Solar inverter

Abstract

According to the solar inverter provided by the invention, through the first cabinet door and the second cabinet door which are oppositely arranged, and the first placement plate and the second placement plate which are arranged in a layered manner, the solar inverter can be more directly contacted with target equipment when the solar inverter is overhauled; when the first cabinet door is opened, the inverter on the second placing plate can be directly exposed; when the second cabinet door is opened, the electrical equipment on the first placing plate can be directly operated, and other parts do not need to be disassembled; the first cabinet door or the second cabinet door is selected to be opened according to needs, so that operation spaces on the two sides are independent, and crowding and mistaken touch risks caused by traditional single-side door opening are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of inverters, and more particularly to a solar inverter. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of photovoltaic technology, solar inverters, as the core equipment of photovoltaic systems, have become the industry mainstream due to their integrated and high power density design. Traditional inverters typically adopt a closed cabinet structure, integrating inverter circuits, MPPT controllers, heat dissipation modules, and electrical protection devices to meet the requirements of high protection levels (such as IP65) and adaptability to complex environments. To improve space utilization, most products adopt a multi-layer vertical layout, installing inverter modules and supporting electrical equipment (such as circuit breakers and communication units) on separate layers. However, while this integrated design increases power density, it also leads to a compact arrangement of internal components, limited heat dissipation channels, and a significant increase in the difficulty of later maintenance.

[0003] Currently, mainstream solar inverters present significant inconveniences during maintenance: Firstly, most cabinets adopt a single-side door design, requiring maintenance personnel to disconnect the entire system before opening a single door for operation. The narrow working space can easily lead to the risk of accidentally touching other components or cables. Secondly, although some products adopt a layered layout, the access ports are still concentrated on the same side. When disassembling the upper-level equipment, the lower-level electrical modules must be removed first, which is a cumbersome and time-consuming process.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to provide a solar inverter that is easy to maintain. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a solar inverter that is easy to maintain in order to solve the above problems.

[0006] An embodiment of this application provides a solar inverter, including a cabinet and an inverter and electrical equipment disposed within the cabinet, the cabinet comprising:

[0007] First cabinet door;

[0008] The second cabinet door is positioned opposite the first cabinet door;

[0009] The mounting bracket is located inside the cabinet and is sandwiched between the first cabinet door and the second cabinet door. The mounting bracket includes a first placement plate and a second placement plate arranged sequentially along the height direction. Electrical equipment is placed on the first placement plate and an inverter is placed on the second placement plate.

[0010] In the horizontal direction, the bottom end of the second cabinet door is parallel to the first placement plate, and the bottom end of the first cabinet door is parallel to the second placement plate.

[0011] In at least one embodiment of this application, the first cabinet door and the second cabinet door have the same structure;

[0012] The first cabinet door has a door frame and a door panel embedded in the door frame. In the horizontal direction, one end of the door frame is rotatably connected to the cabinet body.

[0013] In at least one embodiment of this application, the first cabinet door has a switch assembly, which is located on the side of the door panel near the door frame to open and close the door frame and the cabinet body.

[0014] In at least one embodiment of this application, the switch assembly includes a lock face, a locking component, and a handle. The lock face is fitted onto the door panel, the locking component is connected to the handle, and both the locking component and the handle are located on the side of the door panel away from the lock face, and both the locking component and the handle are facing the interior of the cabinet.

[0015] In at least one embodiment of this application, the door panel is made of a transparent material.

[0016] In at least one embodiment of this application, the mounting bracket includes a first bracket, which is disposed at the bottom of the cabinet;

[0017] The first bracket includes a first frame, a first support frame, and a second support frame. In the horizontal direction, the first frame is arranged parallel to the first cabinet door, the second placement plate is disposed on the first frame, and the first support frame and the second support frame are disposed opposite to each other on the first frame.

[0018] In at least one embodiment of this application, the mounting bracket includes a second bracket, which is disposed on the first bracket;

[0019] The second bracket includes a second frame, a third support frame, and a fourth support frame. The first placement plate is disposed on the second frame. The third support frame and the fourth support frame are disposed opposite each other, with one end of the third support frame and the fourth support frame disposed on the first frame and the other end disposed on the second frame.

[0020] In at least one embodiment of this application, the cabinet further includes a moving mechanism, which is located at the bottom of the cabinet;

[0021] The moving mechanism includes a first roller group and a second roller group. The first roller group is located on the bottom of the cabinet near the first cabinet door, and the second roller group is located on the bottom of the cabinet near the second cabinet door.

[0022] In at least one embodiment of this application, the first roller group is a swivel wheel group, and the second roller group is a directional wheel group.

[0023] In at least one embodiment of this application, the cabinet further includes a first cabinet wall and a second cabinet wall disposed opposite to the first cabinet wall, wherein the first cabinet wall and the second cabinet wall are sandwiched between the first cabinet door and the second cabinet door;

[0024] The first cabinet wall has a first heat dissipation component, the second cabinet wall has a second heat dissipation component, the first heat dissipation component and the second heat dissipation component are arranged opposite to each other, and the inverter is sandwiched between the first heat dissipation component and the second heat dissipation component.

[0025] The aforementioned solar inverter, through its relatively arranged first and second cabinet doors and layered first and second placement plates, allows for more direct access to the target equipment during maintenance. When the first cabinet door is opened, the inverter on the second placement plate is directly exposed; when the second cabinet door is opened, the electrical equipment on the first placement plate can be operated directly without disassembling other components. By selecting to open either the first or second cabinet door as needed, independent working spaces on both sides are achieved, avoiding the crowding and accidental contact risks caused by traditional single-side door opening. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a solar inverter according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first support and the second support.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the switch assembly.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the first cabinet wall and the first heat dissipation component.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the second cabinet wall and the second heat dissipation component.

[0031] Explanation of main component symbols

[0032] 100. A solar inverter; 10. Cabinet; 20. Inverter; 30. Electrical equipment; 11. First cabinet door; 12. Second cabinet door; 13. Mounting bracket; 131. First placement plate; 132. Second placement plate; 111. Door frame; 112. Door panel; 113. Switch assembly; 1131. Lock face; 1132. Locking assembly; 1133. Handle; 133. First bracket; 1331. First enclosure; 1332. First support frame; 1333. Second support frame; 134. Second bracket; 1341. Second enclosure; 1342. Third support frame; 1343. Fourth support frame; 14. Moving mechanism; 141. First roller group; 142. Second roller group; 15. First cabinet wall; 16. Second cabinet wall; 151. First heat dissipation assembly; 161. Second heat dissipation assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0034] It should be noted that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may also have an intervening component. When a component is considered to be "placed" on another component, it can be directly placed on the other component or may also have an intervening component. The terms "top," "bottom," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "back," and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only.

[0035] Embodiments of this application provide a solar inverter.

[0036] The aforementioned solar inverter, through its relatively arranged first and second cabinet doors and layered first and second placement plates, allows for more direct access to the target equipment during maintenance. When the first cabinet door is opened, the inverter on the second placement plate is directly exposed; when the second cabinet door is opened, the electrical equipment on the first placement plate can be operated directly without disassembling other components. By selecting to open either the first or second cabinet door as needed, independent working spaces on both sides are achieved, avoiding the crowding and accidental contact risks caused by traditional single-side door opening.

[0037] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0038] according to Figures 1-5This application provides a solar inverter 100, which includes a cabinet 10 and an inverter 20 and electrical equipment 30 disposed in the cabinet 10. The cabinet 10 includes a first cabinet door 11, a second cabinet door 12 and a mounting bracket 13.

[0039] The second cabinet door 12 is positioned opposite to the first cabinet door 11. A mounting bracket 13 is disposed within the cabinet body 10, sandwiched between the first cabinet door 11 and the second cabinet door 12. The mounting bracket 13 includes a first placement plate 131 and a second placement plate 132 arranged sequentially along the height direction. An electrical device 30 is disposed on the first placement plate 131, and an inverter 20 is disposed on the second placement plate 132. Horizontally, the bottom end of the second cabinet door 12 is parallel to the first placement plate 131, and the bottom end of the first cabinet door 11 is parallel to the second placement plate 132.

[0040] Specifically, the cabinet 10 features independently opening double doors on both sides, breaking the limitations of traditional single-sided opening doors. The first door 11 corresponds to the inverter 20, and the second door 12 corresponds to the electrical equipment 30, forming a bidirectional independent maintenance channel and providing maintenance personnel with more operating space. The first door 11 (for operating the inverter 20) or the second door 12 (for operating the circuit breaker or communication unit of the electrical equipment 30) can be opened as needed, avoiding the crowding and accidental contact risks caused by single-sided opening. Even when both doors are closed, the IP65 protection requirement is still met, making it suitable for outdoor dust and rain environments.

[0041] Furthermore, the design of the mounting bracket 13 allows for the orderly layered arrangement of the inverter 20 and electrical equipment 30, improving the space utilization within the cabinet 10 while ensuring the stability of the equipment. Separating the electrical equipment 30 from the inverter 20 avoids the blockage of heat dissipation channels caused by traditional stacking. The layered layout ensures that the inverter 20 and electrical equipment 30 are vertically independent, avoiding mutual interference and facilitating independent operation of individual devices by maintenance personnel.

[0042] Furthermore, the bottom of the cabinet door is set parallel to the placement plate, ensuring that the cabinet door will not interfere with the equipment on the placement plate when it is opened, and also ensuring that the electrical equipment 30 or inverter 20 can be smoothly slid off the placement plate and out of the cabinet 10 during maintenance.

[0043] In summary, when inverter 20 needs maintenance, maintenance personnel can open the first cabinet door 11 to enter the cabinet and check the operating status of inverter 20. If inverter 20 needs to be disassembled for inspection or replacement, maintenance personnel can first remove inverter 20 from the second mounting plate 132 and then perform maintenance. After completing the maintenance work, maintenance personnel can reinstall inverter 20 onto the second mounting plate 132 and close the second cabinet door 12. When electrical equipment 30 needs maintenance, maintenance personnel can open the second cabinet door 12 to enter the cabinet and inspect or maintain electrical equipment 30 on the first mounting plate 131.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, the first cabinet door 11 and the second cabinet door 12 have the same structure; wherein, the first cabinet door 11 has a door frame 111 and a door panel 112 embedded in the door frame 111, and one end of the door frame 111 is rotatably connected to the cabinet body 10 in the horizontal direction.

[0045] Specifically, the first cabinet door 11 and the second cabinet door 12 have the same structure, both equipped with a door frame 111 and a door panel 112, which are rotatably connected to the cabinet body 10. One end of the door frame 111 is connected to the cabinet body 10 via a hinge or other rotating connector, allowing the door panel 112 to rotate around this end, thus opening and closing the cabinet door. This connection method is simple and reliable, meeting the needs of frequent opening and closing of the cabinet door. The rotatable connection design makes opening and closing the cabinet door easy and convenient, improving the operational convenience for maintenance personnel. At the same time, this connection method also has a certain self-locking function, which can prevent the cabinet door from suddenly opening due to unexpected situations to a certain extent, enhancing safety. When the inverter 20 or electrical equipment 30 needs to be repaired, the maintenance personnel first approach the first cabinet door 11 or the second cabinet door 12 of the cabinet body 10, and then gently pull the first cabinet door 11 or the second cabinet door 12 outward. As the rotating connector at one end of the door frame 111 begins to rotate, the door frame 111 drives the door panel 112 to gradually move away from the opening of the cabinet 10 until it is fully open, exposing the internal inverter 20 or electrical equipment 30. Maintenance personnel enter the cabinet to inspect, disassemble, or replace the equipment that needs maintenance.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the first cabinet door 11 has a switch assembly 113, which is located on the side of the door panel 112 near the door frame 111 to open and close the door frame 111 and the cabinet body 10.

[0047] Specifically, the switch assembly 113 is a mechanical or electronic device installed on the door panel 112 of the first cabinet door 11, used to control the opening and closing action between the door frame 111 and the cabinet body 10. It typically includes components such as a latch, handle 1133, and hinges, which work together to enable the cabinet door to be opened and closed easily and safely.

[0048] In one specific embodiment, the switch assembly 113 includes a lock face 1131, a locking assembly 1132, and a handle 1133. The lock face 1131 is fitted onto the door panel 112, and the locking assembly 1132 is connected to the handle 1133. Both the locking assembly 1132 and the handle 1133 are located on the side of the door panel 112 away from the lock face 1131, and both the locking assembly 1132 and the handle 1133 are oriented towards the interior of the cabinet 10.

[0049] Specifically, the lock face 1131 is the side of the lock that displays the keyhole. It is fitted snugly onto the door panel 112, ensuring the lock's stability while clearly exposing the keyhole to the operator for easy insertion of a key or other unlocking tools. The locking assembly 1132 is a key component connecting the handle 1133 and the lock cylinder. It is responsible for transmitting force when the handle 1133 is operated, thereby driving the lock cylinder to lock or unlock. Positioning the locking assembly 1132 and the handle 1133 on the side of the door panel 112 opposite to the lock face 1131 (i.e., the inside of the door panel 112) ensures that they do not interfere with the normal function of the lock face 1131 during operation, while also making these components more concealed and secure. This improves the overall aesthetics and security of the cabinet door. The operator is not obstructed by the lock face 1131 when using the handle 1133 and the locking assembly 1132, and the concealment of these components also reduces the risk of malicious damage or accidental operation. By positioning the locking assembly 1132 and handle 1133 towards the interior of the cabinet 10, it is ensured that these components do not protrude from the exterior of the cabinet 10 when the cabinet door is closed, thus avoiding interference and collision with other external components of the cabinet 10. When the cabinet door needs to be opened, the operator first locates the lock face 1131 from the outside and inserts the key. Then, the operator turns the key, which drives the locking assembly 1132 to unlock via the lock cylinder.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, the door panel 112 is made of a transparent material.

[0051] Specifically, the transparent door panel 112 allows operators to quickly identify the operating status of the equipment inside the cabinet 10, reducing the number of times the cabinet door needs to be opened for inspection, thereby improving monitoring efficiency. While maintaining visibility of the equipment status, it avoids the safety risks that may arise from frequent cabinet door openings, such as electrical short circuits or misoperation. Operators can observe the operating status of the inverter 20 through the transparent door panel 112, including the flashing of indicator lights and the readings on the instrument panel, ensuring the equipment is operating normally. When the inverter 20 malfunctions or experiences an abnormality, the relevant indicator lights will illuminate or flash, allowing operators to promptly detect and take appropriate measures through the transparent door panel 112.

[0052] In one specific embodiment, the mounting bracket 13 includes a first bracket 133, which is disposed at the bottom of the cabinet 10; wherein, the first bracket 133 includes a first frame 1331, a first support frame 1332 and a second support frame 1333, the first frame 1331 is arranged parallel to the first cabinet door 11 in the horizontal direction, the second placement plate 132 is disposed on the first frame 1331, and the first support frame 1332 and the second support frame 1333 are disposed opposite to each other on the first frame 1331.

[0053] Specifically, the first bracket 133, as the foundation of the mounting frame 13, is responsible for stably supporting the inverter 20 cabinet 10 on the bottom inside the cabinet 10, ensuring the stability of the entire system. The first frame 1331, a rectangular support formed by four straight rods, is used to place the second mounting plate 132, which is used to place the inverter 20. The first support frame 1332 and the second support frame 1333 are welded to the first frame 1331, supporting the first frame 1331 horizontally inside the cabinet 10. The first frame 1331 is parallel to the first cabinet door 11, ensuring that the bottom frame of the first frame 1331 and the first cabinet door 11 are on the same horizontal plane, facilitating the installation and removal of the inverter 20 placed on the second mounting plate 132, and also aiding in heat dissipation and daily maintenance.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, the mounting bracket 13 includes a second support 134, which is disposed on the first support 133. The second support 134 includes a second frame 1341, a third support frame 1342, and a fourth support frame 1343. The first placement plate 131 is disposed on the second frame 1341. The third support frame 1342 and the fourth support frame 1343 are disposed opposite to each other, with one end of the third support frame 1342 and the fourth support frame 1343 disposed on the first frame 1331 and the other end disposed on the second frame 1341.

[0055] Specifically, the second bracket 134, as an extension of the mounting frame 13, is positioned above the first bracket 133 to add an additional support layer for placing electrical equipment 30, etc. By adding the second bracket 134, the overall load-bearing capacity and space utilization of the mounting frame 13 are improved, allowing for a more compact layout of the inverter 20 system, reducing the floor space occupied, and simultaneously increasing the system's integration and flexibility. The second enclosure 1341 has the same structure as the first enclosure 1331, both using a rectangular bracket formed by four straight rods to hold the first placement plate 131. The third support frame 1342 and the fourth support frame 1343 are welded to the second enclosure 1341, supporting the second enclosure 1341 horizontally placed on the first bracket 133. The second enclosure 1341 is parallel to the second cabinet door 12, ensuring that the bottom frame of the first enclosure 1331 and the first cabinet door 11 are on the same horizontal plane, facilitating the installation and removal of the inverter 20 electrical equipment 30 placed on the first placement plate 131, and also aiding in heat dissipation and daily maintenance.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, the cabinet 10 further includes a moving mechanism 14, which is located at the bottom of the cabinet 10. The moving mechanism 14 includes a first roller group 141 and a second roller group 142. The first roller group 141 is located at the bottom of the cabinet 10 near the first cabinet door 11, and the second roller group 142 is located at the bottom of the cabinet 10 near the second cabinet door 12.

[0057] Specifically, the moving mechanism 14, as part of the cabinet 10, provides convenient transportation and mobility, enabling the inverter 20 cabinet 10 to be easily moved between different locations. Positioning the moving mechanism 14 at the bottom of the cabinet 10 ensures the stability of the cabinet 10 during movement while avoiding interference with other parts of the cabinet 10. Two first roller sets 141 and two second roller sets 142 are respectively located on both sides of the bottom of the cabinet 10, jointly bearing the weight of the cabinet 10 and providing sufficient mobility. Through the coordinated action of the two sets of rollers, the cabinet 10 remains stable during movement, reducing wear or malfunctions caused by uneven force distribution on a single roller set. Furthermore, the design of the two roller sets also improves the load-bearing capacity and mobility of the cabinet 10.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, the first roller group 141 is a swivel wheel group, and the second roller group 142 is a directional wheel group.

[0059] Specifically, omnidirectional wheel sets (also known as swivel wheel sets or all-around wheel sets) can rotate freely in any direction, including forward, backward, left, right, and diagonal movement, which greatly improves the flexibility and maneuverability of equipment. Fixed wheel sets (also known as stationary wheel sets or straight-line wheel sets) can usually only roll in a specific direction (such as forward or backward) and are used to provide stable support and propulsion.

[0060] In one specific embodiment, the cabinet 10 further includes a first cabinet wall 15 and a second cabinet wall 16 disposed opposite to the first cabinet wall 15, the first cabinet wall 15 and the second cabinet wall 16 being sandwiched between the first cabinet door 11 and the second cabinet door 12; wherein, the first cabinet wall 15 has a first heat dissipation component 151, the second cabinet wall 16 has a second heat dissipation component 161, the first heat dissipation component 151 and the second heat dissipation component 161 are disposed opposite to each other, and the inverter 20 is sandwiched between the first heat dissipation component 151 and the second heat dissipation component 161.

[0061] Specifically, the first cabinet door 11, the second cabinet door 12, the first cabinet wall 15, and the second cabinet wall 16 together form the closed structure of the cabinet 10, providing support and protection for the cabinet 10. The first heat dissipation component 151 and the second heat dissipation component 161 are respectively installed on the first cabinet wall 15 and the second cabinet wall 16 to dissipate the heat generated by the inverter 20 during operation. The relatively arranged first heat dissipation component 151 and the second heat dissipation component 161 form an effective heat dissipation channel, accelerating heat transfer and dissipation and improving heat dissipation efficiency. The inverter 20, as the object of heat dissipation, is sandwiched between the first heat dissipation component 151 and the second heat dissipation component 161, and can directly transfer heat to the heat dissipation components.

[0062] Therefore, the solar inverter 100 provided above, through the relatively arranged first cabinet door 11 and second cabinet door 12, and the layered first placement plate 131 and second placement plate 132, allows for more direct access to the target equipment when inspecting the solar inverter 20; when the first cabinet door 11 is opened, the inverter 20 on the second placement plate 132 can be directly exposed; when the second cabinet door 12 is opened, the electrical equipment 30 on the first placement plate 131 can be directly operated without disassembling other parts; by selecting to open the first cabinet door 11 or the second cabinet door 12 as needed, independent working spaces on both sides can be achieved, avoiding the crowding and accidental contact risks caused by traditional single-side door opening.

[0063] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make improvements without departing from the inventive concept of this application, but these improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A solar inverter, comprising a cabinet and an inverter and electrical equipment disposed within the cabinet, characterized in that, The cabinet includes: First cabinet door; The second cabinet door is positioned opposite the first cabinet door; The mounting bracket is located inside the cabinet and is sandwiched between the first cabinet door and the second cabinet door. The mounting bracket includes a first placement plate and a second placement plate arranged sequentially along the height direction. Electrical equipment is placed on the first placement plate and an inverter is placed on the second placement plate. In the horizontal direction, the bottom end of the second cabinet door is parallel to the first placement plate, and the bottom end of the first cabinet door is parallel to the second placement plate.

2. A solar inverter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first cabinet door and the second cabinet door have the same structure; The first cabinet door has a door frame and a door panel embedded in the door frame. In the horizontal direction, one end of the door frame is rotatably connected to the cabinet body.

3. A solar inverter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first cabinet door has a switch assembly located on the side of the door panel near the door frame to open and close the door frame and the cabinet body.

4. A solar inverter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The switch assembly includes a lock face, a locking component, and a handle. The lock face is fitted onto the door panel, the locking component is connected to the handle, and both the locking component and the handle are located on the side of the door panel away from the lock face, and both the locking component and the handle are facing inwards towards the cabinet.

5. A solar inverter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The door panel is made of transparent material.

6. A solar inverter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket includes a first bracket, which is disposed at the bottom of the cabinet; The first bracket includes a first frame, a first support frame, and a second support frame. In the horizontal direction, the first frame is arranged parallel to the first cabinet door, the second placement plate is disposed on the first frame, and the first support frame and the second support frame are disposed opposite to each other on the first frame.

7. A solar inverter according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting bracket includes a second bracket, which is disposed on the first bracket; The second bracket includes a second frame, a third support frame, and a fourth support frame. The first placement plate is disposed on the second frame. The third support frame and the fourth support frame are disposed opposite each other, with one end of the third support frame and the fourth support frame disposed on the first frame and the other end disposed on the second frame.

8. A solar inverter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet also includes a moving mechanism, which is located at the bottom of the cabinet; The moving mechanism includes a first roller group and a second roller group. The first roller group is located on the bottom of the cabinet near the first cabinet door, and the second roller group is located on the bottom of the cabinet near the second cabinet door.

9. A solar inverter according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first roller group is a swivel caster group, and the second roller group is a directional caster group.

10. A solar inverter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet also includes a first cabinet wall and a second cabinet wall disposed opposite to the first cabinet wall, the first cabinet wall and the second cabinet wall being sandwiched between the first cabinet door and the second cabinet door; The first cabinet wall has a first heat dissipation component, the second cabinet wall has a second heat dissipation component, the first heat dissipation component and the second heat dissipation component are arranged opposite to each other, and the inverter is sandwiched between the first heat dissipation component and the second heat dissipation component.

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