PWM solar controller
By employing NMOS switching transistors and a common positive power supply architecture in the PWM solar controller, combined with MCU control and a CAT1-type 4G communication module, the problems of cumbersome operation and complex circuitry in existing technologies are solved, achieving efficient 20A charging and discharging and remote control functions, while reducing cost and complexity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520151866.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-22
AI Technical Summary
Existing PWM solar controllers are cumbersome to operate during maintenance, have a single communication interface that is prone to errors, have a complex circuit structure that is costly, cannot achieve high power expansion, and have a single communication method that cannot meet the charging and discharging requirements of 20A or even 30A.
It adopts NMOS switching transistors to simplify the drive circuit, eliminating the need for additional boost circuits and dedicated MOS driver ICs. It uses a common positive power supply architecture, combined with MCU control and a CAT1 type 4G communication module to simplify communication wiring. It has a built-in SIM card to support remote control and data viewing.
It reduces the cost of NMOS switch selection and drive circuit, enables 20A charging and discharging, simplifies communication wiring steps, supports remote control and real-time data viewing, and reduces the complexity of on-site operation.
Smart Images
Figure CN223858889U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application relates to a PWM solar controller. BACKGROUND
[0002] The solar controller is an intermediate connecting part between a photovoltaic power generation terminal and a battery storage terminal in off-grid photovoltaic energy storage, and in field application, the solar equipment needs to be regularly maintained and repaired. At present, when the repair is carried out, the related parameters of the solar equipment are generally obtained by field measurement, and the measurement equipment (such as an ammeter and the like) needs to be connected with the solar controller, so that the operation is complicated, and the technical personnel on site are required to be high. In some use scenarios, the controller has a communication function, but the external communication interface is RS485, and the user needs to externally connect a 4G module to realize DTU transmission so as to establish a data channel with a background master station, and the communication mode is single, and communication malfunctions often occur due to wiring errors on site, and data cannot be obtained. The existing PWM controller circuit structure with 4G communication is designed as a common negative electrode, the circuit control structure is complicated, the cost is high, large power expansion cannot be realized, and at present, only products with 10A charging and discharging capacity exist, and in combination with market and customer demands, a controller scheme with 20A or even 30A larger power and lower cost is required. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and to provide a PWM solar controller, in which NMOS is used to realize the selection of a switch tube in a charging switch control module and a discharging switch control module, a driving circuit is simple, no additional voltage boosting circuit or special MOS driving IC is needed, and cost is saved.
[0004] The utility model adopts the technical scheme that the PWM solar controller, including main control module, battery unit and solar panel unit are connected with main control module respectively, characterized in that: the output end of main control module is connected with charging switch control module and discharging switch control module, the output end of charging switch control module is connected with battery unit and solar panel unit respectively, the output end of battery unit is connected with discharging switch control module, the output end of charging switch control module is also connected with charging parameter monitoring module, the output end of discharging switch control module is also connected with discharging parameter monitoring module, charging parameter monitoring module and discharging parameter monitoring module are connected with main control unit respectively, and the switch tube of NMOS is arranged in discharging switch control module and charging switch control module.
[0005] Further, the charging parameter monitoring module comprises a charging current monitoring module for monitoring the charging current, and the output end of the charging current monitoring module is connected with the main control module.
[0006] Further, the discharge parameter monitoring module comprises a discharge current monitoring module for monitoring the discharge current, and a discharge short circuit monitoring module, and outputs of the discharge current monitoring module and the discharge short circuit monitoring module are connected to the main control module.
[0007] Further, a key module and a temperature monitoring module are also connected to an input of the main control module.
[0008] Further, an indicator light module, a display module and a 4G communication module are also connected to an output of the main control module.
[0009] Further, in the discharge switch control module, an output of the main control module is connected to a base of a triode Q11 in series with a resistor R47, an emitter of the triode Q11 is grounded, a collector of the triode Q11 is connected to one end of a resistor R39 and a base of a triode Q10, an emitter of the triode Q10 is grounded, a collector of the triode Q10 is connected to a resistor R40 and one end of a resistor R43, the other ends of the resistors R39-R40 are connected to a 12V DC power supply; the other end of the resistor R43 is connected to one end of a resistor R41 and a gate of a MOS tube Q9 with a model number of CRST041N08N, the MOS tube Q9 is an N-channel MOSFET, a voltage output end of the battery unit is connected to an anode of a diode D9 and a drain of the MOS tube Q9, a cathode of the diode D9 is connected to a cathode of a diode D10, an anode of the diode D10 is connected to the other end of the resistor R41, the diode D10 is a Zener diode with a model number of MMSZ5264BT1G, a source of the MOS tube Q9 is grounded in series with a resistor R48, and a current monitoring branch is led out at the source of the MOS tube Q9 and connected to the discharge short circuit monitoring module.
[0010] Further, in the discharge short circuit monitoring module, the source of the MOS tube Q9 is connected to one end of a resistor R52, one end of a capacitor C30 and a non-inverting input of an integrated operational amplifier chip U14.1 in series with a resistor R51, the other ends of the resistor R52 and the capacitor C30 are grounded, an output of the integrated operational amplifier chip U14.1 is connected to the main control module and one end of a resistor R50, the other end of the resistor R50 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply; a non-inverting input of the integrated operational amplifier chip U14.1 is connected to a non-inverting input of an integrated operational amplifier chip U14.2, the 3.3V DC power supply is connected to one end of a resistor R54 and the non-inverting input of the integrated operational amplifier chip U14.2 in series with a resistor R53, and the other end of the resistor R54 and a non-inverting input of the integrated operational amplifier chip U14.2 are grounded.
[0011] Further, in the discharge current monitoring module, the source of MOS tube Q9 is connected to one end of resistor R44-R45, one end of capacitor C29 and the same direction input end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1 after being connected with resistor R49 in series; the other end of resistor R44 is connected to 3.3V DC power supply, the other end of resistor R45 and the other end of capacitor C29 are connected to ground; the reverse input end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1 is connected to one end of resistor R38, one end of resistor R42 and one end of capacitor C27, the other end of resistor R38 is connected to ground, the other end of resistor R42 and the other end of capacitor C27 are connected to the output end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1; the output end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1 is connected to the main control module and one end of capacitor C28 after being connected with resistor R46 in series, the other end of capacitor C28 is connected to ground.
[0012] Further, in the charging switch control module, the output end of main control module is connected to the base of triode Q4 after being connected with resistor R14 in series, the emitter of triode Q4 is connected to 3.3V DC power supply, the collector of triode Q4 is connected to the anode of diode D6, diode D6 is high-speed diode U4 with model number MMDL914T1G, the cathode of diode D6 is connected to one end of resistor R21-R22 and the base of triode Q6, the collector of triode Q6 is connected to one end of resistor R15, one end of resistor R17-R18 and the cathode of voltage stabilizing diode with model number BZT52C12, the other end of resistor R15 is connected to the output power supply of solar panel; the anode of voltage stabilizing diode U4 is connected to ground, the other end of resistor R17 is connected to the gate of MOS tube Q5 with model number CRST041N08N, MOS tube Q5 is N-channel MOSFET; the source of MOS tube Q5 is connected to ground;
[0013] The output end of main control module is connected to one end of resistor R24 and the base of triode Q8 after being connected with diode D7 and resistor R27 in series, the other end of resistor R24 is connected to ground, the collector of triode Q8 is connected to one end of resistor R25-R26, R28, the other end of resistor R25 is connected to 12V DC power supply, the other end of resistor R26 is connected to the gate of MOS tube Q7 with model number CRST041N08N, MOS tube Q7 is N-channel MOSFET; the drain of MOS tube Q7 is connected to the drain of MOS tube Q5; the source of MOS tube Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R32 and the other end of resistor R28, and a current monitoring branch is led out and connected to the charging current monitoring module.
[0014] Further, in the charging current monitoring module, the source of the MOS tube Q7 is connected to the reverse input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2 in series with the resistor R30; the reverse input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2 is connected to one end of the resistor R29 and one end of the capacitor C23, and the other end of the resistor R29 and the other end of the capacitor C23 are connected to the output end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2; the output end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2 is connected to the main control module and one end of the capacitor C24 in series with the resistor R31, and the other end of the capacitor C24 is grounded;
[0015] The noninverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2 is connected to one end of the capacitor C25 and one end of the resistors R33-R35, the other ends of the resistors R34-R35 are grounded, and the other end of the resistor R33 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
[0017] In the PWM solar controller of the application, NMOS is used to realize the selection of the switch tube in the control switch charging module and the discharge switch control module, the driving circuit is simple, no additional boost circuit or special MOS driving IC is needed, and cost is saved.
[0018] In the PWM solar controller of the application, the controller power supply structure photovoltaic end, battery end and load end adopt a common positive electrode, and a power supply architecture of a control negative electrode switch, which can effectively reduce the selection cost and driving circuit cost of the NMOS switch. The 20A power charging and discharging can be realized. The communication protocol between the 4G communication module and the main station is flexible, which can be connected by TCP or MQTT. There is no separate connection of 4G module and controller wiring and other cumbersome operation steps, and the antenna only needs to be plugged in to work normally. The communication data card adopts the scheme of built-in patch SIM card, which does not have the trouble of poor contact affecting communication after a long time of traditional DTU external card.
[0019] The main control unit adopts MCU, the communication module selects a 4G communication module of CAT1 type, the ADC collection part of the MCU controller is connected with a battery unit, a solar panel unit, a charging current monitoring module and a discharging current monitoring module, the GPIO of the MCU controller is connected with a discharging short circuit monitoring module, a load switch control module and a charging switch control module. The battery unit and the solar panel unit are respectively connected with a battery and a photovoltaic solar panel, the output ends of the battery and the photovoltaic solar panel are connected with a 5V voltage stabilizing circuit, the 5V voltage stabilizing circuit generates 3.3V, 12V and 3.8V voltage stabilizing power sources through other power supply modules, 3.3V is connected with the MCU controller, 12V is connected with the control circuit of the charging and discharging switch, 3.8V is connected with the 4G communication module, and the 4G communication module communicates with the MCU controller through UART connection.
[0020] In the PWM solar controller of the application, through the 4G communication technology and the TCP connection of the main station background, data communication with the applet end can be realized, the discharge switch and the battery mode of the solar controller can be remotely controlled, the running data can be viewed in real time, and meanwhile, the utility model supports LBS base station positioning, and the geographic position of the controller running can be viewed on the applet end or the main station end. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 It is a PWM solar controller principle block diagram.
[0022] Figures 2~3 It is a main control module circuit principle diagram.
[0023] Figure 4 It is a discharge switch control module circuit principle diagram.
[0024] Figure 5 It is a discharge short circuit monitoring module circuit principle diagram.
[0025] Figure 6 It is a discharge current monitoring module circuit principle diagram.
[0026] Figure 7 It is a charging current monitoring module circuit principle diagram.
[0027] Figure 8 It is a charging switch control module circuit principle diagram.
[0028] Figures 9~15 It is a 4G communication module circuit principle diagram.
[0029] Figure 16 It is a temperature monitoring module circuit principle diagram.
[0030] Figure 17 It is a storage battery unit circuit principle diagram.
[0031] Figure 18 It is a solar cell unit circuit principle diagram.
[0032] Figure 19 It is a key module circuit principle diagram.
[0033] Figure 20 It is an indicating lamp module circuit principle diagram.
[0034] Figures 21~22 It is a display module circuit principle diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] Figures 1~22 It is the best embodiment of the utility model, and the following will be combined with the attached Figures 1~22 The utility model is further explained.
[0036] Clearly, the described embodiments are merely a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments, and based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.
[0037] As shown in the figure, Figure 1 A PWM solar controller, comprising a main control module, an indicating lamp module, a display module and a 4G communication module are connected to the signal output end of the main control module, the power output end of the battery reaction and the solar panel unit is connected to the main control module, and the output voltage thereof is monitored by the main control module. A key module and a temperature monitoring module are also connected to the signal input end of the main control module.
[0038] A charging switch control module and a discharging switch control module are connected to the signal output end of the main control module, the output end of the charging switch control module and the output end of the discharging switch control module are respectively connected to the battery unit, and the output end of the charging switch control module is also connected to the solar panel unit. A charging current monitoring module is also connected to the charging switch control module, the output end of the charging current monitoring module is connected to the input end of the main control module, a discharge short circuit monitoring module and a discharge current monitoring module are connected to the output end of the discharging switch control module, and the output end of the discharge short circuit monitoring module and the discharge current monitoring module is connected to the main control module.
[0039] As shown in the figure, Figure 2 The main control module comprises a chip U8 with a model of GD32E230C8T6, the 1st pin, 9th pin, 24th pin and 48th pin of the chip U8 are connected to a 3.3V direct current power supply, the 8th pin, 23rd pin and 47th pin of the chip U8 are grounded. The 2nd pin~7th pin, 18th pin, 21st pin~22nd pin, 25th pin, 30th pin~31st pin and 44th pin of the chip U8 are left floating.
[0040] The 10th pin~11th pin of the chip U8 are respectively connected to the battery unit and the solar panel unit, the 12th pin~13th pin of the chip U8 are serial debugging interfaces, the 14th pin is connected to the charging current monitoring module, the 15th pin is connected to the discharge current monitoring module, the 16th pin is connected to the temperature monitoring module, and the 17th pin is connected to the reference voltage circuit as shown in the figure. Figure 3
[0041] As shown in the figure, Figure 3 As shown, the 3.3V DC power supply is connected in series with resistor R90 and then connected to pins 1 and 2 of Zener diode U9 (model TL431AIDBZR), one end of capacitor C60-61, pin 3 of Zener diode U9, and the other end of capacitor C60-61 is grounded. The reference voltage output from pin 1 of Zener diode U9 is connected to pin 17 of chip U8.
[0042] Pin 19 of chip U8 is connected to the discharge short-circuit monitoring module, and pin 20 is connected to the discharge switch control module. Pins 26, 36, and 41-42 of chip U8 are connected to the indicator light module, and pins 27-28 and 30-31 of chip U8 are connected to the 4G communication module. Series resistor R103, series resistor R102, and series resistor R101 of chip U8 are connected to the display module. Pins 34 and 37 of chip U8 are connected to the clock signal. Pins 38-40 and pin 43 of chip U8 are connected to the button module, and pin 45 is connected to...
[0043] like Figure 4 The discharge switch control module shown has pin 20 of chip U8 connected in series with resistor R47 to the base of transistor Q11. The emitter of transistor Q11 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q11 is connected to one end of resistor R39 and the base of transistor Q10. The emitter of transistor Q10 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q10 is connected to one end of resistors R40 and R43. The other ends of resistors R39-R40 are connected to a 12V DC power supply. The other end of resistor R43 is connected to one end of resistor R41 and the gate of MOSFET Q9 (model CRST041N08N). MOSFET Q9 is an N-channel MOSFET. The voltage output terminal of the battery unit is connected to the anode of diode D9 and the drain of MOSFET Q9. The cathode of diode D9 is connected to the cathode of diode D10. The anode of diode D10 is connected to the other end of resistor R41. Diode D10 is a Zener diode (model MMSZ5264BT1G).
[0044] The source series resistor R48 of MOSFET Q9 is grounded, and a current monitoring branch is led out from the source of MOSFET Q9 and connected to the discharge short circuit monitoring module.
[0045] In such Figure 5 In the discharge short-circuit monitoring module shown, the source of MOSFET Q9 is connected in series with resistor R51, and then connected to one end of resistor R52, one end of capacitor C30, and the non-inverting input of integrated operational amplifier chip U14.1. The other ends of resistor R52 and capacitor C30 are grounded. The output of integrated operational amplifier chip U14.1 is connected to pin 19 of chip U8 and one end of resistor R50, and the other end of resistor R50 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply. The inverting input of integrated operational amplifier chip U14.1 is connected to the inverting input of integrated operational amplifier chip U14.2.
[0046] 3.3V DC power supply is connected to one end of the resistance R53 and the reverse input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U14.2 in series with the resistance R54, the same phase input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U14.2 and the other end of the resistance R54 are grounded.
[0047] In the discharge current monitoring module as shown in Figure 6 , the source of the MOS tube Q9 is connected to one end of the resistances R44-R45 and one end of the capacitor C29 in series with the resistance R49, and the same direction input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1. The other end of the resistance R44 is connected to the 3.3V DC power supply, the other end of the resistance R45 and the other end of the capacitor C29 are grounded. The reverse input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1 is connected to one end of the resistance R38, one end of the resistance R42 and one end of the capacitor C27, the other end of the resistance R38 is grounded, and the other end of the resistance R42 and the other end of the capacitor C27 are connected to the output end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1. The output end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1 is connected to pin 15 of the chip U8 and one end of the capacitor C28 in series with the resistance R46, and the other end of the capacitor C28 is grounded.
[0048] In the charging switch control module as shown in Figure 8 , pin 46 of the chip U8 is connected to the base of the transistor Q4 in series with the resistance R14, the emitter of the transistor Q4 is connected to the 3.3V DC power supply, the collector of the transistor Q4 is connected to the anode of the diode D6, the diode D6 is a high-speed diode U4 with model number MMDL914T1G, the cathode of the diode D6 is connected to one end of the resistances R21-R22 and the base of the transistor Q6, the collector of the transistor Q6 is connected to one end of the resistance R15, one end of the resistances R17-R18 and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode with model number BZT52C12, the other end of the resistance R15 is connected to the output power supply of the solar panel. The anode of the voltage stabilizing diode U4 is grounded, the other end of the resistance R17 is connected to the gate of the MOS tube Q5 with model number CRST041N08N, the MOS tube Q5 is an N-channel MOSFET. The source of the MOS tube Q5 is grounded.
[0049] The 45-pin series diode D7 of the chip U8 and the one end of the resistance R24 connected behind the resistance R27, and the base of the transistor Q8, the other end of the resistance R24 is grounded, the collector of the transistor Q8 is connected with the one end of the resistances R25-R26, R28, the other end of the resistance R25 is connected with the 12V DC power supply, the other end of the resistance R26 is connected with the gate of the MOS Q7 with the model CRST041N08N, the MOS Q7 is N-channel MOSFET. The drain of the MOS Q7 is connected with the drain of the MOS Q5. The source of the MOS Q7 is connected with the one end of the resistance R32 and the other end of the resistance R28, and the current monitoring branch is led out and connected with the charging current monitoring module.
[0050] As shown in Figure 7 , the source of the MOS Q7 is connected with the one end of the resistance R30 and the reverse input of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2. The reverse input of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2 is connected with the one end of the resistance R29 and the one end of the capacitor C23, and the other end of the resistance R29 and the other end of the capacitor C23 are connected with the output of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2. The output of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2 is connected with the 14-pin of the chip U8 and the one end of the capacitor C24 after being connected with the resistance R31 in series, and the other end of the capacitor C24 is grounded.
[0051] The non-inverting input of the integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2 is connected with the one end of the capacitor C25 and the one end of the resistances R33-R35, and the other end of the resistances R34-R35 is grounded, and the other end of the resistance R33 is connected with the 3.3V DC power supply.
[0052] As shown in Figure 9 , the 4G communication module includes the chip U7 with the model ML307A-DCLN, and the 1-pin, 10-pin, 27-pin, 34-pin, 36-37-pin, 10-41-pin, 45-48-pin, 70-73-pin, 88-94-pin of the chip U7 are grounded. The 24-pin of the chip U7 is connected with the 1.8V DC power supply, the 42-43-pin is connected with the 3.8V DC power supply, the 17-18-pin, 7-pin, 15-16-pin and 25-pin is connected with the chip U8, and the 11-14-pin is connected with the SIM circuit as shown in Figure 14 , the 35-pin is connected with the antenna circuit as shown in Figure 15 , and the remaining pins are left floating. Specifically:
[0053] As shown in Figure 10 , the 27-pin of the chip U8 is connected with the one end of the resistance R81 and the base of the transistor Q16 after being connected with the resistance R80 in series, the emitter of the transistor Q16 and the other end of the resistance R81 are grounded, and the collector of the transistor Q16 is connected with the 7-pin of the chip U7. The 28-pin of the chip U8 is connected with the 15-pin of the chip U7 by using the same circuit structure as Figure 10 , and the specific details are not repeated here.
[0054] As shown in Figure 11 Fig. 3, the 3.8V DC power source is connected to one end of the resistor R66 in series, and then to the collector of the transistor Q12, the base of the transistor Q12 is connected to one end of the resistor R70 and the resistor R68 in series, the other end of the resistor R70 and the emitter of the transistor Q12 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R68 is connected to the 25th pin of the chip U7. The 16th pin of the chip U7 adopts the same circuit structure as Figure 11 that shown in Fig. 1, and details are not repeated here.
[0055] As shown in Figure 12 Fig. 4, the 1.8V DC power source is connected to one end of the resistor R72 in series, and then to one end of the transistor Q14 and the 17th pin of the chip U7, the emitter of the transistor Q14 is connected to the 30th pin of the chip U8, the base of the transistor Q14 is connected to one end of the capacitor C43 and the resistor R74 in series, the other end of the capacitor C43 and the resistor R74 is connected to the 1.8V DC power source.
[0056] As shown in Figure 13 Fig. 5, the 3.3V DC power source is connected to one end of the resistor R73 in series, and then to one end of the transistor Q15 and the 31st pin of the chip U8, the emitter of the transistor Q15 is connected to the 18th pin of the chip U7, the base of the transistor Q15 is connected to one end of the capacitor C44 and the resistor R75 in series, the other end of the capacitor C44 and the resistor R75 is connected to the 1.8V DC power source.
[0057] As shown in Figure 14 Fig. 6, the 11th pin of the chip U7 is connected to one end of the resistor R79 in series, and then to the capacitor C48 and the 3rd pin of the SIM card holder U18 in series, the 12th pin of the chip U7 is connected to one end of the resistor R78 in series, and then to the capacitor C49 and the 7th pin of the SIM card holder U18 in series, the 13th pin of the chip U7 is connected to one end of the resistor R77 in series, and then to the capacitor C47 and the 6th pin of the SIM card holder U18 in series, the capacitors C47-C49 are grounded.
[0058] The 14th pin of the chip U7 is connected to one end of the resistor R82 and one end of the capacitors C45-C46 in series, the other end of the resistor R82 is connected to the 11th pin of the chip U7, the other end of the capacitors C45-C46 is grounded, the 1st pin and the 9th pin of the card holder U18 are grounded.
[0059] As shown in Figure 15 Fig. 7, the 35th pin of the chip U7 is connected to one end of the inductor L4 and one end of the capacitor C50, the other end of the inductor L4 is connected to one end of the capacitor C51, one end of the suppressor D15 with the model number of PESD0542U005, and the 5th pin of the antenna RF1, the other end of the capacitors C50-C51, the suppressor D15, and the 1st-4th pins of the antenna RF1 are grounded.
[0060] Through the 4G communication module, data communication with the applet end can be passed through, the discharge switch and the battery mode of the solar controller can be remotely controlled, and the running data can be viewed in real time, and meanwhile, the utility model supports LBS base station positioning, and the geographic position of the controller running can be viewed on the applet end or the main station end.
[0061] As shown in Figure 16 , the 3.3V DC power supply is connected to the 16th pin of the chip U8, one end of the capacitor C62 and one end of the thermistor R94 with the model number of SDNT1608X103F3950FTF after connecting the resistor R93, and the other end of the thermistor R94 and the capacitor C62 is grounded.
[0062] As shown in Figure 17 , the power output end of the storage battery is connected to the resistor R12, one end of the capacitor C20 and the 10th pin of the chip U8 after connecting the resistor R11, and the other end of the resistor R12 and the capacitor C20 is grounded.
[0063] As shown in Figure 18 , the output negative pole of the solar panel is connected to the reverse input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U11.1 after connecting the resistor R16, and the resistor R13 is connected between the same direction input end and the output end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U11.1. One end of the capacitor C22 and the 11th pin of the chip U8 are connected to the output end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U11.1 after connecting the resistor R20. The output positive pole of the solar panel is connected to the same direction input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U11.1 and one end of the resistor R23 after connecting the resistor R19, and the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C22.
[0064] As shown in Figure 19 , the 38th pin of the chip U8 is connected to one end of the resistor R57, one end of the capacitor C32 and one end of the switch SW1 after connecting the resistor R59, and the other end of the switch SW1 and the other end of the capacitor C32 are grounded. The 39th-40th pins and the 43rd pin of the chip U8 are respectively connected to the same circuit as shown in Figure 19 , and details are not repeated here.
[0065] As shown in Figure 20 , the 3.3V DC power supply is connected to the 42nd pin of the chip U8 after connecting the resistor R97 and the light emitting diode LED, and the same circuit is respectively connected at the 26th pin, the 36th pin and the 41st pin of the chip U8, and details are not repeated here.
[0066] As shown in Figures 21~22As shown, the display module includes a chip U6 of model HT1621, the 1-8 pins of the chip U6 are connected to the 3-10 pins of the digital tube U5 in sequence, the 47-48 pins of the chip U6 are connected to the 1-2 pins of the digital tube U5 in sequence. The 11 pin of the chip U6 is connected to the 33 pin of the chip U8 through the above-mentioned resistance R102, the 12 pin of the chip U6 is connected to the 32 pin of the chip U8 through the above-mentioned resistance R103, and the 9 pin of the chip U6 is connected to the 35 pin of the chip U8 through the above-mentioned resistance R101.
[0067] The chip U16 is connected to the 3.3V DC power supply in series with the resistance R61, the 17 pin of the chip U16 is connected to the 3.3V DC power supply and one end of the capacitor C34 at the same time, the other end of the capacitor C34 is grounded, and the 21-24 pins of the chip U6 are connected to the 14-11 pins of the digital tube U5 respectively.
[0068] In the PWM solar controller of the present application, a power module is further arranged for Figure 1 The principle block diagram shown in the figure is powered, and the power module specifically includes: 8V-80V DC power supply (solar panel output voltage) converted to 5V DC power supply based on the chip of model XL7056E1; 5V DC power supply converted to 3.8V DC power supply based on the chip of model MT2492; 5V DC power supply converted to 12V DC power supply based on the chip of model MT3608; and 5V DC power supply converted to 3.3V DC power supply based on the chip of model MT2492, and 1.8V DC power supply can be further obtained through the above-mentioned DC power supply, and the above-mentioned voltage conversion scheme based on each chip belongs to the common knowledge and conventional means in the art, and will not be described in detail.
[0069] As can be seen from the above, in the PWM solar controller of the present application, the controller power supply structure photovoltaic end, battery end and load end adopt common positive electrode, and the power supply architecture of the control negative electrode switch can effectively reduce the selection cost and driving circuit cost of the NMOS switch.
[0070] And the switch tube of control charging and discharging is realized by NMOS, the driving circuit is simple, no additional boost circuit or special MOS driving IC is needed, the cost is saved, and 20A power charging and discharging can be realized. The main control unit adopts MCU (chip U8), the communication module selects the 4G communication module of CAT1 type, the ADC collection part of the MCU controller is connected with the battery unit, the solar panel unit, the charging current monitoring module and the discharging current monitoring module, the GPIO of the MCU controller is connected with the discharging short circuit monitoring module, the load switch control module and the charging switch control module. The battery unit and the solar panel unit are respectively connected with the battery and the photovoltaic solar panel, the output ends of the battery and the photovoltaic solar panel are connected with the 5V voltage stabilizing circuit, the 5V voltage stabilizing circuit generates 3.3V, 12V and 3.8V voltage stabilizing power sources through other power modules, 3.3V is connected with the MCU controller, 12V is connected with the control circuit of the charging and discharging switch, 3.8V is connected with the 4G communication module, and the 4G communication module communicates with the MCU controller through UART.
[0071] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art who are familiar with the basic inventive concept can make further changes and modifications to the embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.
[0072] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A PWM solar controller, comprising a main control module, a battery unit, and a solar panel unit respectively connected to the main control module, characterized in that: The output end of the master control module is connected with a charging switch control module and a discharging switch control module, the output end of the charging switch control module is connected with a battery unit and a solar panel unit respectively, the output end of the battery unit is connected with the discharging switch control module, the output end of the charging switch control module is also connected with a charging parameter monitoring module, the output end of the discharging switch control module is also connected with a discharging parameter monitoring module, the charging parameter monitoring module and the discharging parameter monitoring module are connected with the master control unit respectively, and NMOS switch tubes are arranged in the discharging switch control module and the charging switch control module.
2. The PWM solar controller of claim 1, wherein: The charging parameter monitoring module comprises a charging current monitoring module for monitoring a charging current, and the output end of the charging current monitoring module is connected with the master control module.
3. The PWM solar controller of claim 1, wherein: The discharging parameter monitoring module comprises a discharging current monitoring module for monitoring a discharging current and a discharging short circuit monitoring module, and the output ends of the discharging current monitoring module and the discharging short circuit monitoring module are connected with the master control module.
4. The PWM solar controller of claim 1, wherein: The input end of the master control module is also connected with a key module and a temperature monitoring module.
5. The PWM solar controller of claim 1, wherein: The output end of the master control module is also connected with an indicator lamp module, a display module and a 4G communication module.
6. The PWM solar controller of claim 3, wherein: In the discharging switch control module, the output end of the master control module is connected with the base of a triode Q11 in series with a resistor R47, the emitter of the triode Q11 is grounded, the collector of the triode Q11 is connected with one end of a resistor R39 and the base of a triode Q10, the emitter of the triode Q10 is grounded, the collector of the triode Q10 is connected with a resistor R40 and one end of a resistor R43, the other ends of the resistors R39-R40 are connected with a 12V DC power supply, the other end of the resistor R43 is connected with one end of a resistor R41 and the gate of a MOS tube Q9 with a model number of CRST041N08N, the MOS tube Q9 is an N-channel MOSFET, the voltage output end of the battery unit is connected with the anode of a diode D9 and the drain of the MOS tube Q9, the cathode of the diode D9 is connected with the cathode of a diode D10, the anode of the diode D10 is connected with the other end of the resistor R41, the diode D10 is a Zener diode with a model number of MMSZ5264BT1G, the source of the MOS tube Q9 is grounded in series with a resistor R48, a current monitoring branch is led out at the source of the MOS tube Q9 and connected with the discharging short circuit monitoring module.
7. The PWM solar controller of claim 6, wherein: In the discharging short circuit monitoring module, the source of the MOS tube Q9 is connected with one end of a resistor R51, one end of a capacitor C30 and the non-inverting input end of an integrated operational amplifier chip U14.1 in series, the other ends of the resistor R51 and the capacitor C30 are grounded, the output end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U14.1 is connected with the master control module and one end of a resistor R50, the other end of the resistor R50 is connected with a 3.3V DC power supply, the non-inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U14.1 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an integrated operational amplifier chip U14.2, the 3.3V DC power supply is connected with one end of a resistor R54 and the non-inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U14.2 in series with a resistor R53, the other end of the resistor R54 and the inverting input end of the integrated operational amplifier chip U14.2 are grounded.
8. The PWM solar controller of claim 6, wherein: In the discharge current monitoring module, the source of MOS tube Q9 is connected to one end of resistor R44-R45, one end of capacitor C29 and the same direction input end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1 after being connected to resistor R49 in series; the other end of resistor R44 is connected to 3.3V DC power supply, the other end of resistor R45 and the other end of capacitor C29 are connected to ground; the reverse input end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1 is connected to one end of resistor R38, one end of resistor R42 and one end of capacitor C27; the other end of resistor R38 is connected to ground, the other end of resistor R42 and the other end of capacitor C27 are connected to the output end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1; the output end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.1 is connected to the main control module and one end of capacitor C28 after being connected to resistor R46 in series, and the other end of capacitor C28 is connected to ground.
9. The PWM solar controller of claim 2, wherein: In the charging switch control module, the output end of the main control module is connected to the base of triode Q4 after being connected to resistor R14 in series; the emitter of triode Q4 is connected to 3.3V DC power supply; the collector of triode Q4 is connected to the anode of diode D6; diode D6 is high-speed diode U4 with model number MMDL914T1G; the cathode of diode D6 is connected to one end of resistor R21-R22 and the base of triode Q6; the collector of triode Q6 is connected to one end of resistor R15, one end of resistor R17-R18 and the cathode of voltage stabilizing diode U4 with model number BZT52C12; the other end of resistor R15 is connected to the output power supply of solar panel; the anode of voltage stabilizing diode U4 is connected to ground; the other end of resistor R17 is connected to the gate of MOS tube Q5 with model number CRST041N08N; MOS tube Q5 is N-channel MOSFET; the source of MOS tube Q5 is connected to ground; The output end of the main control module is connected to one end of resistor R24 and the base of triode Q8 after being connected to diode D7 and resistor R27 in series; the other end of resistor R24 is connected to ground; the collector of triode Q8 is connected to one end of resistor R25-R26 and R28; the other end of resistor R25 is connected to 12V DC power supply; the other end of resistor R26 is connected to the gate of MOS tube Q7 with model number CRST041N08N; MOS tube Q7 is N-channel MOSFET; the drain of MOS tube Q7 is connected to the drain of MOS tube Q5; the source of MOS tube Q7 is connected to one end of resistor R32 and the other end of resistor R28, and a current monitoring branch is led out and connected to the charging current monitoring module.
10. The PWM solar controller of claim 9, wherein: In the charging current monitoring module, the source of MOS tube Q7 is connected to the reverse input end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2 after being connected to resistor R30 in series; the reverse input end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2 is connected to one end of resistor R29 and one end of capacitor C23; the other end of resistor R29 and the other end of capacitor C23 are connected to the output end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2; the output end of integrated operational amplifier chip U12.2 is connected to the main control module and one end of capacitor C24 after being connected to resistor R31 in series, and the other end of capacitor C24 is connected to ground; One end of the capacitor C25, one end of the resistor R33~R35, the other end of the resistor R34~R35 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R33 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply.