Inclined roadway composite supporting structure for crushing surrounding rock

Abstract

The utility model discloses an inclined roadway composite supporting structure for breaking surrounding rock, and belongs to the technical field of mine roadway supporting equipment. A three-in-one composite supporting system with a split type top beam, intelligent hydraulic column legs and a three-dimensional protective net is adopted, the split type top beam comprises a plurality of sections of U-shaped steel top beams, and the U-shaped steel top beams are connected with the shed column legs through universal spherical hinges; in the intelligent hydraulic column legs, pressure sensors and electromagnetic proportional valves are integrated below the shed column legs; in the three-dimensional protective net, a polyurethane wear-resistant layer is tightly attached to the top of the inclined roadway and the inner side of surrounding rock of the side, a metal net is arranged on the outer sides of a U-shaped steel top beam and shed column legs and is firmly fixed with the U-shaped steel top beam and the shed column legs, and closed-cell rubber is arranged between the polyurethane wear-resistant layer and the metal net to serve as a buffer cushion layer. The inclined roadway composite supporting structure solves the problems that an existing inclined roadway composite supporting structure is poor in stability and insufficient in supporting capacity, and has the advantages of being high in stability and strong in supporting capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mine roadway safety support technology, specifically a composite support structure for inclined roadways with fractured surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] After excavation of mine roadways, necessary support is required to ensure roadway stability. Commonly used support methods include bolts, cables, steel arches, and masonry arches. For roadways with fractured surrounding rock, bolt and cable support cannot provide sufficient stability; therefore, steel arches or masonry arches are often used. Masonry arches, due to their long construction period and high cost, are mostly used for shaft and main chamber support. Steel arches, with their quick construction and lower investment, are commonly used in ordinary roadways. Steel arches often employ U-shaped or I-shaped steel arches. U-shaped steel arches are frequently used in semi-circular arched rock roadways, while I-shaped steel arches are often used in trapezoidal or rectangular coal seam roadways. When roadways encounter stress concentrations such as geological structures, goafs, or bifurcation points, a single support method cannot guarantee the roadway's support strength. Therefore, composite support methods are often used, organically integrating multiple support methods to ensure roadway stability.

[0003] There are many studies and reports on roadway support, but relatively few studies on the use of semi-circular arched steel canopy support in roadways with fractured surrounding rock. Furthermore, existing related technologies have a series of problems and shortcomings: Existing U-shaped steel canopy support, with the U-shaped opening facing outwards, has a roof contact rate of only about 65%, resulting in low support efficiency. In areas of stress concentration, the roof beam is prone to torsion or deformation. When the roadway has an inclination angle, the steel canopy needs to be arranged perpendicular to the roadway direction; improper installation and a large open roof can lead to collapse. When encountering fractured surrounding rock, the steel canopy structure directly supports the surrounding rock, lacking a buffer device, resulting in uneven stress on the steel canopy and easy damage. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies and proposes a composite support structure for inclined tunnels with fractured surrounding rock; it solves the problems of poor stability and insufficient support capacity in current composite support structures for inclined tunnels.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] A composite support structure for inclined tunnels used in fractured surrounding rock includes a split-type top beam, intelligent hydraulic columns, and a three-dimensional protective net; the split-type top beam includes multiple interconnected U-shaped steel top beams; the intelligent hydraulic columns include support columns, pressure sensors, and electromagnetic proportional valves; the three-dimensional protective net includes a polyurethane wear-resistant layer, closed-cell rubber, and metal mesh;

[0007] Multiple U-shaped steel roof beams are arranged along the surrounding rock of the roadway; the U-shaped steel roof beams on the lower sections of both sides are connected to the support columns by universal ball joints; pressure sensors and electromagnetic proportional valves are integrated below the support columns; the polyurethane wear-resistant layer is tightly attached to the top of the inclined roadway and the inner side of the surrounding rock of the side walls; the metal mesh is set on the outside of the U-shaped steel roof beams and support columns and is fixed to them; closed-cell rubber is set between the polyurethane wear-resistant layer and the metal mesh.

[0008] Furthermore, in the split-type top beam, multiple U-shaped steel top beams are connected by double-headed trapezoidal threaded cable clamps.

[0009] Furthermore, in the intelligent hydraulic column leg, a pressure sensor is installed at the lower end of the column leg, and an electromagnetic proportional valve is installed below the column leg along with the pressure sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, a wedge-shaped locking washer is provided between the lowest end of the intelligent hydraulic column leg and the inclined tunnel floor.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper end of the support column leg is welded with a universal ball joint, and the lower end extends into the bottom plate of the tunnel and rests on the stable bottom plate.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model compared to the prior art are as follows:

[0013] The composite support structure proposed in this utility model innovatively adopts a three-in-one composite support system of "split-type top beam + intelligent hydraulic column leg + three-dimensional protective net", which can significantly improve the support load-bearing capacity and has the characteristics of high stability and strong support capacity.

[0014] (1) In the split-type top beam, the U-shaped steel top beam is connected to the canopy column leg by a universal ball joint. The universal ball joint allows the U-shaped steel top beam to rotate within a certain range, which facilitates on-site construction and allows the U-shaped steel top beam to be arranged along a more stable roadway surrounding rock, avoiding the top beam from twisting or deforming when encountering stress concentration.

[0015] (2) In the intelligent hydraulic column leg, a pressure sensor and an electromagnetic proportional valve are integrated under the column leg. During on-site construction, the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor can be converted into a displacement value by the electromagnetic proportional valve according to a certain ratio, so as to reasonably adjust the landing position of the column leg, so that the pressure on adjacent steel sheds (mainly referring to U-shaped steel top beam and column leg) is not much different, reducing stress concentration caused by construction factors; at the same time, the wedge-shaped locking gasket at the lower end of the column leg is used to make the steel shed have a certain angle of attack, preventing the steel shed from tilting and making the steel shed more stable.

[0016] (3) In the three-dimensional protective net, the polyurethane wear-resistant layer is closely attached to the top of the inclined tunnel and the inner side of the surrounding rock, which can prevent the broken surrounding rock from falling and injuring people; the metal mesh is set on the outside of the U-shaped steel top beam and the canopy column legs and is fixed together with them, which can connect multiple steel canopies into a support whole, and help improve the support capacity of the steel canopy; the closed-cell rubber is set between the polyurethane wear-resistant layer and the metal mesh as a buffer layer, which can avoid the uneven force on the steel canopy when the surrounding rock is directly subjected to the steel canopy and cause local damage to the steel canopy; at the same time, when the surrounding rock is gradually stabilized after the support is completed, the closed-cell rubber will be squeezed into the outward U-shaped opening of the U-shaped steel top beam, thereby improving the roof connection rate and support efficiency of the steel canopy. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the inclined tunnel composite support structure described in this utility model;

[0018] In the diagram: 1—U-shaped steel top beam; 2—canopy column leg; 3—double-headed trapezoidal threaded cable clamp; 4—universal ball joint; 5—pressure sensor; 6—electromagnetic proportional valve; 7—wedge-shaped locking gasket; 8—polyurethane wear-resistant layer; 9—closed-cell rubber; 10—metal mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical problem to be solved, the technical solution, and the beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, this utility model will be further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. The technical solution of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.

[0020] The support structure of the stress concentration section of the main track roadway in a certain mine has an inclination angle of 20°, adopts a semi-circular arch cross-section, has a net width of 4.0m and a net height of 3.5m, and is located in a broken sandy mudstone. The technical solution provided by this utility model is adopted.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a composite support structure for inclined tunnels with fractured surrounding rock, which is a three-in-one composite support system consisting of "split-type top beam, intelligent hydraulic column leg, and three-dimensional protective net".

[0022] In System 1, the split-type top beam includes multiple U-shaped steel top beams 1, which are connected by double-headed trapezoidal threaded cable 3. The U-shaped steel top beams 1 on both sides of the lower section are connected to the canopy column legs 2 by universal ball joints 4. During on-site construction, the number of sections of the U-shaped steel roof beam 1 should be reasonably determined based on factors such as the roadway width, roadway pressure, and steel beam model, usually 3 or 5 sections; the overlap length between U-shaped steel roof beams 1 is usually 400mm-600mm, and each overlap section is connected and fixed with 2-3 sets of double-headed trapezoidal threaded cable clamps 3; the universal ball joint 4 should be pre-welded to the upper end of the support column leg 2, and a sleeve should be welded to the upper end of the universal ball joint 4 to insert and fix the lower section of the U-shaped steel roof beam 1 on both sides. The inner size of the sleeve must match the outer size of the U-shaped steel roof beam 1, and the sleeve length should not be less than 400mm; during installation, the universal ball joint 4 can be used to rotate the U-shaped steel roof beam 1 within a certain range, allowing it to be arranged along a more stable roadway surrounding rock, avoiding the roof beam from twisting or deforming when encountering stress concentration.

[0023] In this embodiment, the U-shaped steel top beam 1 is made of No. 29 U-shaped steel with an inner diameter of 2m. It is divided into 3 sections, with the top arc section being 3.53m long and the two side arc sections being 2.15m long. The 3 sections of the U-shaped steel top beam 1 overlap at two points, with an overlap length of 500mm. The overlap sections are connected and fixed by 2 sets of double-headed trapezoidal threaded cable clamps 3. The rotation angle of the universal ball joint 4 is ±10°.

[0024] In System 2, the intelligent hydraulic column leg includes a support column leg 2, a pressure sensor 5, and an electromagnetic proportional valve 6. The pressure sensor 5 is installed at the lower end of the support column leg 2, and the electromagnetic proportional valve 6 is installed below the support column leg 2 along with the pressure sensor 5. A wedge-shaped locking gasket 7 is provided between the lowest end of the intelligent hydraulic column leg and the inclined tunnel floor. During on-site construction, the canopy column leg 2 can be fabricated using U-shaped steel canopy or I-beam steel canopy. The upper end is welded with a universal ball joint 4, and the lower end should extend at least 200mm below the roadway floor and rest on a stable foundation plate (a stable foundation plate can be artificially added, such as by setting up a concrete pier). The pressure sensor 5 and the electromagnetic proportional valve 6 should be used in conjunction. On-site, based on the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor 5, the electromagnetic proportional valve 6 can be used to convert the pressure value into a displacement value according to a certain ratio, thereby reasonably adjusting the landing position of the canopy column leg so that the pressure borne by adjacent steel canopies (mainly referring to U-shaped steel top beam 1 and canopy column leg 2) is not much different, reducing stress concentration caused by construction factors. After the wedge-shaped locking gasket 7 is inserted, the steel canopy should have a mountain-facing angle of 1 / 6 to 1 / 8 of the roadway inclination angle.

[0025] In this embodiment, the canopy support leg 2 is made of No. 20 I-beam and is 1.75m long (250mm deep into the tunnel floor). The pressure sensor 5 has a range of 0-30MPa, the electromagnetic proportional valve 6 has a compensation accuracy of ±100mm, and the angle of attack of the steel canopy after setting the wedge locking gasket 7 is 3°.

[0026] In System Three, the three-dimensional protective netting includes a polyurethane wear-resistant layer 8, closed-cell rubber 9, and a metal mesh 10. The polyurethane wear-resistant layer 8 is tightly attached to the top of the inclined tunnel and the inner side of the surrounding rock. The metal mesh 10 is set on the outside of the U-shaped steel top beam 1 and the canopy column legs 2 and is firmly attached to them. The closed-cell rubber 9 is placed between the polyurethane wear-resistant layer 8 and the metal mesh 10 as a buffer layer. During on-site construction, after the tunnel is excavated, a layer of polyurethane wear-resistant layer 8 is first applied to prevent debris from falling and injuring people. The metal mesh 10 is fixed to the U-shaped steel top beam 1 and the canopy column legs 2 with steel wire. When the tunnel stability is poor, back plates and tie rods can be reasonably added to connect adjacent steel canopies. The compression permanent deformation of the closed-cell rubber 9 is no more than 15%. As a buffer layer, the closed-cell rubber 9 can avoid uneven stress on the steel canopy when the surrounding rock is directly subjected to force, which can cause local damage to the steel canopy.

[0027] In this embodiment, the polyurethane wear-resistant layer 8 has a hardness range of 60HA and a thickness of 5mm, and the metal mesh 10 is made of Φ6mm manganese steel wire woven into a 50×50mm diamond mesh.

[0028] The above description is a further detailed explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments. It should not be considered that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the present invention, and all such deductions or substitutions should be considered to fall within the scope of patent protection determined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. A composite support structure for inclined tunnels in fractured surrounding rock, characterized in that, It includes a split-type top beam, intelligent hydraulic column legs, and a three-dimensional protective net; the split-type top beam includes multiple connected U-shaped steel top beams (1); the intelligent hydraulic column legs include canopy column legs (2), pressure sensors (5), and electromagnetic proportional valves (6); the three-dimensional protective net includes a polyurethane wear-resistant layer (8), closed-cell rubber (9), and metal mesh (10). Multiple U-shaped steel roof beams (1) are arranged along the surrounding rock of the roadway; the U-shaped steel roof beams (1) of the lower section of the two sides are connected to the support column legs (2) by universal ball joints (4); pressure sensors (5) and electromagnetic proportional valves (6) are integrated below the support column legs (2); polyurethane wear-resistant layer (8) is closely attached to the top of the inclined roadway and the inner side of the surrounding rock of the sidewall; metal mesh (10) is set on the outside of the U-shaped steel roof beams (1) and support column legs (2) and is fixed together with them; closed-cell rubber (9) is set between the polyurethane wear-resistant layer (8) and the metal mesh (10).

2. The composite support structure for inclined tunnels in fractured surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the split-type top beam, multiple U-shaped steel top beams (1) are connected by double-headed trapezoidal threaded cable (3).

3. The composite support structure for inclined tunnels in fractured surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the intelligent hydraulic column leg, a pressure sensor (5) is installed at the lower end of the column leg (2), and an electromagnetic proportional valve (6) is installed below the column leg (2) along with the pressure sensor (5).

4. A composite support structure for inclined tunnels in fractured surrounding rock according to claim 3, characterized in that, A wedge-shaped locking gasket (7) is provided between the lowest end of the intelligent hydraulic column leg and the bottom plate of the inclined tunnel.

5. A composite support structure for inclined tunnels in fractured surrounding rock according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper end of the canopy column leg (2) is welded with a universal ball joint (4), and the lower end extends into the bottom plate of the roadway and rests on the stable bottom plate.

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