in the overcharge state, battery temperature rises and energy will be excess, so electrolyte decomposes and generates gas, and the risk of spontaneous combustion or rupture occurs due to internal pressure rise, on the contrary, in the overdischarge state, electrolyte decomposition leads to battery property and durability deterioration, thereby reducing the number of chargeable times, the protection circuit of lithium ion battery is to ensure the safety of such overcharge and discharge state, and prevent property deterioration.

[0003] In the industrial and commercial storage system, the rated voltage and working voltage range are key parameters. The rated voltage of such system is usually 768VDC, and the working voltage range is between 600VDC and 876VDC. This voltage range ensures that the system can operate stably under different working conditions, while supporting efficient energy conversion and storage functions. The current fuse is mainly applied to the system below 125VDC, which cannot be applied to this system.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the overall background of the present utility model, and should not be regarded as acknowledging or implying in any form that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0005] The utility model provides a kind of high voltage fuse, it includes fuse component and arc extinguishing component.The arc extinguishing component is connected in parallel with the fuse component.The fuse component includes first electrode sheet, second electrode sheet and main circuit alloy, and the main circuit alloy is connected with the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet, wherein the resistance ratio of the fuse component and the arc extinguishing component is greater than 130.

[0006] Further, the high voltage fuse further includes control component, the control component is close to the fuse component and is set, and the control component includes first pin, heating element, control loop alloy and second pin connected in series, the heating element is close to the main circuit alloy, and the main circuit alloy is fused open before or simultaneously with the control loop alloy.

[0007] Further, the high-voltage fuse further comprises an over-temperature loop alloy, the over-temperature loop alloy and the arc extinguishing component are in series, and the main circuit alloy is fused open prior to or simultaneously with the over-temperature loop alloy.

[0008] Further, a diameter-to-length ratio of the main circuit alloy ranges from 1:6 to 1:3.5.

[0009] Further, a front end of the arc extinguishing component is connected with an over-temperature loop alloy, and a melting point of the over-temperature loop alloy is at least 5 degrees higher than that of the control loop alloy.

[0010] Further, the heating member is close to the first electrode sheet and / or the second electrode sheet.

[0011] Further, the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet adopt a copper-aluminum transition metal structure, the main circuit alloy is welded to a copper metal area, and an aluminum metal area is used for electric conduction.

[0012] Further, the arc extinguishing component comprises at least one current fuse.

[0013] Further, the arc extinguishing component is arranged in a U shape.

[0014] Further, heat-conducting silicone grease is arranged between the heating member and the first electrode sheet, and heat-conducting silicone grease is arranged between the heating member and the second electrode sheet, and a heat conduction rate of the heat-conducting silicone grease is greater than 2 W / (m·k).

[0015] The high-voltage fuse provided by the utility model has the advantages that the main circuit alloy is connected with the arc extinguishing component in parallel, the main circuit alloy is fused open prior to or simultaneously with the control loop alloy, and the main circuit alloy is fused open prior to or simultaneously with the over-temperature loop alloy, the resistance value of the arc extinguishing component is greater than 130 times the resistance value of the fuse component, current distribution is realized by the resistance value, and the breaking sequence is realized by the melting point difference, so that the high-voltage fuse can safely break 600VDC to 1500VDC voltage, and has the functions of over-temperature protection and over-current protection.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the utility model will be described in the subsequent description, and some technical features and advantages can be obviously obtained from the description or by implementing the utility model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, part of the drawings described below is some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative labor on the premise that there is no conflict between them.

[0018] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a high-voltage fuse provided by the first embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 is an explosion schematic diagram of the high-voltage fuse provided by the first embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 is an explosion schematic diagram of the fuse component in Figure 2 ;

[0021] Figure 4 is an electrical principle schematic diagram of the high-voltage fuse of Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 5 is an explosion schematic diagram of the high-voltage fuse provided by the second embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 6 is an electrical principle schematic diagram of the high-voltage fuse of Figure 5 ;

[0024] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the arc extinguishing component using three current fuses in series.

[0025] Reference signs:

[0026] 10-arc extinguishing component; 12-main circuit alloy; 14-control circuit alloy; 16-over-temperature circuit alloy; 18-heating element; 20-baffle; 21-first pin; 22-second pin; 31-first electrode sheet; 32-second electrode sheet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the following will combine the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. The technical features designed in different embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] In the description of the utility model, it needs to understand that the orientation or positional relation indicated by the terms "center", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like is the orientation or positional relation shown based on the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model that the indicated device or component must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the utility model, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more. In addition, the term "comprising" and any variation thereof means "at least including".

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of a high-voltage fuse provided by the first embodiment of the utility model, Figure 2 is an explosion schematic view of the high-voltage fuse provided by the first embodiment of the utility model, Figure 3 is Figure 2 an explosion schematic view of the fuse component in Figure 4 is Figure 2 an electrical principle schematic view of the high-voltage fuse. To achieve at least one of the advantages or other advantages, the first embodiment of the utility model provides a high-voltage fuse. The high-voltage fuse includes a fuse component, an arc extinguishing component 10 and a control component. The arc extinguishing component 10 is connected in parallel with the fuse component. The control component is arranged close to the fuse component.

[0030] The fuse component includes a first electrode sheet 31, a second electrode sheet 32 and a main circuit alloy 12. The main circuit alloy 12 connects the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32. The control component includes a first pin 21, a heating piece 18, a control circuit alloy 14 and a second pin 22 connected in series. The heating piece 18 is arranged close to the main circuit alloy 12. Optionally, the first pin 21 and the second pin 22 are arranged at intervals, and the heating piece 18 is tightly attached to the inner side of the first electrode sheet 31. Of course, in other embodiments, the heating piece 18 can be tightly attached to the second electrode sheet 32 or simultaneously tightly attached to the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32. The main circuit alloy 12 is connected in parallel with the arc extinguishing component 10, and the main circuit alloy 12 is fused before or simultaneously with the control circuit alloy 14, and the main circuit alloy 12 is fused before or simultaneously with the over-temperature circuit alloy 16.

[0031] In order to further meet the current carrying demand and overload demand, the resistance ratio of the fusing component to the arc extinguishing component 10 is greater than 130, that is, the resistance of the arc extinguishing component 10: the resistance of the fusing component > 130. Referring to Table 1 below, when the resistance ratio of the fusing component to the arc extinguishing component 10 is greater than 130, the test results are all good, which can effectively meet the current carrying demand and overload demand.

[0032] Table 1

[0033]

[0034] Figure 4 The connection points P1 and P2 in the table are connected in series in the charge-discharge circuit. The connection points P3 and P4 are connected to the BMS system. ATCO1 refers to the main circuit alloy 12, which can be formed by multiple low-melting-point alloys of 102-230 degrees in parallel. The first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32 are welded together by the low-melting-point alloy and connected to the charge-discharge circuit. ATCO2 refers to the control circuit alloy 14. The arc extinguishing component 10 serves as overcurrent protection. FH refers to the heating element 18, which is controlled by the BMS system to start active heating, and melts ATCO1 and ATCO2 in sequence or both at the same time. The sequence control mode of this fusing can be realized by adjusting the melting point or the distance from the heating area.

[0035] There is a continuous current passing through the two ends of P1 and P2. When the detection signal (current, voltage, temperature) of the BMS exceeds the set threshold value and an abnormality occurs, the heating element 18 is started by the first pin 21 and the second pin 22 to rapidly heat, and the heat is rapidly conducted to the main circuit alloy 12 (ATCO1) through the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32. With the heat conduction, the main circuit alloy 12 will be fused first, and the control circuit alloy 14 (ATCO2) will be disconnected later, or the main circuit alloy 12 and the control circuit alloy 14 (ATCO2) will be disconnected at the same time, avoiding the continuous heating of the heating element 18. Finally, the continuous current of the charge-discharge circuit will break the arc extinguishing component 10, disconnecting the entire charge-discharge circuit.

[0036] When the current in the circuit is too large, the arc extinguishing component 10, ATCO1, and ATCO2 will be broken by the current to cut off the charge-discharge circuit, achieving the purpose of passive protection.

[0037] In some embodiments, when the material of the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32 is red copper material, the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32 are soldered with the main circuit alloy 12 by surface tin plating, the connection mode of the arc extinguishing component 10 and the controlled fuse is tin soldering or resistance welding; when the material of the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32 is aluminum material, the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32 are soldered with the main circuit alloy 12 through an intermediate plating layer, the material of the intermediate plating layer includes copper or nickel, the arc extinguishing component 10 is riveted on the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32 by copper rivets, and then is soldered with the pin of the controlled fuse. The controlled fuse refers to a protector that can be self-fused after receiving a control signal.

[0038] In some embodiments, the heating element is close to the first electrode sheet 31 and / or the second electrode sheet 32, so as to better transfer heat and make the structure compact.

[0039] In some embodiments, in order to improve the action speed of the main circuit alloy 12, the diameter-to-length ratio of the main circuit alloy 12 ranges from 1:6 to 1:3.5. When the design is a special cross-sectional area, the area value can be converted into the diameter value. Referring to Table 2 below, when the diameter-to-length ratio of the main circuit alloy 12 ranges from 1:6 to 1:3.5, the test passes, and the effect is better.

[0040] Table 2

[0041]

[0042] In some embodiments, the material of the heating element 18 includes ceramic. The ceramic can withstand a withstand voltage test of 3700V / 1s and a leakage current of 0.5mA. The heating element 18 can select a thick film heating sheet or a high-temperature co-fired ceramic heating sheet, so as to increase the electrical strength. The structure of the screw sleeve disc spring is used for elastic compression, so as to meet the needs of the ceramic being fragile under stress and close to the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32.

[0043] In some embodiments, considering that the traditional module connection mainly adopts an aluminum bar, and the controlled fuse adopts tin-plated copper, the melting points of the two are quite different, and aluminum is easy to form an oxide layer, so the two are difficult to be directly soldered. Therefore, the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32 of the present embodiment adopt a copper-aluminum transition metal structure, the main circuit alloy 12 is soldered with the copper metal region, and the exposed part is an aluminum metal region for electric conduction. The exposed part can refer to the region exposed in the figure. Figure 1 The conventional connection with the aluminum bar can adopt screw locking, friction stir welding, ultrasonic metal welding, and high polymer diffusion welding.

[0044] In some embodiments, a heat-conducting silicone grease is provided between the heating element 18 and the first electrode sheet 31, and between the heating element 18 and the second electrode sheet 32, and the heat-conducting rate of the heat-conducting silicone grease is greater than 2 W / (m·k), thereby improving the heat conduction rate. In some embodiments, a temperature fuse is added in the loop of the heating element 18 for self-overheating protection, thereby solving the problem of over-temperature of the heating sheet.

[0045] In some embodiments, in order to increase the insulation withstand voltage of the conductive part and the shell, a sleeve can be added at the arc extinguishing part 10, filled with silicone rubber, and the cavity in the sleeve can be used as a current fuse pressure relief channel.

[0046] In some embodiments, each alloy surface can be coated with a layer of fuse aid. The fuse aid is an organic substance that can help the alloy shrink rapidly. In order to solve the problem of leakage caused by the expansion of the fuse aid during heating, the amount of fuse aid is 70% to 95% of the space in the cavity, and at the same time, in order to meet the design of the cavity, a partition 20 can be designed, and then sealed by a sealing material.

[0047] In some embodiments, the shell is sealed using epoxy resin, and the first electrode sheet 31 and the heating element 18 can be assembled together using locking screws or riveting connection to facilitate heat transfer. Similarly, the second electrode sheet 32 and the heating element 18 can be assembled together using locking screws or riveting connection. The first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32 can be divided into cases with mounting holes and no connection points, with mounting holes and connection points, and no mounting holes and connection points.

[0048] In some embodiments, in order to improve the heating power of the heating element 18 and reduce the heat dissipation of the heating element 18, one heating element 18 is arranged on each opposite surface between the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32, and the two are connected in parallel. When a single heating element 18 fails, the other heating element 18 can still work and heat.

[0049] In some embodiments, the arc extinguishing part 10 includes at least one current fuse. In order to solve the problem of direct current arc extinguishing and reduce the risk of arc ejection, the arc extinguishing part 10 can be provided as a plurality of series-connected current fuses arranged in a U shape. At the same time, in order to meet the requirement of flat design, when there is a single current fuse, the current fuse is at the top; when there are two current fuses, the two current fuses are distributed on both sides; as shown in Figure 7 , when there are three current fuses, the three current fuses are arranged at the top and on both sides. A single current fuse 10*38 (size: diameter*length) can meet the application scenario of 1000VDC, and in the application scenario higher than 1000VDC, a plurality of series-connected current fuses can be used, such as 5*20 or 6*32, which has a small volume.

[0050] Referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 Compared with Figure 2 The difference between the high-voltage fuse of the first embodiment and the high-voltage fuse of the present embodiment is mainly that the high-voltage fuse further comprises an over-temperature loop alloy 16 in series with the arc extinguishing component 10, and the main circuit alloy 12 is fused before or at the same time as the over-temperature loop alloy 16. In order to solve the application scenario of small current, the current in the circuit is a variable value, which is lower than the fusing capacity of the fusing component, the heating element 18 is started to fuse the main circuit alloy 12, but the parallel arc extinguishing component 10 is still connected in the circuit loop and cannot effectively disconnect the loop. A temperature fuse ATCO3 can be connected in series at the front end of the arc extinguishing component 10, which is the over-temperature loop alloy 16, and the melting point of the temperature fuse ATCO3 is at least 5 degrees higher than that of the temperature fuse ATCO2 (the temperature fuse ATCO2 is the control loop alloy 14).

[0051] Figure 6 ATCO3 in the above formula refers to the over-temperature loop alloy 16. In the case that the current value is not large enough to perform over-current fusing, ATCO3 is used as an over-temperature cut-off loop, and the shape of ATCO3 is not limited to a cylindrical shape or a square shell shape, etc. The fusing sequence is ATCO1≥ATCO2, and ATCO1≥ATCO3 (“>” means to disconnect first). That is, ATCO1 can be fused before or at the same time as ATCO2, and ATCO1 can be fused before or at the same time as ATCO3. When ATCO2 is the last one to be disconnected, heat can still be supplied to ATCO3 before disconnection to improve the disconnection speed of ATCO3.

[0052] In some embodiments, when the detection signal (current, voltage, temperature) of the BMS exceeds the set threshold value and an abnormality occurs, the heating element 18 is started by the first pin 21 and the second pin 22 to rapidly generate heat, and the heat is rapidly conducted to the main circuit alloy 12 (ATCO1) through the first electrode sheet 31 and the second electrode sheet 32. With the conduction of heat, the main circuit alloy 12 will be fused first, the control loop alloy 14 (ATCO2) will be disconnected later, the continuous heating is avoided, and the over-temperature loop alloy 16 is disconnected to disconnect the arc extinguishing circuit and disconnect the entire charging and discharging circuit. It is beneficial to make the high-voltage fuse safe to break 600VDC to 1500VDC voltage, while having over-temperature protection and over-current protection functions.

[0053] When the temperature is too high or the current is too large in the environment or circuit, ATCO1, ATCO2, and ATCO3 will be fused by high temperature or be broken, cutting off the charging and discharging circuit to achieve the purpose of passive protection.

[0054] In summary, the high-voltage fuse provided by the utility model, through main circuit alloy 12 parallel arc extinguishing component 10, main circuit alloy 12 is fused before or simultaneously with control circuit alloy 14, and main circuit alloy 12 is fused open before or simultaneously with over-temperature circuit alloy 16, the resistance of arc extinguishing component 10 and the resistance of the fuse component are greater than 130, the distribution of current is realized by resistance setting, the disconnecting sequence is realized by melting point difference, so that the high-voltage fuse can safely break 600VDC to 1500VDC voltage, and simultaneously has over-temperature protection and over-current protection functions.

[0055] In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that, although there are many problems in the prior art, each embodiment or technical solution of the utility model can be improved in only one or several aspects, and it is not necessary to solve all the technical problems listed in the prior art or background art at the same time. Those skilled in the art should understand that the content not mentioned in a claim should not be regarded as a limitation of the claim.

[0056] Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the utility model, and not to limit them; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model.

Claims

1. A high voltage fuse, characterized by: The high-voltage fuse comprises a fusing component and an arc extinguishing component, and the arc extinguishing component is connected in parallel with the fusing component. The fusing component comprises a first electrode sheet, a second electrode sheet and a main circuit alloy, and the main circuit alloy connects the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet. The resistance ratio of the fusing component to the arc extinguishing component is greater than 130.

2. The high voltage fuse of claim 1, wherein: The high-voltage fuse further comprises a control component, which is arranged close to the fusing component, and the control component comprises a first pin, a heating element, a control circuit alloy and a second pin connected in series, the heating element is close to the main circuit alloy, and the main circuit alloy is fused open before or simultaneously with the control circuit alloy.

3. The high voltage fuse of claim 2, wherein: The high-voltage fuse further comprises an over-temperature circuit alloy, which is connected in series with the arc extinguishing component, and the main circuit alloy is fused open before or simultaneously with the over-temperature circuit alloy.

4. The high voltage fuse of claim 1, wherein: The diameter-to-length ratio of the main circuit alloy ranges from 1:6 to 1:3.

5.

5. The high voltage fuse of claim 2, wherein: The front end of the arc extinguishing component is connected in series with an over-temperature circuit alloy, and the melting point of the over-temperature circuit alloy is at least 5 degrees higher than that of the control circuit alloy.

6. The high voltage fuse of claim 2, wherein: The heating element is close to the first electrode sheet and / or the second electrode sheet.

7. The high voltage fuse of claim 1, wherein: The first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet adopt a copper-aluminum transition metal structure, the main circuit alloy is welded to a copper metal area, and an aluminum metal area is used for electric conduction.

8. The high voltage fuse of claim 1, wherein: The arc extinguishing component comprises at least one current fuse.

9. The high voltage fuse of claim 8, wherein: The arc extinguishing component is arranged in a U shape.

10. The high voltage fuse of claim 2, wherein: Thermal conductive silicone grease is arranged between the heating element and the first electrode sheet, and thermal conductive silicone grease is arranged between the heating element and the second electrode sheet, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive silicone grease is greater than 2 W / (m·k).

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