Bus voltage bleeder circuit of photovoltaic energy storage inverter and photovoltaic energy storage system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a bus voltage discharge circuit of a photovoltaic energy storage inverter and a photovoltaic energy storage system. The bus voltage discharge circuit comprises a control power supply, an energy storage unit, a current-limiting voltage-dividing unit, an active clamping unit, a power switch tube and a discharge unit, the control power supply outputs a voltage control signal; the energy storage unit clamps the control end voltage of the power switch tube during starting to control the loop not to be conducted, and releases electric energy to control the power switch tube to be started during shutdown; the current-limiting voltage-dividing unit executes current-limiting operation; the active clamping unit is used for clamping the voltage at the control end of the power switch tube during normal operation; and the discharge unit discharges the voltage on the direct current bus during discharging. According to the utility model, the power switch tube can be controlled to rapidly start and work after shutdown, start loss and conduction maintenance of the discharge loop after shutdown can be avoided, faults caused by start of the discharge loop during normal operation can be avoided, and the system stability is effectively ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of inverter voltage control, and more specifically, to a bus voltage discharge circuit for a photovoltaic energy storage inverter and a photovoltaic energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the mobile photovoltaic energy storage (also known as portable energy storage) and residential photovoltaic energy storage (residential energy storage or household energy storage) markets, inverters, as a core component, are also constantly improving. Currently, the bus voltage of commonly used energy storage systems ranges from 400V to 800V. Higher bus voltages can reduce current intensity for the same power output, which helps reduce the size and cost of cables and conductors, and improves conversion efficiency. However, on the other hand, higher bus voltages mean greater risks. Therefore, it is necessary to design an effective bus voltage discharge mechanism to ensure that safety and performance are effectively guaranteed during inverter operation.

[0003] Currently, the bus voltage bleed-off schemes used in the market are all designed based on bleed-off resistors and switching transistors. According to the design logic of the switching transistor control circuit, they can be divided into two types: ① The bus voltage is directly used as the switching transistor's turn-on control voltage signal. After power failure, when the bus voltage is lower than the preset voltage, the switching transistor turns on to quickly bleed off the voltage on the bus; ② A single-chip microcomputer (MCU) or power IC is used to control the switching transistor's turn-on and turn-off.

[0004] However, in a bleedering circuit that uses the bus voltage output as the control voltage signal, the switching transistors remain in the conducting state until the bus voltage increases to the preset voltage when the equipment is powered on, which is equivalent to the bus being under load and increases losses. In a microcontroller (MCU) or power IC bus voltage bleedering circuit, the bus voltage can be sampled and monitored to achieve bleedering and regulation. However, the voltage bleedering process requires the MCU to be powered on. Therefore, when the bus voltage is lower than the auxiliary power supply operating voltage, the MCU loses power and loses its control function. Furthermore, sampling and monitoring the bus voltage increases circuit complexity and instability. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a bus voltage discharge circuit for a photovoltaic energy storage inverter and a photovoltaic energy storage system, addressing the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: to construct a bus voltage discharge circuit for a photovoltaic energy storage inverter, including: a control power supply, an energy storage unit, a current limiting voltage divider unit, an active clamping unit, a power switching transistor, and a discharge unit;

[0007] The input terminals of the energy storage unit and the current limiting voltage divider unit are respectively connected to the control power supply. The output terminal of the current limiting voltage divider unit is connected to the control terminal of the power switch. The input terminal of the active clamping unit is connected to the control power supply. The output terminal of the active clamping unit is connected to the control terminal of the power switch. The discharge unit is located between the DC bus and the power switch.

[0008] The control power supply is used to output voltage control signals; the energy storage unit is used to clamp the control terminal voltage of the power switch tube during startup to prevent the control circuit from conducting, and to release electrical energy to control the power switch tube to turn on during shutdown; the current limiting and voltage dividing unit is used to perform current limiting operations; the active clamping unit is used to clamp the control terminal voltage of the power switch tube during normal operation; and the discharge unit is used to discharge the voltage on the DC bus during discharge.

[0009] The bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter described in this utility model also includes: an anti-reverse unit;

[0010] The anti-reverse unit is located between the control power supply and the energy storage unit to prevent current reverse flow.

[0011] In the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter of this utility model, the anti-reverse unit includes: an anti-reverse diode;

[0012] The anode of the anti-reverse diode is connected to the control power supply, and the cathode of the anti-reverse diode is connected to the current limiting voltage divider unit and the energy storage unit.

[0013] In the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter described in this utility model, the energy storage unit includes: an energy storage capacitor;

[0014] The first end of the energy storage capacitor is connected to the output end of the anti-reverse unit, and the second end of the energy storage capacitor is connected to the negative end of the DC bus.

[0015] In the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter described in this utility model, the current limiting voltage divider unit includes: a first resistor and a fifth resistor;

[0016] The first end of the first resistor is connected to the output end of the anti-reverse unit, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the control end of the power switch and the first end of the fifth resistor, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the negative end of the DC bus.

[0017] In the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter described in this utility model, the active clamping unit includes: a voltage divider circuit and a control switch;

[0018] The input terminal of the voltage divider circuit is connected to the control power supply, the output terminal of the voltage divider circuit is connected to the control terminal of the control switch, the first terminal of the control switch is connected to the control terminal of the power switch tube, and the second terminal of the control switch is connected to the negative terminal of the DC bus.

[0019] In the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter described in this utility model, the voltage divider circuit includes: a second resistor and a third resistor; the control switch includes: a first MOSFET;

[0020] The first end of the second resistor is connected to the control power supply, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the third resistor and the gate of the first MOS transistor, the second end of the third resistor is connected to the negative end of the DC bus, the drain of the first MOS transistor is connected to the control terminal of the power switch transistor, and the source of the first MOS transistor is connected to the negative end of the DC bus.

[0021] The gate of the first MOS transistor is the control terminal of the control switch, the drain of the first MOS transistor is the first terminal of the control switch, and the source of the first MOS transistor is the second terminal of the control switch.

[0022] In the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter described in this utility model, the discharge unit includes: a fourth resistor;

[0023] The first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the DC bus, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the drain of the power switch.

[0024] In the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter of this utility model, when starting up, the energy storage unit delays the change of the voltage control signal to control the power switch tube to be in the off state.

[0025] During normal operation, the active clamping unit is turned on to control the power switch transistor to turn off;

[0026] When the power is off, the active clamping unit is turned off, the energy storage unit provides an activation voltage to the control terminal of the power switch to control the power switch to turn on, and the discharge unit discharges the voltage on the DC bus.

[0027] This utility model also provides a photovoltaic energy storage system, including: the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter described above.

[0028] The bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter implementing this utility model has the following beneficial effects: it includes a control power supply, an energy storage unit, a current-limiting voltage divider unit, an active clamping unit, a power switching transistor, and a discharge unit; the control power supply outputs a voltage control signal; the energy storage unit clamps the control terminal voltage of the power switching transistor during startup to prevent the control circuit from conducting, and releases electrical energy to control the power switching transistor to turn on during shutdown; the current-limiting voltage divider unit performs current-limiting operations; the active clamping unit clamps the control terminal voltage of the power switching transistor during normal operation; and the discharge unit discharges the voltage on the DC bus during discharge. This utility model can control the power switching transistor to quickly turn on and operate after shutdown, which can avoid startup losses and the maintenance of discharge circuit conduction after shutdown, and can also avoid failures caused by the discharge circuit opening during normal operation, effectively ensuring system stability. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter provided by this utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter provided by this utility model;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the equivalent busbar RC circuit provided by this utility model;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a capacitor voltage discharge curve provided by this utility model;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a capacitor charging curve provided by this utility model;

[0035] Figure 6 This is the equivalent circuit diagram of capacitor C1 discharging provided by this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0037] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic block diagram of the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter provided by this utility model. The bus voltage discharge circuit of this photovoltaic energy storage inverter uses an auxiliary power source with less interference to provide voltage control signals and power to the active clamping unit 50 for the discharge circuit. A capacitor is used as the energy storage unit 30. After the auxiliary power source is de-energized, the capacitor provides the turn-on voltage for the power switch Q2 to maintain the conduction of the discharge circuit. When the device is turned on, the capacitor needs a period of charging, during which time the switch does not reach the turn-on condition, thus avoiding losses caused by the conduction of the discharge circuit.

[0038] Among them, DC bus: energy can flow bidirectionally, and the bidirectional flow of energy is controlled by an active switch driving an isolation transformer; inverter: an electronic device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) and supports bidirectional conversion; auxiliary power source: usually refers to an auxiliary power source, which is a device or system that provides additional power support in the main power system; mobile photovoltaic energy storage: energy storage devices that can be moved and used, generally configured with low-voltage photovoltaic panels as input and low-voltage energy storage battery packs; home energy storage: household backup power storage batteries and their systems, which can be connected to high-voltage photovoltaic panels to power loads or batteries, can operate off-grid to supply power to critical equipment after grid failures, or can be connected to the public grid to feed energy into the grid.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the bus voltage bleed circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter includes: a control power supply 10, an energy storage unit 30, a current-limiting voltage divider unit 40, an active clamping unit 50, a power switch Q2, and a bleed unit 60. The input terminals of the energy storage unit 30 and the current-limiting voltage divider unit 40 are connected to the control power supply 10, the output terminal of the current-limiting voltage divider unit 40 is connected to the control terminal of the power switch Q2, the input terminal of the active clamping unit 50 is connected to the control power supply 10, and the output terminal of the active clamping unit 50 is connected to the control terminal of the power switch Q2. The bleed unit 60 is located between the DC bus and the power switch Q2.

[0040] In this embodiment of the present invention, the control power supply 10 is used to output a voltage control signal; the energy storage unit 30 is used to clamp the control terminal voltage of the power switch Q2 during startup to prevent the circuit from conducting, and to release electrical energy to control the power switch Q2 to turn on during shutdown; the current limiting voltage divider unit 40 is used to perform current limiting operation; the active clamping unit 50 is used to clamp the control terminal voltage of the power switch Q2 during normal operation; and the discharge unit 60 is used to discharge the voltage on the DC bus during discharge.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter also includes an anti-reverse unit 20; the anti-reverse unit 20 is set between the control power supply 10 and the energy storage unit 30 to prevent current reverse flow.

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, the control power supply 10 can be an auxiliary power supply (i.e., an auxiliary source) in the power system, which is a commonly used auxiliary power supply circuit in the power system, mainly used to provide additional power support for devices or systems. In this embodiment, the control power supply 10 is mainly used to provide voltage control signals to the power switch Q2 and to provide charging energy to the energy storage unit 30.

[0043] In this embodiment of the utility model, the anti-reverse unit 20 is mainly used to control the current in the circuit to flow in a predetermined direction, avoid current reverse flow, and thus protect other components from damage or interference.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, the energy storage unit 30 is used to store electrical energy and release it when needed. Specifically, during startup, the voltage at the control terminal of the power switch Q2 is clamped to ensure that the circuit is not conductive; during shutdown, the electrical energy is released to support the power switch Q2 to turn on, thereby achieving rapid discharge of the DC bus voltage.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the current limiting and voltage dividing unit 40 is mainly used to perform current limiting and voltage dividing.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the active clamping unit 50 is used to limit the peak voltage or current to prevent overvoltage or overcurrent from damaging the circuit and equipment. Specifically, the active clamping unit 50 is used to clamp the voltage at the control terminal of the power switch Q2 during normal operation of the equipment, preventing it from turning on.

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the main function of the power switch Q2 is an electronic switch used to control the current flow or cut off the circuit. It features high voltage resistance, low conduction loss, and fast switching speed.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, the DC bus is used to connect the power supply and the load for power transmission.

[0049] Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the anti-reverse unit 20 includes: an anti-reverse diode U1; the anode of the anti-reverse diode U1 is connected to the control power supply 10, and the cathode of the anti-reverse diode U1 is connected to the current limiting voltage divider unit 40 and the energy storage unit 30. Here, 12V is the voltage control signal output by the control power supply 10.

[0050] In this embodiment, the energy storage unit 30 includes: an energy storage capacitor; the first end of the energy storage capacitor is connected to the output end of the anti-reverse unit 20 (i.e., the cathode of the anti-reverse diode U1), and the second end of the energy storage capacitor is connected to the negative end of the DC bus.

[0051] In this embodiment, the current limiting and voltage dividing unit 40 includes: a first resistor R1 and a fifth resistor R5; the first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the output end of the anti-reverse unit 20 (i.e., the cathode of the anti-reverse diode U1), the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the control end of the power switch Q2 and the first end of the fifth resistor R5, and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the negative end of the DC bus (i.e., BUS-).

[0052] In this embodiment, the active clamping unit 50 includes a voltage divider circuit and a control switch Q1; the input terminal of the voltage divider circuit is connected to the control power supply 10, the output terminal of the voltage divider circuit is connected to the control terminal of the control switch Q1, the first terminal of the control switch Q1 is connected to the control terminal of the power switch Q2, and the second terminal of the control switch Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the DC bus.

[0053] Optionally, in this embodiment, the voltage divider circuit includes a second resistor R2 and a third resistor R3; the control switch Q1 includes a first MOSFET; the first terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the control power supply 10, the second terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first terminal of the third resistor R3 and the gate of the first MOSFET, the second terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the negative terminal of the DC bus, the drain of the first MOSFET is connected to the control terminal of the power switch Q2, and the source of the first MOSFET is connected to the negative terminal of the DC bus. Wherein, the gate of the first MOSFET is the control terminal of the control switch Q1, the drain of the first MOSFET is the first terminal of the control switch Q1, and the source of the first MOSFET is the second terminal of the control switch Q1.

[0054] In this embodiment, the discharge unit 60 includes: a fourth resistor R4; the first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the positive terminal of the DC bus (i.e., BUS+), and the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the drain of the power switch Q2.

[0055] In this embodiment of the present invention, when the device is started, the energy storage unit 30 delays the change of the voltage control signal to control the power switch Q2 to be in the off state; during normal operation, the active clamping unit 50 is turned on to control the power switch Q2 to be turned off; when the device is turned off, the active clamping unit 50 is turned off, the energy storage unit 30 provides the turn-on voltage to the control terminal of the power switch Q2 to control the power switch Q2 to be turned on, and the discharge unit 60 discharges the voltage on the DC bus.

[0056] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, by using two MOSFETs to control the voltage discharge circuit, a fast response to the discharge bus voltage is achieved with the help of the auxiliary power source. At the same time, a capacitor is set to support the opening of the discharge circuit when the auxiliary power source is de-energized, and to solve the loss problem caused during the startup phase.

[0057] like Figure 2As shown, when the device starts up, the first capacitor C1 slows down the change in the voltage control signal output by the control power supply 10, causing the power switch Q2 to be in the off state and the discharge circuit to be cut off. When the device is working normally, the control switch Q1 is turned on, thereby pulling down the gate voltage of the power switch Q2 and turning off the power switch Q2, cutting off the discharge circuit. When the device is turned off, the control power supply 10 is de-energized. At this time, the gate voltage of the control switch Q1 decreases, causing it to turn off. The first capacitor C1 provides voltage to the gate of the power switch Q2, turning on the power switch Q2 and thus putting the discharge circuit into operation.

[0058] The discharge time of the DC bus voltage can be adjusted by setting the parameters of the fourth resistor R4. The DC bus voltage discharge process can be equivalent to an RC discharge circuit, specifically as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Among them, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an RC discharge circuit. Figure 4 This is the capacitor voltage discharge curve. Uc is the initial DC bus voltage value during discharge, Cr is the equivalent DC bus capacitance, and U(t) is the bus voltage change over time.

[0059] Wherein, capacitor voltage discharge U(t)=U c ·e -tRC Where RC is the time constant. When the discharge time t = RC, the capacitor voltage drops by 37% of the initial voltage value; when the discharge time t = 4RC, the capacitor voltage drops by 1.83% of the initial voltage value. Assuming the equivalent bus capacitance is Cr = 5400uF, the initial bus discharge voltage is Uc = 80V, and the discharge resistance (i.e., the fourth resistor R4) is 150Ω, the bus voltage discharge time is calculated to be only t = 0.81s after dropping to below the safe voltage of 36V, based on one RC value.

[0060] The discharge voltage supports the capacitor calculation. The first capacitor C1 has two functions: to delay the rise of the auxiliary power input voltage when the equipment starts up, so that the power switch Q2 is in the off state to avoid losses; and to provide voltage to maintain the conduction of the power switch Q2 after the auxiliary power is lost, so as to ensure that the DC bus voltage can be discharged below the safe voltage. Figure 5 The figure shown is the charging curve of the first capacitor C1.

[0061] When the charging time t = RC, the voltage of the first capacitor C1 rises to 63% of its peak voltage. Setting a suitable resistor before the first capacitor C1 can adjust the charging time, ensuring the voltage discharge circuit is cut off during device startup. The first capacitor C1 supports the calculation of the conduction time of the power switch Q2; its value is set according to the required sustaining time for discharge. Figure 6 The diagram shown is the equivalent circuit diagram of the first capacitor C1 during discharge.

[0062] To ensure the power switch Q2 is turned on, the gate voltage U(t) of Q2 must be greater than the turn-on voltage Vt. The on-time is calculated as follows:

[0063]

[0064] have to

[0065] In the above formula, R1 represents the resistance value of resistor R1, R5 represents the resistance value of resistor R5, C1 represents the capacitance value of capacitor C1, t is the charging time, U(t) is the gate voltage, and Vt is the turn-on voltage.

[0066] The resistance values ​​and voltage division ratio of the first resistor R1 and the fifth resistor R5 can be adjusted according to the minimum turn-on voltage of the power switch Q2 and the required discharge time.

[0067] This utility model also provides a photovoltaic energy storage system, including: the bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter disclosed in the embodiments of this utility model.

[0068] This invention employs an auxiliary power source as the control power supply 10. After shutdown, when the DC bus voltage drops below the minimum sustaining voltage of the auxiliary power source, the auxiliary power source loses power and its output disappears. This satisfies the requirement for rapid circuit startup and operation, achieving a fast response. A capacitor is used as an energy storage element. Utilizing the characteristic that the voltage across a capacitor cannot change abruptly, the control terminal voltage of the power switch Q2 is clamped to a low potential during startup, ensuring the circuit does not conduct during startup and avoiding losses. Simultaneously, leveraging the energy storage property of the capacitor, the circuit charges and sustains the capacitor during normal operation, and releases energy to sustain the discharge after shutdown. The opening of the discharge circuit simultaneously prepares the control terminal voltage of the clamping power switch for the next startup. The duration of the capacitor-supported circuit conduction can be controlled by setting the parameters of the capacitor and voltage divider resistor. By setting an active clamping unit, it is ensured that the power switch will not conduct when the equipment is working normally and the auxiliary power supply output is normal, thus avoiding faults caused by the opening of the discharge circuit. This utility model uses the auxiliary power supply as a voltage control signal. Compared with directly borrowing the bus voltage reference, the auxiliary power supply output voltage fluctuation is smaller, and there will be no situation where the voltage control signal fluctuation is too large, causing the circuit to conduct unexpectedly. The system has good stability.

[0069] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of this utility model, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of this utility model and implement it accordingly. They do not limit the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this utility model should fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A bus voltage bleeder circuit for a photovoltaic energy storage inverter, the bus voltage bleeder circuit comprising: The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit.

2. The photovoltaic energy storage inverter bus voltage bleeding circuit of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit.

3. The photovoltaic energy storage inverter bus voltage bleeding circuit of claim 2, wherein, The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit.

4. The photovoltaic energy storage inverter bus voltage bleeding circuit of claim 2, wherein, The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit.

5. The photovoltaic energy storage inverter's bus voltage bleeding circuit of claim 2, wherein, The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit.

6. The photovoltaic energy storage inverter's bus voltage bleeding circuit of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit.

7. The photovoltaic energy storage inverter's bus voltage bleeding circuit of claim 6, wherein, The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit.

8. The photovoltaic energy storage inverter's bus voltage bleeding circuit of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. The application relates to a power supply control circuit. 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The photovoltaic energy storage inverter bus voltage bleeding circuit of any of claims 1-8, wherein, When starting, the energy storage unit delays the change of the voltage control signal to control the power switch tube to be in the off state; When working normally, the active clamping unit is turned on to control the power switch tube to be off; When shutting down, the active clamping unit is turned off, the energy storage unit provides an on voltage to the control end of the power switch tube to control the power switch tube to be on, and the discharge unit discharges the voltage on the DC bus.

10. A photovoltaic energy storage system, characterized by, Comprise: The bus voltage discharge circuit of the photovoltaic energy storage inverter according to any one of claims 1-9.

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