Transparent film heater and underwater camera comprising same

Abstract

The utility model relates to a transparent film heater and a product, the transparent film heater comprises a transparent substrate and a transparent electric heating film layer which are stacked in sequence, the transparent film heater further comprises a transparent composite heat insulation film layer, and the transparent composite heat insulation film layer is located on the side, away from the transparent substrate, of the transparent electric heating film layer. The transparent composite heat insulation film layer is arranged on the transparent electric heating film layer in a stacked mode, the transparent composite heat insulation film layer is composed of a transparent silicon dioxide aerogel layer and an infrared high-reflection nanometer material layer which are sequentially arranged in a stacked mode, and the transparent silicon dioxide aerogel layer is located between the infrared high-reflection nanometer material layer and the transparent electric heating film layer. When heat is transmitted to the transparent composite heat insulation film layer in a heat radiation mode, the heat is reflected to the transparent electric heating film layer by the infrared high-reflection nanometer material layer, so that the heat generated by the transparent electric heating film layer is transmitted to the surface of the transparent substrate in a one-way mode, and the heating rate and the steady-state temperature of the transparent film heater are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of heaters, in particular to a transparent film heater and a product. BACKGROUND

[0002] The transparent film heater is widely used in camera viewfinder, temperature control electronic device, transparent glass curtain wall and other scenes.

[0003] The transparent film heater mainly transmits heat to the base material through electrode heating, and plays a role in temperature control and defogging. However, in the heat transmission process, the traditional film heater is often accompanied by serious heat loss, resulting in slow temperature rise, low steady-state temperature and low heating efficiency. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a transparent film heater which reduces heat radiation loss to improve heating efficiency.

[0005] The present application provides a transparent film heater, which comprises a transparent substrate and a transparent electric heating film layer arranged in sequence. The transparent film heater further comprises a transparent composite heat insulation film layer, which is located on the side of the transparent electric heating film layer away from the transparent substrate and is arranged in layers with the transparent electric heating film layer. The transparent composite heat insulation film layer is composed of a transparent silica aerogel layer and an infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer arranged in sequence. The transparent silica aerogel layer is located between the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer and the transparent electric heating film layer.

[0006] In one embodiment, the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer is a nanomaterial layer with an infrared reflectivity of 80% or more.

[0007] In one embodiment, the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer is a chalcogenide layer, a polystyrene microsphere material layer, a zinc selenide layer or a fluorinated metal material layer.

[0008] In one embodiment, the transparent electric heating film layer is a metal nanowire film layer. A transparent protective layer is further arranged between the transparent silica aerogel layer and the transparent electric heating film layer.

[0009] In one embodiment, the thickness of the transparent protective layer is 30-50 nm.

[0010] In one embodiment, the metal nanowire film layer is selected from a silver nanowire film layer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the transparent electric heating film layer is selected from an indium tin oxide layer, a carbon black layer, a conductive graphite layer, a carbon nanotube layer, a graphene layer, a silver layer or a copper layer.

[0012] In one of the embodiments, the thickness of the transparent composite heat insulation film layer is 0.8-2.0 μm.

[0013] The application also provides a product comprising the transparent film heater according to any one of the embodiments.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, the product is an underwater camera, and the view window of the camera comprises the transparent film heater, or the view window of the camera is the transparent film heater.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the transparent film heater provided by the application can achieve the purpose of heat radiation insulation, specifically, the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer reflects the heat radiation in a certain wave band back to the transparent film heater, so when the heat generated by the transparent electric heating film layer is transmitted to the transparent composite heat insulation film layer in the form of heat radiation, the heat is reflected by the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer, and since the transparent silica aerogel layer can achieve heat conduction insulation, under the joint action of the transparent silica aerogel layer and the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer, the heat radiation loss can be better inhibited, and the heat generated by the transparent electric heating film layer is transmitted to the surface of the transparent substrate in one direction, at this time, the heat is mainly concentrated on the surface of the transparent substrate, thereby improving the heating rate and the steady-state temperature of the transparent film heater, and the reliability is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the transparent film heater of the application.

[0018] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the transparent film heater of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intermediate component. When a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "side," "top," "bottom," and similar expressions used in this application's specification are merely for describing various exemplary structural parts and elements of this application. However, their use herein is for illustrative purposes only and is determined based on the exemplary orientations shown in the accompanying drawings, and does not represent the only possible implementation. Since the embodiments disclosed in this application can be arranged in different orientations, these terms indicating orientation are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limitations. For example, "upper" and "lower" are not necessarily limited to directions opposite to or consistent with the direction of gravity.

[0021] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature and the second feature are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used in this application includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a transparent thin-film heater. The transparent thin-film heater includes a transparent substrate 1 and a transparent electric heating film layer 2 arranged in sequence. The transparent thin-film heater also includes a transparent composite heat-insulating film layer 3, which is located on the side of the transparent electric heating film layer 2 opposite to the transparent substrate 1, and is stacked with the transparent electric heating film layer 2. The transparent composite heat-insulating film layer 3 is composed of a transparent silica aerogel layer 31 and an infrared high-reflectance nanomaterial layer 32 arranged in sequence, with the transparent silica aerogel layer 31 located between the infrared high-reflectance nanomaterial layer 32 and the transparent electric heating film layer 2.

[0025] Heat transfer occurs through conduction, convection, and radiation. The transparent composite heat insulation film 3 in this application can effectively suppress the loss of heat from the transparent electric heating film 2 in the form of convective heat.

[0026] Meanwhile, the transparent silica aerogel layer 31 in the transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3 has properties such as high specific surface area, high light transmittance, low density, and low thermal conductivity. Therefore, the transparent silica aerogel layer 31 can effectively prevent the loss of heat in the form of heat conduction generated by the transparent electric heating film layer 2 without affecting the light transmittance of the transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3.

[0027] Furthermore, since thermal radiation transfers heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, according to Kirchhoff's laws, heat transfer via electromagnetic radiation is a non-contact process. Electromagnetic waves are distributed across the entire spectrum, but within a limited temperature range, the wavelengths of practically significant thermal radiation are between 0.38 μm and 1000 μm, with the majority concentrated in the infrared range of 0.76 μm to 20 μm. Therefore, when the heat generated by the transparent electric heating film layer 2 is transferred to the transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3 via thermal radiation, the infrared high-reflectivity nanomaterial layer 32 in the transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3 can reflect the radiated heat in the 0.76 μm to 20 μm wavelength range back to the transparent thin-film heater, thereby achieving the purpose of thermal radiation isolation.

[0028] Therefore, under the effect of the transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3 composed of the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer 32 and the transparent silica aerogel layer 31, heat radiation loss can be better inhibited. In this way, the heat generated by the transparent electric heating film layer 2 is unidirectionally transmitted to the surface of the transparent substrate 1, and at this time, the heat is mainly concentrated on the surface of the transparent substrate 1, thereby improving the heating rate and the steady-state temperature of the transparent thin-film heater.

[0029] Further, the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer 32 can transmit visible light, and the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer 32 is a nanomaterial layer with an infrared reflectivity of 80% or more. In the embodiment, the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer 32 is a chalcogenide layer, a polystyrene (PS) microsphere material layer, a zinc selenide layer, or a fluorinated metal material layer.

[0030] The above-mentioned infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer 32 can be coated on a substrate such as a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer first, and then transferred to the transparent silica aerogel layer 31 by a transfer method.

[0031] In the embodiment, the above-mentioned transparent silica aerogel layer 31 has a porous structure with a porosity of 99.8% at most, and the thermal conductivity of the transparent silica aerogel layer 31 can be as low as 0.017 W / mK. In this way, the design of high porosity and extremely low thermal conductivity can effectively prevent the spread of heat conduction, thereby effectively inhibiting the conduction heat loss of the heat of the transparent electric heating film layer 2.

[0032] Optionally, the thickness of the above-mentioned transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3 is 0.8 μm to 2.0 μm. Such a design can make the transparent thin-film heater have a higher heating rate and a steady-state temperature, and at the same time, have better overall reliability.

[0033] In an embodiment, the transparent electric heating film layer 2 is selected from an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer, a carbon black layer, a conductive graphite layer, a carbon nanotube layer, a graphene layer, a silver layer, or a copper layer.

[0034] The indium tin oxide (ITO) layer can be formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 1 by sputtering; the carbon black layer, the conductive graphite layer, the carbon nanotube layer, and the graphene layer can be first prepared into a slurry, and then formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 1 by printing, coating, or spin coating; and the silver layer or the copper layer can be formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 1 by sputtering, or can be first prepared into a slurry, and then formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 1 by printing, coating, or spin coating.

[0035] However, when the carbon black layer, the conductive graphite layer, the carbon nanotube layer, the graphene layer, the silver layer, or the copper layer is used as the transparent electric heating film layer 2, the light transmittance is low, and the transparent electric heating film layer 2 can only be arranged at a predetermined position of the transparent substrate 1 and generally does not completely cover the transparent substrate 1, for example, is arranged at the edge of the transparent substrate 1 or is arranged at different areas of the transparent substrate 1 in a spaced manner, thereby causing uneven heat conduction of the entire transparent film heater. Although the indium tin oxide layer can be used as the transparent electric heating film layer 2 to achieve uniform heat conduction, the heat generation per unit area and the light transmittance are still difficult to balance.

[0036] Therefore, the transparent film heater provided in another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 3. Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 3, the transparent electric heating film layer 2 is a metal nanowire film layer. In this embodiment, the metal nanowire film layer can be selected from a silver nanowire film layer, a copper nanowire film layer, and the like, and in some specific examples, the metal nanowire film layer is a silver nanowire film layer. At this time, in order to avoid oxidation of the metal nanowires in the metal nanowire film layer, a transparent protective layer 4 is further arranged between the transparent silica aerogel layer 31 and the transparent electric heating film layer 2. Then, the transparent protective layer 4, the transparent electric heating film layer 2, and the transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3 form a sandwich structure of the transparent electric heating film layer 2-transparent protective layer 4-transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3.

[0037] It can be understood that when the heat generated by the metal nanowire film layer is transmitted to the transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3 in the form of heat radiation, the heat radiation is reflected by the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer 32, and the radiated heat is transmitted back to the metal nanowire film layer after passing through the transparent protective layer 4, thereby inhibiting heat radiation loss. At the same time, since the transparent silica aerogel layer 31 can achieve heat conduction and heat insulation, the heat radiation loss can be better inhibited under the combined action of the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer 32 and the transparent silica aerogel layer 31. The heat generated by the metal nanowire film layer is unidirectionally transmitted to the surface of the transparent substrate 1, and at this time, the heat is mainly concentrated on the surface of the transparent substrate 1, thereby improving the heating rate and the steady-state temperature of the transparent film heater and having better overall reliability. In addition, the presence of the transparent protective layer 4 can avoid oxidation of the metal nanowires in the metal nanowire film layer.

[0038] In order to further avoid oxidation of the metal nanowires in the metal nanowire film layer, the transparent film heater further comprises a transparent protective layer 5, which is arranged around the transparent electric heating film layer 2, and the thickness of the transparent protective layer 5 is equal to the thickness of the transparent electric heating film layer 2.

[0039] It can be understood that the metal nanowire film layer has high light transmittance and high heat generation per unit area, and low cost, the transparent film heater adopts the metal nanowire film layer as the transparent electric heating film layer 2, heat can be better transmitted to the surface of the transparent substrate 1, so that the heating rate and the steady-state temperature of the transparent film heater are improved.

[0040] The thickness of the metal nanowire film layer is 100 nm to 1000 nm, wherein the diameter of the metal nanowire in the metal nanowire film layer is 10 nm to 100 nm, and the aspect ratio is 200 nm to 2000 nm, so that the metal nanowire film layer has better heat conduction effect and light transmittance.

[0041] In addition, the thickness of the transparent protective layer 4 is 30 nm to 50 nm. Oxidation of the metal nanowire in the metal nanowire film layer can be better avoided.

[0042] The transparent substrate 1 in the above embodiment is selected from a glass substrate, a polyethylene terephthalate substrate, a polymethyl methacrylate substrate or a polycarbonate substrate. In this way, the transparent film heater is a heating glass or a heating film.

[0043] Further, the shape of the transparent film heater of the utility model can be selected according to actual conditions, by controlling the shape of the transparent substrate, the transparent film heater with a corresponding shape, such as a planar, arc, hemispherical, spherical and the like, can be obtained, so as to be suitable for different application scenarios.

[0044] The application also provides a product using the above transparent film heater. The product is applied to a camera window, a temperature control electronic device or a glass curtain wall. In the embodiment, the product is a camera used underwater, and the window of the camera is the transparent film heater; or the window of the camera comprises the transparent film heater.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, a glass substrate is used as the transparent substrate 1, and a silver nanowire film layer, a transparent protective layer, a transparent silica aerogel layer 31 and an infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer 32 are sequentially stacked on the transparent substrate 1. The thickness of the silver nanowire film layer is 120 nm, the thickness of the transparent protective layer is 30 nm, and the thickness of the transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3 composed of the transparent silica aerogel layer 31 and the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer 32 is 0.8 μm. Compared with normal temperature, the temperature rise of the transparent film heater can reach 80℃.

[0046] If the transparent composite heat insulation film layer is not provided, the temperature rise of the transparent film heater can reach 70℃ under the same structure.

[0047] If the transparent composite heat insulation film layer only includes the transparent silica aerogel layer 31, i.e. the above-mentioned infrared high-reflection nanometer material layer 32 is not arranged. In the case of the same structure, the temperature rise of the transparent thin film heater can reach 75℃ at room temperature.

[0048] It can be seen that, compared with the transparent thin film heater without the transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3, the temperature rise of the transparent thin film heater is improved when the transparent composite heat insulation film layer is arranged and the transparent composite heat insulation film layer only has the transparent silica aerogel layer 31; when the transparent thin film heater adopts the transparent composite heat insulation film layer 3 composed of the transparent silica aerogel layer 31 and the infrared high-reflection nanometer material layer 32, the temperature rise of the transparent thin film heater is greatly improved.

[0049] In the above-mentioned embodiments, the base material of the transparent silica aerogel layer 31 and the infrared high-reflection nanometer material layer 32 are not limited, and any heat insulation structure similar to the design concept of the patent is within the protection scope of the patent; any heat insulation structure designed by adjusting the stacking order of the film layers and other easily associated ways of the patent is within the protection scope of the patent.

[0050] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily, and in order to make the description simple, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are not described, however, as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist contradictory, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

[0051] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation manners of the application, the description is more specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as the limitation of the patent application scope. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the application. Therefore, the patent protection scope of the application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A transparent thin film heater comprising a transparent substrate (1) and a transparent electrically heating film layer (2) arranged one on top of the other, characterized in that, The transparent film heater further comprises a transparent composite heat insulation film layer (3) located on the side of the transparent electric heating film layer (2) away from the transparent substrate (1) and arranged in a laminated manner with the transparent electric heating film layer (2), the transparent composite heat insulation film layer (3) is composed of a transparent silica aerogel layer (31) and an infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer (32) arranged in a laminated manner, the transparent silica aerogel layer (31) is located between the infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer (32) and the transparent electric heating film layer (2).

2. The transparent thin film heater of claim 1, wherein, The infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer (32) is a nanomaterial layer with an infrared reflectance of 80% or above.

3. The transparent thin film heater of claim 1, wherein, The infrared high-reflection nanomaterial layer (32) is a chalcogenide layer, a polystyrene microsphere material layer, a zinc selenide layer or a fluorinated metal material layer.

4. The transparent thin film heater of claim 1, wherein, The transparent electric heating film layer (2) is a metal nanowire film layer, and a transparent protective layer (4) is further arranged in a laminated manner between the transparent silica aerogel layer (31) and the transparent electric heating film layer (2).

5. The transparent thin film heater of claim 4, wherein, The thickness of the transparent protective layer (4) is 30-50 nm.

6. The transparent thin film heater of claim 4, wherein, The metal nanowire film layer is selected from a silver nanowire film layer.

7. The transparent thin film heater of claim 1, wherein, The transparent electric heating film layer (2) is selected from an indium tin oxide layer, a carbon black layer, a conductive graphite layer, a carbon nanotube layer, a graphene layer, a silver layer or a copper layer.

8. The transparent thin film heater according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The thickness of the transparent composite heat insulation film layer (3) is 0.8-2.0 μm.

9. An underwater camera comprising: The transparent film heater according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. The camera of claim 9, wherein, The view window of the camera comprises the transparent film heater; or the view window of the camera is the transparent film heater.

Images