Bottom-pillar-free sublevel caving cutting raise one-time well completion hole arrangement structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a sill-pillar-free sublevel caving cutting courtyard one-time well completion hole arrangement structure, which belongs to the technical field of mining and comprises a central positioning charging hole, four central charging holes, four empty holes and at least one layer of well expansion charging holes, and the central positioning charging hole is positioned at the central position of a cutting courtyard; the center connecting lines of the four center charging holes form a square shape, and the center positioning charging hole is located in the center of the four center charging holes; the connecting lines of the centers of the four hollow holes form a square shape; the four empty holes are located in the center points of the side lines of the square formed by the four center charging holes respectively. The at least one layer of well expanding charging holes are formed in the periphery of the four center charging holes in a surrounding mode, and a square shape is defined by the center of the cutting courtyard. The diagonal lines of the square formed by the well expanding charging holes coincide with the diagonal lines of the square formed by the center charging holes. Through the combination of the charging holes and the empty holes, the cutting courtyard can be formed through one-time blasting, and the labor intensity and potential safety hazards are greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of mining technology, specifically relating to a bottomless, segmented caving cutting riser structure for one-time well drilling and hole layout. Background Technology

[0002] Pillarless subgrade caving is a mining method based on subgrade height and access road spacing. During mining, the ore body is first divided into several subgrades, each typically 10-15 meters high. Then, within each subgrade, several access roads are excavated along the strike or perpendicular to the ore body, with an access road spacing of 3-5 meters. Through continuous shallow-hole loosening blasting along the access roads, the ore is fractured and caves into the lower transport roadways.

[0003] The sublevel caving method without pillars involves a large amount of cutting work. The cutting work is the excavation work undertaken to open up the initial mining face and compensation space for caving. This work mainly includes excavating cutting roadways, cutting risers, and forming cutting trenches. The completion of the cutting work marks the end of the preparatory work and the beginning of the mining operation, playing a crucial role in connecting the two. Whether the cutting work can be excavated according to design requirements and the quality of the cutting directly affect the normal progress of mining and the effectiveness of the mining operation.

[0004] In the sublevel caving method without pillars, the cutting riser is one of the key structures in the preparation engineering. Its main function is to create an initial free surface for the caving ore and provide compensation space to ensure the smooth progress of the caving process. It also has the functions of guiding the caving direction, assisting ventilation and providing working passage.

[0005] Shallow-hole blasting is typically used to cut open wells, which requires multiple entries into the well and multiple blasts to open it. Due to the confined space, poor ventilation, and high labor intensity, there is a high risk of accidents such as fumes poisoning and fatal falls, posing significant safety hazards. Utility Model Content

[0006] This utility model provides a bottomless, segmented collapse cutting riser structure for one-time well construction and hole layout, aiming to solve the problems of high labor intensity and safety hazards associated with shallow hole blasting cutting risers.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A single-stage wellbore layout structure for a bottomless, segmented collapse cutting riser includes: a central positioning charging hole located at the center of the cutting riser, four central charging holes, four voids for providing compensation space, and at least one layer of well-enlarging charging holes; the center lines connecting the four central charging holes form a square shape, with the central positioning charging hole located at the center of the four central charging holes; the center lines connecting the four voids also form a square shape; wherein, the four voids are respectively located at the center points of the edges of the square formed by the four central charging holes; at least one layer of well-enlarging charging holes surrounds the four central charging holes and forms a square shape with the center of the cutting riser; the diagonal of the square formed by the well-enlarging charging holes coincides with the diagonal of the square formed by the central charging holes.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the diameter d1 of the empty hole is greater than the diameter d2 of the central charging hole, and the diameter d0 of the central positioning charging hole is greater than or equal to the diameter d2 of the central charging hole and less than the diameter d1 of the empty hole.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the diameter d3 of the enlarged charge hole is greater than or equal to the diameter d2 of the central charge hole, and less than or equal to the diameter d0 of the central positioning charge hole.

[0010] In one feasible approach, when the cutting well is a square well of 2×2m - 2.5×2.5m, the center distance L1 between the central positioning charging hole and the empty hole is 400-450mm.

[0011] In one feasible embodiment, the well enlargement charging hole includes an inner well enlargement charging hole and an outer well enlargement charging hole located around the inner well enlargement charging hole; the center distance L2 between the inner well enlargement charging hole and the central positioning charging hole is 800-850mm, the vertical distance L3 between the side line of the square formed by the inner well enlargement charging holes and the side line of the square formed by the outer well enlargement charging holes is 350-400mm; and the size of the square formed by the line connecting the outer well enlargement charging holes is consistent with the size of the cutting well.

[0012] In one feasible manner, the inner well-expanding charging holes on the sideline of the square formed by the inner well-expanding charging holes and the outer well-expanding charging holes on the sideline of the square formed by the outer well-expanding charging holes are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0013] In one feasible embodiment, the aperture d1 of the hollow hole is 120-131 mm, and the aperture d0 of the central positioning loading hole is 70-80 mm.

[0014] In one feasible approach, the depths of the central positioning charging hole, the central charging hole, and the enlarged charging hole are consistent with the depth of the cutting riser.

[0015] In one feasible embodiment, both the central positioning charging hole and the central charging hole are segmented charging structures, with a spacer layer in between. The first charging segment is near the opening, and the second charging segment is near the bottom of the hole.

[0016] The bottomless, segmented caving cutting riser borehole layout structure provided by this utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art: the central positioning charging hole mainly plays a role in precise positioning, ensuring the accuracy of the entire borehole layout structure; the four central charging holes are used for concentrated blasting, providing the main energy for the caving ore; the four empty holes can provide compensation space, avoiding excessive damage to the surrounding rock mass due to stress concentration during blasting; at least one layer of enlargement charging holes can further enlarge the diameter of the well and improve the ore extraction efficiency.

[0017] The bottomless, segmented caving cutting riser structure provided by this utility model can be applied to conditions where surface and surrounding rock caving is permissible, the ore is moderately or more stable, there are steeply dipping thick ore bodies or gently dipping extremely thick ore bodies, and the ore value is not high. By utilizing a combination of charging holes and empty holes, a cutting riser can be formed in a single blast, eliminating the need for multiple entries into the riser or multiple blasts to open it. This greatly reduces labor intensity and avoids safety accidents such as fumes poisoning and personnel falls that are prone to occur when working inside the riser, significantly reducing safety hazards. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the bottomless column segmented collapse cutting riser one-time well-forming and hole-laying structure provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the central positioning charging hole and the segmented charging of the central charging hole provided in the embodiment of this utility model;

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0021] 1. Centered charging hole; 2. Empty hole; 3. Centered charging hole; 4. Inner layer enlarged well charging hole; 5. Outer layer enlarged well charging hole; 6. First charging section; 7. Second charging section; 8. Spacer layer; 9. Detonating charge; 10. Hole filling. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0023] Unless otherwise expressly defined, the use of terms such as "first," "second," or "third" in the claims, description, and drawings of this utility model is for distinguishing different objects and not for describing a specific order.

[0024] Similar to the understanding in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number; expressions such as "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments in this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, such as "multiple groups" and "multiple times," unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention describes the single-well-forming hole layout structure for a bottomless, segmented, caving-cutting raise. The bottomless, segmented, caving-cutting raise single-well-forming hole layout structure includes: a central positioning charging hole 1 located at the center of the cutting raise; four central charging holes 3; four hollow holes 2 for providing compensation space; and at least one layer of well-enlarging charging holes. The center lines connecting the four central charging holes 3 form a square, with the central positioning charging hole 1 located at the center of the four central charging holes 3. The center lines connecting the four hollow holes 2 also form a square. The four hollow holes 2 are located at the center points of the edges of the square formed by the four central charging holes 3. At least one layer of well-enlarging charging holes surrounds the four central charging holes 3, forming a square with the center of the cutting raise as its center. The diagonal of the square formed by the well-enlarging charging holes coincides with the diagonal of the square formed by the central charging holes 3.

[0026] The bottomless segmented caving cut-cut raise borehole structure provided in this embodiment, compared with existing technologies, has the following functions for each part: the central positioning charging hole 1 mainly serves for precise positioning, ensuring the accuracy of the entire borehole structure; the four central charging holes 3 are used for concentrated blasting, providing the main energy for the caving ore; the four empty holes 2 provide compensation space, avoiding excessive damage to the surrounding rock mass due to stress concentration during blasting; at least one layer of enlargement charging holes can further enlarge the borehole diameter, improving ore extraction efficiency. In practical applications, by reasonably adjusting the parameters and arrangement of each part, the effect of bottomless segmented caving cut-cut raise borehole one-time completion can be optimized according to different mine geological conditions and mining requirements, improving mine production efficiency and safety.

[0027] This application uses a medium-hole drilling rig for borehole construction. By utilizing the combination of the charging hole and the empty hole 2, a cutting well can be formed in one blast. It is not necessary to enter the well multiple times or to blast multiple times to open the well, which greatly reduces the labor intensity and avoids the safety accidents of blasting smoke poisoning and personnel falling to their deaths that are prone to occur when working in the well, thus greatly reducing safety hazards.

[0028] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 As shown, the diameter d1 of the empty hole 2 is greater than the diameter d2 of the central charging hole 3, and the diameter d0 of the central positioning charging hole 1 is greater than or equal to the diameter d2 of the central charging hole 3, and less than the diameter d1 of the empty hole 2. That is, d2≤d0≤d1.

[0029] In practical applications, this aperture relationship is of great significance. When d2≤d0≤d1, the presence of the empty hole 2 provides space and support for the central charging hole 3, which helps to distribute the explosive energy more rationally. The aperture d0 of the central positioning charging hole 1 is between that of the central charging hole 3 and the empty hole 2, which ensures the effective filling of the central charge and utilizes the spatial effect of the empty hole 2 to improve the blasting effect. For example, in mining, by rationally setting this aperture relationship, the range and direction of blasting can be better controlled, damage to the surrounding rock can be reduced, and mining efficiency and safety can be improved.

[0030] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 As shown, the diameter d3 of the enlarged well loading hole is greater than or equal to the diameter d2 of the central loading hole 3, and less than or equal to the diameter d0 of the central positioning loading hole 1. That is, d2≤d3≤d0.

[0031] For example, in addition to ensuring that the diameter of the empty hole 2 is larger than the diameter of the other charging holes, the diameters of the central positioning charging hole 1, the central charging hole 3, and the enlargement charging hole are all the same.

[0032] In some embodiments, see Figure 1As shown, when the cut well is a 2.5×2.5m square well, the side length L=2.5m, and the center distance L1 between the center positioning charging hole 1 and the empty hole 2 is 450mm.

[0033] During actual construction, the distance and position between each hole must be strictly controlled to ensure the accuracy of the blasting effect. Precise measurement and positioning allow for a more rational layout of the charging holes and empty holes 2, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent blasting operations. Furthermore, for different rock materials or geological conditions, the center distance L1 between the centrally positioned charging hole 1 and empty hole 2 may need to be adjusted appropriately to adapt to the actual needs and ensure the safety and efficiency of the construction.

[0034] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 As shown, the well enlargement charging holes include an inner well enlargement charging hole 4 and an outer well enlargement charging hole 5 located around the inner well enlargement charging hole 4. The center distance L2 between the inner well enlargement charging hole 4 and the central positioning charging hole 1 is 850mm, and the vertical distance L3 between the side line of the square formed by the inner well enlargement charging holes 4 and the side line of the square formed by the outer well enlargement charging holes 5 is 400mm. Furthermore, the size of the square formed by the lines connecting the outer well enlargement charging holes 5 is consistent with the size of the cutting well. By limiting the distance between the holes and the layout of the holes, the cutting well is ensured to be completed in one blast.

[0035] In the specific construction process, firstly, according to the design requirements, the center distance L2 between the inner layer enlargement charging hole 4 and the central positioning charging hole 1 was accurately measured to be 850mm, and the vertical distance L3 between the sides of the square formed by the inner layer enlargement charging holes 4 and the square formed by the outer layer enlargement charging holes 5 was measured to be 400mm. Then, according to the predetermined layout, the inner layer enlargement charging holes 4 and the outer layer enlargement charging holes 5 were arranged. When arranging the outer layer enlargement charging holes 5, it was ensured that the size of the square formed by their connecting lines was completely consistent with the size of the cut well, in order to achieve the best blasting effect. After all the enlargement charging holes were arranged, a strict inspection and adjustment were carried out to ensure that the position, depth, and angle of each hole met the design requirements. Next, professional blasting equipment and technicians were introduced, and precise blasting operations were carried out according to the blasting plan. By limiting the distance between the holes and designing the holes, the well can be cut in one blast, avoiding the safety hazards and increased construction costs caused by multiple blasts. This greatly improves construction efficiency and quality, laying a solid foundation for subsequent project progress.

[0036] In some embodiments, see Figure 1As shown, the inner-layer well-expanding charging holes 4 on the square edge formed by the inner-layer well-expanding charging holes 4 and the outer-layer well-expanding charging holes 5 on the square edge formed by the outer-layer well-expanding charging holes 5 are staggered. A specific spacing is maintained between the inner-layer well-expanding charging holes 4 on the square edge formed by the inner-layer well-expanding charging holes 4 to ensure the uniformity of the charging and the stability of the blasting effect. Similarly, the outer-layer well-expanding charging holes 5 on the square edge formed by the outer-layer well-expanding charging holes 5 follow the same arrangement rules, being staggered from the inner-layer well-expanding charging holes 4. This staggered arrangement effectively avoids mutual interference between the charging holes, allowing each charging hole to play its maximum role during blasting, thus achieving a more efficient well-expanding effect. At the same time, this staggered arrangement also helps reduce vibration and impact during the blasting process, minimizing the impact on the surrounding environment and providing a safer and more reliable guarantee for engineering construction.

[0037] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 As shown, the diameter d1 of the empty hole 2 is 131 mm, and the diameter d0 of the center positioning charging hole 1 is 80 mm.

[0038] The diameter d1 of the empty hole 2 is 131mm, and the diameter d0 of the central positioning charging hole 1 is 80mm. The larger diameter of the empty hole 2, serving as an auxiliary hole, helps release stress during the blasting process, creating more favorable conditions for subsequent charging hole blasting and enabling more effective rock or material breaking. Meanwhile, the smaller diameter of the central positioning charging hole 1 (80mm) allows for more precise control of the charging position and quantity, ensuring optimal blasting effect and safety. The two work together to provide a solid foundation and guarantee for the entire operation.

[0039] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 As shown, the depths of the central positioning charging hole 1, central charging hole 3, and the enlarged charging hole are consistent with the depth of the cutting well. When the depth of the cutting well is 9-12m, the drilling depth of each charging hole also reaches 9-12m, with the depth of the empty hole 2 exceeding the limit by 1m. The consistency between the depths of the central positioning charging hole 1, central charging hole 3, and the enlarged charging hole and the cutting well depth ensures the efficiency of well completion in a single blast.

[0040] In some embodiments, see Figure 2As shown, both the central positioning charging hole 1 and the central charging hole 3 are segmented charging structures, each with a spacer layer 8 in between. The first charging segment 6 is located near the hole opening, and the second charging segment 7 is located near the bottom of the hole. In this embodiment, for a cutting riser depth of 12m, the first charging segment 6 and the second charging segment 7 are of the same length, the spacer layer 8 is 0.5m long, and the detonating charge 9 is placed at the depth of each segment. The length of the hole opening filler 10 is 1-1.2m. Of course, for cutting risers of different depths, the lengths of the segmented charging segments can be evaluated and selected based on the actual ore layer conditions, topography, and other factors.

[0041] The drilling of the charging holes and the enlargement charging holes is carried out using a medium-hole drilling rig. When filling the explosives, the second charging section 7 is filled first, then the spacer layer 8 is filled, then the first charging section 6 is filled, and finally the hole opening is sealed with a hole opening plug 10. Among them, four empty holes 2 provide compensation space, and the five segmented charging structures in the middle are detonated in two segments to form a cut. Each charging section is equipped with a detonating charge 9. The first charging section 6 closest to the hole opening is detonated first, then the second charging section 7 is detonated. Eight inner layer enlargement charging holes 4 are used for well enlargement, and the number of outermost layer enlargement charging holes 5 is 12.

[0042] The first charge section 6 of the centrally positioned charge hole 1 is typically filled with low-velocity, high-sensitivity explosives. Its main function is to quickly generate a certain fragmentation effect in the early stages of blasting, creating favorable conditions for the subsequent main blast. The second charge section 7, on the other hand, is filled with high-velocity, high-power explosives to ensure that sufficient blasting energy is generated at the bottom of the hole to achieve effective fragmentation and excavation of the target.

[0043] The segmented charging structure of the central charging hole 3 operates on a similar principle. The low-velocity explosive in the first charging section 6 creates an initial fracturing zone near the hole opening, reducing resistance at the opening and allowing the blasting energy to be transferred more smoothly to the bottom of the hole. The high-velocity explosive in the second charging section 7 concentrates and releases enormous energy at the bottom of the hole, powerfully fracturing and breaking down hard rocks or other targets.

[0044] The spacer layer 8 plays a crucial role in the entire segmented charge structure. It effectively isolates the explosives from different charge segments, preventing mutual interference and premature detonation. Simultaneously, it controls the propagation speed and direction of the detonation wave, resulting in a more uniform and controllable blasting effect. By rationally adjusting the thickness, material, and other parameters of the spacer layer 8, the performance of the segmented charge structure can be optimized according to different blasting requirements and geological conditions, thereby improving blasting efficiency and safety.

[0045] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A bottomless, column-free, segmented collapse-cutting wellhead structure for one-time well formation and hole layout, characterized in that, include: A centrally positioned charging hole (1) is located at the center of the cutting well; Four central charging holes (3) are connected by a line that forms a square shape, and the central positioning charging hole (1) is located at the center of the four central charging holes (3). Four openings (2) for providing compensation space, the center line of the four openings (2) forming a square; wherein the four openings (2) are respectively located at the center point of the side line of the square formed by the four central charging holes (3); and At least one layer of enlarged well loading holes surrounds the four central loading holes (3) and forms a square shape with the center of the cutting well; the diagonal of the square formed by the enlarged well loading holes coincides with the diagonal of the square formed by the central loading holes (3).

2. The bottomless, segmented collapse cutting wellhead hole layout structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter d1 of the hollow hole (2) is greater than the diameter d2 of the central charging hole (3), and the diameter d0 of the central positioning charging hole (1) is greater than or equal to the diameter d2 of the central charging hole (3) and less than the diameter d1 of the hollow hole (2).

3. The bottomless, column-free, segmented collapse cutting wellhead hole-laying structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The diameter d3 of the enlarged well loading hole is greater than or equal to the diameter d2 of the central loading hole (3), and less than or equal to the diameter d0 of the central positioning loading hole (1).

4. The bottomless, segmented collapse cutting wellhead structure for one-time well formation and hole layout as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the cutting well is a square well of 2×2m - 2.5×2.5m, the center distance L1 between the central positioning charging hole (1) and the empty hole (2) is 400-450mm.

5. The bottomless, segmented collapse cutting wellhead hole layout structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The well-expanding charging hole includes an inner well-expanding charging hole (4) and an outer well-expanding charging hole (5) located around the inner well-expanding charging hole (4); the center distance L2 between the inner well-expanding charging hole (4) and the center positioning charging hole (1) is 800-850mm, the vertical distance L3 between the side line of the square formed by the inner well-expanding charging hole (4) and the side line of the square formed by the outer well-expanding charging hole (5) is 350-400mm; and the size of the square formed by the line connecting the outer well-expanding charging holes (5) is consistent with the size of the cutting well.

6. The bottomless, segmented collapse cutting wellhead hole layout structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The inner well-expanding charging holes (4) on the square edge formed by the inner well-expanding charging holes (4) and the outer well-expanding charging holes (5) on the square edge formed by the outer well-expanding charging holes (5) are arranged in a staggered manner.

7. The bottomless, segmented collapse cutting wellhead hole layout structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter d1 of the hollow hole (2) is 120-131mm, and the diameter d0 of the central positioning loading hole (1) is 70-80mm.

8. The bottomless, segmented collapse cutting wellhead hole layout structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The depths of the central positioning charging hole (1), the central charging hole (3), and the enlarged well charging hole are consistent with the depth of the cutting riser.

9. The bottomless, column-free, segmented collapse cutting wellhead structure for one-time well formation and hole layout as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the central positioning charging hole (1) and the central charging hole (3) are segmented charging structures, with a spacer layer (8) in the middle. The first charging segment (6) is near the opening, and the second charging segment (7) is near the bottom of the hole.

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