Diversion tunnel inlet structure and diversion tunnel

Abstract

The utility model provides a diversion tunnel inlet structure and a diversion tunnel, and relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, the diversion tunnel inlet structure comprises a gate groove located in the middle of the diversion tunnel inlet structure and used for installing a gate and providing guide support for the gate; the inlet section horn mouth is arranged in the upstream direction of the gate groove and comprises a transition part, the transition part is transited to a second city door opening-shaped section in the mode that the width and the height of the first city door opening-shaped section are both gradually reduced, and the section of the channel part is the second city door opening-shaped section; the channel part is located at the downstream of the transition part, and the cross section of the channel part is a second gate opening-shaped cross section and used for guiding water flow to the gate groove; and the hole body section is located in the downstream direction of the gate groove and connected with the gate groove, and the cross section of the hole body section is a second city gate hole-shaped cross section. The integral hydraulic performance of the diversion tunnel inlet structure can be guaranteed, and meanwhile the construction difficulty of the diversion tunnel inlet structure is lowered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and more specifically, to a diversion tunnel inlet structure and a diversion tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] Diversion tunnels are commonly used hydraulic structures in water conservancy projects. Their inlet structures typically play a crucial role in guiding water flow, facilitating a smooth transition, and reducing head loss. In related technologies, the gate slot in the diversion tunnel inlet structure is usually designed with a rectangular cross-section, while the tunnel body has a gate-shaped cross-section. To achieve a smooth transition between the rectangular and gate-shaped cross-sections, a transition section is usually set between the rectangular sections to ensure the stability of the water flow.

[0003] However, the transition section presents significant challenges in actual construction. For example, its construction is difficult and the formwork setup is complex. Especially in complex hydraulic engineering environments, the construction of the transition section can easily impact project progress and demands a high level of excavation expertise. Furthermore, improper design of the diversion tunnel inlet structure can cause localized flow turbulence, leading to increased local head loss and severely affecting the overall hydraulic performance of the diversion facility. Utility Model Content

[0004] The problem this invention addresses is how to reduce the construction difficulty of the diversion tunnel inlet structure while ensuring its hydraulic performance.

[0005] To solve the above problems, this utility model provides a flow guide tunnel inlet structure and flow guide tunnel.

[0006] On the one hand, this utility model provides a flow guide tunnel inlet structure, including:

[0007] The gate slot, located in the middle of the inlet structure of the diversion tunnel, is used to install the gate and provide guiding support for the gate;

[0008] The inlet section, located upstream of the gate slot, includes, in sequence along the water flow direction:

[0009] The transition section has an entrance section that is a first city gate-shaped section and an exit section that is a second city gate-shaped section. The transition section transitions to the second city gate-shaped section by gradually reducing both the width and height of the first city gate-shaped section.

[0010] The channel section is located downstream of the transition section. The cross-section of the channel section is a second city gate-shaped cross-section. The channel section is used to guide the water flow to the gate slot.

[0011] The tunnel section is located downstream of the gate slot and is connected to the gate slot. The cross-section of the tunnel section is a second city gate-shaped cross-section.

[0012] Preferably, the length of the transition section is 0.5 meters to 5 meters.

[0013] Preferably, the transition section has an arc shape along the water flow direction.

[0014] Preferably, the transition section smoothly transitions from the first gate-shaped cross-section to the second gate-shaped cross-section via an arc with a radius of curvature of 0.5 meters to 1 meter.

[0015] Preferably, the internal cross-section of the gate slot is rectangular.

[0016] Preferably, the width-to-depth ratio of the gate slot is 1.6 to 2.0.

[0017] Preferably, it further includes a lintel located downstream of the gate slot, the lintel being connected to the rectangular cross-section of the gate slot, such that the flow cross-section after the lintel and the rectangular cross-section are superimposed is consistent with the second city gate-shaped cross-section.

[0018] Preferably, the length of the lintel along the water flow direction is 0.4 meters to 1 meter.

[0019] Preferably, the lintel is formed by concrete pouring and has internal reinforcing ribs.

[0020] On the other hand, this utility model provides a diversion tunnel, including a diversion pipe section, a gate operating platform, and any one of the above-mentioned diversion tunnel inlet structures.

[0021] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: By designing the inlet of the diversion tunnel in the form of a funnel, and replacing the complex transition section in the traditional diversion tunnel inlet structure with a transition section in the funnel section, the construction difficulty of the diversion tunnel is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the diversion tunnel inlet structure in this invention no longer employs the traditional transition section design. Instead, through the gradual contraction of the funnel section transition section and the smooth transition of the channel section, the hydraulic, anti-buoyancy, and anti-sliding stability of the diversion tunnel inlet structure is ensured, while simultaneously reducing the construction difficulty. This invention can reduce the construction difficulty of the diversion tunnel inlet structure while maintaining the overall hydraulic performance of the diversion tunnel inlet structure. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the inlet structure of a flow guide tunnel provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2This is a partial structural diagram of a flow guide tunnel inlet structure provided for an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-gate slot, 21-transition section, 22-passage section, 3-tunnel section, 4-lintel section. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0026] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0027] Diversion tunnels, as important hydraulic structures in water conservancy projects, are typically used to guide and regulate water flow, especially in situations where the water flow is large or requires directional guidance. The inlet structure of the diversion tunnel is a key component affecting the water flow transition effect; its design quality directly determines the stability of the water flow, the magnitude of head loss, and the construction difficulty of the project.

[0028] In traditional diversion tunnels, it's common practice to design the gate slot with a rectangular cross-section, while the tunnel body adopts a portal-shaped cross-section. These two cross-sectional shapes differ significantly, and a transition section is needed to smoothly guide the water flow when transitioning from the rectangular to the portal-shaped section. The transition section, as the area where the water flow transitions from the rectangular to the portal-shaped section, plays a crucial role in traditional designs. Its main function is to ensure that the water flow does not become turbulent during the transition through a gradually changing shape. However, in actual construction, the transition section often faces significant problems.

[0029] On the one hand, transition sections require precise design and are difficult to construct, especially in complex hydraulic environments. These sections involve changes in multiple cross-sectional shapes, demanding high precision from construction workers in the fabrication of formwork and support structures. Even slight lapses in precision control can affect the smooth transition of water flow. On the other hand, the need for a smooth transition in the cross-sections of transition sections makes formwork fabrication and installation extremely complex. Traditional transition sections typically require multiple transition formwork sections with precise alignment, resulting in a long construction period and a risk of formwork deformation or insecure support, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the water flow transition. Furthermore, the complexity of transition sections not only increases construction difficulty but can also negatively impact project progress and quality. Especially in rainy, humid, or turbulent environments, the construction of transition sections is easily affected by external conditions, delaying progress and potentially impacting the quality of subsequent projects if construction is not completed as planned.

[0030] The objective of this invention is to provide a novel design for the inlet structure of a diversion tunnel, which effectively solves the problems of construction difficulty, formwork complexity, water flow turbulence, and local head loss in traditional transition section designs, thereby reducing the construction difficulty of the diversion tunnel inlet structure while ensuring the overall hydraulic performance of the diversion tunnel inlet structure.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 This utility model provides a flow guide tunnel inlet structure, including:

[0032] Gate slot 1, located in the middle of the inlet structure of the diversion tunnel, is used to install the gate and provide guiding support for the gate.

[0033] Specifically, the gate slot 1, as an important component of the diversion tunnel structure, primarily functions to provide an installation position for the gate and offer stable guiding support. Furthermore, the gate slot 1 is not only a structural component for gate installation but also guides the flow of water. In this invention, the gate slot 1 connects to the downstream tunnel section 3 (the main channel of the diversion tunnel), ensuring a smooth transition of water flow to the tunnel section 3.

[0034] The inlet section is arranged upstream of the gate slot 1 and includes a transition section 21 and a channel section 22 in sequence along the water flow direction.

[0035] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the inlet section funnel is arranged upstream in the inlet structure of the guide tunnel, serving to guide the water flow to ensure a smooth transition and reduce head loss. The inlet section funnel, as the entrance portion for the water flow into the guide tunnel, gradually narrows the water flow and guides it to the transition section 21, thereby facilitating a smooth transition of the water flow to the downstream of the transition section 21.

[0036] The entrance section of the transition section 21 is in the shape of a first city gate, and the exit section of the transition section 21 is in the shape of a second city gate. The transition section 21 transitions to the shape of the second city gate by gradually reducing the width and height of the first city gate.

[0037] Specifically, the inlet cross-section of the transition section 21 is a first gate-shaped cross-section, located at the upstream port (near the flared end) of the transition section 21. That is, the cross-section of the water entering the transition section 21 at this time is the first gate-shaped cross-section. The cross-section of the downstream port of the transition section 21 (on the side connecting the channel section 22) is a second gate-shaped cross-section. The size of the first gate-shaped cross-section is larger than that of the second gate-shaped cross-section. That is, the transition section 21 transitions to the second gate-shaped cross-section by gradually decreasing the width and height of the first gate-shaped cross-section, so as to avoid turbulence caused by the contraction of the water flow cross-section and make the water flow more stable.

[0038] The channel section 22 is located downstream of the transition section 21. The cross-section of the channel section 22 is a second city gate-shaped cross-section. The channel section 22 is used to guide the water flow to the gate slot 1.

[0039] The channel section 22 is located downstream of the transition section 21 and is used to guide the water flow to the gate slot 1, and control the water flow into the diversion tunnel through the gate installed on the gate slot 1. The cross-section of the channel section 22 is a second gate-shaped cross-section, which continues the cross-sectional shape of the outlet end of the transition section 21, so that the water flow transitions smoothly from the transition section 21 to the channel section 22, ensuring that the water flow remains stable after entering the channel section 22.

[0040] The tunnel section 3 is located downstream of the gate slot 1 and is connected to the gate slot 1. The cross-section of the tunnel section 3 is a second city gate-shaped cross-section.

[0041] As the main part of the diversion tunnel inlet structure that guides the water flow, the tunnel section 3 plays a role in guiding and stabilizing the water flow direction. Located downstream of the gate slot 1, the tunnel section 3 is directly connected to the gate slot 1, allowing it to directly receive the water flow from the gate slot 1 and guide its direction. Moreover, the cross-section of the tunnel section 3 is a second-gate-shaped cross-section, meaning that the cross-section of the tunnel section 3 is the same as the cross-section of the funnel section 22 of the inlet section. This ensures that the water flow has already transitioned after passing through the transition section 21 of the funnel section of the inlet section. At this point, it is no longer necessary to design a transition section between the gate slot 1 and the tunnel section 3 to transition the water flow cross-section, thus ensuring the smoothness of the water flow. This reduces the head loss of the water flow and improves the water flow stability of the diversion tunnel inlet structure.

[0042] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: By designing the inlet of the diversion tunnel in the form of a funnel, and replacing the complex gradual transition section in the traditional diversion tunnel inlet structure with the transition section 21 in the funnel section of the inlet segment, the construction difficulty of the diversion tunnel is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the transition section 21, by gradually reducing the width and height of the first gate-shaped cross-section to smoothly transition to the second gate-shaped cross-section, allows for an early transition to the second gate-shaped cross-section followed immediately by the channel section. This ensures that the water flow completes the transition before reaching the gate, helping to ensure smooth water flow guidance and improving the hydraulic performance of the diversion tunnel inlet structure. Finally, the diversion tunnel inlet structure in this invention no longer uses the traditional gradual transition section design. Instead, the gradual contraction of the funnel section 21 and the smooth transition of the channel section 22 ensure the stability of the diversion tunnel inlet structure and reduce construction difficulty. This invention can reduce the construction difficulty of the diversion tunnel inlet structure while ensuring the overall hydraulic performance of the diversion tunnel inlet structure.

[0043] In one embodiment, the length of the transition section 21 is 0.5 meters to 5 meters.

[0044] Specifically, the lengths of the transition section 21 and the channel section 22 refer to the dimensions along the water flow direction. In this embodiment, the length design of the transition section 21 enables the inlet structure of the guide tunnel to reduce construction difficulty and optimize hydraulic performance while ensuring a smooth water flow transition.

[0045] Within a length range of 0.4 meters to 0.6 meters in the transition section 21, when the water flow transitions from the first gate-shaped cross-section to the second gate-shaped cross-section, turbulence in the water flow is effectively avoided. This reduces head loss while ensuring stable flow velocity, further enhancing the overall performance and stability of the diversion tunnel inlet section.

[0046] In one embodiment, the inlet section flare is an arc-shaped flare.

[0047] It should be explained that the arc-shaped horn mouth, that is, the guide surface of the transition section 21 along the water flow direction has an arc-shaped curvature, in this embodiment, the smooth curvature transition of the arc-shaped horn mouth can effectively slow down the acceleration rate of the water flow, reduce the turbulence of the water flow in the inlet section, and ensure the smooth flow of the water in the guide tunnel. At the same time, the design of the circular horn mouth makes the water flow distribution more uniform, avoids the water flow impacting the transition section area, reduces the impact force of the rapid change of flow velocity on the inlet structure of the guide tunnel, and improves the durability of the inlet structure of the guide tunnel.

[0048] In one embodiment, the transition section 21 smoothly transitions the first city gate-shaped cross-section to the second city gate-shaped cross-section through an arc with a radius of curvature of 0.5 meters to 1 meter.

[0049] Specifically, the inlet cross-section of the transition section 21 is in the shape of a first city gate, and the outlet cross-section is in the shape of a second city gate. Within the transition section 21, the arc shape plays a role in smoothing the transition, making the transition from the first city gate cross-section to the second city gate cross-section gradual and smooth. Moreover, the transition section 21, through its arc shape with a curvature radius of 0.5 meters to 1 meter, can achieve a smooth transition of water flow, avoiding turbulence or oscillation caused by abrupt changes in water flow.

[0050] In one embodiment, the internal cross-section of the gate slot 1 is a rectangular cross-section.

[0051] It should be explained that the rectangular cross-section gate slot 1 has a relatively simple and stable structure, which can withstand greater water flow pressure and effectively disperse the impact force of the water flow. In addition, the side walls and bottom of the rectangular cross-section are evenly stressed, which can avoid excessive concentrated pressure of the water flow on the structure. On the other hand, the rectangular cross-section has a relatively simple geometry, which can greatly simplify the construction process of the gate slot 1. Furthermore, the formwork erection, concrete pouring and curing of the rectangular cross-section gate slot 1 are relatively simple and easy to operate, shortening the construction period and reducing construction costs.

[0052] In this example, the rectangular cross-section gate slot 1 provides stable water flow guidance, simplifying the construction process. This embodiment, through the reasonable structural design of the gate slot 1, achieves smooth water flow guidance and provides reliable support for gate installation, while also offering advantages such as simple construction and convenient maintenance.

[0053] In one embodiment, the width-to-depth ratio of the gate slot 1 is 1.6 to 2.0.

[0054] It needs to be explained that, referring to Figure 2 The width-to-depth ratio of gate slot 1 refers to the ratio between the width a (i.e., the horizontal dimension of the slot) and the depth b (i.e., the vertical dimension of the slot) of gate slot 1. By designing the width-to-depth ratio of gate slot 1 to 1.6 to 2.0, not only can the smooth flow of water be ensured during construction and diversion, but also the cavitation problem that may occur during construction can be reduced.

[0055] Cavitation refers to the phenomenon where excessively high water flow velocity causes bubbles to form in the water flow. The collapse of these bubbles generates a strong impact force, which in turn causes corrosion, damage, or localized flaking of structural materials.

[0056] Reference Figure 2 In one embodiment, the inlet structure of the diversion tunnel further includes a lintel 4 located downstream of the gate slot. The lintel 4 is connected to the rectangular cross-section of the gate slot 1, such that the flow cross-section after the lintel 4 and the rectangular cross-section are superimposed is consistent with the second gate-shaped cross-section.

[0057] Specifically, the lintel 4 is located downstream of the gate slot. Its main function is to connect with the rectangular cross-section of the gate slot 1 to achieve a smooth transition of water flow from the rectangular cross-section to the second gate-shaped cross-section, thereby avoiding instability in the water flow during the transition and reducing water flow turbulence and head loss.

[0058] The downstream direction of the gate slot 1 refers to the direction of water flow. The lintel 4 is set after the water flows through the gate slot 1, which can further guide the water flow to the downstream part (tunnel section 3). Through the connection between the lintel 4 and the rectangular section of the gate slot 1, the flow section is consistent with the second gate tunnel section. This not only can it achieve the effect of smooth water flow transition and reduce head loss, but also optimize the hydraulic performance of the diversion tunnel inlet structure.

[0059] This embodiment connects the lintel 4 to the rectangular cross-section of the gate slot 1, ensuring that the flow cross-section is consistent with the second gate opening cross-section. This effectively and smoothly guides the water flow, reduces head loss, and improves flow stability and hydraulic performance. Simultaneously, the channel section 22 of the inlet section is also designed as a second gate opening cross-section, ensuring that the water flow maintains the same cross-sectional shape as the tunnel section 3 within the channel section 22. After the water flows through the gate slot 1, the lintel design facilitates a smooth transition, simplifying the construction process, significantly reducing construction difficulty, and substantially improving construction efficiency.

[0060] In one embodiment, the length of the lintel 4 along the water flow direction is 0.4 meters to 1 meter.

[0061] In this embodiment, the length of the lintel 4 along the water flow direction is set to 0.4 meters to 1 meter to ensure a smooth water flow transition. At the same time, it can effectively connect with the rectangular cross-section of the gate slot 1 and the second gate-shaped cross-section of the downstream part, reducing the instability of the water flow and the head loss.

[0062] In one embodiment, the lintel 4 is formed by concrete pouring and has internal reinforcing ribs.

[0063] In this embodiment, the lintel 4 is manufactured by pouring concrete and reinforced with ribs, which improves the compressive and tensile strength of the lintel 4. This allows the lintel 4 to maintain stability under long-term water flow and ensures smooth water flow. Furthermore, the combination of concrete and ribs not only improves the overall strength and durability of the lintel 4, but also simplifies the construction process.

[0064] On the other hand, this utility model provides a diversion tunnel, including a diversion pipe section, a gate operating platform, and any one of the above-mentioned diversion tunnel inlet structures.

[0065] Specifically, the diversion tunnel mainly consists of three parts: the diversion pipe section, the gate operating platform, and the diversion tunnel inlet structure. The various parts of the diversion tunnel cooperate with each other to complete the functions of water flow guidance, transition, and flow regulation.

[0066] The diversion pipe section is located downstream of the aforementioned diversion tunnel inlet structure and is used to guide water flow through the diversion tunnel to ensure that the water flows smoothly and stably downstream or to other predetermined areas.

[0067] The gate operating platform provides control over the gate and is typically located near gate slot 1 for easy operation and maintenance by staff. The platform is usually positioned above the water flow for safety and is equipped with operating levers, control panels, and other equipment to ensure adjustable water flow and optimized hydraulic performance.

[0068] Although the present invention has been disclosed above, its protection scope is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flow guide tunnel inlet structure, characterized in that, include: The gate slot (1) is located in the middle of the inlet structure of the diversion tunnel and is used to install the gate and provide guiding support for the gate; The inlet section bell mouth, located upstream of the gate slot (1), comprises, in sequence along the water flow direction: The transition section (21) has an entrance section that is a first city gate-shaped section and an exit section that is a second city gate-shaped section. The transition section (21) transitions to the second city gate-shaped section by gradually reducing the width and height of the first city gate-shaped section. The channel section (22) is located downstream of the transition section (21). The cross section of the channel section (22) is a second city gate-shaped cross section. The channel section (22) is used to guide the water flow to the gate slot (1). The tunnel section (3) is located downstream of the gate slot (1) and is connected to the gate slot (1). The cross-section of the tunnel section (3) is a second city gate tunnel cross-section.

2. The inlet structure of the guide tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the transition section (21) is 0.5 meters to 5 meters.

3. The inlet structure of the diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transition section (21) is arc-shaped along the direction of water flow.

4. The inlet structure of the guide tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transition section (21) smoothly transitions from the first gate-shaped section to the second gate-shaped section through an arc with a radius of curvature of 0.5 meters to 1 meter.

5. The inlet structure of the diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal cross-section of the gate slot (1) is rectangular.

6. The inlet structure of the diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width-to-depth ratio of the gate slot (1) is 1.6 to 2.

0.

7. The inlet structure of the diversion tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a lintel (4) located downstream of the gate slot (1), the lintel (4) being connected to the rectangular section of the gate slot (1), such that the flow section after the lintel (4) and the rectangular section are superimposed is consistent with the second city gate-shaped section.

8. The inlet structure of the diversion tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that, The length of the lintel (4) along the direction of water flow is 0.4 meters to 1 meter.

9. The inlet structure of the diversion tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lintel (4) is formed by concrete pouring and has internal reinforcing ribs.

10. A diversion tunnel, characterized in that, It includes a diversion pipe section, a gate operating platform, and the diversion tunnel inlet structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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